March 2014

LTE AdvancedEvolving
and expanding in to new
frontiers

LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers

Brings carrier aggregation and

its evolution led by Qualcomm

Enables hyper-dense HetNets;

Further gains with enhanced
receivers

Extends benefits of LTE to

unlicensed spectrum

Expands LTE in to new frontiers

device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more

1000x mobile data challenge enabler

2

LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements

Leverage wider bandwidth
Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers,
multiple bands, and across licensed and
unlicensed spectrum

F1
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4

Carrier
aggregation

Up to
100 MHz

Higher
data rates
(bps)

LTE Carrier #5

Leverage more antennas

MIMO

Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User

MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4

Higher spectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)

Leverage HetNets

Higher spectral
efficiency per
coverage area

With advanced interference

management (FeICIC/IC)

(bps/Hz/km2)

Small Cell Range Expansion

3

Carrier Aggregation rapidly

expanding and evolvingled
by Qualcomm

Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

Carrier Aggregationfatter pipe to enhance user experience

Up to 20 MHz

LTE Carrier #1

Up to 20 MHz

LTE Carrier #2

Up to 20 MHz

LTE Carrier #3

Up to 20 MHz

LTE Carrier #4

Up to 20 MHz

LTE Carrier #5

Higher peak data rates

1The

Aggregated
Data Pipe

Higher user data rates and

lower latencies for all users

Up to
100 MHz

More capacity for typical

bursty usage1

Leverages all
spectrum assets

typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,

Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load

Typical bursty
smartphone applications

Carrier aggregation capacity gain

Burst Rate
(normalized)

6
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation

User experience

Data bursts

4
3
2

Partially
loaded
carriers

Capacity gain can exceed 2x

(for same user experience)1

0
Idle time

63

6
12

9
18

12
24

15
30

Load
(Mbps)
1Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
6

Carrier aggregation gaining momentum Led by Qualcomm

Technologies, Inc.

8974
LTE Advanced

9x35

9x25
LTE Advanced
(Cat4)

Worlds 1st LTE Advanced

carrier aggregation
(Launched Jun 2013)

150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)

10 + 10 MHz in downlink
QTIs 3rd generation Qualcomm Gobi LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

LTE Advanced
(Cat6)

LTE Advanced Cat 6

(300 Mbps)
(Announced Nov 2013)

300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)

20 + 20 MHz in downlink
QTIs 4th generation Qualcomm Gobi LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation

Taking carrier aggregation global - 4Th Gen Gobi LTE

New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution

4th Generation LTE modem

40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)

One chip, all carrier

aggregation combinations
Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA
4th generation LTE transceiver

300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)

1st 28nm RF

FDD/TDD Support
1st 20nm modem

~3x* more CA band combinations

HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation

Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier
aggregation

Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
8

Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation

QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning
~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP

Japan

China
Europe

North America
B4 + B17
B4 + B13
B4 + B12
B5 + B12
B2 + B17
B4 + B5
B5 + B17
B4 + B7
B2 + B5
B2 + B29
B4 + B29
B2 + B4
B2 + B13
B23 + B29
B2 + B12
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous 41
Non Contiguous B4
Non Contiguous B25

B3 + B7
B3 + B20
B7 + B20
B8 + B20

B39 + B41
B1 + B7
Contiguous B38
Contiguous B7
Contiguous B3
Contiguous 40
Non Contiguous 41
Contiguous B39

B11 + B18
B3 + B28
B1 + B8
B1 + B18
B1 + B19
B1 + B21
B1 + B26
B3 + B19
B19 + B21
Contiguous B1

Requirements:
700-2700 MHz
Inter-Band CA
Intra-Band CA
Wider Bandwidth
TDD CA
FDD CA

South Korea
South America
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous B7

Australia
B3 + B8
B3 + B28

B3 + B8
B1 + B5
B3 + B5
B3 + B26
B8 + B26
Non Contiguous B3

RFFE
+
Modem

Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations
9

Advanced multiple antenna

techniques for more capacity

10

More antennaslarge gain from receive diversity

Downlink

1.8x

4x4 MIMO
4 Way
Receive
Diversity
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)

1.7x

Diversity,
MIMO

1x
NodeB

Device

2 x 2 MIMO

LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL

Relative spectral efficiency

Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO

11

Leverage fiber backhaul installations

Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience
Coordinated scheduling

Remote Radio
Head (RRH)

Coordinated beamforming

Macro

Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH

Remote Radio
Head (RRH)

Central
processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
12
Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink

Its not just about adding small cells LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1

Small Cell Range Expansion

(FeICIC/IC)

Macro
Only

Macro+
4 Picos

with Range Expansion

LTE R8

1X

LTE R8

1.4X

LTE Advanced

2.8X

Macro+
4 Picos

Data rate improvement2

Higher capacity, network load balancing,

enhanced user experience, user fairness
1By

applying advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced timedomain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
13

Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced

interference management (FeICIC/IC)
~37X

SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL

~21XSMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

~11X SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

~6X

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

+4 Small
Cells

+8 Small
Cells

+16 Small
Cells

+32 Small
Cells

SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

Capacity scales with small cells added1

LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz

spectrum. Users uniformly distributeda hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)

