Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Antarctica
In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South
America can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the world
is divided into continents, including different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong
to more than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.
Contents
1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Europe
4 North America
5 South America
6 Oceania
7 Antarctica
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Africa
Africa
Area
Countries
57 (list of countries)
earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to
around
seven
million
years
ago
includingSahelanthropus
tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H.
ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens(modern human) found in Ethiopia being
dated to circa 200,000 years ago. [4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses
numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the
northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic
growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011.[6]
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Algeria
Algiers
Dinar
Arabic
Angola
Luanda
Kwanza
Portuguese
Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Botswana
Gaborone
Pula
English
Setswana
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou
CFA franc
French
Burundi
Bujumbura
Burundian
franc
Kirundi
French
Cameroon
Yaound
CFA franc
French
English
Cape Verde
Praia
Cape
Verdean
escudo
Portuguese
Central
African
Republic
Bangui
CFA franc
French
Sango
Chad
N'Djamena
CFA franc
French
Arabic
Comoros
Moroni
Comorian
franc
Comorian
Arabic
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
French
Congo (CongoBrazzaville
Brazzaville)
CFA franc
French
Cte
d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)
CFA franc
French
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Kinshasa
Congo(CongoKinshasa)
Congolese
franc
French
Djibouti
Djibouti
Djiboutian
franc
French
Arabic
Egypt
Cairo
Egyptian
pound
Arabic
Malabo
Equatorial
Guinean
peseta
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Equatorial
Guinea
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)
Eritrea
Asmara
Tallero
Tigrinya
Arabic
English
Ethiopia
Addis Ababa
Birr
Amharic
Gabon
Libreville
CFA franc
French
Gambia
Banjul
Gambian
dalasi
English
Ghana
Accra
Guinea
Conakry
Guinean
franc
French
Flag
Currency
Official
language
Guinea-Bissau Bissau
CFA franc
Portuguese
Kenya
Nairobi
Kenyan
shilling
Swahili
English
Lesotho
Maseru
Lesotho loti
English
Sesotho
Liberia
Monrovia
Liberian
dollar
English
Libya
Tripoli
Dinar
Arabic
Madagascar
Antananarivo
Malagasy
ariary
Malagasy
French
Malawi
Lilongwe
Kwacha
English
Chichewa
Mali
Bamako
CFA franc
French
Mauritania
Nouakchott
Ouguiya
Arabic
Name
Capital
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mauritian
rupee
Mauritian
Creole
French
English
Mayotte
Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Morocco
Rabat
Moroccan
dirham
Arabic
Berber
Mozambique
Maputo
Mozambican
Portuguese
metical
Namibia
Windhoek
Namibian
dollar
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Niger
Niamey
CFA franc
French
Nigeria
Abuja
Naira
English
Runion
Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Rwanda
Kigali
Rwandan
franc
Kinyarwanda
English
French
Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan
da
Cunha
Saint
Jamestown (Saint
Helena)
Helena
Georgetown (Ascension
Island)
pound
Edinburgh
of
the
Seven
Pound
Seas (Tristan da Cunha)
sterling
English
Dobra
Portuguese
Senegal
CFA franc
French
Dakar
Seychelles
Victoria
Seychellois
rupee
Seychellois
Creole
French
English
Sierra Leone
Freetown
Leone
English
Somalia
Mogadishu
Somali
shilling
Somali
Arabic
Somaliland
Hargeisa
Somaliland
shilling
Somali
Arabic
South Africa
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Northern
Sotho
Southern
Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
South Sudan
Juba
South
Sudanese
pound
Sudan
Khartoum
Sudanese
pound
Arabic
English
Swaziland
Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Lilangeni
English
Swati
Tanzania
Dodoma (official)
Dar
es
Salaam (seat
government)
Tanzanian
shilling
Swahili
English
Togo
Lom
CFA franc
French
Tunisia
Tunis
Tunisian
dinar
Arabic
Kampala
Ugandan
shilling
Uganda
None
Western
Sahara
of
None Disputed
territory
between
Morocco and the
Sahrawi
Arab
Democratic
Republic
English
Swahili
English
Luganda
Moroccan
See
dirham
respective
Algerian
claimants
dinar
Mauritanian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
ouguiya
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Lusaka
Harare
Zambian
kwacha
English
various
English
Shona
Sindebele
Asia
Asia
Area
Countries
48 (list of countries)
UTC+2 to UTC+12
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data
such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Asia ( i/e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located
primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total
surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts
60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's population
nearly quadrupled.[9]
Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the
east of the Suez Canal, the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of
the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black
Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by thePacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian
Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is
more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than
a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its
regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties
and government systems.
Flag
Name
Capital
Abkhazia
Sukhumi
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of Georgia.
