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III. Which two substances found in all cells could be responsible for controling the cell and carrying
the hereditary information?
IV. What evidence support the idea that DNA is the hereditary material?
A. All cells contain DNA (some viruses contain only RNA but viruses are not considered cells)
B. DNA is long enough to hold all of the information (if we took all of the DNA from all of your
cells and strung it together it would go to the sun and back five times!
C. All the cells of an organism contain the same amount of DNA, except reproductive cells.
1. How much would we find here?
2.
D. Hershey/Chase experiment (1952) Final confirmation
E. Chargaffs Results
1. The proportions of the four bases in DNA are the same in all cells of all of the
individuals in a given species.
2. These proportions vary from species to species.
V. What is the chemical composition of the DNA molecule?
A. The structure of a nucleotide (made of three parts)
1. A nitrogenous base
2. A sugar
3. A phosphate
D. Several nucleotides
E. Note the 5 and 3 ends.
F. Note that the double strands are head to tail (antiparallel).
G. Principle of Base Pairing (Chargaff)
1. Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine.
H. The overall shape of DNA is described as a double helix (a twisted ladder).
I. The two halves of the ladder are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
VII. How does this DNA control living systems?
A. Every three bases codes for one amino acid (triplet code)
B. Remember these are messenger RNA codes.
VIII. The other nucleic acid: RNA
A. What does RNA stand for?
B. Differences between DNA and RNA .
1. RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose.
2. RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.
DNA Replication
I. How does an organism pass on its genetic information to the next generation?
II. How many times does a cell replicate its DNA.
III. Meselson-Stahl experiments