14

LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers

Further
improving LTE
Advanced

Aggregated
Data Pipe

Evolving carrier
aggregation

Further
Enhanced HetNets

More advanced antenna

features and 256 QAM

Higher capacity for

Machine-to-machine and
Smartphone signaling

Enhanced
Receivers
for superior
performance

Rel. 12 & beyond

New
Frontiers

Device
Interference cancellation

700MHz
to 3.8GHz

LTE Advanced in
unlicensed spectrum

~3.5 GHz
/ ASA

LTE Broadcast
going beyond mobile

LTE Direct for

device to device

Higher bands & new

licensing models
(Authorized Shared Access)
15

Carrier aggregation evolution,

Enhanced Hetnets

16

LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve

Leveraging all spectrum assets
Across cells (Multiflow)
(Supported in Rel. 12)

FDD/TDD Aggregation

Across licensed/ unlicensed

(Supported in Rel. 12)

(Specific band combinations to be defined)

Paired

Traditional
Licensed

Unpaired

ASA/LSA
Licensed

Unlicensed
(LTE)

Anchor

3GPP continually defines

band combinations

Aggregated
Data Pipe

17

MultiFlow Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across

macros and small cells
Small cell Booster

Macro Anchor

Macro

Improved offload
to small cells

Higher cell-edge
data rates

Robust
mobility
18

Further enhancing HetNets performance

User deployed 3G/4G

Operator deployed 3G/4G

Typically indoor small cells

Indoor/outdoor small cells1

4G Relays
& Wireless
Backhaul
ENTERPRISE
RESIDENTIAL

METRO

MultiflowImprove
offload to small cells

Enhanced device
receiver

LTE in unlicensed
spectrum

LTE/Wi-Fi tight
interworking

Dual-cell connectivity
across cells

Data channel interference

cancellation for even more gain

Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with

unified LTE network & small cells

Converged small cells

with LTE & Wi-Fi

Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets

19

Enhanced receivers for superior

LTE Advanced performance

20

Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity

Interference Cancellation

Interference
Cancellation

Rel. 10/11

Re. 12

Sync ref. signal

Common ref. signal
Primary broadcast
channel
Data channel

Better user experience

Higher data rates especially at
cell-edges

Higher network capacity

Higher users data rate increases
overall network capacity

Enhanced performance
for HetNets
Even more beneficial in managing
interference in small cell deployments

21

Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance

Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego

Higher network capacity

140

Macro 1

Throughout

120
100
80

Rel. 10/11
Receiver

Enhanced
Receiver

60
40

Pico 2
Pico 3
Pico 4

20
Pico 5

Increased cell-edge data rates

Throughout

30

Enhanced
Receiver

25
20
15
10

Rel. 10/11
Receiver

5
0
22

Extending the benefits of LTE

Advanced to unlicensed spectrum

23

Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum

Better network performance

Enhanced user experience

Longer range and increased capacity

Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in

licensed spectrum with robust mobility
LTE in
Licensed
spectrum
700MHz to 3.8GHz

Ideal for
small cells

Carrier
aggregation

LTE in
Unlicensed
spectrum
5 GHz

Unified LTE Network

Coexists with Wi-Fi

Common LTE network with common

authentication, security and management.

Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors

24

Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale

LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels
Large scale, global
1 LTE deployments

in unlicensed spectrum
2 LTE
for USA, Korea and China

268+ network launches

in 100+ countries1

LTE Advanced 3GPP R10

LTE Advanced 3GPP R10

launched June 2013

Wi-Fi and LTE co-existence features2

Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands

in unlicensed
3 LTE
spectrum everywhere
Extend deployment to regions with
Listen Before Talk (LBT) regulations
Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier
discovery and expanded uplink coverage
Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard

Common core network

with common mobility, security,
authentication and more.

R10
Ideal for
small cells

Converged 3G/4G small cells with

LTE for licensed and unlicensed
spectrum as well as Wi-Fi

Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum

1Per

GSA as of as of Feb 5th 2014. 2 With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.

25

Making LTE broadcast dynamic

and extending to terrestrial TV

26

LTE broadcast is commercial Powered by Snapdragon

800
LTE Advanced

st
1

Worlds 1st LTE

Broadcast solution
Gobi LTE Modem
integrated into
Snapdragon 800

KT Corp launches worlds first commercial LTE

Broadcast service
By Nick Wood, Total Telecom
Monday 27, January 2014

South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile

TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.
KT Corp on Monday launched the worlds first commercial LTE Broadcast service,
delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.
Called Olleh LTE Play, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast
multicast services) solutions developed in

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128

27

LTE broadcast Higher capacity even with fewer users

Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum
7X

Unicast
LTE Broadcast

3X
1.7X
X
1 user/ cell

X
2 users/cell

X
5 users /cell

Network capacity/throughput

Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) 28
is based
on the same amount of resource allocation.

Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility

Event or demand driven
Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only
during games)
Users accessing
same content
on unicast

Users moved to
broadcast

Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)

Seamless transition
Make-beforebreak connection
Fully transparent to user

Part of Rel. 121

Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast
(based on operator configured triggers)
1This

feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12

29

Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast

Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices
LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network
(SFN) for the whole coverage area
-

LTE
(Unicast)

Enhanced user experience

in the Assisted Mode
(e.g. On-demand content,
interactivity )

Assisted
Mode

Using LTE sites/infrastructure

LTE Broadcast on a dedicated

spectrum

Broadcast TV
Stand-alone
Mode

Devices in
Stand-alone or Assisted mode

~2x Higher capacity than todays broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC)

- Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband
Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B
operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.

30

LTE Direct Operator-owned global

platform for continuous proximity
awareness

31

Designed for autonomous Always-ON discovery

Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness
DISCOVERY

LTE

Up to 500m range
LTE

20s

Discover 1000s of services in

milliseconds

64ms

Privacy sensitive
Device based, connectionless discovery
without location tracking

Negligible LTE capacity impact

<1% of uplink resources for thousands of services

Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system

32

Operator platform that enables new mobile services

Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale
Operator owned LTE Direct platform

Common discovery network

Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator

Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators

Expected to be in every Rel 12 device

Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard

33

Utilizing higher bands & new licensing

models (Authorized Shared Access)

34

ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use

Exclusive Use

Used in both macros and small cells

Incumbents (i.e., government) may not

use spectrum at all times and locations

Small cells can be closer to incumbent

than macros

3G/4G Macro Base

Station

Protects spectrum incumbents

Binary use either incumbent or
rights holder with protection zones

1No

Incumbent
user
3G/4G Small Cells

Regular
Multi-band
Device1

Incentive-based cooperation model

Allows incumbents to monetize
unused spectrum

device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.

35

ASA/LSA1 Implementation underway in Europe and USA

POLICY

Endorsed
by 28 EU member
states Nov 13

Evaluation by NTIA
Endorsed by 28 EU
member states Nov 13

REGULATORY

Defined by CEPT

in report published in Feb 142

for harmonizing 2.3 GHz3

STANDARDS

Specified by ETSI
Currently working on
requirements

OPERATOR
INTEREST

PROOF OF
CONCEPT

Demonstrated
by many infra/device
vendors; 2.3 GHz and
3.5 GHz demos at MWC
Feb 14

Trialed
Live in Finland in
Sep13

Proposed by FCC
To make 3.5GHz4 band
dedicated to licensed shared
access for mobile broadband

ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group; 23ECC Report 205; 33Draft ECC decision on harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400
MHz for MFCN; 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz; 4 Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz

36

LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler

Continue to evolve LTE:
-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
-- Opportunistic HetNets
LTE in unlicensed spectrum

LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct

Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Hetnets with FeICIC/IC

Full interference management

New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells

More Small Cells is Key to 1000x

37

Qualcomm LTE advanced leadership

Standards Leadership

Industry-first Demos

A main contributor to key

LTE Advanced features

MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet

Demo with Mobility

Instrumental in driving interference

cancellation and other Hetnets features

MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic

HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility.
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo

Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE

in unlicensed spectrum

Industry-first Chipsets from QTI

Worlds 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun 13)
First with LTE Broadcast (Jan 14)
LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution
announced in Nov. 13

MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with datachannel interference cancellation

800

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

MDM 9x35

LTE Advanced

LTE Advanced

Worlds 1st LTE

Advanced solution

300Mpbs (Cat 6)
solution
38

LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers

Brings carrier aggregation and

its evolution led by Qualcomm

Enables hyper-dense HetNets;

Further gains with enhanced
receivers

Extends benefits of LTE to

unlicensed spectrum

Expands LTE in to new frontiers

device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more

1000x mobile data challenge enabler

39

Questions? - Connect with Us

www.qualcomm.com/technology
http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam
BLOG

@Qualcomm_tech
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp
http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
http://storify.com/qualcomm_tech
40

Thank you
Follow us on:
For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:
www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved.
Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries.
Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business
units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Te chnologies, Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomms enginee ring, research and
development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.
41

A strong LTE evolution path

2013

FDD and TDD

support

Enhanced voice fallback (CSFB),

VoLTE, LTE Broadcast (eMBMS)
Rel-9

Rel-8

LTE
Mbps1

DL: 73 150
UL: 36 75 Mbps1
(10 MHz 20 MHz)

1Peak

2014

2015

Carrier Aggregation, relays,

HetNets (eICIC/IC), Adv MIMO

Realizes full benefits of

HetNets (FeICIC/IC)

Rel-10

Rel-11

2016+

LTE Direct, Hetnets enhancements,

Multiflow, WiFi interworking,
Rel-12 & Beyond

LTE Advanced
DL: 3 Gbps2
UL: 1.5 Gbps2
( Up to 100 MHz)

rates for 10 MHz or 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO, standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps.

2Peak data rate can exceed 1 Gbps using 4x4 MIMO and at least 80 MHz of spectrum (carrier aggregation), or 3GBps with 8x8

MIMO and 100MHz of spectrum. Similarly, the uplink can reach 1.5Gbps with 4x4 MIMO.

Commercial

Note: Estimated commercial dates.

42

Created 2/13/2014