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Pashto
Dari (Persian)
Episkopi Cantonment
Euro
English
Greek
Armenia
Yerevan
Dram
Armenian
Azerbaijan [Europe]
Baku
Manat
Azerbaijani
Bahrain
Manama
Bahraini
dinar
Arabic
Bangladesh
Dhaka
Taka
Bengali
Akrotiri
Dhekelia
and
Currency
Official language
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Bhutan
Thimphu
Bhutanese
ngultrum
Dzongkha
Diego
Garcia
British
Indian
US
dollar
Overseas territory of
English
Ocean Territory
UK pound
the United Kingdom
Brunei
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Riel
Khmer
China
Beijing
Renminbi
(yuan)
Standard Chinese
Christmas Island
Flying
Fish
Cove
Australian
External territory of
dollar
Australia
Cocos
Islands
West
Island
External territory of English
Australia
(Keeling)
English
Cyprus [Europe]
Nicosia
Euro
Greek
Turkish
East
Timor (TimorLeste)
Dili
US Dollar
Portuguese
Tetum
Georgia [Europe]
Tbilisi
Lari
Georgian
Hong Kong
India
New Delhi
Rupee
Hindi
English
Indonesia
Jakarta
Rupiah
Indonesian
Iran
Tehran
Rial
Persian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Iraq
Baghdad
Iraqi dinar
Kurdish
Arabic
Israel
Jerusalem
Hebrew
New Shekel English
Arabic
Japan
Tokyo
Yen
Japanese
Jordan
Amman
Jordanian
dinar
Arabic
Kazakhstan
Astana
Tenge
Kazakh
Russian
Kurdistan
Erbil
Dinar
Kurdish
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
Kyrgyz
Russian
Laos
Vientiane
Kip
Lao
Lebanon
Beirut
Lebanese
pound
Arabic
Macau
Portuguese
Cantonese
Malaysia
Malaysian
Maldives
Mal
Maldivian
rufiyaa
Maldivian
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
Tgrg
Mongolian
Kyat
Burmese
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
NagornoKarabakh
Stepanakert
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Armenian
recognition
dram
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan
Nepal
Kathmandu
Nepalese
rupee
Nicosia
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Northern Cyprus
Turkish lira
recognition
Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part
ofCyprus
Official language
Armenian
Nepali
Turkish
North Korea
Pyongyang
North
Korean
Korean won
Oman
Muscat
Rial
Arabic
Pakistan
Islamabad
Pakistani
Rupee
English
Urdu
Palestine
Ramallah (West
Bank seat
of
government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat
of
government)
Israeli
East
Shekel
Jerusalem (capital)
State
of
Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed
on territory
Arabic
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Philippines
Manila
Philippine
Peso
Filipino
English
Qatar
Doha
Riyal
Arabic
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Saudi riyal
Arabic
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore
dollar
South Korea
Seoul
South
Korean
Korean won
South Ossetia
Tskhinvali
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofGeorgia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Damascus
Taiwan
Taipei
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
New Taiwan
Standard Chinese
recognition
dollar
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of China.
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
Syrian
pound
Somoni
Ossetic
Georgian
Russian
Arabic
Tajik
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Thailand
Bangkok
Baht
Thai
Turkey [Europe]
Ankara
Turkish lira
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Turkmen
new manat
Turkmen
United
Emirates
Abu Dhabi
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Uzbekistan
som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston
so'mi)
Vietnam
Hanoi
ng
Vietnamese
Yemen
Sana'a
Yemeni rial
Arabic
Arab
Tagalog
Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United
Nations Statistics Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand
Duchy of Moscow, a medieval state of northeastern Europe. The
Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th century. Today, most of
the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the European
part.
Europe
Europe
Area
72.5/km2
Countries
50 (list of countries)
UTC to UTC+6
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Europe ( i/jrp/ ewr-p or /jrp/ yur-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's
seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula ofEurasia, Europe is
generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus
Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and BlackSeas, and the waterways connecting
the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north,
the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea
and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europea concept
dating
back
to classical
antiquityare
somewhat
arbitrary,
as
the
primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about
10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about
6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest
by both area and population, taking up 40% of the continent (although the country has
territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the
third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million or
about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a
predominant role in global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the
beginning of colonialism. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European nations
controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania, and large portions of
Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%. [17] Both World
Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western
European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United
States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided
along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and theWarsaw Pact in the
east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and
the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward
since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag
Name
Capital
Mariehamn
Autonomous
land Islands
of Finland (recognized
international treaty)
Currency
region
Euro
by
Official
language
Swedish
Albania
Tirana
Lek
Albanian
Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Euro
Catalan
Austria
Vienna
Euro
German
Belarus
Minsk
Belarusian
ruble
Belarusian
Russian
Euro
Dutch
French
German
Belgium
Brussels
Bosnia and
Sarajevo
Herzegovina
Bosnian
Convertible
Croatian
mark
Serbian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Bulgaria
Sofia
Lev
Bulgarian
Croatia
Zagreb
Kuna
Croatian
Czech
Republic
Prague
Czech
koruna
Czech
Denmark
Copenhagen
Danish
krone[a]
Danish
Estonia
Tallinn
Euro
Estonian
Faroese
krna
Faroese
Danish
Trshavn
Faroe Islands Self-governing
territory
the Danish Realm
of
Finland
Helsinki
Euro
Finnish
Swedish
France
Paris
Euro
CFP franc
French
Germany
Berlin
Euro
German
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United
pound
Kingdom
English
Greece
Athens
Greek
Guernsey
Saint
Peter
British Crown dependency
Hungary
Budapest
Forint
Hungarian
Iceland
Reykjavk
Icelandic
krna
Icelandic
Ireland
Dublin
Euro
English
Euro
Port Pound
sterling
English
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Irish
Isle of Man
Douglas
British Crown dependency
Pound
sterling
English
Manx
Italy
Rome
Euro
Italian
Jersey
Saint
British Crown dependency
Kosovo
Pristina
De
facto sovereign
state
recognized by over 80 UN
member
states
Euro
A United
Nations mandate in Serbian territo
ry was put in place starting in
1999.
