Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1/12/2012
Content
1. Part II: Subsea Production System
Xmas Trees
Systems
Flowline
Connection
Systems
(Tie-In System)
Manifold Structure
Steel Tube
Umbilical
Subsea Control
Systems
Field Architecture
What is Subsea?
Definition: The ability to
produce hydrocarbon
f
from
reserviors
i
located
l
t d
under water without the
well being directly
connected by a riser to
the host facility.
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Why Subsea ?
The water depth may be too great to use a surface well platform.
Fixed
Platform
(500 m)
Compliant Tower
(900 m)
Mini - TLP
(1100 m)
Tension
Leg Platform
(TLP) (1370 m)
SPAR
(2300 m)
Floating Production
Systems
(FPSO, FPS)
(2300 m)
Subsea
Systems
(3000 m)
Why Subsea ?
Full Field Life economics;
Development CAPEX for a platform may not pas economic
hurdles
Subsea
S b
options
i
normally
ll llower than
h a Pl
Platform.
f
Subsea generally will give earlier first gas or first oil hence
better returns.
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Why Subsea ?
Improved HSE performance:
Removes people from offshore, potential to reduce visual and
environmental impact.
Why Subsea ?
Deviated drilling from surface well
may not be able to reach the
entire reservoir. Reservoir area
g and shallow.
are too large
May required multiple host
facilities.
Uncertainty over numbers of well
to complete the reservoir
development.
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Interface Considerations
Four interfaces govern tree design
The Well
Tubing Size, Pressure,
Temperature, Material Class
The Well
Controls
Direct, Piloted, E-H, Different
Vendors
Pressure
Flow Rates
Controls
Fluid Properties
Flowlines
Pipeline Size, Pressure,
Connection Type, Different
Vendors
The Wellhead
Mudline, Clamp Hub, Mandrel,
Different Vendors
Flowline
Connection
Wellhead
Mudline vs. Subsea
S
External Profile & Gasket
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Subsea Xmas
Tree
Subsea
Tree
Types VXT Vs HXT
XOV
PSV
ASV
PWV
P
AWV
DHSV
AMV
ANNULUS / SERVICE
OUTLET
XOV
P
PRODUCTION OUTLET
AWV
AAV
PMV
PWV
PMV
AMV
DHSV
VX TEST
ANNULUS / SERVICE
OUTLET
VX TEST
PRODUCTION
OUTLET
SUBSEA TREE ASSEMBLY
WELLHEAD SYSTEM
VERTICAL SUBSEA
TREE
CONVENTIONAL
SUBSEA
TREE
Horizontal Tree
Vertical Tree
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Safety barrier
Xmas Tree
PWV
AMV
A
Annulus
l M
Master
t V
Valve
l
AWV
XOV
PSV
ASV
XOV
SCSSV
Surface Controlled
Subsurface Safety Valve
PTT
Pressure/Temperature
Transmitter
T
itt
ASV
PWV
AWV
AMV
ANNULUS / SERVICE
OUTLET
PRODUCTION OUTLET
PMV
DHSV
VX TEST
SCSSV
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SUBSEA CONTROL
MODULE
ANNULUS
CROSSOVER
VALVE
ANNULUS
WING VALVE
ANNULUS
SWAB
VALVE
ANNULUS
MASTER
VALVE
PRODUCTION
SHUT DOWN
VALVE
FLOWLINE
CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR /
SCSSV ROV PANEL
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Subsea Manifold
The primary function of a subsea manifold is to channel flows
from several individual wells into single or multiple flowline
headers.
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Subsea Manifold
Manifold Introduction
Definition: Subsea Production Manifold
A subsea structure containing valves and pipework designed to
combine the fluids of one or more subsea production Christmas
trees and to direct the fluids down one or more export flow lines.
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Subsea Manifold
General Design Features
Subsea installable and often subsea retrievable as well.
Pipework rated to the full shut-in temperature and pressure of the
subsea Xmass trees.
ROV accessible for all subsea operations.
Compatible with any subsea control system.
Interface with foundation structure.
Housed connection equipment. (Tie-in system)
Gas lift for low-pressure or deep subsea development.
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Subsea Manifold
Manifold Types
Template Manifold a drill-through structure designed to house
multiple subsea christmas trees.
Cluster Manifold a stand-alone structure designed to direct fluids
for multiple subsea Christmas trees placed around it.
Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) a simpler version of a cluster
manifold generally designed to direct fluids for only or two subsea
Christmas trees. A PLEM generally connects directly to a subsea
fl
flow
line
li without
ith t the
th use off a pipeline
i li end
d ttermination
i ti (PLET)
(PLET).
21
Subsea Manifold
Template Manifold
Features
Complex
p
and very
y heavy
y
structure.
No well jumpers required
Cost effective.
Suitable for specific field
requirements.
Horizontal connections.
Tree drilled only on
t
template.
l t
22
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Subsea Manifold
Cluster Manifold
Features
Simple
p and relatively
y light
g
structure.
Easy in installation .
Cost effective.
Horizontal or vertical
connections.
Trees drilled at distance.
23
Subsea Manifold
Cluster Manifold Azurite (Congo)
24
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PLEM
PLET
25
PLET
Flowline
Manifold
Jumpers
26
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Control
System
2. Piping
p g System
y
3. Connection System
4. Leveling System
5. Control System
Piping System
Structure Frame
Connection
System
Leveling System
27
28
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Small-bore envelope
Connection
System
Header
Branch
Manifold Structure Consists of Valve, Small and Large Bore piping.
