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List of countries and capitals with currency and language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent,
displayed with their respective national flags and capitals, and including their respective
currencies and native languages.
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into
adjacent continents. The continents are:

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

Australasia (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of Australia and


the Pacific Islands)

Antarctica

In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South
America can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the world
is divided into continents, including different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong
to more than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.
Contents

1 Africa

2 Asia

3 Europe

4 North America

5 South America

6 Oceania

7 Antarctica

8 See also

9 Notes

10 References

11 External links

Africa
Africa

Area

30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi)

Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd)


Pop.
density

30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi)

Countries

57 (list of countries)

Languages Languages of Africa


Time zones UTC-1 to UTC+4
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2
million km (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of
the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. [2] With 1.0 billion
people (as of 2009, see table), it accounts for about 15% of the world's human
population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both
the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian
Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent
includesMadagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign
states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3]
Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin
of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the

earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to
around
seven
million
years
ago

includingSahelanthropus
tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H.
ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens(modern human) found in Ethiopia being
dated to circa 200,000 years ago. [4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses
numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the
northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic
growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011.[6]
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

Benin

Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

English
Setswana

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Burundi

Bujumbura

Burundian
franc

Kirundi
French

Cameroon

Yaound

CFA franc

French
English

Cape Verde

Praia

Cape
Verdean
escudo

Portuguese

Central
African
Republic

Bangui

CFA franc

French
Sango

Chad

N'Djamena

CFA franc

French
Arabic

Comoros

Moroni

Comorian
franc

Comorian
Arabic

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language
French

Congo (CongoBrazzaville
Brazzaville)

CFA franc

French

Cte
d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)

CFA franc

French

Democratic
Republic
of
the
Kinshasa
Congo(CongoKinshasa)

Congolese
franc

French

Djibouti

Djibouti

Djiboutian
franc

French
Arabic

Egypt

Cairo

Egyptian
pound

Arabic

Malabo

Equatorial
Guinean
peseta

Spanish
French
Portuguese

Equatorial
Guinea

Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)

Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Tigrinya
Arabic
English

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Gambia

Banjul

Gambian
dalasi

English

Ghana

Accra

Ghana cedi English

Guinea

Conakry

Guinean
franc

French

Flag

Currency

Official
language

Guinea-Bissau Bissau

CFA franc

Portuguese

Kenya

Nairobi

Kenyan
shilling

Swahili
English

Lesotho

Maseru

Lesotho loti

English
Sesotho

Liberia

Monrovia

Liberian
dollar

English

Libya

Tripoli

Dinar

Arabic

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Malagasy
ariary

Malagasy
French

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

English
Chichewa

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Mauritania

Nouakchott

Ouguiya

Arabic

Name

Capital

Mauritius

Port Louis

Mauritian
rupee

Mauritian
Creole
French
English

Mayotte

Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Morocco

Rabat

Moroccan
dirham

Arabic
Berber

Mozambique

Maputo

Mozambican
Portuguese
metical

Namibia

Windhoek

Namibian
dollar

English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Niger

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Nigeria

Abuja

Naira

English

Runion

Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Rwanda

Kigali

Rwandan
franc

Kinyarwanda
English
French

Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan
da
Cunha

Saint
Jamestown (Saint
Helena)
Helena
Georgetown (Ascension
Island)
pound
Edinburgh
of
the
Seven
Pound
Seas (Tristan da Cunha)
sterling

English

Sao Tome and


So Tom
Principe

Dobra

Portuguese

Senegal

CFA franc

French

Dakar

Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois
rupee

Seychellois
Creole
French
English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Leone

English

Somalia

Mogadishu

Somali
shilling

Somali
Arabic

Somaliland

Hargeisa

Somaliland
shilling

Somali
Arabic

South Africa

Pretoria (administrative/executive) South


Afrikaans
Cape
Town (legislative) African rand English
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Southern
Ndebele

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language
Northern
Sotho
Southern
Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu

South Sudan

Juba

South
Sudanese
pound

Sudan

Khartoum

Sudanese
pound

Arabic
English

Swaziland

Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)

Lilangeni

English
Swati

Tanzania

Dodoma (official)
Dar
es
Salaam (seat
government)

Tanzanian
shilling

Swahili
English

Togo

Lom

CFA franc

French

Tunisia

Tunis

Tunisian
dinar

Arabic

Kampala

Ugandan
shilling

Uganda

None

Western
Sahara

of

None Disputed
territory
between
Morocco and the
Sahrawi
Arab
Democratic
Republic

English

Swahili
English
Luganda

Moroccan
See
dirham
respective
Algerian
claimants
dinar
Mauritanian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

ouguiya
Zambia

Zimbabwe

Lusaka

Harare

Zambian
kwacha

English

various

English
Shona
Sindebele

Asia
Asia

Area

44,579,000 km2(17,212,000 sq mi)


[7]

Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]


Pop.
density

87/km2 (225/sq mi)

Countries

48 (list of countries)

Languages List of languages


Time
zones

UTC+2 to UTC+12

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data
such as area, population, and population density, see here.

Asia ( i/e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located
primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total
surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts
60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's population
nearly quadrupled.[9]
Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the
east of the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of
the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black
Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by thePacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian
Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is
more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than
a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its
regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties
and government systems.
Flag

Name

Capital

Abkhazia

Sukhumi
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of Georgia.

Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian

Afghanistan

Kabul

Afghani

Pashto
Dari (Persian)

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

English
Greek

Armenia

Yerevan

Dram

Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe]

Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini
dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Akrotiri
Dhekelia

and

Currency

Official language

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Bhutan

Thimphu

Bhutanese
ngultrum

Dzongkha

Diego
Garcia
British
Indian
US
dollar
Overseas territory of
English
Ocean Territory
UK pound
the United Kingdom
Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bahasa Melayu

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

Khmer

China

Beijing

Renminbi
(yuan)

Standard Chinese

Christmas Island

Flying
Fish
Cove
Australian
External territory of
dollar
Australia

Cocos
Islands

West
Island
External territory of English
Australia

(Keeling)

English

Cyprus [Europe]

Nicosia

Euro

Greek
Turkish

East
Timor (TimorLeste)

Dili

US Dollar

Portuguese
Tetum

Georgia [Europe]

Tbilisi

Lari

Georgian

Hong Kong

Special administrative Hong Kong English


region of China
dollar
Cantonese

India

New Delhi

Rupee

Hindi
English

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

Indonesian

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Persian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Kurdish
Arabic

Israel

Jerusalem

Hebrew
New Shekel English
Arabic

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian
dinar

Arabic

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Kazakh
Russian

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kurdish

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar Arabic

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Kyrgyz
Russian

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Lao

Lebanon

Beirut

Lebanese
pound

Arabic

Macau

Special administrative Macanese


region of China
pataca

Portuguese
Cantonese

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur (official)


Putrajaya (seat
of Ringgit
government)

Malaysian

Maldives

Mal

Maldivian
rufiyaa

Maldivian

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Tgrg

Mongolian

Kyat

Burmese

Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

NagornoKarabakh

Stepanakert
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Armenian
recognition
dram
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan

Nepal

Kathmandu

Nepalese
rupee

Nicosia
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Northern Cyprus
Turkish lira
recognition
Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part
ofCyprus

Official language

Armenian

Nepali

Turkish

North Korea

Pyongyang

North
Korean
Korean won

Oman

Muscat

Rial

Arabic

Pakistan

Islamabad

Pakistani
Rupee

English
Urdu

Palestine

Ramallah (West
Bank seat
of
government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat
of
government)
Israeli
East
Shekel
Jerusalem (capital)
State
of
Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed
on territory

Arabic

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Philippines

Manila

Philippine
Peso

Filipino
English

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore
dollar

South Korea

Seoul

South
Korean
Korean won

South Ossetia

Tskhinvali
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofGeorgia

Sri Lanka

Sri Jayawardenepura Sri Lankan Sinhala


Kotte
rupee
Tamil

Syria

Damascus

Taiwan

Taipei
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
New Taiwan
Standard Chinese
recognition
dollar
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of China.

Tajikistan

Dushanbe

Syrian
pound

Somoni

Ossetic
Georgian
Russian

Arabic

Tajik

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

Turkmen
new manat

Turkmen

United
Emirates

Abu Dhabi

UAE dirham Arabic

Uzbekistan

Tashkent

Uzbekistan
som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston
so'mi)

Vietnam

Hanoi

ng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Arab

Tagalog

Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United
Nations Statistics Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand
Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern Europe. The
Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of
the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the European
part.
Europe
Europe

Area

10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)


Pop.
density

72.5/km2

Countries

50 (list of countries)

Languages List of languages


Time
zones

UTC to UTC+6

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Europe ( i/jrp/ ewr-p or /jrp/ yur-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's
seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula ofEurasia, Europe is
generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus
Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and BlackSeas, and the waterways connecting
the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north,
the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea
and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europea concept
dating
back
to classical
antiquityare
somewhat
arbitrary,
as
the
primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about
10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about
6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest
by both area and population, taking up 40% of the continent (although the country has
territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the

third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or
about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a
predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the
beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations
controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of
Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%. [17] Both World
Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western
European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United
States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided
along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and theWarsaw Pact in the
east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and
the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward
since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag

Name

Capital

Mariehamn
Autonomous
land Islands
of Finland (recognized
international treaty)

Currency

region
Euro
by

Official
language

Swedish

Albania

Tirana

Lek

Albanian

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Austria

Vienna

Euro

German

Belarus

Minsk

Belarusian
ruble

Belarusian
Russian

Euro

Dutch
French
German

Belgium

Brussels

Bosnia and
Sarajevo
Herzegovina

Bosnian
Convertible
Croatian
mark
Serbian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech
Republic

Prague

Czech
koruna

Czech

Denmark

Copenhagen

Danish
krone[a]

Danish

Estonia

Tallinn

Euro

Estonian

Faroese
krna

Faroese
Danish

Trshavn
Faroe Islands Self-governing
territory
the Danish Realm

of

Finland

Helsinki

Euro

Finnish
Swedish

France

Paris

Euro
CFP franc

French

Germany

Berlin

Euro

German

Gibraltar

Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United
pound
Kingdom

English

Greece

Athens

Greek

Guernsey

Saint
Peter
British Crown dependency

Hungary

Budapest

Forint

Hungarian

Iceland

Reykjavk

Icelandic
krna

Icelandic

Ireland

Dublin

Euro

English

Euro
Port Pound
sterling

English
French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language
Irish

Isle of Man

Douglas
British Crown dependency

Pound
sterling

English
Manx

Italy

Rome

Euro

Italian

Jersey

Saint
British Crown dependency

Kosovo

Pristina
De
facto sovereign
state
recognized by over 80 UN
member
states
Euro
A United
Nations mandate in Serbian territo
ry was put in place starting in
1999.