Albanian
Serbian
Latvia
Ryga
Latvian
Helier Pound
sterling
Euro
English
French
Liechtenstei
Vaduz
n
Lithuania
Euro
Lithuanian
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Euro
Luxembourgis
h
French
German
Macedonia
Skopje
Macedonian
Macedonian
denar
Malta
Valletta
Euro
Maltese
English
Moldova
Chiinu
Moldovan
leu
Moldovan
Vilnius
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Monaco
Monaco
Euro
French
Montenegro Podgorica
Euro
Montenegrin
Netherlands Amsterdam
Euro
US
dollar
NA guilder Dutch
Aruban
florin
Norway
Oslo
Norwegian
krone
Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk
Poland
Warsaw
Zoty
Polish
Portugal
Lisbon
Euro
Portuguese
Romania
Bucharest
Romanian
leu
Romanian
Russia
Moscow
Russian
ruble
Russian
27 others coofficial
San Marino
San Marino
Euro
Italian
Serbia
Belgrade
Serbian
dinar
Serbian
Slovakia
Bratislava
Euro
Slovak
Slovenia
Ljubljana
Euro
Slovene
Euro
Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque
Spain
Madrid
Flag
Capital
Svalbard
Longyearbyen
Special
of Norway (recognized
international treaty)
Sweden
Stockholm
Swedish
krona
Bern
German
French
Swiss franc
Italian
Romansh
Switzerland
Currency
Official
language
Name
territory Norwegian
by krone
Norwegian
Swedish
Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
Russian
Transnistria
Transnistria general international recognition
Moldovan
n ruble
Recognized
by United
Ukrainian
Nations as de jure part of Moldova
Ukraine
Kiev
Ukrainian
hryvnia
Ukrainian
United
Kingdom
London
Pound
sterling
English
Euro
Italian
North America
North America
Cyprus.
Area
Population
Pop.
density
Countries
23 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Currency
Official
language
Name
Capital
Anguilla
The
Valley East Caribbean English
Overseas territory of the
Flag
Name
Antigua
Barbuda
and
Official
language
Capital
Currency
United Kingdom
Dollar
St. John's
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Aruba
Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Aruban florin
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Bahamas
Nassau
Bahamian
Dollar
English
Barbados
Bridgetown
Barbadian
Dollar
English
Belize
Belmopan
Belize Dollar
English
Bermuda
Hamilton
Bermudian
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom
English
Bonaire
Kralendijk
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
Dutch
British
Islands
Virgin
Road
Town
United
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom
States
States
English
French
English
Canada
Ottawa
Cayman Islands
George
Town
Cayman Islands
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom
uninhabited
Clipperton Island Overseas
France
Costa Rica
San Jos
Canadian Dollar
Papiamento
Dutch
territory
of Euro
Costa
French
Rican Spanish
Flag
Name
Capital
Official
language
Currency
colon
Cuba
Havana
Cuban peso
Curaao
Willemstad
Netherlands
Papiamento
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder Dutch
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Dominica
Roseau
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Dominican
Republic
Santo Domingo
El Salvador
San Salvador
United
Dollar
Greenland
Nuuk
Self-governing territory of Danish Krone
the Danish Realm
Grenada
St. George's
Guadeloupe
Basse-Terre
Overseas department
France
Guatemala
Guatemala City
Guatemalan
quetzal
Spanish
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Haitian gourde
French
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
Honduran
lempira
Spanish
Jamaica
Kingston
Martinique
Fort-de-France
Overseas department
France
States
Spanish
Spanish
Greenlandic
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
of Euro
of Euro
French
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Mexico
Mexico City
Mexican peso
Spanish
Montserrat
Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat
of
East Caribbean
government)
English
Dollar
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Navassa Island
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America
Nicaragua
Managua
Nicaraguan
cordoba
Panama
Panama City
United
States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian
balboa
Puerto Rico
San
Juan
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America
Saba
The
Bottom
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
States
English
Spanish
States English
Spanish
States
Gustavia
Saint Barthlemy Overseas
collectivity of France
Euro
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Saint Lucia
Castries
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Saint Martin
Marigot
Overseas
collectivity of France
Euro
French
French
Flag
Currency
Official
language
Saint-Pierre
Saint Pierre and
Overseas
Miquelon
collectivity of France
Euro
French
Saint
Vincent
and
the Kingstown
Grenadines
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Name
Capital
Sint Eustatius
Oranjestad
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
Sint Maarten
Philipsburg
Netherlands
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Trinidad
Tobago
and
Port of Spain
Trinidad
and
English
Tobago Dollar
Cockburn
Town
Turks and Caicos
United
Overseas territory of the
Islands
Dollar
United Kingdom
United States
Washington, D.C.
