I

46

in the west against the Turks. At the time of the Battte of Marica, he
wls tocatea iri trre West, at the end of his ultimately unsuccessful atiempt to put his plans inio effect through direct contact with the Latins.
b-"ri"g tfru Emp6ror's absence, his son Andronikos had control of the
Thessalonica. Andro;6idi n"a rri, other son Manuel had control of
,riiiorr i,trnea a deaf ear to Ugljeia's appeal for help against-the Turks,
Manuel saved his
;;; i" ;i, father's cry to be-liberated from Venice.
i;1h";, and took advaniage of the Serbian defeat on the Marica to expand
his land to the Serres, Iiglje5a's recent capital. This ambivalence in the
Andronikos' coup d'6tats in
iiyr*ii"" policy increaset" at the time oiprotectors
and the periodica)
ifzO-rgzs. The Turks, as his
iSzS
""a of the legitimate ruler, becamc operrly involved in Byzantine
protectors
lii"i*,-*fri.it *"r ifi the easier since the Emperor was forced to fulfil

fris lraisat obligations towards the Emir, Murad. The Emperor complet-ely
hel_p from the West was more distort irl, reputaiion, and the presumed
iver behore. The ^Turks took Gallipoli once qgain and moved
i""t ifr""
-."pit"f
to Adrianoupolis (Edirne). The only possible ba.stion. of reiir"i"
by his aprirtrn""'- Manuel's reign in Thessalonica - was_ disparaged
to Constantinople at
p"i"i-""t as heir to th-e throne and his removal
War (1379-1381)
;;; 6;;i;"i"g of this period. The so-called Tenedos
forced to acwas
even
V
John
Emperor
and
hour
ae"oi"f; the f,arkest
his heir. Disapp_oink;;;l"dg; his eternally rebellious ion Andro'ikos as
i"J if,f""i"f p.""ti""ity"aeserted and re-established his authority in Thes-

Epiros)_ acknow;"lo"i.;. paits of the Byzantine Empire (Thessalonica,

waged
i&;J hi- ", their ruG"r and he, inde.pendent of Constantinople,
evacuation of

It was only with his forced

the battlefield"in lSSi that the war reached an end, and Murad finally
h; ; unobstructed path for his great expedition against Serbia'

his"own war against the Turks.

ltdc CCCLXXVIII

Cpncr<e axade,nuje HaAKa u AfterHocru,

ucropujcrcttx rtdAaa, r;tb. I
1996.
Glas CCCLXXVIII de I'Acaddmie serbe des sciences et des orts,
Classe des sciences historiques, "Ae I
1996

Jb. MaKctMoBnh

Ode,1,er+,e

1r
.

..:

C}TMA M. SfiPKOB'IB

KOCOBCKA EyITKA

y MEByHAPOIHOM

KOHTEKCTy

Har<o uuclro gaAoBoJbHH oHr.iM rrrro 3HaMo, HIIaK He 6ucllo cMeJIu

Aa y IrCT.PaDKnBarby CpnCKe 'flpolurocTur Hrzje 5r.nro r4HTspecoBarra 3a oKoJrlr'ocrlr y rojunra je ,4pruno go ,6r-rrne qa Kooony, 3a Meliynrapogne oAgoce H gr.ffrno{MarcKe 3arurere, nojra cy joj rrpeixoAr.r,'u{.
8eh ron JosarHa Pajmha, y rrpBoM orrurrrl]HoM r.r Halrq,Ho lrreMeJbeHoM
nprrKasy Kocoecrce 6arre, HsJro)KeHo je naeaoar+e Kacrrrifix rypcK]D( H3-

Aa

TBp,qLIMO

Bopa, Koje

je Pajuh rrosHaBao

saxeareyjyhu Jrarr,rHcr(HM npeBoA{{Ma, o

ToMe KaKo ce Mypar cnpeMao nporr.rB HqfiocryruHr{x Ba3aJra. Os uua

rroce6uo rroilIaeJbe ,,O acT rr'rrneuajq Tlprcoa a Cep6nr.rjy".t Opa,rro Pa.ryu
je y onojoj vyoenoj 6ecegu-cry4uj'rl o Koconcnonr 6ojy ,,yr3por(e r,r rrocrreiltare" ctasuo V noAuacJroB Kao 6arrne raqre nporpaMa cnojra< llcrpa,KHBaI6a x4 oBoj,oKH ce rpyAao Aa peKoucrpynrrre o[Jrer noJrrirrrrtrnax
oqrrroca !r ,q,erIeH'r{jar{a noje mperxo"rre cyAapy ua Kocony.2 H Pyaapaq,
Kosaqesnh u r<acHaju fiuc;J+ rcojn cy ce 6asunu Kocoscxou 6urnou3
HanpeSaJI{I cy ce Malse HJrII B}rrrre oKo ,,r.rHTel}Ha,r;uoualue" unlr uebyEprKaBHe nosaArirHe, a\H ce, EnaK, He 6r,r cuero rBpALrrH Aa HaM je oua
DacBerJLeHa

!I Aa cMo y cralby 4a

ns4nojrlrlro, r4lvt Aa HaBeAeMo

cBe

cneuu,6u.aHe Mo'rrzBe u paero,re rco;il 611 6mz>xe o6.iacrrunlr saurro je

Ao 'FeJrr4r{or cyno6a Aorrno 6au y parrnoj ce3oH,u 1389. u orr(yAa ro ,qa
1

J. Pajzh, lIcropua,

pdsrl,l,lx'b cnaBeHacuxt uapodoe'a H(runare Eoazap, Xop-

III, Ee.r 1794, 25-38, o cauoj 6Nr4ra: 38-72. Yn. caAa r.r: A.
Bece:lNnorrh, Kocoscrca 6urxa g ,Icrogju loeaxa Pajuftd, KocoBcKa 6rrxa y NcroprorpaQlrjr.r, S6opxrr paAoBa llcroprjcror r{rrcrr4Tyra 11, EeorpaA 1990, 59-69.
2 C. Radki, Boj na Kosouu. Uzroci i posljedice, Rad JAZU 97 (1989) 1-68;
fipeurraMflaHo y: Eoj na KocoBa - crapuja u uoeuja co3Aalsa, peA. P. Mzxa;rvrh,
Eeorpag 1992, 36f---426. Vn. w C. tnpKoBrh, Eeceda cDpa*e Pl.+noz cro zoduua
rcaatuje, Kocogcxa 6rrxa y racropr,lorpa+nit4, 7l-76.
3 lI. Pysaparl O xuesg JIaeapy, [pelrrraMrraHo Ns ,,Ctpar<wroea", Hosn CaA
craTruia u xoauia co37ra1$4, I7188?. 1--425; EperrrraMnago y: Boj na Kocoag
Io,qnullzr{a Hl4Kore r{yntrha
Jb. Koaa'reauh, BaK Bpanroeuh (1372-1398),
-287.
10 (1888) 215-301; npelrrraMrraHo yi EoiHaKocoBA-craryiduuoeujacasuanta,29T(na crp. 353-357 Aorryxe P. Muxa,a'lrha o HoBttjr4M r{crpa)Kl4Ba}5t4na)- Ilogarxe
-352
o xacHrjoj JnlTeparyptr npyxcajy gea s6opnrra paAoBa IIt{Tt4paEa y rrperxoA}r,{M
aaroa'b

Cep6oa [. . .]

EEIIOMEHAMA.

FI

,l

C. M. tsrpxoarh

50

ce Ha KocoBy noyl,y Haby 5aul oHe 3apaherHe crpaHe o Kojr4Ma noHsurro

rI3 n3Bopa 3HaMO.

Hajneha reluKoha 14 rrperpeKa y Hainopr'IMa Aa ce norrlyHllie s

rpeqrH,r{je 1'rnsnajy ,,\Bpoq;" !.ioaoscxe 6uffie na:ragH ce Y [BopHoj
rpabx{, jeg,uuou ocJroLlrrIy 3a cBe Harrre aHaJlr{oe-a pe3orroBarla o oHoMe
urro jibwru nper*opwio r.r crre,qHrc. HaLrMe-, reh y roj IiI3BopHoj rpabu,
qaK H y rr,eHLIM uajcraplzjHlr AeJIoBlMa, HaJIa3e ce Voflrrrrena Ir HeoApe-

bena rnpbena, ua r<roja ce oclanajy HeaAeKBarrlH rxcrpa)KHBaqICIT oAIOBOIX{; YMeCTO KOHIqpeTHmK OKOJIHOCTI'I HaJIa3ItMO LI HaBOAI'MO OfllIITe
paoJrore
u jour omrrtlrje HeorD(oAHe ycJroBe.
'
Y uosuaroM nucMy Kpadba T,np'rra I TporupanuMa o,q 1. aarycra
1389.. xaxte ce Aa je rypcKrr 4ap rrorn{Hrfi{o Muore oKoirHe 3e]\'ube a Ao'

y reKcry rznan croju ,,naruux") rpaHLIIIa KaA

My ce Kpuub c!'nporcr.aBao .I-r naA ia ie no6eguo.a Cnunrso roeopu u .{'aurho IIiy |l2bernou c/to6y o x'Hary Jla:apy rasnan<yhr'r Kalto je Auopar
ycrao H noaojeeao, y3eo cBe nPqKe 3eMrse H rroAJIo)ItHo He MaJro IacroqHuD( crpaHa, Kao H MHore 3eM'Jbe Koie nplana{qajy 3a,nagy' raro je lrHore
rlapeBe rr caMogp{Irnqe norr{Hul{o H IToKopEo nog cnojy pylcy. Eno je .u4rueM rrucqy HaJTHK Ha AfrerccarrApa MalcegorrcKor, H oH, TaKaB ocnajav,
vc:IlPeMr.Io ce Kao ,,cBLq)e[H [aB" c BeJTHI(oM CLIJIOM U nO6eqonr Ha q)n'
crb senrirre. 36or lora Je rnee Jlasap ycrao ga ce 6pa,na.s
Ilonl'napna encKa nwsvrja y nojroj je Kocorncra 6rrna neuaHqBHH

tuao Ao ,,Barrrqx" (lron.qa

cy4ap usnaeby Ocuallnr-rja, roju ce He3aAp)rqrnBo [.u?rpe, u ,Cp6a roja cy

npr-rcurerru ga Spane cnojy selrmy, nuje .nrroA KacHrrjnx pesoHoaar6a I'I
4Or\iEdrrJbdilb?. ona r.r,lla yfloPllure y HajcrapnjllM ctseAoalaHcTBuMa, y
cxBararar{Ma caBpeMeHHKa oee 6urrce.6
rHesoJba Huje y roMe lrrro 6lr raKsa BPcra oAloBopa Ha lrrlTarbe o

je 4ourno go Koco,acne 6u:rxe 6ra,"ra neta.rHa. V oplo rpy'

6alr noreaalta, y3 BeJuI(o cariuMalL,e o,Ha petrpoaynyje ,rJIaBH'I{ ToK Aorabaja. Cnojou neogpebeuoufiy, neb1"rur., raKats oAlro_Bop He noMax(e
Aa caslraMo H pasyMeMo I(aKo cy crnapu reKJre. Haueby rauKor ca,4p'
xaja rarcemc oAroBopa u Harrre EerHKe 3HarJDKe'JLe noc:rojn orpoMaH
jas. Y KpyroBlrMa crpyunarca ro je qo6po rro3nar rrpo6nelt, KojH ce