Albanian
Serbian

Latvia

Ryga

Latvian

Helier Pound
sterling

Euro

English
French

Liechtenstei
Vaduz
n

Swiss franc German

Lithuania

Euro

Lithuanian

Luxembourg Luxembourg

Euro

Luxembourgis
h
French
German

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonian
Macedonian
denar

Malta

Valletta

Euro

Maltese
English

Moldova

Chiinu

Moldovan
leu

Moldovan

Vilnius

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

French

Montenegro Podgorica

Euro

Montenegrin

Netherlands Amsterdam

Euro
US
dollar
NA guilder Dutch
Aruban
florin

Norway

Oslo

Norwegian
krone

Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk

Poland

Warsaw

Zoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

Romania

Bucharest

Romanian
leu

Romanian

Russia

Moscow

Russian
ruble

Russian
27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Euro

Italian

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbian
dinar

Serbian

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Slovene

Euro

Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque

Spain

Madrid

Flag

Capital

Svalbard

Longyearbyen
Special
of Norway (recognized
international treaty)

Sweden

Stockholm

Swedish
krona

Bern

German
French
Swiss franc
Italian
Romansh

Switzerland

Currency

Official
language

Name

territory Norwegian
by krone

Norwegian

Swedish

Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
Russian
Transnistria
Transnistria general international recognition
Moldovan
n ruble
Recognized
by United
Ukrainian
Nations as de jure part of Moldova
Ukraine

Kiev

Ukrainian
hryvnia

Ukrainian

United
Kingdom

London

Pound
sterling

English

Euro

Italian

Vatican City Vatican City


Notes
1.

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West


Asian countries
by
the United
Nations
Statistics
Division:
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
Turkey,
Armenia.

In West Asia, but a member of the European Union:

North America
North America

Cyprus.

Area

24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)

Population

528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

Pop.
density

22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Countries

23 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones UTC-10 to UTC


For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly
within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of
the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by
the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast
by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square
miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July
2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23 independent
states. North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa,
and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Flag

Currency

Official
language

Name

Capital

Anguilla

The
Valley East Caribbean English
Overseas territory of the

Flag

Name

Antigua
Barbuda

and

Official
language

Capital

Currency

United Kingdom

Dollar

St. John's

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Aruba

Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Aruban florin
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Bahamas

Nassau

Bahamian
Dollar

English

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian
Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Bermuda

Hamilton
Bermudian
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom

English

Bonaire

Kralendijk
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

Dutch

British
Islands

Virgin

Road
Town
United
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom

States

States

English
French
English

Canada

Ottawa

Cayman Islands

George
Town
Cayman Islands
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom

uninhabited
Clipperton Island Overseas
France
Costa Rica

San Jos

Canadian Dollar

Papiamento
Dutch

territory

of Euro
Costa

French
Rican Spanish

Flag

Name

Capital

Official
language

Currency
colon

Cuba

Havana

Cuban peso

Curaao

Willemstad
Netherlands
Papiamento
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder Dutch
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dominica

Roseau

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Dominican
Republic

Santo Domingo

Dominican peso Spanish

El Salvador

San Salvador

United
Dollar

Greenland

Nuuk
Self-governing territory of Danish Krone
the Danish Realm

Grenada

St. George's

Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre
Overseas department
France

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Guatemalan
quetzal

Spanish

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Haitian gourde

French

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Honduran
lempira

Spanish

Jamaica

Kingston

Jamaican Dollar English

Martinique

Fort-de-France
Overseas department
France

States

Spanish

Spanish

Greenlandic

East Caribbean
English
Dollar
of Euro

of Euro

French

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Mexico

Mexico City

Mexican peso

Spanish

Montserrat

Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat
of
East Caribbean
government)
English
Dollar
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

Navassa Island

United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America

Nicaragua

Managua

Nicaraguan
cordoba

Panama

Panama City

United
States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian
balboa

Puerto Rico

San
Juan
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America

Saba

The
Bottom
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

States

English

Spanish

States English
Spanish
States

Gustavia
Saint Barthlemy Overseas
collectivity of France

Euro

Saint Kitts and


Basseterre
Nevis

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Saint Lucia

Castries

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Saint Martin

Marigot
Overseas
collectivity of France

Euro

French

French

Flag

Currency

Official
language

Saint-Pierre
Saint Pierre and
Overseas
Miquelon
collectivity of France

Euro

French

Saint
Vincent
and
the Kingstown
Grenadines

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Name

Capital

Sint Eustatius

Oranjestad
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

Sint Maarten

Philipsburg
Netherlands
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Trinidad
Tobago

and

Port of Spain

Trinidad
and
English
Tobago Dollar

Cockburn
Town
Turks and Caicos
United
Overseas territory of the
Islands
Dollar
United Kingdom
United States

Washington, D.C.

United
Dollar

Charlotte
Amalie
United
States
United
Insular area of the United
Virgin Islands
Dollar
States of America
South America
South America

States

States

States

States

English

many

English

Area

17,840,000 km2
(6,890,000 sq mi)

Population

387,489,196 (2011, 5th)

Pop. density

21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)

Countries

12 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in
the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20]
[21]

It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic
Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by
twelve
sovereign
states
- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surina
me,Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region
of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this,
the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as
well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean
Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known
as Caribbean South America.

South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi).