United
Dollar
Charlotte
Amalie
United
States
United
Insular area of the United
Virgin Islands
Dollar
States of America
South America
South America
States
States
States
States
English
many
English
Area
17,840,000 km2
(6,890,000 sq mi)
Population
Pop. density
Countries
12 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in
the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20]
[21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic
Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by
twelve
sovereign
states
- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surina
me,Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region
of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this,
the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as
well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean
Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known
as Caribbean South America.
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Peso
Spanish
Bolivia
Sucre (official)
La
Paz (seat
government)
of Boliviano
Spanish
Quechua
Aymara
Brazil
Braslia
Real
Portuguese
Chile
Santiago
Peso
Spanish
Colombia
Bogot
Peso
Spanish
Ecuador
Quito
United
dollar
Falkland
Islands
Stanley
Falkland
Overseas territory of the
pound
United Kingdom
French
Guiana
Cayenne
Overseas
France
Guyana
Georgetown
Guyanese dollar
English
Paraguay
Asuncin
Guaran
Spanish
Guaran
Peru
Lima
Nuevo sol
Spanish
department
States
Islands
of Euro
Spanish
English
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Suriname
Paramaribo
Surinamese
dollar
Dutch
Uruguay
Montevideo
Uruguayan peso
Spanish
Venezuela
Caracas
Bolvar fuerte
Spanish
Oceania
Oceania
Geopolitical Oceania
Area
8,560,000 km2
(3,310,000 sq mi)
Population
Pop. density
Countries
14 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Name
Capital
Currency
American
Samoa
Pago
Pago
Insular area of the United United States dollar
States of America
Ashmore and
Cartier
Islands
External
territory
of
Australia
Australia
Australian dollar
Canberra
Baker Island
Official
language
English
Samoan
None[c]
Avarua
Self-governing
English
New Zealand dollar
Cook Islands parliamentary democracy in
Cook Islands
Cook Islands dollar
free association with New
Mori
Zealand
Coral
Islands
Fiji
Sea
External territory of
Australia
Suva
Fijian dollar
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
French
Polynesia
Papeete
Overseas
collectivity of France
CFP Franc
French
Hagta
Jarvis Island
Johnston
Atoll
Kingman
Reef
Kiribati
South Tarawa
Marshall
Islands
Majuro
Micronesia
Palikir
Guam
Howland
Island
Midway Atoll
Nauru
New
Caledonia
Nouma
Sui
generis
CFP Franc
collectivity (special
collectivity) ofFrance
French
Flag
Currency
Official
language
Maori
New Zealand
Sign
English
Niue
Alofi
Self-governing
parliamentary
democracy in free
association with New
Zealand
Norfolk
Island
Kingston
Self-governing
territory of Australia
Northern
Mariana
Islands
Saipan
Palau
Ngerulmud
Name
Capital
Palmyra Atoll
Papua New
Port Moresby
Guinea
Pitcairn
Islands
Adamstown
Overseas territory of
the United Kingdom
Samoa
Apia
Solomon
Islands
Honiara
Tokelau
Nukunonu (main
settlement, although each Dependent territory
atoll
has
its
own of New Zealand
administrative centre)
Flag
Name
Capital
Tonga
Nukualofa
Tuvalu
Funafuti
Currency
Official
language
Vanuatu vatu
Bislama
French
English
Vanuatu
Port Vila
Wake Island
Wallis
Futuna
Mata-Utu
Overseas
collectivity of France
and
CFP Franc
French
Antarctica
Antarctica
comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is
covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the
highest average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with
annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.
[36]
The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are no
permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside
throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only coldadapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for
examplemites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants,
and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to
antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have
occurred
in
1820
by
the Russian
expedition of Fabian
Gottlieb
von
Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok andMirny. The continent, however,
remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile
environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959
by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military
activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal,
supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing
experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and
ice shelves south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However,
the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:
Chile: Antrtica
Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:
Flag
Name
Capital
Bouvet Island
Dependent
territory
of
Norway
French
Southern
Territories
Currency
Official
Language
Heard
Island
and McDonald
Islands
External
territory
of
Australia
South Georgia
King
Edward
Point
and the South
Pound
Overseas territory of the United
Sandwich
sterling
Kingdom
Islands
French
English
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent,
displayed with their respective national flags and capitals, and including their
respective currencies and native languages.
This list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into
adjacent continents. The continents are:
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
South America
Australasia (a geopolitical region, which includes the continent of
Australia and the Pacific Islands)
Antarctica
In other models, Asia and Europe can be combined as Eurasia, while North and South
America can be combined as the Americas (for a detailed description of how the
world is divided into continents, including different models, see here).
There are sovereign states and dependent territories that can be considered to belong
to more than one continent, according to geographical, political, or historical criteria.
