Professional Documents
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Dec 2004
Dec 2004
- 44 -
Dec 2004
Benefits of
High Solubility of V (C,N) In Austenite
Excellent Castability
Ductility Trough Starts at Lower Temperatures
than Niobium Steels
Roll Straightening of Slabs can be
Accomplished over a Wider Temperature
Range Without Transverse Cracking
Dec 2004
20
15
10
0
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Benefits of
High Solubility of V (C,N) In Austenite
Reduces Minimum Reheat Temperatures
Necessary to Dissolve Precipitates
Reduces energy requirements
Very important in Thin Slab tunnel furnaces
Dec 2004
V , N b in S o lu tiio n , W t %
100 ppm N
150 ppm N
50 ppm N
0.1% C
200 ppm
0.15% C
Nb
0.2% C
0.3% C
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
Reheat Temperture, C
Dec 2004
Benefits of
High Solubility of V (C,N) In Austenite
Provides Predictable Strengthening over
Wide Range of V Alloy Content
Typical vanadium additions from 0.02% up to
0.15% or higher are soluble at normal reheat
temperatures
Vanadium strengthening effective at all
carbon levels
Dec 2004
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200
150
100
50
Mo
Ti
Nb
Microalloying Element
10
Benefits of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Allows Recrystallization Controlled Rolling
(RCR) Thermal-mechanical Processing
Minimizes Temperature and Deformation
Requirements for Recrystallization
Reduces Roll Force Requirements
Dec 2004
11
Benefits of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Allows Recrystallization Controlled Rolling
(RCR) Thermal-mechanical Processing
Provides Austenite Grain Refinement by
Repeated Recrystallization During Rolling
Process
Results in refined austenite grains without need
for low finish rolling temperatures
Dec 2004
12
- 46 -
Benefits of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Dec 2004
13
Benefits of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Dec 2004
14
Effects of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Rolling force per unit width
Niobium bearing heats
0.8
Rolling Force
0.7
0.6
0.015Nb
0.03Nb
0.045Nb
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
Roll Pass
Dec 2004
15
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Effects of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Rolling Load per Unit Width
Vanadium bearing heats
0.8
Rolling force
0.7
0.6
0.03V
0.06V
0.09V
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
Roll Pass
Dec 2004
16
Effects of
Low Solute Drag Coefficient of V in Austenite
Rolling Force per Unit Width
Average for each alloy type
0.8
0.7
0.6
Nb
V
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
Roll Pass
Dec 2004
17
Benefits of
Nitrogen as the Preferred Element in
V(C,N) Precipitation
Dec 2004
- 48 -
Benefits of
Nitrogen as the Preferred Element in
V(C,N) Precipitation
Dec 2004
19
Benefits of
Nitrogen as the Preferred Element in
V(C,N) Precipitation
20
350
(a)
Isothermal Transformation
650C/500s
300
250
Rp, MPa
Rp, MPa
250
(b)
Isothermal transformation
650C/500s
300
200
150
200
150
0.22C-0.12V
0.15C-0.12V
0.10C-0.12V
0.04C-0.12V
100
0.12V-0.023N
0.12V-0.013N
0.06V-0.025N
0.12V-0.005N
100
50
50
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
wt% N
Dec 2004
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
wt% C
21
- 49 -
Effects of
Nitrogen as the Preferred Element in
V(C,N) Precipitation
300
200 ppm N
250
150ppm N
200
100 ppm N
150
50 ppm N
100
50
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Dec 2004
22
Benefits of
Nitrogen as the Preferred Element in
V(C,N) Precipitation
Dec 2004
23
V Steels
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.017
0.019
0.021
Total Nitrogen, %
Dec 2004
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24
V Steels
80
70
Aging Index, MPa
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.017
0.019
0.021
Total Nitrogen, %
Dec 2004
25
30
40
Linear (V)
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0
10
20
50
60
70
80
Dec 2004
26
SUMMARY
Dec 2004
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