ToMe KaKo

Kocoscra 6rrra y uebynapoAsou EolrreKcry

5l

rKocoecna 6lnra je Epe.qMer AoBo.rlHo BerHK rr npranaqaH Aa 3acryxtyje reMeJburo npoyr{aBa}Le, [ocMarparbe cacBHM us6rfi736 yg npLIMeHV cBlrx pacnono)Kl{Bux rrHcrpyr'reHara airaJnrse. 9fiHrlJro Mr-r ce ;4a
flocJro cBera nrro je o 6suu ]raru.rcaHo He Mo,)Ke 6r.rru ropllcHo pacnpe.qal6e cTapEx H HoBrlD( yorurrreHlr\ onuca s6Hsarba y ,4yxeM rreprio,Ly.
CsecHo caM ce oApel(ao nocMarpalLa r.ts AarbrrFre rr ,flarrcrby yoMepuo
rlolcrrln{Hsg Ka Lr3BopJ.lMa HacTaJrHlvI HenoopeJHo fipe I,IJIH nocne 6r.rtce,
ysaajyhu ce v ro ,ua hy lro,hr.r, MaKap r.ts nHALrpeKTHrirK rnoAaraKa peKoHcTpyrlrcaTn KoJrlrKo roq, ie uor1fie upe4usHr.rjy rroJraTlrFrKy napry, xoja

MolKe rrocJryrKr-rTH Kao ocHoBa H 3a [oy3Aanr4Je TyMaqer6e r.rSBopa H 3a

3aKJblrqr.rBalse o oAHocHMa Ap)KaBa H Bfla.qapa y KpaTKoM HHTepBany
npe rz uocle 6pnrce.
flpao Ha roj rcaprr-r ulropadro olreblmlr reprropr.rje ca Koje cy peparrrrtrlH rojr.r he yqecrBoBarH y 6.rnru. na Kocooy. O,qanHo
fPYronanu
je noenalo Aa To nr-rje ,,cpncno 4apcrno" nano je naMrl.rrra HapoAHa

rpa4u4uja,7 3axna,myjyhu r(p'HTr-{qKHM r.rcrparKnBatbvrMa oq Py,Baprla, Kosa.{eggha r.r Pa.rnor Ao Harrxax caBpeMeHHKa 3HaMo Aa ro nsje Suna tttt
jegluncraeua cprrcKa I(prKaBa rojoj 6u BJraAap 6Ho Knes Jla:ap. Br.rne cy
To rpn caMocraJrHe, .HarropeAHe AprKa,Be KpaJba Tnprra I, KHe3a Jla:apa
r Byr<a Epannonaha, uuju,roorlogapH Hr4cy 6urn-r jegnarcu y paHry, [rurr.r

cy 6urm y ,HeKoM rpajuonr !r rrBpcroM o,qHocy.E

Ta reprzropuja je 6una cnoxeHa, cacraBJr,eHa oA jearpa neraAarlr[6e Ap)KaBe Heuarrr.rha, 3aralr o[ ,,3elr,:r,e KpaJba ,Cre$ana", Hergarume .{paryrt'rnore o6racru, r<oja je nplrnagala yxapcKr4l,r KpaJbeBaMa
u 6una rrpeAMer crropa cprrcKr.ru( rr VrapcKlnx tsiralqapa y nojeg,unrmr neprroAuMa, u og Eocue y BeoMa npourapenoru o6rlu,y, Tar(o .qa je usy3eB crape geMJbe '6oca,ncxr-rx 6aHosa o6lxrarala u repraropuje [ocrerreH,o oAy3r.IMaHe oA ApxaBe Hel.amnha noqeB on 1326. roglfire. 3axaa.rsyjyhn yrpaBo rHM repuropajalra, roje cy ce npocrupane o4 lfeperne
.qo Eorce Koropcxe, u ceojoj renearrorrKoj nosr-r c Helrarsuh,uua, Tapuco
je Morao va ce 1377. Kpyurrrue ,,cyry6r.ru neuqeu" 3a I(parba ,,Cp6.neu,
EocHu, ,Ilouopjy r.r 3anaqnnu crpaualr", Irrro ra je 4oueno _y rerume

MOIKe nopeAr.ITH ca Heje,qrHanlTtur Pa3MepaMa HJrri npI,IMeHoM pa3HI',IX BpCTa

HHCTpyMeHara y ApY,mrM HayqHr.IM \:gl]CtT:lz,Jirnv:Harra. Ar<o u(q1r-rMo Aa vrroSHaMO Herg:I .[pOAMer AO TaHLrHHa. MOpaMO ra [ocMaTpaTr.r rl36tII,I3a, ycMe-

ca roonoAapr.rMa repuropr.ria H,acTaJIr4x Ha py,IueBHHaMa YpgrueBor

rJapcrBa r.r ruro ra je HanoAuno Aa oceaja w 6pauw 30MJ6e caoj,ux npapoAnreJba ,,,I.ocllo,qe cpncrce", rar<o je rMcao y csoil.I]t nomeJl,alta.e
Kapra oro noje ce rpyAHMo Mopa aMarl{ V B,aAy I.r ocraJre repl,rroplrje ,{yuranoBor H Yporueeor qapcrBa Ii ilrpaKa3arfiz r6ltxoB. nonoxcaj
r.rsrvreby oHax noju cy paroBaJrn ua Kocoay, jep ce He cMe sa6opae;lau.r

cMaTpar6a }r3

---Til"*"e

pr{Blrrr noKr6y rrpeMa csllv noiegu]IocrHMa, onTxehr.r ce o4ronapajyhuru aucrpyues:runra. flpu rolre ce, MaKap nplrnpeMeHo, ry6u noureA
na qeJrr.rHY. onurre KoHType cy ce cacBHM Jreno BrrAerle H IpEJII.IKOM fiOAaJF,r4He.

J. Lucius, De tegno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, Amstelodami i666, 257; G. Fejer,

Coilex' diplomatiars regni Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis X/1, Budae 1834, 566Diplomatitki zbornikkraljeuine Hruatske, Dalmacije i Stauoniie XVII, Zagreb
-567;
1981, 212-213; npeBoA y: EurKa :l.o. KocoeA 1389. zoduue, IieorpaA 1989, 169.
6 B. Bopoerh, Cungax u naxu,no II, cpnctu rutctlu XIV-XV eercc, f;rac CKA
f36 (1929) 88-89. O Caoag yn. S. Tpr.r$ynoewh, Cpna<u cped*oeexoaxu c'n:uar o
lr.ne3y JIa3apU u l(ocoecKo^ 6oig, KpyureBarl 1968, 40-77.
. 0 Ha [pBoM Mecry cy seh qtrtffpaHa ABa L{3aopa y [perxogn]4M HarIoMeItaMa'
a 3arIlM x BehHHa Apyrnx !{3Bopa y xojrua ce cyAap cBoAr{ Ha ABe crpaHe: 'Jla3apa
Mypara. yrr. 36r{pKy r43Bopa y npeBoAy y: Eurra ua Kocoey 1389. zoduue, EeorpaA

't1889, 167-196

(,npupe4uo C. B.r4pKoBHh).

Be3e

rroflrege sa cyA6lrny qapsrBe y apeMe qepa ypoura 14 nocJre rleroBe

cMprrl zMaJrr,r cy neh yreueJbllBailr l(pxrlrtrKe rrrKone y cpucroj Ncroprorpa$rjr.
Ocru pagona Pynapqa r Kosa.{esxha, saBeAeur{x y nan. 3, saavajarr Je Aonpranoc
C. Hoearonrha, Cp6u u Typ4u XIV u XV eexa. lIcropujcxe crAduje o npeun 6op6ana c xajesdo,M rapcKo.tl npe u nocne 6oja Hd KocoBa, Eeorpag 19603, 154-274, rAe
cy noce6no m)trKa3aHe ,,jy:xxe cpncxe ,qpx(aBe" r ,,ceaepne cpncre AprKaBe". O nonrjoj .rrreparypn yrr. P. Mraxa.'r.rrh, Kpaj Cpnacoz llaTrerla, Eeorpag 19892.
I Vn. C. Arproerh, Cpduja .yotu furnce fld KocoaA, KocoBcro-Meroxttjcrtl
s6oprNx 1 (1990) 3-20; ueru, Serbia on the Eue of the Bdttle oJ Kosouo, Kosovo.
Minnesota MeLegacy of a Medievai Battle, edd. W. S. Vucinich
- Th. A. Emmert,
1991, p. 1-17.
diterranean and East European Monographs 1, Minneapolis
s C, BrpxoaNh, Ificropuia cpedn'oaenoexe locaucxe dprcaee, Eeorpa,q 19&'

l4G-151; ncru, Cgzg1u eexav Glpunoz ucropuiu rcpo,rbeecrad. u Eoc:'tu),36opHI4R

aoso$cxor Sary;rrera y EeorpaAy 8/1 (1964) 343-369.

@J4-

l,-C*!

lS,,'
C. M. BrrpKoBr,rh

<')

Aa ,4p)KaBa Myparonrax oonaHnuja, KoJII'IKo roA ce upolllupHna Ao 1389,

Hnje rrrffAe uuana AoAr]p ca repliroptdaMa xrne3a llasapa, Byrca Epanronraha 'r-rnr.r KpaJba Cre$aua Taprrca I.to Cynapnrz,ulr. cY 6urfi paqABojenlr
nojacoM Tepr.rropr-rja cTapHx I{ HoBLlx rocuo,4apa, Koie He cMe 3aHeMapr4Trl
HHjeAHa aHaJrI{3a ycMepeHa Ka ToMe Aa orKprBa ,,Y3poKe H nocJre.4wIe"

Kocoscnd 6arme.
Meb1, rau repuToplljaMa

ce

cTajre rr3 Q[oja ocBajar{a H JroKL'r.rr}rx Biracrqqp.rKarla (cnopenHa rpaHa

Her,rarrnha, flpemy6oanhlr, noroMqn Joeana Kounana Acena).lr Apyry

3OIIy q,r4H}IO je rna: ocarrvrocraJLe,Hux TepHTropuja noa JroKaJrHlIM Ar{HacTIrjarla uouen oA Aparama (fl,ejanosuha) na acrony, [peKo o6racrrz PaAocJraBa XnaneHa, 3arr.rrlr ByKarxunoBrix caHoBa Maprca a Angpajaura,
cBe Ao APr(aBe Eanurnha rra 3araAy. Y osold Aeny cnoMe[ryrof repHTo'
puja-mror nojaca rpa4ffqlIje cprrcKe Ap)KaBe 6ane cy Bprro jaKe LI Ao-

cy Ao Ilrspasa Y TLITyJIaMa'roc1[oAaPa, y ycraHoBaMa KoJe Cy HacJrebeHe rr3 paHprjer ypeberba, y BJraAapcKHM rrpaBr.IMa HaA Ipa.qoBHMa,
pyAIIIII$-IMa, KoBI{LnIIaMa, AocneJiHM y pyKe HoBIix RIIacToAp'}Kaqa.r2

rIa3LIJIe

Y ualueu floKyrrrajy Aa pel(oHcrpyr,flxeMo noJrLrrlrtlKy Kapry yoqa

Koconcre 5urrce .earKHo je yoqr-rrr.r .qa oBH o6tacHn roonoAaipJt, c pny-

3erKoM Eanurnha, y AeqeHr{jrl youa 6arr<e ue y,recrnyjy y oAHocr{Ma

Meby cpncKoM rocuo.qoM y 4enrpanHal,r o.6lacr:-rlra. Mo;rga je raj saKJbyqaK HeCI4rypaH, rror{HBa ,rra HeflormlHocrll o6arBeu[e6a, Ha hyralby
asnopd noju cy AoIIrJrr{ Eo :aac. YuaA,rruno je, anar<, Aa ce oBe repuTo-

AYOpOBaTIKLIM apDnaBCICI{M [IO.qaqHMa'

I{aKO Cy

[r Te 3eMJEe nocehEBanu 4y6ponaunr-r rproBfill{, rraKo o f*,I{Ma HMa BecrH

r.r

rfpe r{ nocJre KprzrlrrrKor nep?roAa K,oju pa3MaTpaMo. Y3 cBy orlpe3Hocr,

rcojy nana:re ocKyAr.ilIa r43Bopa, r4rraK ce Mopa parryHara

Ba3aJrcKH ogproc rrpeMa OcMaHJMjaMa, yqnocraBJran

rNIa 4a je

FoALIHaMa nocne
Mapravrce 6rn-rre, r{crprao oBe o6racra }r3 rleJrnHe y rcojoj cy ce AorJIe
paeeuja;re. Marre pesepBe H cyNlrbe Mo)KeMo ltMaru frpeMa 3arcl6yqKy

ra je rl?cxa

BpxoBHa BJracr oBe o6uacae roonoAape

_rLLD(qBe 3eMJbe

ogpyKrai na Ap!4'y qpaHy rl oHe cl{r!?,Ho rnnc!' Morure 6wrw

KHEa Jla3apa 14 Kparr,a Toprrca.r3

Hs

rca

ra6opy

cy 3eMJr,e 6parueHe Ha Kocoiy 1389. 6prne ca lrcrooKpyr(eHe reprlropiljama rypcKrrx Ba3aJra, Te Hr{cy MorJre

6MAIH7 AO.qUp
c,IIeA'H

.rar6eHr.rrre Aa

u jyra

Ca

3eMJr,aNra

IIOI

HSIOCpeAHOM

OC-n

aH,rr-rjCrCOlr

3a najaoarje florneAe Ha r[r,rper6e ocuax.nrjcre [pxraBe y XIV aery yn. X.