29
ROVCON
STABCON
30
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Funnel-down
Mono-post
Vent./suction hatch
Suction anchor
31
32
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Subsea Manifold/PLEM
Deployment Methods
Vessels
Drill Rig : Through moon pool or keel-hauled on drill string.
Heavy Lift vessels (Derrick Barges): Through moon pool or over
side
Work-class vessels: over side on crane or winch.
Equipment
Manifold hydraulic installation tool.
Sling
Sli sets,
t either
ith wire
i rope or synthetic
th ti fib
fiber.
33
Subsea Manifold/PLEM
Manifold Installation Lift Offshore
34
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Subsea Manifold/PLEM
Moon Pool Deployment
35
Subsea Manifold/PLEM
Work Vessel Deployment
36
18
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Subsea Foundation
Foundation Types
Mud Mats A simple foundation resting directly on the seabed,
generally with a short skirt around the perimeter to resist lateral
loads.
Piles long cylindrical structure embedded into the soil intended to
hold a subsea structure above the seabed. Foundation may utilize
one or more individual piles.
Jetted Piles
Suction Piles / Anchors
Intermediate Structure an intermediate structure can be used to
interface a subsea manifold with a pile foundation to reduce weight
on the manifold structure or to ease retrieval on the manifold.
Intermediate structures can be either retrievable or permanent
structures.
37
Design Codes:
API RP 2A WSD (geotechnical
and structure)
AISC
38
38
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39
40
40
20
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41
Subsea Manifold/PLEM
Overtrawlable
Structure
Dual 20 headers
45 x 33
45m
33m x 14
14m
657 metric tonnes
Suction Piles
42
21
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Subsea Manifold/PLEM
43
44
22
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45
46
23
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47
Subsea Jumper
Types
Well Jumper
Flowline Jumper
Note: Flowline Jumpers are rounded at corners for pigging
48
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Well
Jumpers
Jumper being
lowered subsea
with connectors
on either side
Sled/Manifold
49
Subsea Jumper
Jumper Connectors
Reasoning behind the various
connection systems:
C
Cover different
diff
t ti
tie-in
i methods
th d from
f
shallow to ultra-deep waters
Be applicable from flexible pipe to rigid
steel pipe
Torus Hydraulic
Connector
(Vertical)
MAX Mechanical
Collet Connector
(Vertical)
Single or
Twin Screw
Clamp Connector
KC4 Collet
Connector
Vertical or Horizontal
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52
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Retrieve CAT
54
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Connector
Actuation
Tool (CAT)
55
56
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58
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60
30
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62
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Modular Design
ROV Retrievable SCM with
Running Tools
Increased Instrumentation
Capabilities
SUBSEA
CONTROL
UNIT
POWER ON COMMUNICATION
MINI-SEM
PRESSURE
SENSOR
TEMP
SENSOR
Mini-SCM
PLATFORM
TREE
UMBILICAL
63
Modular Design
Increased Instrumentation
Capabilities
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Electrical
Power
Unit (EPU)
Master
Control
Station
(MCS)
TUTA
Hydraulic
Power Unit
(HPU)
Umbilical
Control System
TUTA - Topside Umbilical Termination Assy
SDU
Manifold
EFL / HFL
Tree
Tree
HPU
65
Subsea
Distribution
Unit (SDU)
Electric
Power Unit (EPU)
Umbilical
Xmas
Tree
Hydraulic
H d li and
d
Chemical Lines
SCM
Electric
Cables
Hydraulic
Actuators
Umbilical
Cross Section
66
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Subsea Umbilical
67
Subsea Umbilical
68
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Subsea Umbilical
What is Control Umbilical?
Connection between the
topside and communication
equipment
i
t and
d the
th subsea
b
control system.
Hydraulic power and control
lines are individual hoses or
tubes manufactured from
steel or thermoplastic
materials and encased in the
umbilical
bili l bundle
b dl
69
Subsea Umbilical
Thermoplastic Hose Umbilical
Hybrid Umbilical
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71
Electrical
Distribution
Unit (EDU)
Hydraulic
Distribution
Unit (HDU)
Umbilical
Termination
Head (UTH)
Mudmat
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Subsea Umbilical
Umbilical can range from 2.5 km on spooling
reels up to 50Km for production umbilical.
73
74
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75
XMT #1
XMT #2
XMT #3
Advantages:
Flexible
Pay as you go
XMT #4
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XMT#3
XMT#2
Flexible
Expandable
Possibly fewer flowlines than for
satellites
Disadvantages:
Complex controls distribution
Flowline needed for each well
Deviated drilling may be needed.
Platform
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79
XMT#4
4 XMT#2
Man
nifold
XMT#3
3 XMT#1
3. Integrated Templates
Subsea wells installed on a pre-positioned
drilling template on the seabed. Each well
having a dedicated flowline to surface.
Advantages:
Common datum for wells.
Flowline porch for multiple connections.
Manifold can be added later.
Disadvantages:
Dedicated flowlines / Umbilicals may be
used.
Limited slots available.
Platform
80
40
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XMT#3
Advantages:
XMT#1
Flexibility of satellites.
Fewer flowlines.
Centralized controls system.
Manifold
Disadvantages:
Complex flowline connection.
Limited Slots for production tie-in.
Platform
82
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83
Questions???
84
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