Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Objective
Attendees will be able to:
1. Define common electrical terminologies
2. Discuss the dangers of electricity
3. Explain the concepts of arcing, ampacity, bonding and grounding
4. List the types & functions of protective devices
5. Recognize safety features/requirements of commonly used
electrical equipment
6. Use/apply basic safety practices when working with electricity
7. Outline the different wiring methods
8. Identify hazardous location classification for installation/use of
electrical equipment
Major Components
29 CFR 1910.300 Become familiar with OSHA Subpart S (www.osha.gov) &
applies to installations designed or installed after March 1972
Examination of Equipment
Working Clearances
Overcurrent Protection
Grounding
Wiring Methods
Electrical Boxes
Flex Cord & Cable
Hazardous Locations
Safe Work Practices
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Live parts
Grounding path
Electrical box covers
Flexible cords & cables Strain relief
Electrical Issues
An average of one worker is electrocuted on
the job every day
There are four main types of electrical injuries:
Electrocution (death - electrical shock)
Electrical shock
Burns
Falls
Electrical Terminology
Current (C) the movement of electrical charge
(amps)
Resistance (R) opposition to current flow (ohms)
Voltage (V) a measure of electrical force (volts)
V = IR
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Electrical Terminology
Conductors substances, such as metals,
that have little resistance to electricity
Insulators substances, such as wood,
rubber, and glass, that have high resistance to
electricity
Electrical Terminology
Grounding - A highly conductive path to ground intended to
prevent electrical shock
Bonding is the joining of metallic parts to form an electrically
conductive path
Arcing - Current flows through air between conductors that are
not in contact. Arcing is a function of distance, voltage and
conductivity medium
Ampacity amount of current a conductor can safely conduct
10 gauge 30 amps; 12 gauge 20 amps; 14 gauge 15 amps
Electrical Shock
Electric shock occurs when the body
becomes a part of the circuit
Electric shock occurs when an individual
is in contact with the ground and
contacts:
1. Both wires of an electric circuit, or
2. One wire of an energized circuit and
the ground, or
3. A metallic part that has become
energized by contact with an
energized conductor
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Electrical Shock
(cont)
Electrical Shock
(cont)
Source: Accident Prevention manual for business and industry, 2001 Hagan, Montgomery & OReilly
2/23/2014
Source: Accident Prevention manual for business and industry, 2001 Hagan, Montgomery & OReilly
Dangers of Electricity
Currents > 75 mA* can cause
ventricular fibrillation
Death in a few minutes unless a
defibrillator is used
75 mA is not much current a small
power drill uses 30 times as much
Low voltages can be extremely
dangerous because, all other factors
being equal, the degree of injury
increases the longer the body is in
contact with the circuit.
* mA = milliampere = 1/1,000 of an ampere
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Source: Accident Prevention manual for business and industry, 2001 Hagan, Montgomery & OReilly
Electrical Dangers
(cont)
Electrical Injuries
Burns
Common type of electrical
injury
Typically occurs on the hands
Serious injury that needs
immediate attention
Indirect or secondary injuries
Falls due to shock from
elevated locations can result in
injury or death
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Unsafe Action
Ladder not meant for 2 workers
Metal Ladder
Identification of Conductors
The grounded conductor is an energized circuit that is
connected to earth through the system ground. It is
commonly referred to as the earth.
Identification of Conductors
The live (hot) wire should have a hot color (R,B,Y)
The neutral wire should have a cold color (B)
The equipment grounding conductor be G, or G with Y
stripes
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Grounding Requirements
Service or system ground is the grounding of the neutral
conductor or grounded conductor. In an ordinary lowvoltage circuit, the white (or gray) wire is grounded at the
generator or transformer and again at the service entrance
of the building. This type of ground is primarily designed to
protect machines, tools, and insulation against damage.