Or lanunonu do Jlenantro. EdJLKaHure, Eepona u ocJnalt- C, Muxrresa,
cKoro Houtecr7ue
7354-1571 2., Co&ust 1988, 11-92; The Ottoman Emirate (1300ed. E. Zachariadou, Rethymnon 1993, aKTtr atTlr.rto3rlja ogpx<anor y janyapy
-1389),
10

na Kpnry.

E. (Depjan.ruh, Tecanuja .a XIII-XIV aexy, Beorpa,q 1974, 237-281; D. Nicol, ?he Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479. A Contribution to Historg of Greece in
11

the Middle Ages, Cambridgc 1984.

u O toue yr. Moj paA naneAen y Harr. 8, rAe je naseAera AsraJrsa ntfrepatypa.
t1 y

_
baJrrrrr4ha,

y nureparypil tr
6rrr .qorgg,rje peuN,

ToM norneAy

o veuy he

::l

ir

KocoBcxa 6tnxa

uebysapognou KoETeRsry

53

noTqllrbaBarbe rIeHTpaJTHaX cpncKHx o6.nacr,n a ysobenre rllltcKe ynpaBe.

Mypar je raga Morao caMo Aa rrcKyrrra 41_cprrcKY roctrIg4v qpgcIiJII{ I{a
BaBaJrcKH oAHoc I{ o,qronapajyhe or6aeege.la Ter< uocne 1393. u 1395. rca,qa
cv noTflyHo OcnojeHe seltJle 6yrapcxrzx qapeBa, 3arHr{ KoHcraHTHHa
flpararua 14 KpaJ6; Maprca, H rberBopeHe, y ca]ruaKe Ocuannujaua je

y 3eMJTJe Byna Epaunoeuha u Jlasapeerx fiacJIe,qH}IKa,

Hehd 6Lm; n"*atlo crryr'vajuo lllro rrpBe rllpcKe rrocaAe Ha--reprnropHjr'l
nercag 6pzureHoj Ha I{bcoey Hajra3rrMo rerc 1395, nocJre HuKorroJbcKe

HeMa 3Harnr4je pa3nt{Ke, ocI4M

6raxd rr rusrorLarla Byxa' Epa,n'rco'suha.rs

Ty vr*reua,qy rfe6u, iar<obe, :aMalrz- Y BIIAy s6or neponar'nohe
CV TVpcI(H Ba3aJIlr MOTJIU IA MOpanH J'IMaTLI yJIOry

Aa
yonOCTaBJbaIby' OAp-

Jlaaapa, Byra u Tapma nPeMa OcuaunorolKajy oIrH cy 6r'rnu upeAoApebel$ ,ua nocpegyjy
A Aa ce ynnuhy. Arco 6rz ce cMeJro cy4l4't:/r no KacH?IjI,IM, OoI'e IIo3IIaTI'M
BpeMeHLnMa, BasaJrI{ Cy 6g17 cKJroHH Aa-I-TCKOpHCTe T!?CKY', 3arxTr'rry,
HKa*U" cY 'It xytloBajrn rypcKY nouoh..r-r otnr',r cr<loHl{ Ia ce 'r6oMe [ro-

#u"6*y, na u peveherry ogHoaa

nrljaua.'flo

cnyrKe

ceoN,Ie

cBojlrM JIoKaJr+Irr rI cyxo6una.r6

Ilogpy.rje Koje nocMarpaMo, 3eMrBe KoJe cy AaJre parHLIKe xpnulhancrcor"r ra6opy Ha KocoBY, 6une cy ca- 3arrarAa H . ceBepa oKpy)KeHe
repuropujaua'frapcxe Kparsea'Hne, y rojoj- cy ce 6!?He ntr)oMeHe Aeuli-ual6 6u* y rot'HaMa yoi.rz KoooecKe 6r4TKe. floc.re oyprg KpaJba
'Jly,Uonuna I Aun<yjcrcor 1382. sa KparKo gPente ce pacrao xajepapxujcra
cuqreM y KoMe cy :aMalrz- Mecro rr CreQan Taplio I, rao rcpa-r Cpda

KHe3 Jlasap, Kao rocrloAap HeKaAarrrrbax .flparynnHoellx repr.rropuja,'rja5yre pasAopa y oA'HocI.rMa yrapcKllx u cPncKltx BrraAapa'
Hercagarmu Kpa.JbeBH EasaJIH rrocrajaJrl{ cy cBe caMocraJrua1fi L' U oEHOc!' [ra Ocra6JI'eHy rleHTpaJrlry BJracr H y -oAHocy Ha rocIIoAY y cvceAy rroAe.rbeHoJ tpaIbeauHra-Y y rrebyco6ul-rlr q4Hoc,nnaa.r?
cTtsv
' ,oA
ugrpaxcHBarla KocoBcKe 6r.r:rne r.r l6eHax rIpoTaIoHI'ICTa
npsux
-cy
Tapmo I u IIasap 6ranu arcru'euo VMeIuafiI'I y yuyrparurre
3Ha ce 4a
6op6e y Yrapcrcoj Kpa,rsenr-ru*.r H Aa cy roApxcaBarrrr Irpr.rcTafltlle r3B.

u ,EocHe,

Harryrrcxe cTpaHKe. Bpenei*ou je mmcOno aHrzDr(OBaI6e xpolIoJI,OIIIKa

npsqg3r.rpafio, TaKo Aa je AaHac jacno ga js roponotl npeApragrl'aJl,o 3ap'o6*u"*"" r.pu*tq. y rrero t:SE^g 4a ce Teprro ynycruo y ocnajarra
'y Xpuatcr.ol ir Aa,r&rairirj1r ren 1387. xaAa je uporrmHraurca crpa,nra 6zlt" y^ o4aner.res vI Ka! je nocr'rarna sHarne yonexe.l8
On xano cv npracia,rpnre Kparr,Lilre Mapnje ys nomoh Beueqr'rje rpy'
Hrrcarre rbeHor 6v'qyher cyffpwa )KnrmyuAa Jlyrccelr6ypuKor' H oA KaKo

n:raflfiy,

BilKaH 3aKjb\rqaK 4a Myparon 4rar5 1389. nuje rworao 6uru norrry.no

Maraaos
1991.

i..r:

oTBOpeH [Itr)r{cT!-,U

_lnory pa3m.IKoBaru AEe 3oHe. Jerny

qr.rHe ,nocJre,4r6e ooBojeHe seMrbe: Errup a Tecanuja, Koje cy SallorreJle
cailrocTaraH )KrrBoT y,6pso uoc,re ,{yurarroae cMprri u y Koj.I1rMa cy cpilcKe Ap)r(aBHe r:pa.qra4aje reK y Mairoj MepH orryBaHe. Ha opncry B.JlacT
oBAe cy rroAcehaJr-e, rrpBeHcrTBeiHo, .qanacruje o6nacHnx noo[oAapa, Ha-

pLIJe He CIIOMIII5V HLI

norneAy

1{ O roue rrpyxajy [o,qarKe KacE rjr{ TypcK]{ r{3Bop}t npenaa xojrua gtcrpe;g't4'
BalI,{ C pa3nororvr raje pe3epBe, jep .recTo rrpeHoce Ha AaBr{y IlpoulnocT nPeAcTaBe o
o,qnoctrMa
"

ace

3eJ4Jbe

TepaTypa.
---- -fu

BpeMe KaA

cy reKcronr nactaja;rra.

M. .4rnnn, O1aocr Bpauxoauho, llpr{ro3r KJr{o 26 (1960) 5-30 (: Cpng cpied*en se?cu, BeorpaA 19?8, 148-l7D, rge je rraBeAega r'r pannja 'nvl-

6 y;.

o to*u 6pojxe nprn'repe sapotrr4To rlpyx<a l4cropr{ja BocHe y XV sery' Kapr"a"p""t"""t

cy ,qo".baj" rojnr npate patose 6ocaircKe rocrroAe rrpor''IB ,{y6poa^*-*a
i+SO-t+12. ,t I45l-i4S+. Vn. napo.liro: l1cropuia crycqoz mapoda II, Eeorpa,q
1982,218-40 r C. nupronrlh, CreQaH'BUKtuh Kociva u ite"oeo do6a, Eeorpag 1964'
147-199.
1? Ilo,qpo6sraje rrp]tra3ago y MoMe paAy y rran' 8'
o v"lE"p"6"vi, ytqop"jL cped*ieercoeue 1ocaHae dpmoae, 153-157'

KocoBcra 6rrxa y uebynapoAnou KoHTeKcry

C. M. Br'tprowrh

54

rre BasarcKe rroTqr.ilreHocrH H o6aBe3a. IlosHaro je aa cy ce Eeh TaAa

o6a,Be3e cacrojaJre y nrraharly AaEKa n AaBaIly floMoihHr,x oApeAa3
Oryga jd y n-aruev rpararr,y 3a AlInJIoMarcKHM npeAurpaMa KocoBcKe 6arr<e norpe6Ho o6parrrH [a)KII6Y cnu|r MyparoBl'nM Kopaq]xMa
rpeMa 3a[raAY, BoAehH npu roMe paqyHa o w]I'eH]r,lIH Aa cy ryPcKH OA-

je oH

uaHyAl-ro ocro6obgye Krparrr.qe Mapuje ,H noryKao Brrrrr nlrra

cBoje flpor.rrBHrrKe, Bobe HamTncrce crpaHKe 6paha Xopnaru fi Hr,aHurn
flarrurrHa 6utu.cy rrp]rrcrlrseHr.r Aa KoA Kp?,,rr,a Toprna I norpaxte- yroqrflxTe H HacrojanH cy Aa y3 rberoBy rroMoh noBpare nosHrIuje v vrapcKoj.re Itronapusarluja Meliy nreMcrBoM lr BeJr,rrKarrrrr{Ma jcrru ce s,urue
npqAv6llrra, a TBprKo je npey:eo BoAehy yrrory y 6op6u 3a mpaBa JIallncJraBa Haul'mcrcor, qLIHa y6ujeHor KpaJba Kapla [pa"rxor. On je, nogp-