Contents
1 Africa
2 Asia
3 Europe
4 North America
5 South America
6 Oceania
7 Antarctica
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Africa
Africa
Area
Population
Pop. density
Countries
57 (list of countries)
Languages
Languages of Africa
Time zones
UTC-1 to UTC+4
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about
30.2 million km (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent
of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4 percent of the total land area. [2] With 1.0
billion people (as of 2009, see table), it accounts for about 15% of the world's human
population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both
the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian
Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent
includesMadagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54 fully recognized sovereign
states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited recognition.[3]
Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin
of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the
earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later ones that have been dated to
around seven million years ago includingSahelanthropus
tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H.
ergaster with the earliest Homo sapiens(modern human) found in Ethiopia being
dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the equator and encompasses
numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the
northern temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic
growth rate is at about 5.0% for 2010 and 5.5% in 2011.[6]
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Algeria
Algiers
Dinar
Arabic
Angola
Luanda
Kwanza
Portuguese
Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Botswana
Gaborone
Pula
English
Setswana
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou
CFA franc
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Burundi
Bujumbura
Burundian
franc
Kirundi
French
Cameroon
Yaound
CFA franc
French
English
Cape Verde
Praia
Cape
Verdean
escudo
Portuguese
Central
African
Republic
Bangui
CFA franc
French
Sango
Chad
N'Djamena
CFA franc
French
Arabic
Moroni
Comorian
franc
Comorian
Arabic
French
Congo (CongoBrazzaville
Brazzaville)
CFA franc
French
Cte
d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)
CFA franc
French
Comoros
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)
Flag
Currency
Official
language
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Kinshasa
Congo(CongoKinshasa)
Congolese
franc
French
Djibouti
Djibouti
Djiboutian
franc
French
Arabic
Egypt
Cairo
Egyptian
pound
Arabic
Malabo
Equatorial
Guinean
peseta
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Name
Equatorial
Guinea
Capital
Eritrea
Asmara
Tallero
Tigrinya
Arabic
English
Ethiopia
Addis Ababa
Birr
Amharic
Gabon
Libreville
CFA franc
French
Gambia
Banjul
Gambian
dalasi
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Ghana
Accra
Guinea
Conakry
Guinean
franc
French
Guinea-Bissau Bissau
CFA franc
Portuguese
Kenya
Nairobi
Kenyan
shilling
Swahili
English
Lesotho
Maseru
Lesotho loti
English
Sesotho
Liberia
Monrovia
Liberian
dollar
English
Libya
Tripoli
Dinar
Arabic
Madagascar
Antananarivo
Malagasy
ariary
Malagasy
French
Malawi
Lilongwe
Kwacha
English
Chichewa
Mali
Bamako
CFA franc
French
Flag
Name
Mauritania
Capital
Nouakchott
Currency
Official
language
Ouguiya
Arabic
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mauritian
rupee
Mauritian
Creole
French
English
Mayotte
Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Morocco
Rabat
Moroccan
dirham
Arabic
Berber
Mozambique
Maputo
Mozambican
Portuguese
metical
Namibia
Windhoek
Namibian
dollar
English
Niger
Niamey
CFA franc
French
Nigeria
Abuja
Naira
English
Runion
Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Rwandan
franc
Kinyarwanda
English
French
Rwanda
Kigali
Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan
da
Cunha
Saint
Jamestown (Saint
Helena)
Helena
Georgetown (Ascension
Island)
pound
Edinburgh
of
the
Seven
Pound
Seas (Tristan da Cunha)
sterling
English
Dobra
Portuguese
Senegal
CFA franc
French
Dakar
Seychelles
Victoria
Seychellois
rupee
Seychellois
Creole
French
English
Sierra Leone
Freetown
Leone
English
Somalia
Mogadishu
Somali
shilling
Somali
Arabic
Somaliland
Hargeisa
Somaliland
shilling
Somali
Arabic
Flag
Name
South Africa
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Afrikaans
English
Southern
Ndebele
Northern
Sotho
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
South
Southern
Cape
Town (legislative)
African rand Sotho
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
South Sudan
Juba
South
Sudanese
pound
Sudan
Khartoum
Sudanese
pound
Arabic
English
Swaziland
Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Lilangeni
English
Swati
Tanzania
Dodoma (official)
Dar
es
Salaam (seat
government)
Tanzanian
shilling
Swahili
English
Togo
Lom
CFA franc
French
of
English
Flag
Name
Tunisia
Uganda
Capital
Tunis
Kampala
Currency
Official
language
Tunisian
dinar
Arabic
Ugandan
shilling
Swahili
English
Luganda
None
Western
Sahara
Moroccan
None Disputed
territory dirham
See
between
Morocco and the
Algerian
respective
Sahrawi
Arab
Democratic dinar
claimants
Republic
Mauritanian
ouguiya
Zambia
Lusaka
Zimbabwe
Harare
Zambian
kwacha
English
various
English
Shona
Sindebele
Asia
Asia
Area
Population
5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]
Pop. density
Countries
48 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC+2 to UTC+12
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
Asia ( /e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located
primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total
surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with approximately 4.3 billion people, it
hosts 60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th century Asia's
population nearly quadrupled.[9]
i
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is
more a cultural concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than
a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very widely among and within its
regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical
ties and government systems.
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Abkhazia
Sukhumi
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Russian
recognition
ruble
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of Georgia.