Its population as of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South
America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in
population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).The word America was
coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann,
after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly
discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans.
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Peso

Spanish

Bolivia

Sucre (official)
La
Paz (seat
government)

of Boliviano

Spanish
Quechua
Aymara

Brazil

Braslia

Real

Portuguese

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogot

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

United
dollar

Falkland
Islands

Stanley
Falkland
Overseas territory of the
pound
United Kingdom

French
Guiana

Cayenne
Overseas
France

Guyana

Georgetown

Guyanese dollar

English

Paraguay

Asuncin

Guaran

Spanish
Guaran

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

department

States

Islands

of Euro

Spanish

English

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese
dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolvar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania
Oceania

Geopolitical Oceania
Area

8,560,000 km2
(3,310,000 sq mi)

Population

38,304,000 (2013, 5th)

Pop. density

4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)

Countries

14 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.

Australia (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22] US /oini/)[23] is a region centered


on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania
range
from
the
coral
atolls
and
volcanic
islands
of
the South
Pacific (ethnologically divided
into
the subregions ofMelanesia, Micronesia,
[25]
and Polynesia) to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas,
including Australasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used
more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,[26][27]
[28][29]
or
biogeographically
as
a
synonym
for
either
the Australasian
ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and
Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31]
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

American
Samoa

Pago
Pago
Insular area of the United United States dollar
States of America

Ashmore and
Cartier
Islands

External
territory
of
Australia

Australia

Australian dollar

Canberra

Baker Island

Official
language
English
Samoan

None[c]

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Avarua
Self-governing
English
New Zealand dollar
Cook Islands parliamentary democracy in
Cook Islands
Cook Islands dollar
free association with New
Mori
Zealand
Coral
Islands
Fiji

Sea

External territory of
Australia

Suva

Fijian dollar

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

French
Polynesia

Papeete
Overseas
collectivity of France

CFP Franc

French

Hagta

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Jarvis Island

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Johnston
Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Kingman
Reef

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Kiribati

South Tarawa

Marshall
Islands

Majuro

Micronesia

Palikir

Guam

Howland
Island

Midway Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Nauru

Yaren (seat of government)

New
Caledonia

Nouma
Sui
generis
CFP Franc
collectivity (special
collectivity) ofFrance

French

Flag

Currency

Official
language

New Zealand Wellington

New Zealand Dollar

Maori
New Zealand
Sign
English

Niue

Alofi

Self-governing
parliamentary
democracy in free
association with New
Zealand

Norfolk
Island

Kingston

Self-governing
territory of Australia

Northern
Mariana
Islands

Saipan

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Palau

Ngerulmud

Name

Capital

Palmyra Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Papua New
Port Moresby
Guinea
Pitcairn
Islands

Adamstown

Overseas territory of
the United Kingdom

Samoa

Apia

Solomon
Islands

Honiara

Tokelau

Nukunonu (main
settlement, although each Dependent territory
atoll
has
its
own of New Zealand
administrative centre)

Flag

Name

Capital

Tonga

Nukualofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Currency

Official
language

Vanuatu vatu

Bislama
French
English

Vanuatu

Port Vila

Wake Island

Insular area of the United United States dollar


States of America

Wallis
Futuna

Mata-Utu
Overseas
collectivity of France

and

CFP Franc

French

Antarctica
Antarctica

Area 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]


Antarctica ( i/ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] is Earth's
southernmost continent,
containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarcticregion of
the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is
surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifthlargest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For

comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is
covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the
highest average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with
annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.
[36]
The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are no
permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside
throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only coldadapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for
examplemites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants,
and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to
antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have
occurred
in
1820
by
the Russian
expedition of Fabian
Gottlieb
von
Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok andMirny. The continent, however,
remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile
environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959
by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military
activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal,
supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing
experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and
ice shelves south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However,
the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:

Argentina: Argentine Antarctica

Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory

Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)

Chile: Antrtica

France: Adlie Land

New Zealand: Ross Dependency

Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land

United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory

(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:

Flag

Name

Capital

Bouvet Island
Dependent

territory
of
Norway

French
Southern
Territories

Currency

Official
Language

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)


Port-aux-Franais (Kerguelen
Islands)
Euro
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Paul and Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France

Heard
Island
and McDonald
Islands

External
territory
of
Australia

South Georgia
King
Edward
Point
and the South
Pound
Overseas territory of the United
Sandwich
sterling
Kingdom
Islands

French

English

List of countries and capitals with currency and


language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent,
displayed with their respective national flags and capitals, and including their
respective currencies and native languages.
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into
adjacent continents. The continents are:
Africa
Asia

Europe
North America
South America
Australasia (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of
Australia and the Pacific Islands)
Antarctica
In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South
America can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the
world is divided into continents, including different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong
to more than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.

Contents
1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Europe
4 North America
5 South America
6 Oceania
7 Antarctica
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References

11 External links

Africa
Africa

Area

30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi)

Population

2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd)

Pop. density

30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi)

Countries

57 (list of countries)

Languages

Languages of Africa

Time zones

UTC-1 to UTC+4

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about
30.2 million km (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent
of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. [2] With 1.0
billion people (as of 2009, see table), it accounts for about 15% of the world's human

population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both
the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian
Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent
includesMadagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign
states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3]
Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin
of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the
earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to
around seven million years ago includingSahelanthropus
tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H.
ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens(modern human) found in Ethiopia being
dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses
numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the
northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic
growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011.[6]

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Algeria

Algiers

Dinar

Arabic

Angola

Luanda

Kwanza

Portuguese

Benin

Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)