,KaBajyhu Hsanurua Xopeara, Hna:aurta flalnn<uy a rlrixoBe ca6opUe,

noqeo .qa ocBaja rnpbane y Xpnarcrcoj u ga norquriaBa rpanoBe y Aanrr{a,4l-Ij'u. Ca *erone Teprrropuje 3aJreraJrH cy ce KpaJbaqHHH nporil.rBHHrlrr
y Cna,nonnjy u CpeM, a-il:a 6e3 aeher ycnexa.zo
lpeg rpaj 1387, rogJ.illy u rro AaHa rpe KocoBcKe 6arre, Tepuropnja
HamlE( caBesHrnKa KpaJba Tnprna pr KHe3a Jlasapa 6uta je oKpyrKeHa
HenpHJaTeD_rrMa y rrflirpoKoM nyKy oA KH'HHa AO CaBe n AO rorrymla Ha
Aynasy. 36or rora repnropr{ja Koja he ce 6parilrrr.r ua Kocoay uraje
Morna r.rMaTH Hr{KaKaB ocJroHarl Ha xpHruhaHcrcy Eoporryi, Kar(o ce qecTo
3aMlr,ur.rba d.I roBopfi. Er.rra je ,Bilrue HaJlrlK Ha ocrpBo oKpyxeuo ca cBlrx
crpana {rporaB}rr.ilIuMa, Ha acroKy u jyry Ba3aJr}rr",ra Ocl,raunuja, ua
lara.qy u ceBepy cynapHrnqEMa y 6op6u 3a npecro Yrapcrce Kpa.neuaHe.
f eynnw caBe3Hrrrlar ,ailtz'_ 6ea MohH r-r yruuaia', 6nnu cy y JyxrHoj Hrarruju, rAe .ie r<paisur4a Maprapara, MajKa JlaAuc.naea Hanymcr<or, 6nla
caBe3HrrK (DapeH,rqe. Taue ce uory o6jacurlrra TnprnoBe Be3e ca @H-'
peqrloM y oBo, BpeMe rr jano SnpeurlrLrrcr(o aHrepecoBarte aa Yrapcxy
r.l EannaH. Hehe 6rars nyra c.nyvajHocr lrro 6aru us onor paaqo6na
sMaMo y (Dnpeu,rlu Ba)KHe asBopHe nogarKe o Hztilrl{M npajenuna.2t Hac_yrrpor (Dupenqa, Beueqraja je nogpxanaira KpaJba X(a,rlryHga Jlynceu6yprur<or r{ KpaJhrrrly Mapujy u o"rpa6praaa.ua je la.nuaruir,cxe rpatroBe
Aa ce oAyrupy npurrlcKy KpaiEeBr-rx H r{paJblrr{aHux Henpujare*a n 6yuTOBHHK4T

flon.ratllvKa qap]a Ao_Koje cMo Ao[rrJra y HacrojaEy Aa per(oHcrpyIlIueMO noiro)Kaj Cp6uje, Eocae .H cyceAHHx 3eMaJba, HaKo HerroTmrrHa,
anaK rrpyx<a lroryhnoc'r Aa ce Hcupnurzje H curypuuje uurepnperufajy
o-ue ruaro,6pojne r,rH$opMarlHje o e6usa,I]jur,ra HenocpeAHo spe n rrocne
ItocoscKe 6nuce, rcojnnra HayKa AaHac pacrroJrat(e. t<ao urro ie aeh no.
MeHyro, oA Tar{Hot' canre,qaBa}6a cueyaqr.rje V BeJrHKoj l\,lepfi 3aBHc[ pa3yMeBa[ie uajonrurrljnx MorrrBa, jep je, Ha flpuMep, Malro BepoBarHo Aa
6n ocnajane rep,rzro_prrje ,Morao 6int awr- noxoAa noKpeHyror rrporlrB
seMaJba_ ca rcojlll,ra OcvaHnrrje ,Hr]cy tr:lraJ're aaje.4ulr.rre rpalflrrle Hlr repuropujanuox AoLH.pa. Y rarcnona c.nyvajy je aeponarnlrja nperrrocrarxa
4a je q,lrJb rroxoAa 6u:ro nor.ruraaBarle BraAal)a, lra,uerarie rrnlr o6nasJr,a!9
HEM

4ecr.lo ce ro

rrocJre ,6op6n

xoje heuo xparro npr{ria3arT4 rra c,re4ehum c,rpa-

Ina

raxra yrlaAa 3zrBprur4ra cy ce nopa3oM

o ueuy he jour 6rarr pevlr.

aapo6raaaraeM 3anoBeAur.rKa,

o4roBopa na Tsprxoao nr4cMo r,rMaMo orurrltp'r nopeg no3naror Srapexrr,rrcxor

lto a3Jrararse
$rpenrr,fircxe aHoHnMHe xpoHnKe, Ha Kojy je crpenyo na>rrcy Th. A.
Serbirrn
Golgotha
KosoDo,
1389,
East European Monographs CCLXXVIII,
!mm91t,
New York 1930, 5+-60 (rpeBoA y Eurra xa Kocoag 7389. zodut+e, Eebrpa4 1999, 1?5u o,qJroMaK o Kocony y cnl.{cy Beltrama \{inianellija Ruina Damasci l.r:rr,r Vita
-178)
Tamerlani, rojN je, raxofe, 6NpeuivHcror nopeKrra. Vn. M. .(rur,rh, !,aa caepe.ueuuxa o 6ojy ma Kocoeg, Inac 132 (1940) 145-148.

55

peAr.r qecTo AocneBaJrq y vn*u"" o6:racru Ha IIo3HB 3aBabeHI4( CynaPIrHKa Kao [oMohEa LI caBe3HIzrIKa BojcKa, I{ ,qa cBaKu y II3BopI'IMa c[oMeHYTr.[ TyPCKH nOxOA Ur'rje uuao ocBajar{Ke I]HJr'eBe. ocranBajyhrz no
crpanu uirbro6pojne ,nppnrepe H: xacnujmc BpeMeHa, noAcerllheMo ce
oHora rlrTo 3HaMo o efenreuy npe KoconcKe 6I-ITKe. flpolla Jawuucrcoi

tcpoHu4u Tolla llper$6onuh Je noasao Typne Aa My uoMolny

ca cyceAHr.IM Andasu4ua.ts

y cyro6y

no crpaHlr lroAarKe o [pBoM rro3na'

v Cp6w.iv, oHoMe H3 1381. KaAa cy {Pen a Bnro.neionlrca ,,ws6vmu" Typne ui .{,y'6paelrraqu.}
Mrjrp flo psquMa
"ptt.'*lt*
6rlo cylco6 JloKaJrlror KarPaKrepa u uo_Mecry-cyAapa
To je, 6es cylrrre,
r{ rro JrilrilHocTllMa cPnCKarX sano,qeAuHKa. oHoMe ruro je Jb. cT Ojauonuh
yrBpAHo y noce6noj paarpaBH o IJpeny H BIiroMI{Py Mox(e ce AoAarI'I
Jro.Herrrro o ilopoAlrqrr- Ha rcoje IJpen nolr.rr.re, rI o Mecl-y cyKo6a jep ce
.(y6pana cnoruir,rr,e y paBarllrllKof xpHcosy':wl, rAe je uaae4ena vt ,,6wp
,uy6pauirwrrca" .q,o P-alirra u Cranaha, rrrro He Mo]Ke. 6ryt V. Be3u ca
A'V6paelaqol{ na .{ynaay. Y ceny Hsnop y 1_oMe xpajy 6una je ur'rlloxoAHa rlapuHa Ha nyry npeMa Eyrapcr<oj. Kal ce cBe re oKoJlHocra
y3M.y y <l6unp. uajaepoearnHj,r.xM ce qI.{HH Aa cy Ilpen E.BI.rroMI'Ip cq
Mox<elto, Tal(obe, ocraBlmu

roM rllpcKoM yraAy

r:,

li

KpaJ,HlrrroM BoJcKoM oT6utu iypcrcy npoBarly ca-reparopnje Eyrapcre-5

Eaerrryarnra omlrruja noJrrrrli\IKa [osaAHHa ce He Mox(e HI'I Ha3perrl'

HeKa HHT BoAHJIa Ka .qoraa lran-o je
-*nsneporatno la 6w. oA oBor cyKo6a
t3SS. roAliftre, lep cY ce Y MebYBpeMeHy AoroAurre MHore
bajuua

ilplrre crBaPrr.
.{pyru 3uarHrrjx TypcKH rlpoAop Ka 3ai[aAy He oAHocI'r ce Ha Cp6r4jy, n-eh Ha oHaj Aeo ocraraKa AyuaHoBo{r IlapcrBa KojH ce Haruao
no,q, eralfihy Ealule II Ea.nur,nha. Ha ro nrzje 6no floxoA- rlerre eMI4poBe
BojcKe, Befi- llnaA Myparouor nojcrco'nobe -XajpeAraHa, noju je AoBeo Ao
6prine rra CaypcI<onr nory r<og Eepara 1385, y nojoj cy trcwrrvlru ,[,yna
dpaurcu, Eanila II H rrerosu BerruKaluu. Hlnop Maepa- Op6uHa o4nenyg sHa 4a je ry rrorqHvo H Hsau-rtru,6pat Kpameeuha Maprca' u HaMa
nt*oi"arll nylpab Kpeanvnh.b He aarneAa BepoBarHo Aa 6u ce
"iiu"."
onaj cy4ap uorao yrcrr,yq&rrH y npeAl{rpy para Koju he goaecru Ao 6KrKe
Maranoa-MvxEeBa, Or Tanunonu do Jlenauro, 56-48.
To hronikon ton loanninon, ed. L. Vranousis, 1962, 96-100.
Crapu cpncgu podocJtoau u rLeronuclt, usg. Jb. Crojaxonrh, Cpeucxn KapJroBr[.r 1927, Ll?, 214. yn. Jb. Crojanomh, Ilpen u Buro,ltup, S6opnux y 'racr EorAaxa flonosrha, Eeorpag 1929, 356-357; B. Cr. PaAojr4tuh, Maue eojctcy cpncrcu xues
Jlasdpe, JleronNc Marnqe cpncxe 390 (1962) 533-537 (: Teopquu deta crape cpncxe
22
23
24

,<lslnrce alrocr1t, Tr{TorpaA 1963, 141-1414).

25 Vu. caga a M. BJIarojeeuh, Kpajutura cped*oeexoeue Cpduje, Bojne rpajt'rjyrocnoBerrcxr{M 3eMJBaMa y }roBoM BeKy Ao KapJroBaqKor Mrlpa 1699. 36opt{t{x
paAoBa ca Ea)rrrror cKyna oAp)KaHot 24. tt 25. anpr.na 1986, EeorpaA 1989, 27--'46, rlo-

He

ce6Ho
-

38-39.

*-U""io Orbini, II regno degti Slaui, Pesaro 1601 (reprint: Miinchen 1985),
292-293; Ivfagpo Op6uir, Kpaimeecra"o C.toeet+a, npeaeo 3. fIf*,qpr'rqa, Eeorp^aA 1968,
7t, o uoier.ni^.""tit ,t irorleurxo; xpoaoaorrjlr yr. Moi xoMeHrap Ha crp' 321'

C. M. B:apxoerh

56

y oBoM crr\ rajy MopaMo 6uru otnpesua, jep ce o,qaBge

MorV [parr{rr{ KapHKe y JraHrIy Aorabaia cBe Ao 1388. r-r r!?cKor npo.troHa KocoBy, arra

cyxo6a rog Er.r,rehe.

