Professional Documents
Culture Documents
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.2.1
18.2.2
18.3.2
18.4.2
18.4.3
18-i
18.1
INTRODUCTION
Discharge
Pre-Development
Uncontrolled Runoff
Post-Development
Controlled Runoff by
Detention
Time
Figure 18.1
Hydrograph Schematic
18.2
DETENTION FACILITIES
18-1
Infiltration Trench
(CIRIA, 1996)
Park Pond
LEVELS
On-site
Community
Regional
Infiltration Basin
Storage Reservoir
(Hall, et al., 1993)
Artificial Recharge
(Todd, 1980)
18-2
Above-ground Storages
(i)
Landscaped areas
Impervious areas
Flat Roofs
(iv)
Surface Tanks
Below-ground Storages
(i)
Underground Tanks
Pipe Packages
Combined Storages
Surface Tank
Underground Tank
Figure 18.3
Pipe Package
18-3
18.3
RETENTION FACILITIES
18-4
(a)
DRY BASIN
Dry Basins
These are basins that are normally dry or empty when not
in operation, i.e. they do not have a permanent water
pond or pool associated with them. Dry detention basins
are particularly suited to multi-purpose use and sites may
be selected to incorporate passive or active recreation
areas such as public parks and open space, or sporting
facilities such as soccer fields.
(b)
Figure 18.4
(a)
Infiltration Trench
Soakaway Pit
Porous Pavement
Infiltration Basin
18-5
Figure 18.6
Soakaway Pit
Basin Method
Ditch-and-Furrow Method.
Figure 18.7
Porous Pavement
18-6
Flooding Method
Figure 18.8
Figure 18.9
18-7
FINAL DRAFT
Figure 18.10
(d)
Irrigation Method
June 2000
Figure 18.11
18-8
18.4
Site-based Methods
Catchment-based Methods
18-9
Release Timing
Figure 18.12
(c)
18-10
Duration (hr)
0.5
1.5
12
24
10
20
50
100
PMP
Figure 18.13
Spillway Operation
Extreme Floods
Public Safety
18-11
(g)
Environmental Considerations
Figure 18.14
18-12
Infiltration and Artificial Recharge System used for Stormwater Disposal (CIRIA, 1996)
Table 18.1
Table 18.2
Type of Soil
Type of Soil
Gravel
Crushed rock
30
Sand
40
Silt
Gravel (2 to 20 mm)
30
Boulder clay
Sand
25
Clay
15-25
5-10
2-5
18-13