CFA franc

French

Botswana

Gaborone

Pula

English
Setswana

Burkina Faso

Ouagadougou

CFA franc

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Burundi

Bujumbura

Burundian
franc

Kirundi
French

Cameroon

Yaound

CFA franc

French
English

Cape Verde

Praia

Cape
Verdean
escudo

Portuguese

Central
African
Republic

Bangui

CFA franc

French
Sango

Chad

N'Djamena

CFA franc

French
Arabic

Moroni

Comorian
franc

Comorian
Arabic
French

Congo (CongoBrazzaville
Brazzaville)

CFA franc

French

Cte
d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)

CFA franc

French

Comoros

Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)

Flag

Currency

Official
language

Democratic
Republic
of
the
Kinshasa
Congo(CongoKinshasa)

Congolese
franc

French

Djibouti

Djibouti

Djiboutian
franc

French
Arabic

Egypt

Cairo

Egyptian
pound

Arabic

Malabo

Equatorial
Guinean
peseta

Spanish
French
Portuguese

Name

Equatorial
Guinea

Capital

Eritrea

Asmara

Tallero

Tigrinya
Arabic
English

Ethiopia

Addis Ababa

Birr

Amharic

Gabon

Libreville

CFA franc

French

Gambia

Banjul

Gambian
dalasi

English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Ghana

Accra

Ghana cedi English

Guinea

Conakry

Guinean
franc

French

Guinea-Bissau Bissau

CFA franc

Portuguese

Kenya

Nairobi

Kenyan
shilling

Swahili
English

Lesotho

Maseru

Lesotho loti

English
Sesotho

Liberia

Monrovia

Liberian
dollar

English

Libya

Tripoli

Dinar

Arabic

Madagascar

Antananarivo

Malagasy
ariary

Malagasy
French

Malawi

Lilongwe

Kwacha

English
Chichewa

Mali

Bamako

CFA franc

French

Flag

Name

Mauritania

Capital

Nouakchott

Currency

Official
language

Ouguiya

Arabic

Mauritius

Port Louis

Mauritian
rupee

Mauritian
Creole
French
English

Mayotte

Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Morocco

Rabat

Moroccan
dirham

Arabic
Berber

Mozambique

Maputo

Mozambican
Portuguese
metical

Namibia

Windhoek

Namibian
dollar

English

Niger

Niamey

CFA franc

French

Nigeria

Abuja

Naira

English

Runion

Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France

Euro

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Rwandan
franc

Kinyarwanda
English
French

Rwanda

Kigali

Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan
da
Cunha

Saint
Jamestown (Saint
Helena)
Helena
Georgetown (Ascension
Island)
pound
Edinburgh
of
the
Seven
Pound
Seas (Tristan da Cunha)
sterling

English

Sao Tome and


So Tom
Principe

Dobra

Portuguese

Senegal

CFA franc

French

Dakar

Seychelles

Victoria

Seychellois
rupee

Seychellois
Creole
French
English

Sierra Leone

Freetown

Leone

English

Somalia

Mogadishu

Somali
shilling

Somali
Arabic

Somaliland

Hargeisa

Somaliland
shilling

Somali
Arabic

Flag

Name

South Africa

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Afrikaans
English
Southern
Ndebele
Northern
Sotho
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
South
Southern
Cape
Town (legislative)
African rand Sotho
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu

South Sudan

Juba

South
Sudanese
pound

Sudan

Khartoum

Sudanese
pound

Arabic
English

Swaziland

Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)

Lilangeni

English
Swati

Tanzania

Dodoma (official)
Dar
es
Salaam (seat
government)

Tanzanian
shilling

Swahili
English

Togo

Lom

CFA franc

French

of

English

Flag

Name

Tunisia

Uganda

Capital

Tunis

Kampala

Currency

Official
language

Tunisian
dinar

Arabic

Ugandan
shilling

Swahili
English
Luganda

None

Western
Sahara

Moroccan
None Disputed
territory dirham
See
between
Morocco and the
Algerian
respective
Sahrawi
Arab
Democratic dinar
claimants
Republic
Mauritanian
ouguiya

Zambia

Lusaka

Zimbabwe

Harare

Zambian
kwacha

English

various

English
Shona
Sindebele

Asia
Asia

Area

44,579,000 km2(17,212,000 sq mi)[7]

Population

5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]

Pop. density

87/km2 (225/sq mi)

Countries

48 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC+2 to UTC+12

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Asia ( /e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located
primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total
surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it
hosts 60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's
population nearly quadrupled.[9]
i

Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the


east of the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of
the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression) and
the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by thePacific Ocean, on the
south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.

Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is
more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than
a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its
regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical
ties and government systems.
Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Abkhazia

Sukhumi
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of Georgia.

Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian

Afghanistan

Kabul

Afghani

Pashto
Dari (Persian)

Episkopi Cantonment

Euro

English
Greek

Armenia

Yerevan

Dram

Armenian

Azerbaijan [Europe]

Baku

Manat

Azerbaijani

Bahrain

Manama

Bahraini
dinar

Arabic

Bangladesh

Dhaka

Taka

Bengali

Akrotiri
Dhekelia

and

Flag

Name

Bhutan

Capital

Thimphu

Currency

Official language

Bhutanese
ngultrum

Dzongkha

Diego
Garcia
British
Indian
US
dollar
Overseas territory of
English
Ocean Territory
UK pound
the United Kingdom

Brunei

Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei dollar Bahasa Melayu

Cambodia

Phnom Penh

Riel

Khmer

China

Beijing

Renminbi
(yuan)

Standard Chinese

Christmas Island

Flying
Fish
Cove
Australian
External territory of
dollar
Australia

Cocos
Islands

West
Island
External territory of English
Australia

(Keeling)

English

Cyprus [Europe]

Nicosia

Euro

Greek
Turkish

East
Timor (TimorLeste)

Dili

US Dollar

Portuguese
Tetum

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Lari

Georgian

Georgia [Europe]

Tbilisi

Hong Kong

Special administrative Hong Kong English


region of China
dollar
Cantonese

India

New Delhi

Rupee

Hindi
English

Indonesia

Jakarta

Rupiah

Indonesian

Iran

Tehran

Rial

Persian

Iraq

Baghdad

Iraqi dinar

Kurdish
Arabic

Israel

Jerusalem

Hebrew
New Shekel English
Arabic

Japan

Tokyo

Yen

Japanese

Jordan

Amman

Jordanian
dinar

Arabic

Kazakhstan

Astana

Tenge

Kazakh
Russian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Kurdish

Kurdistan

Erbil

Dinar

Kuwait

Kuwait City

Kuwaiti dinar Arabic

Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek

Som

Kyrgyz
Russian

Laos

Vientiane

Kip

Lao

Lebanon

Beirut

Lebanese
pound

Arabic

Macau

Special administrative Macanese


region of China
pataca

Portuguese
Cantonese

Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur (official)


Putrajaya (seat
of Ringgit
government)

Malaysian

Maldives

Mal

Maldivian
rufiyaa

Maldivian

Mongolia

Ulaanbaatar

Tgrg

Mongolian

Kyat

Burmese

Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

NagornoKarabakh

Stepanakert
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Armenian
recognition
dram
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan

Nepal

Kathmandu

Nepalese
rupee

Nicosia
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Northern Cyprus
Turkish lira
recognition
Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part
ofCyprus

Official language

Armenian

Nepali

Turkish

North Korea

Pyongyang

North
Korean
Korean won

Oman

Muscat

Rial

Arabic

Pakistan

Islamabad

Pakistani
Rupee

English
Urdu

Palestine

Ramallah (West
Bank seat
government)

Israeli
of Shekel

Arabic

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Gaza (Gaza Strip seat


of
government)
East
Jerusalem (capital)
State
of
Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed
on territory

Philippines

Manila

Philippine
Peso

Filipino
English

Qatar

Doha

Riyal

Arabic

Saudi Arabia

Riyadh

Saudi riyal

Arabic

English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore
dollar

South Korea

Seoul

South
Korean
Korean won

South Ossetia

Tskhinvali
Russian
De
facto sovereign ruble
state lacking general
international
recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part

Ossetic
Georgian
Russian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

ofGeorgia

Sri Lanka

Sri Jayawardenepura Sri Lankan Sinhala


Kotte
rupee
Tamil

Syria

Damascus

Taiwan

Taipei
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
New Taiwan
Standard Chinese
recognition
dollar
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of China.

Tajikistan

Dushanbe

Somoni

Tajik

Thailand

Bangkok

Baht

Thai

Turkey [Europe]

Ankara

Turkish lira

Turkish

Turkmenistan

Ashgabat

Turkmen
new manat

Turkmen

United
Emirates

Abu Dhabi

UAE dirham Arabic

Arab

Syrian
pound

Arabic

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official language

Uzbekistan

Tashkent

Uzbekistan
som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston
so'mi)

Vietnam

Hanoi

ng

Vietnamese

Yemen

Sana'a

Yemeni rial

Arabic

Tagalog

Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics
Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval
state of northeastern Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th
century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the
European part.

Europe
Europe

Area

10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

Population

739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)

Pop. density

72.5/km2

Countries

50 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC to UTC+6

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Europe ( /jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's
seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula ofEurasia, Europe is
generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus
Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and BlackSeas, and the waterways connecting
the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north,
the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea
and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europea concept
dating back to classical antiquityare somewhat arbitrary, as the
primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and
political elements.
i

Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about


10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and
about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the
largest by both area and population, taking up 40% of the continent (although the
country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest.
Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with
a population of 733 million or about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played
a predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after
the beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations
controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions
of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%. [17] Both World

Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western
European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United
States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was
divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and theWarsaw Pact in the
east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and
the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward
since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Flag

Name

Capital

Mariehamn
Autonomous
land Islands
of Finland (recognized
international treaty)

Currency

region
Euro
by

Official
language

Swedish

Albania

Tirana

Lek

Albanian

Andorra

Andorra la Vella

Euro

Catalan

Austria

Vienna

Euro

German

Belarus

Minsk

Belarusian
ruble

Belarusian
Russian

Euro

Dutch
French
German

Belgium

Brussels

Bosnia and Sarajevo


Herzegovina

Convertible Bosnian
mark
Croatian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language
Serbian

Bulgaria

Sofia

Lev

Bulgarian

Croatia

Zagreb

Kuna

Croatian

Czech
Republic

Prague

Czech
koruna

Czech

Denmark

Copenhagen

Danish
krone[a]