Harlve, norra6rzjolr.Earuue II oreopen je npocrop 3a ,Hacryn rseroB,or cHHoBIIa Fypba II Crpaqlruupoeuha, noju je sarocnogapub 6a.nrur.r'hrcr.r,lr HacJrebeM y 3errn H ca rLHM xrp,HxBarHo-Aaa nerrpujareJbcrrBa,
jeAuo rrpelra Typr,Iuua, Apy.ro rpeMa KparD-y Tnprry I. O ycrnony Fypba
II Crparlurunpopraha neualro 4pvrfix Becril.r oclrM KaslrBarba rreJro3naror
Op6unonor rnBopa, .raju nojq4*rlrg noAaf,Ilr Harra3e [orBpAe y caBpeMeHoj AlrflnoMarr.rqKoj rpabu. Fypab II ce ocnoSoAuo r{3 3arBopa y ,[pauy,
saralr je lxrn@TaBJrao Bnacr y 3eru saunaseha ,ua [poruBJberie rrropoAurre
Car<ar (3arcapuja) ll Ha Henpujarerr,crBo nopo4aqe .{yrabHna. flocne ce
noMr-rpao ca ,{yraba,uuMa, a,ocJreilzo je r ynnouao CaKare. .[o>raneo
je nenllnlr r\npcnu VnaA y Mycarcrljy rr sanelle flpava, cBe Ao Ocrpora
u On.ororxra, a .noroM ce noMr{puo ca Typquma fioMohy .[oKJroHa a rrocrraHcrBa. Fypab II je HajnepoearHi.rje ojavao cBoi ronox(aj rHMe urro
ce opoAr.Io ca KHe3oM Jlasapo,r'r: yseo je 3a )KeHy Jlasapery rhep rcoja
je paHraje 6una yAara 3a llluurMaHa Mongancr<or (!).u

p4

r,r

Jegrnr-r qpeqreHu xpoHoJroruKn eJreMeHar y Ka3uBar+y Op6,unoeo,r

je ro4r-lna 1386, raga npe6a ya ce noMr.rplro c Typ,qraMa, CAM
3a ce6e, raj uoqarar ue 6rl sac;rylKr{Bao noBeperre, jep cy-rcoA Op6uua
qecre rpeilrKe oA jegne ro4uHe, npoyspoKoBaHe Mo)KAa npeparryHaBarleM IiI3 rrmanr'rnjcre roAr.IHe y roA,ril4/ og Xpucronor: pobe*a HJrr.I 3aHeMapHBarbeM pa3JrnKe V cru/to6u.Ma, rraqewtl,r'a rog.une. Onge, rueilyruu,
norBpAy rdMaMo y ,qy6poearKrrM ,qoKyMeHrrzMa, noju y jecen 1386. oaeAoqe o rypcroj odracuocru r{ roBcrpe o Typqulra KojH [ycrolxe o6nacrr.r
(partes discurentium). Kano je [y6poeunK raqa ca cBHx crpaHa oKpy]KeH

llsBop?

Tnprna I, ra xarco cy Onororur z

cKopo je uenecuo ga cy Typuw .ra\a nycro[rrrrrrr.r

TepllTop.prjoM KpaJbeBnae Cre$aHa

Ocrpor

y roj .qpxcaBH,
y joncnou u jaApaucKona

rpajeee,

saneby.?8

csaKorlt cnyvajy, He3aBHcHo o.q Ka3I-IBar6a r{aparJzBHr.rx H3Bopa,

caBpeMeHLlM [oKyMeHTr.LMa HMaMo [oy3AaH xpoHorourKu onaup: 18.

cenrelr6ap, Kao AaH norur6uje Eatuue II, ir orcro6ip/uoeelr6ap 13g6, Kaga
je usasnan BelraKrr crpax_ o.q Typaxa y ,{y6ponnuKy H rseroBou eaneby.
o rypcroj rrpona:ra1-ar6aucre b6nacirz y fzAz.
ronopr.r je4au
,HaparHBHr{ H3BOp. flopyna Jlere .[yrcab4qa na "riarato
,{y6poeuaul.r c.no60Ano
AoJra3e y rleroBy 3eyr6y .,jepe ce yMnp,Hx c Typqi-r,, npuMrbeHa j" y Ay6_
poB[rHKy 30. ge_rjeM6pa 1387,
na he ce, no cnol npunuqu, ognbcHrr.r na
Aorabaje ns _1386, ilorrrro ce y .(-v6poaHarcy oq"25. 4erletvr6pa 6e,rex<wna
HoBa roAr4rna.ze,Yrorcy l4_meceqw-(iJrdt_ABe roAr.rHe arto ce y3Me y o6anp
IioxoA na 1387), 6ypab Crparyruupoeu,h ce roMrrprio c Tyirlwnrj H opo.qllo c KHe3olr Jlasapona, flocraurr],I My 3er.

7t-IZ, :rone*rap 322.

eeha !,g1poeanrce peng6nuxe II, Eeorpag i964, 298, 300.
* y. 4""F, OdyzUye
Crape
cpncxe
noaerbe u nucri4a II, beorpa,q
Cp. Xat'ioe-^^1 Q,rojaroerh,
qr4 1934,
213. Ikcuo rreMa AaryMa cauo gy6ponaury 6clelrxy: -clie -penultimo Dec.
utlo^^go
aisuny
nolrerKoM
geqeru6pa
4y6poaavx-nr
c
rogzue
2b.
,q"tos"*n
l!a], V 1386. roAHny.
AaryM Er4je ,{cnpaBt4o nr{ K. Jrrpe.rex, Cnoneuu4i cpnc,/;u,
Ig"
ll (1890) 102 6p.38, utt !1. Eox<ttI;., O EAxobunttua, 36opnNr @ra.nbsogYI-oIuI""
cKor lFaKynrfq 8/l (f964) 385-390 (: He,trupr.o lloilopje XV aexi, Eeorpag 19i9,
333-336).
l7^

pp14uu, ttaa. deao,293; npeaog

Kocogcra 6rarxa y nre$yHapo4nou Korlrercry

37

Y uebynpelreHy je N Jlasap creKao HoBa acKycrna c Myparou,

r{eMy cBeAor{e cpncKI,I Jlerofir4ca u jeAua rpqKa ,,Kparrca,-xpouura",
rcoja je, ,no oaoj ilp.tlJrvrrlt4, caMo trp.eBoA cprxcKol' Jreroruca. Karco neronlrcu He npma:aj.y wcroj peaarclJuil'i u rcatco naeby rwrna nocroje pa3irfiKe y c'rvilrr3alfr41r u 6pbjv uu$opuaqHja, rrorPe6uo i9 4a I'lx 6purnmno

eo pasuorpuuo. fi<vn .rolrzHbu (o,q crnopelba cnera) 6894. y--sehEHI'I re-

ronuca 3adlereiKeHo je nolrpauene cYHqa 1. janyapa, satrzlr MyparoB rroxoA Ha,Cp6ujy, rypcKo ocnaja,rr,e Hunta, a y HeKrrM pyl(orl1cuMa. u rlrpcKo
ocaaja*e fl;<islltBa I-r 6yrapcrcux u rPqKrzx'rpagona.s 3a-xaarryjyhlr rorue
urrole noMpar{e6e cyuqa ea6ene)KeHo Ir Y ApYTHM u3BopI{Ma urtt4fi)eHv\H
Aa ce AaTyM uoMpaqerba Mo)Ke npoBePHru pallyHaMa I'I acTpoHoMcKEM pe'
xoucrpyxig.riaMa; Mo)KeMo i6Hru cI{r!?HH ga je pev o ToALIHH_Igjaje no,ry,waii f . ienreu6pa 1385, a 3aBpluaBarra ce 3-1. agrycra 1386. Iloltpauersd je, HalIMe,6H,'Io 1. jauyapa 1386' roArase.3t Kar<o ce V cBi'IM rlero*n""*L'roju 6enen<" typctri.noxol rr Jlasaper oAroBop, gorabaja 6ee
HaBoAe rHM peAoM, rj. rrpeo noMpaserse, a oHAa froxoA, cJreArrJlo
'rsy3eTKa
6i xa ie paroBarle 6irno uslteby roqerKa roArrne u'r 31. aarycra. C.neAHno
6n, rar<obe, ga onaj floxoA xlzje uorao. vr3a3r,arfi crpax n 6exarre y Ay6pilaaurcoj onotrttttz, jep ce no,qauu o 6ercrny u crnamarry (orc, o6ap/uogelr,6ap) oAH,oce na 6895. ToAHHY oA crBapalba cBera.
$eneruny o ocnajamy Hu,rua, flrosnana u 6yrapcrcr'rx -u rpqrufi rpaAotoa r.iMa caMo MaJrr{ 6poj nero'rulca, ueby rLIlMa 14 orrl 'najcrapuju. Yro'
nuro 6enore o6a lorabaja,-ouu oceajame [IrosAI-Isa a 6yrapcnux rpaAoBa craBJr'ajy uonpe4 eMr'IpoBor AoJracKa go flnovnura. ,flprxehn ce,
AaKrre, pe,qa Halrrllx .nerornuca npuo 'je 6ula oneparxia y Blpapcrcoj, na
y C$uju. Hnar<, y Be3u c rttM Becrl'l\ra aMa a3Beculllx npo6neua.32 Huje
gajea-rriraja oronuocr Aa T,IirX BecTLI HeMa y nehulrll JIeTOJII{9a,.HexO quo II[oBAHBy He MO)Ke 6U'tn 'ra''ta:H. IpaA je 3ay3eT
rlrHoro paulrie H To y Korrrel(cry 6ueuo pa:lrwrrrlx a6asama. C 4pyre
cTpaHe, suajyhu flpllpoAy cp[cKHx JIerOnHCa He MOt(eMo or{eKr{BaTH
Jla cv 6eretrrte $aurac:ravne LI HepeaJIHe, ilpe ce Mo)Ke MHcJILITT'I Ha
n""pdrut e y yepruhuearry 6eneurne vlr:a -Ha Hery e6prcy y pynonracuoj
rpalaqujla.-Huje HcI<.rtyrexo Aa je ,qorabaj J.I:! HeKor ApYror BpeMerla
y6auen rna odoo,r uec,y. Arco je cygruu fio fInoBAHBy rpe6ano
"b.p.t"tb
6a bqexnsair-r HeI(o panuje go6a, a ar<o je no Hrruy ouga xacuuje; c-BI'I

rseHr.frla ,qa [oAaraK

6rl ce uorn-ra uatr,ra y s6ueaHraL4a nocne A,HropcKe 6HTKe. He

*d*" a" nnnaouha nlr nutame nano drl Mypa, raqa ocnajao Huur naga
ueneby EeroBe repuropuje u oBora ,rpaAa re)KI-I r;ena EyrapcKa LI Aeo
Cpduaj6? TypTH cy y r<aCnrr.;H-ul BpeMeHHMa crBaparllr lmoprarrra caoje
saie,u,Ho

Bnaciq na rybum iepuropujaua (Crcorrme, Xoquljen).

Ocraanajyhn npoSleu 6yrapcnr,rx I'I lrpqKllx fpaAoBa 3a AaJbe rparane, o6parrzMo naJKIry cYtraPY Cp6a H Typarca. Haro ce y nllrepar!?It
m Crojanoer{h, Crapu cpnactL podoc'toau
31

u neronucu,

117, 121, 214-275, 287.

La
Mioc, Cronica obserualiilor astronomice

Vn. ra6eny [oMparrerba y: V, Grumel, Trait| d'6tudes byzantines I,

chronologie, Paris 1958, 468; V. Mioc-D.

romanesti, Bucuresti 1977, 20-21.
32 Ocsajarbe Hr4nra noA 6894. uuajy Jlerontcil: KyBe:KAtfircKr, ra6poacrr, 6eorpaAcKr I, IIIaSapur<oB, ceqel{fi.tKr( lt aarpe6avrr oAJIoMaK Jreronlca. IIToBAI'rB 14
Apyre rpaAoBe r byrapcry 3eMJr'y noA I4croM roAurroM uruajy: fiogropt4llKit ' Ee'lallcIrtt,
AoprrarcKtt, Pynapven I, pa.raHcKr{, Byron, cenr,rvrtt, xlJraEAapcKi'I, rroAropt{.lKl4' Bpxo6pesnr.rvxu, $raapvea II, co+njcxr II, petwercxN, Bacrhea, Janroa, Marapaurearhee, Bepxoer,rheB, Ocrojr4heB.

