Biohashing and Fusion of

Palmprint and Palm Vein

Biometric Data
Modris Greitans, Arturs Kadikis, Rihards Fuksis
Institute of Electronics and Computer Science
Dzerbenes 14, Riga, Latvia
e-mail: Rihards.Fuksis@edi.lv

International Conference on Hand-based

Biometrics
November 17-18, Hong Kong
Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Motivation
Multimodal
Palm
Biometrics

Provides:

Easy enrolment

Unique parameters

Hard to falsify

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Image Acquisition (I)

White LEDs

In visible light spectrum using white

LEDs
Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Image Acquisition (II)

IR LEDs

In infrared light spectrum using IR

LEDs
Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Image processing (I)

Cross section of the
ridge

Cross section of the

vessels

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Image processing (II)

Complex 2D Matched
Filtering:
Based on the matched filtering

Improved processing speed

Obtains vectors: magnitude matching rate; angle orientation in the image
jK l

CMF ( x, y ) e

Cross section of the

ridge

G ( x, y, l )

Cross section of the

vessels

For further information:

M.Greitans, M.Pudzs, R.Fuksis. Object Analysis in Images Using Complex 2d Matched
Filters, Proceedings of the IEEE Region 8 Conference EUROCON 2009. Saint
Petersburg, Russia, May, 2009., pp. 1392-1397.
Rihards Fuksis
International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Image processing (III)

Feature
extracti
on

Filtering result

Vector set

Most significant vectors are extracted to describe the

object.
The result is a data set of 64 vectors (256 bytes)

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Raw biometric data

comparison

Vector set A

Vector set B

Vector set from the

database

Acquired vector set

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Vector comparison
v p ( A) vq (B )

Rihards Fuksis

Magnitud
es:

v p ( A) vq ( B )

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Vector comparison
v p ( A) vq (B )

Magnitud
es:

r
r
v p ( A) vq ( B )

Angles: cos (v ( A); v ( B ))

p
q

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Vector comparison
v p ( A) vq (B )

Magnitud
es:

r
r
v p ( A) vq ( B )

Angles: cos (v ( A); v ( B ))

p
q
d||2
d 2
exp
Distance:exp

2
2

||

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Vector comparison
v p ( A) vq (B )

Magnitud
es:

r
r
v p ( A) vq ( B )

Angles: cos (v ( A); v ( B ))

p
q

Distance:
exp

s p ,q

d||2
d 2
2 exp 2
||

r
r
r
r
v p ( A) vq ( B) cos
(v p ( A); vq ( B)) exp

Dot product
Rihards Fuksis

d||2

2 exp

||

d 2
2

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Vector set comparison

s p ,q

Similarity index of two

vectors:
r
r
r

r
v p ( A) vq ( B ) cos
(v p ( A); vq ( B)) exp

Similarity of two
vector sets:

d||2

2 exp

||

d 2
2

s ( A, B ) s p ,q
p

Similarity index is normalized so that

S(A,B) is in the [0;1]

s ( A, B)

Rihards Fuksis

s ( A, B)
s ( A, A) s( B, B)
International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Security of raw biometric data

usage
It is unsecure to use raw biometric
data
Therefore encryption must be
introduced
1
0

1
1

0
0

0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0
Encrypted
data

1
0

0
0

1
0

Raw biometric
data
Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash
du
Pixels

CMF

Vectors

(u,v)

Palm image
Inner
product

Inner
product

...

1st vector

u1

v1

R-th vector

uR

vR

Inner
product

...

Random
number
matrix

du1 dv1
...

Token

dv

Vector Set

duR dvR

Data vector consists

of 4R components

...

Thresholding
1

...

Rihards Fuksis

Biocode

Biocode consists of
4R bits

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(I)

Filtered palm vein image

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(I)

Filtered palm vein image

76

27

187

49

83

163

87

44

52

85

146

83

41

57

87

51

Extracted vector magnitudes

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(I)

Filtered palm vein image

76

27

187

49

83

163

87

44

52

85

146

83

41

57

87

51

Extracted vector magnitudes

Rihards Fuksis

Most intensive vector labeling

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(I)

Filtered palm vein image

76

27

187

49

83

163

87

44

52

85

146

83

41

57

87

51

Extracted vector magnitudes

Data vector

u1

v1

du1 dv1 ... uR

Most intensive vector labeling

Most intensive vector information

vR

Rihards Fuksis

duR dvR + 0

1 ... 0

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(I)

Filtered palm vein image

76

27

187

49

83

163

87

44

52

85

146

83

41

57

87

51

Extracted vector magnitudes

Data vector

u1

v1

du1 dv1 ... uR

Most intensive vector labeling

Most intensive vector information

vR

duR dvR + 0

1 ... 0

New Data vector

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(II)
..
1 1 0 .

Person 1; Biocode No.1

Person 1; Biocode No.2

1 0 1

Person 1; Biocode No.3

Person 1; Biocode No.4

Random
number
matrix

..
.
..

1 1 0 .
4 3 2
..
1 1 1 .

By looking at the values before

the thresholding in Biohash
algorithm, we can obtain the
information about the distance
from threshold value for each of
the bits in biocodes

Data
vector

Dot
product

Capture this value

Calculate the distance
to the threshold

Rihards Fuksis

Thresholding
International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(II)
Bit #1

Bit #2

Person 1; Biocode No.1

0.61

1 0.33 0 0.04

...

Person 1; Biocode No.2

0.47

0 0.12 1 0.15

...

Person 1; Biocode No.3

0.59

1 0.47 0 0.18

...

Person 1; Biocode No.4

0.46

1 0.39 1 0.14

...

2.13

3 1.19 2 0.29

...

Distance to
the threshold

Bit #1

Bit #2

Bit #3

Rihards Fuksis

..
.

Bit #3

If the distance to the

threshold value is greater,
the resulting bit most likely
will not change between
one persons biocodes

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(II)
Distance to
the threshold

Bits
Sort bits into groups
Distance to
the threshold

4
Rihards Fuksis

2
International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(II)
Distance to
the threshold

2
Sort bits in every group
in ascending order

Distance to
the threshold

4
Rihards Fuksis

2
International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biohash Advancements(II)
Distance to
the threshold

What we obtain is the indexes of the most stable bits in descending

order. When comparing two biocodes this information is used to
calculate weights for the errors of the bits by using exp or other
function
Weight function

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Biocode comparison

= 4 mistakes

Similarity:

l Dh
Sb
l

Rihards Fuksis

l length of the biocode

Dh Hamming distance

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Database evaluation
Two databases; 500 images from 50 persons
5 images in IR and 5 in visible light spectrum
Raw biometric data comparison
results[EER]
Palm
Palm
Fused
Veins
Prints
data
EER [%]

0.32
2.79
0.1
Biohash test results
Palm [EER]Palmprint Fused
Veins
s
data

Mean

14.043

12.073

6.190

StDev

1.152
Proposed
[EER]
Palm
Veins

1.102
Biohash test
Palmprint
s

0.803
results
Fused
data

Mean

1.073

0.471

StDev

0.304

0.231

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Conclusions
Complex 2D Matched Filtering approach
speeds up the feature extraction procedure.
Biohashing with proposed advancements
can be used as a method for securing the
biometric data with similar or better
precision as raw biometric data comparison
gives
Future work: Tests on larger databases and
evaluation of other biometric encryption
methods
Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics

Thank you!
Questions?
This presentation was supported by ERAF
funding under the agreement
No.2010/0309/2DP/2.1.1.2.0/10/APIA/VIA/01
2

Rihards Fuksis

International Conference on Hand-based Biometrics