Equipment ground must be furnished by providing another
path from the tool or machine through which the current
can flow to the ground. This additional ground safeguards
the electric equipment operator if a malfunction causes the
metal frame of the tool to become energized.
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Grounding Hazards
Most frequently violated standards
Metal parts of an electrical wiring system (switch
plates, ceiling light fixtures, conduit, etc.) should be at
zero volts relative to ground
Housings of motors, appliances or tools that are
plugged into improperly grounded circuits may
become energized
Shocks will result if contact is made
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Polarity of Connections
No grounded conductor may be attached to any
terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity
Protective Devices
These devices shut off electricity flow in the event of
an overload or ground-fault in the circuit
Fuses and Circuit breakers are over-current devices. If
there is excessive current:
Fuses melt
Circuit breakers trip open
Ground-fault circuit-interrupters (GFCIs) are leak
detectors
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Overcurrent Protection
600 volts or less
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Safety Violations
Electrical Hazards
A hazard exists when a conductor is too small to
safely carry the current
Example: Using a tool with an extension cord that
has a wire too small for the tool
The tool draws more current than the cord can handle,
causing overheating and a possible fire without tripping the
circuit breaker
The circuit breaker could be the right size for the circuit but
not for the smaller-wire extension cord
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Unsafe Conditions
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Examination of Equipment
Safety of equipment must be determined using the
following considerations:
Suitability for installation and use
Mechanical strength and durability
Electrical insulation
Heating effects
Arcing effects
Classification
Leakage Test
Source: Accident Prevention manual for business and industry, 2001 Hagan, Montgomery & OReilly
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Continuity Test
Source: Accident Prevention manual for business and industry, 2001 Hagan, Montgomery & OReilly
Marking
Electrical equipment must be marked with the
manufacturers name, trademark or other
identification
Other markings must be provided giving voltage,
current, wattage, or other ratings as necessary
Markings must be durable enough to withstand
the environment
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Identification
Each disconnecting means must
be legibly marked to indicate its
purpose, unless located and
arranged so that its purpose is
evident
Markings must be durable enough
to withstand the environment
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Proper Example!
Panel Labeling
Panel Labeling
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Safety Violations
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Proper Clearances!
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Wiring Methods
No wiring system of any type may be in ducts used
to transport dust, flammable vapors, or ventilation
of commercial-type cooking equipment.
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Temporary Wiring
Temporary electrical power and lighting wiring may be
of a class less than would be required for a permanent
installation.
Temporary Wiring
Luminary Protection
Lamps for general illumination must be protected from
accidental contact or breakage.
Protection can be provided by an elevation of 7 feet or
by a suitable fixture with a guard.
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Flexible Cords
Flexible cords and cables must be protected from
accidental damage. Sharp corners or projections must
be avoided.
Protection must be provided when passing through
doorways or other pinch points.
Pendant, or
Fixture Wiring
Pendant, or
Fixture Wiring
Portable lamps,
tools or appliances
Stationary equipment to
facilitate interchange
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Substitute for
fixed wiring
Concealed behind or
attached to building
surfaces
Flexible Cords
Flexible cords must be used only in continuous
lengths without splice (< No 12) or tap
Damaged cords must be properly repaired or
removed from service
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Splices
Conductors must be spliced with:
Splicing devices suitable for the use
Brazing, welding or soldering (with a mechanically
and electrically secure joint before soldering & then
soldered)
Splices
All splices and joints must be covered with an
insulation equivalent to that of the conductors
Hazardous Locations
Electrical installations
Equipment, wiring, and installations of equipment
in hazardous (classified) locations must be
intrinsically safe, approved for the location, or safe
for the location.
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Training
OSHAs electrical safety-related work practice requirements are
contained in 29 CFR 1910.331-.335
De-energizing electric equipment before inspecting or making repairs
LOTO (1910.147)
Using electric tools that are in good repair
Using good judgment when working near energized lines
Using appropriate protective equipment
Thank You!
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