C, M. Bnpxoerh

58

yo6ri.{aj1.rJro roBoplrTq o 6oiy Ha nlro.tHutcy,3 nnje4Ha neTongcarlKa 6enerura rHe AO3BoE,aBa 3altJl'yqaK C TOMe Aa Je TaAa AO'IUIO AO HeKe
cpficKo-TypcKe 6qrKe. Hanporaa, cTHnH3aIIUja JIeTOnHCa npeMa KojHMa
ttiyp"r ,,iiwrc", rrHe yqqsr-tt:aurra", ,pparLr Ce oner", cBeAorIIt o-Heo6a.B-

r"#or*n tto"ny. iegan'laueraK JleTodrr{ca, KoA Ioora He M,o)KeMo

6stu cu'

rypHa na nMa HcnpaBalr reKcr, 6erc,crso npuilucYje &9i*!" Bna,qapa:

,,irb6ex<e Mypar r-r r*res Jla:ap c nno'{HI.IKa I''. Toflnrqe"r E@ ItKaKjBor
rcone6arsa cJ uoxe pehn 4a je _crulucao oHora rrrrLo cy aa6erexluu cpncrqrz: nerourlca Aa je AoJra3Ho Mypar, urro 3HaqI{ qenoKyrrHa oA.eMHpa
npeqaobena nojcra, Aa je Ha ro pearonao KHes Jla3ap rlrMe turo je u o*r
,,u3aurao", ga je cynran orlmrao He lrII4HLtBrrrI'I Hluura: Du BParv ce ofler
or lllo.*lura"-. H-ejacno ocraje 3aIIIro je y nPl"ry ylxao fIlro{qHI{K, 3aurto je V Bptlg cax(ero Qo3uy:racanoj neclH croMeH!'ro Mecro KoA Kora

ce Hrrrrrra nr.rje qeoulof ga-r.u je ro Haj4a"ne MecTo Aonne je crurao

or{e6,I.rBa[a 6urrca? fl.no'grrari Jrextu, Kao ruro je no3garo' sa
n:rr-i ce ry
'nyry
c Kocoea y AorrH'HV Mopane,. na je, najneponauruje, 'ry
Ba)KH,oL\{
6rrq uocne.qrlrl ta6op npe- oAnacKa ut Cp6nje.
Y Ha:ruoj Jrr{reparyp'H, 3ar{y,qo, Huje rpnMeheuo Aa o roMe ,qorallajy, aonyrue, 6es cnoilaifuarra lilo.lnar<-a u ca roAHHoM r<oja je npo6neMarurrHa, roBOIlH H Heno3Harrr HaBop Manpa Op6uua, acnopunrheH y
norrralBrbY o r<nesy Jlaaapy. Taj $paiueHar oAyAapa og ocra:ror Op'6raHoBor H3rlararla o Kocoscr<oj 6rruu, y rcoje yBoAn ruHpoKH ocBpr ,IIa rypcna ocaajarra y EBpona.a flosnar je ua-nop roju.Op6ua ry eKcqepnupa
lr Ha rbera Hagoaesyje AYry npuqy o KocoBcKoj 6euu cacraBJbeHy oA
pasHopoAH,LE( eJleMeHara, anfi Je Heno3Haro nopeKno oAJloMKa KojH cBerrperxoAa lr noja Hac oBAe ,[pBsHcrBeHo Iaurepecyje. -^ ^.
My
- roMe
Ty ce, Halrue, roaopu o jegnou Myparonou noxoAy ca 30.000 pa,rurra, C KojIiMa rpe6a aa je yurao y Cp6njy, 6opaauo y moj wreceq gaua,
norcyuranajyhr.l ,qa ocnoirl flprlruruuy, anu nrllje yoneo. Hacy'npor rreny
cy, no lrcToM rruc.rly, noALIrrrH gojcrcy r,uea Jlaeap u Byr, aJIH ce Hlrcy
ynyruram-l 'g 6arrcy upoqerLyjyhrr Aa My Hr{cy paBHH, Hero cV xa npaiunu no 6p.qonlrruM H TBpALIM MecrHMa. Hajsa4 je Mypar orltruao V
coojy seu6y I{ oHAa cy ca nocnaHltl]rrMa nolSenlr flperoBoplr, rojn cy
no ceoj npranuqa AoBeiru ,qo rora Aa cy KIIe3 Jlaeap u B-'yr npucraJrH Ha
nnahane,qauna Iz AaBarle 1.000 parHr-rna. To cue rpeda Aa ce,q,ecHJIo
138'5. roarlrre y aflpurly uecer4y.3s
flo rnavuuy rrpaqar+,a u ca,qptKriHu Op6nnon usnop Huje 3aBIrcaH
oA cpncKlrx JreTo[rr4ca, aJII{ lI flo [pocTopy H no xpoHoJlorlrJr'I I{ IIo ToKy
gorabaja fl HcxoAy.crax(e ce H roroBo '[oKllarra ca oHIzM {lITo rrpenoce
lerorrlrca: H oBAe je euapoa roxoA Ha Cpdujy [porllB ItHesa Jlasapa,
a y oBoM Ka3I{BaI6y Ao 6rnne nuje lorulo, Mypar uprie nocrrlrao HLIKaKaB crBapHH ycnex uoxo,qou. Arttt, H oBAe llMalvlo reurnohe. Huje- uajueha, y xporionoruju. Oua je, qaK, KaA ce MNIa y BIrAy -llen:InHa Op6uHoBOr reKcra, ap,rvMeHar y npHnor lo6poi o6aseureHocru'5 Teumohy npegs flplruepa je tollrro y cT aprjoj t4 noBt4ioj nr{Teparylt}l Aa ,r:K rle BpeAtr
e flopex.ro 4e.noaa Op6Nnogor tt3Jrararga o KocoBcKoj 6rqr noxlruao caM Aa
yrBpArM y KoMerrrapy ys npenog Op6r,ruonor rexcra (ctp, 329-330).
s Orbini, uae. deno, 312-313, npego,q 9at--95, xouenrap 329.
. s y KoMerrrapy caM Ha Bl,ture Mecra yno3opno Ha rpe[lry oA jeAHe toAt4He,
lIaBOAT{rr.

Kojoj Hrje yBeK

r4crr4 y3poK. Mox<Aa

norlrqe l{3 l,r:aopa roje je Op6un eKcllepnl4pao,

Kocogcxa 6zrxa

uebynapoAnou KorrreKcry

59

flpr'tnuHa, ea rojy Huje;rau H3Bop IIe Ka)Ke Aa je uMana yrBpbeme, rar<b ,u,a Huje rlorra npyiKarn orrlop BeJlaKoj-enaupoaoj nojc'rpl'3?
To 6i ce Mopano b,qnocnrra Ha HeICH Apyr6 rpaA._Y 6'1rasn1lrg flpulrrr'1re
6r.ro ie rcolwr.iercc ABopoBa nopel jesepa ([layHu, Cepvnn, Illrnvrua, lta-:o
larod Hepoprnrsa), HeIIlro yAameHnju cy 6uta flpunernau, flpuepeuau
" Epno, u Fleurro 6wuxa lpa'rarllr,rla, curypHo yrnpbeua Kao H ApyHo"o
"r'n MaHaflllrprt rora BpeMeHa.
HeAaeno je 4eramua zcropuja MaHacrllpa cKpeHyna nilKrBY Ha ieAaH AOKyMeHa:r rojlt nona:yje ,[,a je MaHacrup os6r',r;rno nocrpaAao HerAe
narpujapxa Cnr-lpH4ona,
v speMe rcnega Jlasapa, Byna Epanrosuha r-r3anrrca
je uocne crpaAarsa
tarire, y repuoAy 1380-1389. roAlIHe. flrlcau
cBeAoqH Aa
r'reprruuro
oH
BeJITIKLI
Urnej.
flperruule
uanacilrpa Aocneo Aa
CV Krbl4re llsxopeJle V nlrpry MaIlaCTlIpa, a ca I6HMa II MHO{IIITBO JbVALI,
craBJba

Ipalf .y "u.ru,qaqi 6uti Tpltc,xeru LlHonnerveHlt 14. Y cBareoM cnyrajy,

qaHnrla, noArlrrHyTa Aa 6yge ceAltxllre elutcKoma nu[IJbaHCKIlx, uuje rpllnna ry $ynrcqujy y BpeMe Kocorcrce 6urne. Teno rcnesa -Jlaaapa cilcpa*.*o jb'rrpBo"y fuluiponolujcroj qprcera y llpuurrnun,$ a relc uerAe
rcacraj-e ce- tutnrpononnjcro ceAarure BparLIJro y lpavauraqy.
IIe lracnuu, ,HapaBHo, Aa ce Mo)Ke 3acryrrar,tl Te3a Aa ce Ka3HBaFe

Op6unonorr I{3Bopa oAHocIz Ha fpavaunqY, arta ce Mopa rrpllMerurll Aa

crba,Aarbe lpa.r,airmte npe KocoBcrce 6urxe, Kao .HecyM$6prBa qg-rbeHir.6la,
ndcpeAno nornpbyje rplir.ry o rypcKoM llafla,qy u rYcrorfisny. Ocraoraivhil u oso .t"ia[-e 3a AaJbe rlpoBepaBabe, rlopa ce or6ursultje V3eJH y
'6'6e'p
llorlrhHocr Aa cy ncnreby Jlaaapa u Mypara oAHocH 6rl.n cpebe+ru
v ro"quHaMl npe Kocoacxe 6r-rrne, rrrro ce rBpAa y HeKr{M TypcKuM HsBoaJtu cy oHH us rcacnujer Ao6a u oryga necr'rrypnuP
'puw ,bnot"Hyra
je neh ry-pcxa rrpoeana nPeMa 3arr'aAy y or<To6py+roaeu6py 1386, go;onno seruKa ga ysaeuuprE craYoBHlirurBp AY6ponau-

roje ce cKrlarbarro Ha repraropl{jy Peuy6lure Y {yry u C'roH'

Ognyre ffipoua-tr<"x seha rojralra ce o4o6pana npuuarre-6eryHalra roje,iHbu cnyvajy o rypiroj nojcqa, u y ,qpy.ot o Typuuua roju
"op"'y
nycroure npajeae.{ ,{y6ponavxr-r noAaurl cv cacBHM noy3AaHH, alrll tlln'
gupercTHlr, oHrl He ocrerDanajy nolrfuvry no3aAr4Hy lorabaia. IIoxoA
je,^ Hecy*i+I4Bo, norabao rept'riopujy Kparrl Tnprna noja je ca cBllx
crpaHa gKpy)KrlBarra .(y5poair,ur. kario ci, y Op6nnoeoM I'I3BoPy o Fypby
It^Crpariuin'npouuhy rci,re la cy.Typ,sa rPoAprI.H go Ocrpora u Onorouttu,'t"nu u6g Tnfrnonorr.l a:ratirhy, npupda,no .ie .qa Ase rpyne Iln{>oprcor saieba,

H 3aKJr,yqllr\Io Aa cy Ao Tora BpeMoHa [pecTaJre !I HeCtpaqtr.r,tuponuha ca Typrlrlua.

r"ra.rrr-ria .noBerKeMo

none- 6ypba

II

je ou npr EperBapar6y AaryMa 3aHeMapt/ro pa3JlttKe y noqerry roAr{He

O ucropujrz Ilpnuruue caonlurttra je pacnorox<rey rpaby A. Koea'resilhrracont{c

Mo)KAa

,rnu cJt.