Danish

Estonia

Tallinn

Euro

Estonian

Faroese
krna

Faroese
Danish

Trshavn
Faroe Islands Self-governing
territory
the Danish Realm

of

Finland

Helsinki

Euro

Finnish
Swedish

France

Paris

Euro
CFP franc

French

Germany

Berlin

Euro

German

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Gibraltar

Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United
pound
Kingdom

English

Greece

Athens

Greek

Guernsey

Saint
Peter
British Crown dependency

Hungary

Budapest

Forint

Hungarian

Iceland

Reykjavk

Icelandic
krna

Icelandic

Euro

Port Pound
sterling

English
French

English
Ireland

Dublin

Euro
Irish

Isle of Man

Douglas
British Crown dependency

Pound
sterling

English
Manx

Italy

Rome

Euro

Italian

Jersey

Saint
British Crown dependency

Kosovo

Helier Pound
sterling

Pristina
Euro
De
facto sovereign
state
recognized by over 80 UN
member
states
A United

English
French
Albanian
Serbian

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Nations mandate in Serbian territo


ry was put in place starting in
1999.
Latvia

Ryga

Euro

Latvian

Liechtenstei
Vaduz
n

Swiss franc German

Lithuania

Euro

Lithuanian

Luxembourg Luxembourg

Euro

Luxembourgis
h
French
German

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonian
Macedonian
denar

Malta

Valletta

Euro

Maltese
English

Moldova

Chiinu

Moldovan
leu

Moldovan

Monaco

Monaco

Euro

French

Montenegro Podgorica

Euro

Montenegrin

Netherlands Amsterdam

Euro
US
dollar
NA guilder Dutch
Aruban
florin

Norway

Norwegian
krone

Vilnius

Oslo

Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Poland

Warsaw

Zoty

Polish

Portugal

Lisbon

Euro

Portuguese

Romania

Bucharest

Romanian
leu

Romanian

Russia

Moscow

Russian
ruble

Russian
27 others coofficial

San Marino

San Marino

Euro

Italian

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbian
dinar

Serbian

Slovakia

Bratislava

Euro

Slovak

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Euro

Slovene

Euro

Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque

Spain

Madrid

Svalbard

Longyearbyen
Special
of Norway (recognized
international treaty)

Sweden

Stockholm

Swedish
krona

Bern

German
French
Swiss franc
Italian
Romansh

Switzerland

territory Norwegian
by krone

Norwegian

Swedish

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
Russian
Transnistria
Transnistria general international recognition
Moldovan
n ruble
Recognized
by United
Ukrainian
Nations as de jure part of Moldova
Ukraine

Kiev

Ukrainian
hryvnia

Ukrainian

United
Kingdom

London

Pound
sterling

English

Euro

Italian

Vatican City Vatican City

Notes
1.

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by


the United Nations Statistics Division:
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
Turkey,
Armenia.

In West Asia, but a member of the European Union:

Cyprus.

North America
North America

Area

24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)

Population

528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

Pop. density

22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Countries

23 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-10 to UTC

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost
wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a
northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic
Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean,
and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000
square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of
July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23
independent states. North America is the third-largest continent in area,
following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Flag

Name

Capital

Official
language

The
Valley
East Caribbean
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom

Anguilla

Antigua
Barbuda

Currency

and

St. John's

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Aruba

Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Aruban florin
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Bahamas

Nassau

Bahamian
Dollar

English

Barbados

Bridgetown

Barbadian
Dollar

English

Belize

Belmopan

Belize Dollar

English

Bermuda

Hamilton
Bermudian
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom

English

Bonaire

Kralendijk
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

Dutch

British

Virgin Road
Town United
Overseas territory of the

States

Papiamento
Dutch

States English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Islands

United Kingdom

Dollar

Canada

Ottawa

Canadian Dollar

Cayman Islands

George
Town
Cayman Islands
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom

uninhabited
Clipperton Island Overseas
France

territory

of Euro

French
English

French

Costa Rica

San Jos

Costa
colon

Rican

Cuba

Havana

Cuban peso

Curaao

Willemstad
Netherlands
Papiamento
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder Dutch
Kingdom of the Netherlands

Dominica

Roseau

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Dominican
Republic

Santo Domingo

Dominican peso Spanish

Spanish

Spanish

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

United
Dollar

States

Official
language

El Salvador

San Salvador

Spanish

Greenland

Nuuk
Self-governing territory of Danish Krone
the Danish Realm

Grenada

St. George's

Guadeloupe

Basse-Terre
Overseas department
France

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Guatemalan
quetzal

Spanish

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Haitian gourde

French

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Honduran
lempira

Spanish

Jamaica

Kingston

Jamaican Dollar English

Martinique

Fort-de-France
Overseas department
France

Greenlandic

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

of Euro

of Euro

French

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Mexico

Mexico City

Montserrat

Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat
of
East Caribbean
government)
English
Dollar
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom

Navassa Island

United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America

Nicaragua

Managua

Nicaraguan
cordoba

Panama

Panama City

United
States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian
balboa

Puerto Rico

San
Juan
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America

Saba

The
Bottom
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

Saint Barthlemy Gustavia


Overseas

Mexican peso

Official
language

Euro

States

Spanish

English

Spanish

States English
Spanish

States

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

collectivity of France

Saint Kitts and


Basseterre
Nevis

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Saint Lucia

Castries

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Saint Martin

Marigot
Overseas
collectivity of France

Euro

French

Saint-Pierre
Saint Pierre and
Overseas
Miquelon
collectivity of France

Euro

French

Saint
Vincent
and
the Kingstown
Grenadines

East Caribbean
English
Dollar

Sint Eustatius

Oranjestad
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands

Sint Maarten

Philipsburg
Netherlands
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder
Kingdom of the Netherlands

States

Flag

Name

Trinidad
Tobago

Capital

and

Port of Spain

Currency

Trinidad
and
English
Tobago Dollar

Cockburn
Town
Turks and Caicos
United
Overseas territory of the
Islands
Dollar
United Kingdom

United States

Washington, D.C.