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Pashto
Dari (Persian)
Episkopi Cantonment
Euro
English
Greek
Armenia
Yerevan
Dram
Armenian
Azerbaijan [Europe]
Baku
Manat
Azerbaijani
Bahrain
Manama
Bahraini
dinar
Arabic
Bangladesh
Dhaka
Taka
Bengali
Akrotiri
Dhekelia
and
Flag
Name
Bhutan
Capital
Thimphu
Currency
Official language
Bhutanese
ngultrum
Dzongkha
Diego
Garcia
British
Indian
US
dollar
Overseas territory of
English
Ocean Territory
UK pound
the United Kingdom
Brunei
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Riel
Khmer
China
Beijing
Renminbi
(yuan)
Standard Chinese
Christmas Island
Flying
Fish
Cove
Australian
External territory of
dollar
Australia
Cocos
Islands
West
Island
External territory of English
Australia
(Keeling)
English
Cyprus [Europe]
Nicosia
Euro
Greek
Turkish
East
Timor (TimorLeste)
Dili
US Dollar
Portuguese
Tetum
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Lari
Georgian
Georgia [Europe]
Tbilisi
Hong Kong
India
New Delhi
Rupee
Hindi
English
Indonesia
Jakarta
Rupiah
Indonesian
Iran
Tehran
Rial
Persian
Iraq
Baghdad
Iraqi dinar
Kurdish
Arabic
Israel
Jerusalem
Hebrew
New Shekel English
Arabic
Japan
Tokyo
Yen
Japanese
Jordan
Amman
Jordanian
dinar
Arabic
Kazakhstan
Astana
Tenge
Kazakh
Russian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Kurdish
Kurdistan
Erbil
Dinar
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
Kyrgyz
Russian
Laos
Vientiane
Kip
Lao
Lebanon
Beirut
Lebanese
pound
Arabic
Macau
Portuguese
Cantonese
Malaysia
Malaysian
Maldives
Mal
Maldivian
rufiyaa
Maldivian
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
Tgrg
Mongolian
Kyat
Burmese
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
NagornoKarabakh
Stepanakert
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Armenian
recognition
dram
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
ofAzerbaijan
Nepal
Kathmandu
Nepalese
rupee
Nicosia
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
Northern Cyprus
Turkish lira
recognition
Recognized by United
Nation as de jure part
ofCyprus
Official language
Armenian
Nepali
Turkish
North Korea
Pyongyang
North
Korean
Korean won
Oman
Muscat
Rial
Arabic
Pakistan
Islamabad
Pakistani
Rupee
English
Urdu
Palestine
Ramallah (West
Bank seat
government)
Israeli
of Shekel
Arabic
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Philippines
Manila
Philippine
Peso
Filipino
English
Qatar
Doha
Riyal
Arabic
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Saudi riyal
Arabic
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore
dollar
South Korea
Seoul
South
Korean
Korean won
South Ossetia
Tskhinvali
Russian
De
facto sovereign ruble
state lacking general
international
recognition
Recognized by United
Nations as de jure part
Ossetic
Georgian
Russian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
ofGeorgia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Damascus
Taiwan
Taipei
De
facto sovereign
state lacking general
international
New Taiwan
Standard Chinese
recognition
dollar
Recognized by United
Nations as
part
of China.
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
Somoni
Tajik
Thailand
Bangkok
Baht
Thai
Turkey [Europe]
Ankara
Turkish lira
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Turkmen
new manat
Turkmen
United
Emirates
Abu Dhabi
Arab
Syrian
pound
Arabic
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Uzbekistan
som
Uzbek
(O'zbekiston
so'mi)
Vietnam
Hanoi
ng
Vietnamese
Yemen
Sana'a
Yemeni rial
Arabic
Tagalog
Notes
1. The Russian Federation is classified as a European country by the United Nations Statistics
Division. Russia is historically the successor of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a medieval
state of northeastern Europe. The Russian conquest of Northern Asia begins in the late 16th
century. Today, most of the territory of Russia is in Asia, but most of its population lives in the
European part.
Europe
Europe
Area
Population
Pop. density
72.5/km2
Countries
50 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC to UTC+6
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical
data such as area, population, and population density, seehere.
Europe ( /jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's
seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula ofEurasia, Europe is
generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus
Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and BlackSeas, and the waterways connecting
the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north,
the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea
and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europea concept
dating back to classical antiquityare somewhat arbitrary, as the
primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and
political elements.