37

g cped*ex. auiexa. llcroprjcrn

22 (7975) 45-74.
-Kojrh,
- 38 Ilputuruua
TLTtao. zpofxa qpxaa KHe3a JIa3a'
B. "Iotut,, Murpononuja a nrruurrutu
-

pc, CBerr4 rnes Jlasap. Cnolrenrqa o urecroj croroAl4rulbtrl4r{ KocoBcKor 6oja 13891989, EeorpaA 1989, 163-169.

39 A. OnecnIalrxu, Tgpctcu usaopu o Kocoacxo'+t 6oia, tnacnnx Croncror nay'rHor ApylrrrBa 14(1934) 5S-95; f. trnesoelah, Eoj ttct Kocoeg 73BS g ucropuiu MA'ta
MexnLda Heupuie, Bpacreo 31 (1940) 1-?7; S. "frako, Bitka na Kosottu 1-389' go'
aii" i itoriiiia4io niA;tiio, priiozi za orijentalnu filolosiju 14--15 (1964-65) 329-

-35i.

KocoBcKa

C, M. Brproetd

60

ueliy cpirxoKoM rocrr,oAon rr.oruro je 6uo KpyHLIcaHH Kpa;b.

Moxaa iy Taprro I a_ Jlasap 6Hnlr noee3a:ar ca KpaJbHqHrrI'I-NI

KHe)I(eBa

IIA'INT6Y.
IIOCBETIiTI'I IIY}{Y
-

yrapcnralr noBsJbaMa, AoKyMeIrrLIMa MnerallKor

40 abajrl cy nosHaru v
xrrlBa rr Kasr,rBarsl4Ma Hiaparaenux
'r3Bopa,
IIpe
BI-IIIIe OA CTOTIIIIf{ TOALIHa
KpLITHF{IC4
IIITLIM KOHTVpaI'la, OqpraulI
-Pa"trcb",

'IM

aporr-

3axeanyjyhrn

H. Pvaapqa, K' Jupe'Iera'ar Hoaa rpaba

;;il,*;^Al'x;A;p;b.
xpoHonoie ouorvhuna ia Ce rroHelrrro AonyHH Ir rrpzuIrnPa, Ha-poquTo
He lrrlrrirrajyhu ce y no,apodHo lxrnararbe 'qYi"r.
""iJitinii'lorabaia.
6op6u' y Yripcr<oj, o6paruhevo nall{rby caMo oHoMe Iuro le
roipajri.rx
je r*roruo
noBqsalro ca ItHeaoM ninap,iru.H-KparbeM T:ry^T--!:.-Ho
irrHrIaTH ,Ha cHlvarlHly KaKBa je 6vtna ycr.lu I(ocoecKe OHTKe.
'
.oAHOCH Uacneb-eiru ns epeneua Kpa.Jba Jlyqonarca I uelsarua ry ce
1382'
o"ru"o. Jour npe cBoqaHocrH onnaKl{Bar6a r<p-arsa, y cenreu6py
Benr'IKallrll\{a uo:rehu
H
rcpamrnrlrl
[rnurv
.y
o4^7t"nlr
Aa
UVOp"t"^""
To cseAOqH
Aa r.rx Kpar'blrua npe[opyq,Izl "roonoAl4]Iy xneey Jlaeapy"'42
xujepapo wrlerv u cnasu o""iu lt*ipa, anr a o 'meroeou Mecry--y
ltojH ce Sopmxpao Y BpeMe JlyAonuna I' Herco BpeMe'
i"jt""il'""**y

ion"r6, ruei laiap-je ocrao_,.rojanan Mapraju, ,uaJlyqouiKoaoj na' yrapcrolt npecro:ry. Ha 6ocancrcoj^crpaun
"""nE"rI"
jo* 6o*e s'lu ralco c'rr 3arerre'Ll oA'I{ocr-I o,4p}r(aBaHpl io[r HeKo 'pe""
ne. Tpu roAraHe nocne JIy.uoBr{KoBe cMqrrl Tepxo j"-l1l11i^1-t-?o caoie
oondrirrcne Be3e ca vrapcrcuu nBopoM. Y noeeft'a 3a 'BeHeuLIJaHIre' HsAaro'upftt'n)
Koropa Iy
6sg : ;;'
#f
"o:T-"g.?i. lrrreApe
KpaJbeBcrBa:
cpncKor
odnasr,arba
y
KoHTeKcr
craBJba
"Mr'Ino[uhv IraI[Hx
otrJrvKe boxie H rrpecJlaBge Harrre cecrpe KpalIbl{qe Yrapcre, rpaA
epeuena".

Mo)r(Aa iraK ABe-TpH

ti:#fi;

[por&rBHrIur{?vIa, KOjI.I Cy il,IIvI 6unW OgCeyH, MO)KAa Cy UM npy)KaJrH [.InH

o6ehasaru fio4pfirrKy, LI3 AoKyMeHara ce ro He BHAU cBe Ao BeJIriKor
cylco,6al ro"q

Jelucanere, AoJracI(oM )KumryHAa JlyKceMoypurKor

nr.q,i Kano cy rrogerre Ir rorrapll3arru;e go rcojax ji: qouno y -cl-eleFrrzu

Mecelpnaa 6arno yrr4aJre H 'Ha oAHoce yoi'ru KocoecKe oHTKe' MopaMo

61

raecrd

ca Myparolr: Fypab CrpalruMrpo-q,on je Taprxo I

;;h;; oi'otu. Jla:ap, 6u cpevwru oAnoce i typur'rv-a,
II^Crpauuunp-*ili
nypba
EpaKoM
oitoc"tra.
r "*pujarertnrmt
".rio
s6n:ar<uJru cy ce IcHe3 Jlasap u rocrro,qap -3ere, anr'r ro H'Hje
H JeneHe
cMsratlo' Jlaeapy .qa ocra,He rroBe3aH r ca Tnprrcolt I, -rrpe cBera' y, aiensuqtcoi norIHrIIilrH nperMa yHyrpaunrbnn't 6op6ava y Yrapcroj' KoJe -cy
#A;'l ;;;^d8a. :;;;';";; sapo6maaa*eu nfarorua | 1u:y v6"'
CTBOM CTape KpaJLr.Iqe

KoHTeKcry

Tnprrcy cy Kpa:r,mre pobare (npamlqa uaj'r<a JenncaBera My je 6utra

cecrpa ol crprura) o6eg6ebfiaaJre oHo rrrro ce npetro3Haje xao IIr{Jb lrolnrrir<e nocne 1377 oKlrrllr'arre HeKaAa[nBLD( rrenamrahxlu. 3eMaJba H rrpBo

Y uexoj BPcr'u KonBepreu,qr'rje rp-H jd3Pop!' lcpncru leronr'rcr-r, OpMypatouou-noxony .y Cp6wjy, Op6wtou H3Bop o -VcroHv
6"nou
y
II Crpa,rraianponaha) nornpbyjy .qa je l38e 6ula rrpenoMHa
Fyplia "t"op"o

oi"o"y jy;xuocnoreicnux

6zrsa y uebytrapoAnou

ilri

lj

'li-

+l

-11

:al

,+;

fopjafii y Cnangiujq

KaAa

cy

KparEI4IIe sapo6rbeH-e,

ILH-

xoBrr ilIpBLI capa.qruula no6ujeHa Ianr-r sapo6neHu (25. jyna 1386). Ha

rpaurapua Cp6uje cyro6H cy rroqerlu pauHje, Hajnepona'rur4je-og Mapra
.qb jyra t;86. ro.ru{Hd. Y6peo nocrle oMprrr KparLa Jlyqonnna 6uo je nocraBr,eH 3a MallBa[rcKor 6asa Cre$au, crau Qu:rrna og Kopolla, an'r'r uaje
Morao Aa Bprul{ ry $ynxrarljy. Y uavnancrcoj 6anoBHHl'I ce !^rBpcr}Io
llarursras, 6par nexaaatun er 6asa Hnalatsta Xopnara I'r 4pxao je y

cnojau pynalla KparbeBcKe rpaAoBe. Cre$an Kopob j9 ycneo o_PylxjeM

.tra noBparlr KpaJbeBcKe rpa.qoBe: Eurny, Klnnu,ugr< u Eeorp-aA. Hernega
no creuy ga jb ycnex 6no rpanrcorpajau, jeP cy H-eayrur Xopnat, Hnanuur flanuxcr-a ca BeJIr{I(ou noicrcor,t AoruJrH y fioMoh Jlaqucnany,uporHaJrr.I KpaJbrfiir.rHor 6ana ffpeKo Caee H orq./crorxl4Jrrl rberoBe nocere Y IIoa<erunoj u Bynoacroj rxynauuljr.r. OAlreruuIrH cV Aoruru_alax go ,[,pane
H )r(erreJrH 4a npeby peKy, anH IIM ce Ty cynporcraBHo cteQan_ H Harepao Hx y 6er<crno.s-Cee ce ro AecHrIo npe HanaAa rog lopjaua (25. jyqu
i:Ao), rie ce y fiparrlrl Kparbnqa 3aAecl{o rr MaGIBa[IcKn 6as, roju je
rrocrao sapo,6neuurc oAMer'HrrKa LI Kao cyrrtarb npoBeo cKoPo roAttHy
AaHa.46 Kparlrqe I'I Apyrlr 3aPodJbeHuIIH onBeAeHLI cy y IyuHraK' 3arHM
y Honurpag r-r flourarer, a Kpafi,HrruHI'I nporl-IBHH'Iru cv-, tro BerxLIM peqlrMa. rrorrrHHunr.r KpaJbeBcrna Xpnator<e, .[,alma4raje, cnanonraje, Mavu Ceaepuncru 6asar rn floxceruny ;r<ynaHrzjy. Beolta ce MaJIo 3Ha
o [orabajanra y ie.er*"rou rr 3rrMicKHM Mecerrr4Ma. O'-6e cnpane cy o6es6eb#ane cises*;tcl: y Beneq,ajn )Krmuyua Jlyrcceu6ypurr<u, rcgju ce 6opz
sa ocro6obor6e cnoje KparbeBcKe cynpyre; y fylrurb-i Htanwiu rn 6ocaucrcolj npan earanu oiserCaqu Kap.na ,{pa'rrcor, xojn ce 6op9 aa rboroBor
cusi ualorsrnor JlaAuc,nasa. HBaHrtIu Xopoar Hacrvrlao ie rao rreroB

BaHcKr{

HAMCCHINK.