Official
language

United
Dollar

Charlotte
Amalie
United
States
United
Insular area of the United
Virgin Islands
Dollar
States of America

States

States

States

English

many

English

South America
South America

Area

17,840,000 km2
(6,890,000 sq mi)

Population

387,489,196 (2011, 5th)

Pop. density

21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)

Countries

12 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in
the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
[20][21]

It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by
the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is
formed by twelve sovereign states
- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suri
name,Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region
of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this,
the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as
well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean
Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known
as Caribbean South America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi).
Its population as of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South
America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in
population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).The word America was
coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann,
after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly
discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans.

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Bolivia

Sucre (official)
La
Paz (seat
government)

Brazil

Braslia

Real

Portuguese

Chile

Santiago

Peso

Spanish

Colombia

Bogot

Peso

Spanish

Ecuador

Quito

United
dollar

Falkland
Islands

Stanley
Falkland
Overseas territory of the
pound
United Kingdom

French
Guiana

Cayenne
Overseas
France

Guyana

Georgetown

department

Peso

Spanish

of Boliviano

Spanish
Quechua
Aymara

States

Islands

of Euro

Guyanese dollar

Spanish

English

French

English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

Paraguay

Asuncin

Guaran

Spanish
Guaran

Peru

Lima

Nuevo sol

Spanish

Suriname

Paramaribo

Surinamese
dollar

Dutch

Uruguay

Montevideo

Uruguayan peso

Spanish

Venezuela

Caracas

Bolvar fuerte

Spanish

Oceania
Oceania

Geopolitical Oceania
Area

8,560,000 km2
(3,310,000 sq mi)

Population

38,304,000 (2013, 5th)

Pop. density

4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)

Countries

14 (list of countries)

Languages

List of languages

Time zones

UTC-2 to UTC-5

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with


geographical data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Australia (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22] US /oini/)[23] is a region
centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes
Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic islands of the South
Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions ofMelanesia, Micronesia,
and Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas,
including Australasia and the Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used
more specifically to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate islands,[26]
[27][28][29]
or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian
ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and
Micronesia apart either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31]

Flag

Name

American
Samoa

Capital

Currency

Pago
Pago
Insular area of the United United States dollar
States of America

Official
language

English
Samoan

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Ashmore and
Cartier
Islands

External
territory
of
Australia

Australia

Australian dollar

Canberra

Baker Island

Official
language

None[c]

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Avarua
Self-governing
English
New Zealand dollar
Cook Islands parliamentary democracy in
Cook Islands
Cook Islands dollar
free association with New
Mori
Zealand
Coral
Islands

Sea

External territory of
Australia

Fiji

Suva

Fijian dollar

French
Polynesia

Papeete
Overseas
collectivity of France

CFP Franc

Guam

Hagta

Insular area of the


United States of

French

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

America

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Jarvis Island

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Johnston
Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Kingman
Reef

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Kiribati

South Tarawa

Marshall
Islands

Majuro

Micronesia

Palikir

Howland
Island

Midway Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Official
language

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Nauru

Yaren (seat of government)

New
Caledonia

Nouma
Sui
generis
CFP Franc
collectivity (special
collectivity) ofFrance

New Zealand Wellington

New Zealand Dollar

Niue

Alofi

Self-governing
parliamentary
democracy in free
association with New
Zealand

Norfolk
Island

Kingston

Self-governing
territory of Australia

Northern
Mariana
Islands

Saipan

Insular area of the


United States of
America

Palau

Ngerulmud

Palmyra Atoll

Insular area of the


United States of

Official
language

French

Maori
New Zealand
Sign
English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

America

Papua New
Port Moresby
Guinea

Pitcairn
Islands

Adamstown

Overseas territory of
the United Kingdom

Samoa

Apia

Solomon
Islands

Honiara

Tokelau

Nukunonu (main
settlement, although each Dependent territory
atoll
has
its
own of New Zealand
administrative centre)

Tonga

Nukualofa

Tuvalu

Funafuti

Vanuatu

Port Vila

Vanuatu vatu

Wake Island

United States dollar


Insular area of the United

Bislama
French
English

Flag

Name

Capital

Currency

Official
language

States of America

Wallis
Futuna

and

Mata-Utu
Overseas
collectivity of France

CFP Franc

French

Antarctica
Antarctica

Area

14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]

Antarctica ( /ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent,


containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarcticregion of
the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is
surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the
fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America.
For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of
Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
i

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the
highest average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert,
with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less
inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are no
permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside
throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only coldadapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for
examplemites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants,
and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back
to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to
have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von
Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok andMirny. The continent, however,
remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile
environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in
1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits
military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste
disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing
experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and
ice shelves south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country.
However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:
Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)
Chile: Antrtica
France: Adlie Land
New Zealand: Ross Dependency
Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)

Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic
Region:

Flag

Name

Capital

Bouvet Island
Dependent

territory
of
Norway

French
Southern
Territories

Currency

Official
Language

Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)


Port-aux-Franais (Kerguelen
Islands)
Euro
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Paul and Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France

Heard
Island
and McDonald
Islands

External
territory
of
Australia

South Georgia
King
Edward
Point
and the South
Pound
Overseas territory of the United
Sandwich
sterling
Kingdom
Islands

French

English

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