i
Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western
European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United
States and Soviet Union took prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was
divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and theWarsaw Pact in the
east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe and
the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward
since the revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag
Name
Capital
Mariehamn
Autonomous
land Islands
of Finland (recognized
international treaty)
Currency
region
Euro
by
Official
language
Swedish
Albania
Tirana
Lek
Albanian
Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Euro
Catalan
Austria
Vienna
Euro
German
Belarus
Minsk
Belarusian
ruble
Belarusian
Russian
Euro
Dutch
French
German
Belgium
Brussels
Convertible Bosnian
mark
Croatian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Serbian
Bulgaria
Sofia
Lev
Bulgarian
Croatia
Zagreb
Kuna
Croatian
Czech
Republic
Prague
Czech
koruna
Czech
Denmark
Copenhagen
Danish
krone[a]
Danish
Estonia
Tallinn
Euro
Estonian
Faroese
krna
Faroese
Danish
Trshavn
Faroe Islands Self-governing
territory
the Danish Realm
of
Finland
Helsinki
Euro
Finnish
Swedish
France
Paris
Euro
CFP franc
French
Germany
Berlin
Euro
German
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United
pound
Kingdom
English
Greece
Athens
Greek
Guernsey
Saint
Peter
British Crown dependency
Hungary
Budapest
Forint
Hungarian
Iceland
Reykjavk
Icelandic
krna
Icelandic
Euro
Port Pound
sterling
English
French
English
Ireland
Dublin
Euro
Irish
Isle of Man
Douglas
British Crown dependency
Pound
sterling
English
Manx
Italy
Rome
Euro
Italian
Jersey
Saint
British Crown dependency
Kosovo
Helier Pound
sterling
Pristina
Euro
De
facto sovereign
state
recognized by over 80 UN
member
states
A United
English
French
Albanian
Serbian
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Ryga
Euro
Latvian
Liechtenstei
Vaduz
n
Lithuania
Euro
Lithuanian
Luxembourg Luxembourg
Euro
Luxembourgis
h
French
German
Macedonia
Skopje
Macedonian
Macedonian
denar
Malta
Valletta
Euro
Maltese
English
Moldova
Chiinu
Moldovan
leu
Moldovan
Monaco
Monaco
Euro
French
Montenegro Podgorica
Euro
Montenegrin
Netherlands Amsterdam
Euro
US
dollar
NA guilder Dutch
Aruban
florin
Norway
Norwegian
krone
Vilnius
Oslo
Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Poland
Warsaw
Zoty
Polish
Portugal
Lisbon
Euro
Portuguese
Romania
Bucharest
Romanian
leu
Romanian
Russia
Moscow
Russian
ruble
Russian
27 others coofficial
San Marino
San Marino
Euro
Italian
Serbia
Belgrade
Serbian
dinar
Serbian
Slovakia
Bratislava
Euro
Slovak
Slovenia
Ljubljana
Euro
Slovene
Euro
Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque
Spain
Madrid
Svalbard
Longyearbyen
Special
of Norway (recognized
international treaty)
Sweden
Stockholm
Swedish
krona
Bern
German
French
Swiss franc
Italian
Romansh
Switzerland
territory Norwegian
by krone
Norwegian
Swedish
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking
Russian
Transnistria
Transnistria general international recognition
Moldovan
n ruble
Recognized
by United
Ukrainian
Nations as de jure part of Moldova
Ukraine
Kiev
Ukrainian
hryvnia
Ukrainian
United
Kingdom
London
Pound
sterling
English
Euro
Italian
Notes
1.
Cyprus.
North America
North America
Area
Population
Pop. density
Countries
23 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-10 to UTC
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost
wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a
northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the north by the Arctic
Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean,
and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000
square miles), about 4.8% of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of
July 2008, its population was estimated at nearly 529 million people across 23
independent states. North America is the third-largest continent in area,
following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Flag
Name
Capital
Official
language
The
Valley
East Caribbean
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom
Anguilla
Antigua
Barbuda
Currency
and
St. John's
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Aruba
Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Aruban florin
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Bahamas
Nassau
Bahamian
Dollar
English
Barbados
Bridgetown
Barbadian
Dollar
English
Belize
Belmopan
Belize Dollar
English
Bermuda
Hamilton
Bermudian
Overseas territory of the
Dollar
United Kingdom
English
Bonaire
Kralendijk
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
Dutch
British
Virgin Road
Town United
Overseas territory of the
States
Papiamento
Dutch
States English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Islands
United Kingdom
Dollar
Canada
Ottawa
Canadian Dollar
Cayman Islands
George
Town
Cayman Islands
Overseas territory of the
English
Dollar
United Kingdom
uninhabited
Clipperton Island Overseas
France
territory
of Euro
French
English
French
Costa Rica
San Jos
Costa
colon
Rican
Cuba
Havana
Cuban peso
Curaao
Willemstad
Netherlands
Papiamento
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder Dutch
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Dominica
Roseau
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Dominican
Republic
Santo Domingo
Spanish
Spanish
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
United
Dollar
States
Official
language
El Salvador
San Salvador
Spanish
Greenland
Nuuk
Self-governing territory of Danish Krone
the Danish Realm
Grenada
St. George's
Guadeloupe
Basse-Terre
Overseas department
France
Guatemala
Guatemala City
Guatemalan
quetzal
Spanish
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Haitian gourde
French
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
Honduran
lempira
Spanish
Jamaica
Kingston
Martinique
Fort-de-France
Overseas department
France
Greenlandic
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
of Euro
of Euro
French
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Mexico
Mexico City
Montserrat
Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat
of
East Caribbean
government)
English
Dollar
Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Navassa Island
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America
Nicaragua
Managua
Nicaraguan
cordoba
Panama
Panama City
United
States
Dollar
Spanish
Panamanian
balboa
Puerto Rico
San
Juan
United
Insular area of the United
Dollar
States of America
Saba
The
Bottom
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
Mexican peso
Official
language
Euro
States
Spanish
English
Spanish
States English
Spanish
States
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
collectivity of France
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Saint Lucia
Castries
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Saint Martin
Marigot
Overseas
collectivity of France
Euro
French
Saint-Pierre
Saint Pierre and
Overseas
Miquelon
collectivity of France
Euro
French
Saint
Vincent
and
the Kingstown
Grenadines
East Caribbean
English
Dollar
Sint Eustatius
Oranjestad
United
Special municipality of the
Dollar
Netherlands
Sint Maarten
Philipsburg
Netherlands
Constituent country of the
Antillean guilder
Kingdom of the Netherlands
States
Flag
Name
Trinidad
Tobago
Capital
and
Port of Spain
Currency
Trinidad
and
English
Tobago Dollar
Cockburn
Town
Turks and Caicos
United
Overseas territory of the
Islands
Dollar
United Kingdom
United States
Washington, D.C.
Official
language
United
Dollar
Charlotte
Amalie
United
States
United
Insular area of the United
Virgin Islands
Dollar
States of America
States
States
States
English
many
English
South America
South America
Area
17,840,000 km2
(6,890,000 sq mi)
Population
Pop. density
Countries
12 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with
geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in
the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
[20][21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by
the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is
formed by twelve sovereign states
- Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suri
name,Uruguay, and Venezuela - the French Guiana, which is an overseas region
of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this,
the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America, as
well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean
Sea Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known
as Caribbean South America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi).
Its population as of 2005 has been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South
America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in
population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).The word America was
coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann,
after Amerigo Vespucci, who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly
discovered by Europeans were not India, but a New World unknown to Europeans.
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Bolivia
Sucre (official)
La
Paz (seat
government)
Brazil
Braslia
Real
Portuguese
Chile
Santiago
Peso
Spanish
Colombia
Bogot
Peso
Spanish
Ecuador
Quito
United
dollar
Falkland
Islands
Stanley
Falkland
Overseas territory of the
pound
United Kingdom
French
Guiana
Cayenne
Overseas
France
Guyana
Georgetown
department
Peso
Spanish
of Boliviano
Spanish
Quechua
Aymara
States
Islands
of Euro
Guyanese dollar
Spanish
English
French
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Paraguay
Asuncin
Guaran
Spanish
Guaran
Peru
Lima
Nuevo sol
Spanish
Suriname
Paramaribo
Surinamese
dollar
Dutch
Uruguay
Montevideo
Uruguayan peso
Spanish
Venezuela
Caracas
Bolvar fuerte
Spanish
Oceania
Oceania
Geopolitical Oceania
Area
8,560,000 km2
(3,310,000 sq mi)
Population
Pop. density
Countries
14 (list of countries)
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
Flag
Name
American
Samoa
Capital
Currency
Pago
Pago
Insular area of the United United States dollar
States of America
Official
language
English
Samoan
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Ashmore and
Cartier
Islands
External
territory
of
Australia
Australia
Australian dollar
Canberra
Baker Island
Official
language
None[c]
Avarua
Self-governing
English
New Zealand dollar
Cook Islands parliamentary democracy in
Cook Islands
Cook Islands dollar
free association with New
Mori
Zealand
Coral
Islands
Sea
External territory of
Australia
Fiji
Suva
Fijian dollar
French
Polynesia
Papeete
Overseas
collectivity of France
CFP Franc
Guam
Hagta
French
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
America
Jarvis Island
Johnston
Atoll
Kingman
Reef
Kiribati
South Tarawa
Marshall
Islands
Majuro
Micronesia
Palikir
Howland
Island
Midway Atoll
Official
language
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Nauru
New
Caledonia
Nouma
Sui
generis
CFP Franc
collectivity (special
collectivity) ofFrance
Niue
Alofi
Self-governing
parliamentary
democracy in free
association with New
Zealand
Norfolk
Island
Kingston
Self-governing
territory of Australia
Northern
Mariana
Islands
Saipan
Palau
Ngerulmud
Palmyra Atoll
Official
language
French
Maori
New Zealand
Sign
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
America
Papua New
Port Moresby
Guinea
Pitcairn
Islands
Adamstown
Overseas territory of
the United Kingdom
Samoa
Apia
Solomon
Islands
Honiara
Tokelau
Nukunonu (main
settlement, although each Dependent territory
atoll
has
its
own of New Zealand
administrative centre)
Tonga
Nukualofa
Tuvalu
Funafuti
Vanuatu
Port Vila
Vanuatu vatu
Wake Island
Bislama
French
English
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
States of America
Wallis
Futuna
and
Mata-Utu
Overseas
collectivity of France
CFP Franc
French
Antarctica
Antarctica
Area
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the
highest average elevation of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert,
with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less
inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C (129 F). There are no
permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside
throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only coldadapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for
examplemites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants,
and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back
to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to
have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von
Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok andMirny. The continent, however,
remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile
environment, lack of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in
1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits
military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste
disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing
experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and
ice shelves south of 60S, and has no government and belongs to no country.
However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:
Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)
Chile: Antrtica
France: Adlie Land
New Zealand: Ross Dependency
Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)
Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic
Region:
Flag
Name
Capital
Bouvet Island
Dependent
territory
of
Norway
French
Southern
Territories
Currency
Official
Language
Heard
Island
and McDonald
Islands
External
territory
of
Australia
South Georgia
King
Edward
Point
and the South
Pound
Overseas territory of the United
Sandwich
sterling
Kingdom
Islands
French
English