;;;;;;;;;;"

;;'ifi;""i,;Jp';.il.n". t"l ,p.*-

y^uaure pyKe 3a Beqrrra

6 (urnr}., Odttgt<e eeha II, 2S8, 300.

al iiopeA'paAoit
y Han- 2 v 7,yr,'F' Radki, Pokry!-\a -srauen'potetk-om
"tu"n"""*
XV stolieid, Rad JAZU 2 -(18681 . 68-160;
slrom iisu' iii"6:m XM
s' iis6si 6s_rro; 4 (1868) r_io:; a. Hute1, D_ie Gelansennehmung der. Kdnisinnen
uiiiri und die Kdmpie kdnig Sigismunds ,g^e^gen die
Etisabeth und Maid
partei"o".,ia- d" iibrisen Reichs.feinde in den Jahren 7386-7395'
;;;;"il;.i;"ie
Archiv fiir dsterreichische- Cei"fricitt"u 66 (1885i 509-548; K. Jupeuer, llcropuja
Cp6a
Beorpa4 1952,32-234.
-'-- I,
et
ii il;E'
oanunu eeha t, 246, 26. cenrer'I6pa 1382 " ' .de approbando
hic
lectas in ea forma in qua
Vngariarr:in
approbatas habendo titt".*r'airfi"ndai
nostram dosuit lecte, hoc addito itt ai"tis -riite"is, videlicet quod per dominam
Lazaro, barones vero precemur' ut preminam reginam recomendemu" .1.
a dicta domina regina'
dictam reconrendacionem ilJut."nt "o-iti
B O unapoj no'nrarruxo; no3aAr4Ht{ HacranKa oBor AoKyMeHta W' Actopulo'
l\ptte lope II, 2, TrrorpaA 19t0, 34-43 (C. Erpxoet{h)'

e flo,qsrrr CTeSaHa Kopoba

onttclg

je y Ane

KpaJbeBcKe noseJbe, jeAgoj

oA 6. aarycra 138? (T. Ortvay, Okleuelek Tentesui'nnegye 6s Tem.esud'r u&ros

fiirftfletehez J, (ff83-f430), Pozsony 1896, 148) tr Apyroi oA 28. anprua f388 (G.
Fejer, Codex diplomaticus regmi Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac citilis X/1, 474-420;
E. Malyusz, Zsigmondkort okleu|lti,r I (1387-1399), Budapest 1951, Np 17l r.{ 519).
,{Be [oBeJ6e ce Aonyrsasajy y nojeAtrHocrr{Ma z rpe6a ynopego ,qa ce Kopt4cre, rrapovrro a6or yrnpllrsarca xpouo,rorrje.
a5 flpea je J. Ka.nzh-MrjyurrosNh, Eeozpad g qted*e,u aexu, EeorpaA 1967,
364, rran. 29, yfiogopttra Aa je y o6e uoaeJbe err]r3o,qa craBJbera npe sapo6.nanarra
EpaJbr{rla, r Aa je tpe6a cranrrr y nepriroA rrpe jy.ra 1386. roAzlre. Toue ce rrrorxe
AoAarr{ oKoJrrrocr ,qa

je

Cre@arr Kopob 6uo raeby gapo6.regr{M EeJrr4Karilurvra,

ga je

6ro c;rx<all cKopo roArrny Aarra, KaKo rroBe:6a Kax(e 14 ga je sa BpeMe r$eroBor
sapo6*,enurutaa Hzxona fopjascs,r M.nabr n"renoBal{ 3a MaqBaxcKor 6ana. OryAa
je neo,qp>rrsa xpoxo;rorzja ycaojena oA crpaHe F. Si5iia, Vojuoda Hruoje Vuktii

HnsatLnie i njegouo doba (1350-1416), Zaq.Jeb 1902, 60 u 254, san. 143, KojI,t r{etoKyngo paroBar+,e ra jyxcro oA Cane t{ nponop Ao ,4pase z o,q6Nja*e craa.ra y jy.r
1387. pivynajyhrl ca reK oc.no6olenuu Cte{ranon Kopolelr, aJrra oH nuu.re Huje 6no
Ma.rBaEcKJ4 6aH.

C, M. Bnpronrh

62

Y6ucrso crape Kparbnrre, JenucaBere KorpoMaHuh, Koja je yqanrreHa cpeAauolr jauyapa 1387, nojauaBa aKTr.rBnocrrr Ha o6e crparre. )KHrL
u{,nL orynna np}rcrarrrrue u 31. Mapra 1387. y C'rouonr Eeorpa4y rpyIrrrule ce 3a KpaJba. Ma"rnancrpr 6an nocraje Hunola lopjaucrcu M.nabu,
clrH rlaJlarr4Ha y6r.rjeHor ,nperxoAHe rog,r.rue no4 lopjaua. Ou ce Ha r{env
oApeAa ynyhyje y reMl4ruBapcxu rpa.i, rAe cys6Hja H noKopaBa oAMerFrHI(e, a 3arHM rrperra3u trpeKo lyHana y Cper,r r.qe .ie noupurrrre 6op6,u
rog repbaae 9epenuh. Hnarrrllr Xopnar je ry nperpneo nopa3, r{ Harrao
cKJroHr.rrlrre y o5nu,ricr6elr Llnony, ,r,ra.la je qepeaah ocrao y pyKaMa I6eroBl{".c JbyArr. Here BeroBe r.rcraKH!'Te nprrcraJrurre cy sapo5rene H .rrocirare KpaJby )K.wrnyu4y sajelHo ca 3acraBoM Jlag,Hcraea Harnymcrcor.{6
Helra eneuenara 3a npeqa3r{o Aaraparbe onra 4orabaja, oHH ce Mory
caMo oKBrirpHo cMecrlrrr{ y Kpaj anp{4na una lra.i 13'87, csaxaKo, rrpe
Becrr,r o KpaJruqHHoM oc;ro'6oiieray.
Os6rarbHo yrpolreH, Hsaur.rxr Xopaar

ce npe6aquo as Hnor<a y
6as onceAao. TaAa cy Hnanuruy

Il'oxcer$, rAe ra je uaagH Ma.;qBaHcKH

[plrcKorrlrJrrl y uorroh Cp6rn ua,na4o]\,r Ha Maueancriy 6anoar.rHy !, yrrpoii(aRarbeM yl?pcrux rpa,HurJa. fopjaHcrcl.r je, naHve, youeo Aa go6uje y
cnoje_p_yr<e HaaH;ana Xopeara Kao raorla H jenaua aa he rcpa$aqe6er"ri
ocno6obese (crapa KpaJr,rrrra je errarrro paHrije y6ajeua, arr,u ce ro jour
Huje noaaqauo aHalo). flpuca,'reH Aa ro)r(ypr{ ga nanapue Cp6e y Maunancroj 6artoeuua, fopjanrcnu je 4parorleuor cyiKrra [peAao 3anoBeAHIIKy Apyre eojcne C,re$aHy, clluy nojno.qe fiuo.nncuja, rcoju je norajuo
6rro HeaepnaK r.r nycrno sapo6meHara ,qa rrc6erHe y Eocuy. Beponar,no
ca oBr.rM cpncKHM HaJraEoNr na V1a.rsaHcny 6auoelnry .rpe5a noBq3aru
flpralrarbe Op6Huoaor rlsBopa o roMe ga je xnea Jlasap not:rao rocnoAap
Feorpa4a, HaBoAHo nocrr cMpru Kpa[ra Jly4onrara, q1 je pa3opuo rBp-

laalr

r.r ocnojuo Mauny.a?

Cp6a, uoapar,rlo

je

Ioplancxlr rpe6a-5a je :aurrairldrpa*trqy

Vepenah, Far<oeo, Itoruaap (Kourca

not

o.q

Barmbsa)

rr )Karuy,4qoBe ntr'oruBitr{Ke np}icarrrro ;'Ia ce crc[oHe y EocHy.

Ilocne Heycnexa y Cnaaorutju a Cpeuy Xopearu H rsuxoBe npr4craJnrr4e cy Mopatru Aa ce ocrroHe na EocHy lr rbeHor KpaJba, roju je 1387.

3anoqeo ocnajarua y Xpoarcrcoj ,l1 Aanr,raqrljq. O,q jyna, rata je ocnojen

Knuc, lrorv ce y rpy6ral,r qpra.\ra [parrrrrr Teprroue ar<qnje [peMa AaJrMaTITHcKHM rpa4oBr.rr4ar-r Xpnarcno.j. Our.rlra nojn 6rr ce [oKopuJrr{ KpaJ6
.ie nao roo[or]ap noup]rnnao floBJracrrrrje, 3axreBao je qa [:nece rberoBe
3acraBe, Aapr.rBao je nocene u rqrecybranao. Y rpa;loeuma noiu 6u ce uoKopuffr rrzryJrr{can je r<ao rcpam ,{,a:rvaquje u Xpaarcne, a rpagcKe
I4cnpaBe AaroBaHe cy rro EeroBoj anaqra. Hnarc, or<onnoM cBery je usr,re-

a Saoryre Hrro:re fopjancxor M.na!er, a

rreKaA u rreroBor 6para Jonana,

trn3y KpaJbeBcKr4x [oBeJba, xoje 6eao<r.r noginarra Ar4ruroyrapcKe
o oArroo{Ma Cp6rje r
y cpeArieM nexy: L. Thalldczy-A. Ald6sy,
Yal1p
A^ Maggarorszdg ds Szerbia kiizti iisszekiitrctesek okleudttd.ra 1198-1-526, Budapeii
190?, N! 75, 99, 104; onurrpuo cy HaBeAeHe oxe x3 parror neprroAa y nogeJ6n oi l.
aBrycra 1406. r.r 3a Jonaua MaporNja (Moponzhrr), o6jae,sena y F. Si5ii, Nekoliko
'ispraua iz potetka xv stoljeii, starine 3ti (1938) zz0_222, 276_2g6.
flone.ne o6jaaJbelte y <DejepoBoM s6opar.rxy ,rcKopr4crr4o je neh A. Xy6ep y caojoj moarpiroj
_
nasolene
cy

qr4TaBolu

pacnpaBfi naae4enoj y nan. 41.

a7 Orbini, :l.ae.
deno, 312, [peBoA 94, KoMeHrap 329.
P.aa. de.no, 79.

J.

Ka.nnh-Mr,rjyurroexh

Kocogcxa 6rarxa

y uelynapognorl

KoHreKcry

63

-ro qlIHI.t
,qa BnaAap EocHe cne

y nlte Jlagr-rcJtaBa Haflytbcrcor. To cy

HapoqETo HarJrarlaBaJru BeHequjaHrlr.r.s
3anne:reny .ucropujy oAHoca KpaJba Tnprrta ca AaJrN{arrrI{cK}rM rpaAOBHMa r.I XpBaTCKHM BeJrHKarrIEMa He i!to)Ke.\Io OBAe onulrpHHje npHKa3vBarr, eeh ca^4o Hcrahu qtuieHHEy Aa nenpujareJr'crBa HI.Icy fipecrajaJra,

Aaro

ua je Tnp:rno CnnnhanuMa, Kojll cy ce uajgyx<e ofluparru, rlocraBllo

KoHalq,flH poK 3a npe4ajy i5. jyurr 1389, ,[aH cBeror B,ura. Ha Apyroj
crpaHrr, KpaJb )Kr.rrMyHA je y ro Bperle npElrpeMao nojctty 3a [oxoA qpo-

TrrB HeBepHor 6ocaHcKor

6a:Ha.ae

Ha ceeepy je uonpalrre 6r.r.no Ha CaBu H A\.IrIaBy. Hs:roxeuo je

6r.rxo noauno ce H3 oqlrBarHlt\ AoKViMelIara BIr.ilH, Hapoqnro floApyqje
,asnebyi Eocyra u CaBe Kolle ce ltorno npHfifi ca repr.IroPnje EocHe It
Cp6uje y nperule nan je repuropqja MaqsauoKe 6anosuHe 6Iana nog cpn-

crcorr- rconrpoJloM. flpori1..B{wut4 )Kurr.tynga H N{apuje cy y3 noMoh cBocanesu,rnKa rroKlrIrraBaJIII Aa npo6r-rjy rpaHaqy H HaHecy Ilrrery oKoJrH[rM r{lryraHvjaMa. Y Ha6pajany 3acjryra BeJII-rKarxa I(ojH cy qlr.BaJlli

jlrx

rpa,Hr{rly HaBoAe ce oBaKEu yftaArr, KoJH ce TeruKo xpoHonoluKlr vTBpbyjy. O6pasnaxcyhu ron$r-rqconalbe noceAa nopoAHLIe l{opnag, Koja ce
Hiiaqara r'reby rcpanNuHHLIM nporHBHItuLIMa, crroMurbe ce npenaq HeaHuura KopnaAe ca 6ocaucrcuu lrrusMaruqlzMa y noApyqje Socyra, tcoje
cy 6panunn .{onaunHrc Eoronr u Flranola Xapanr. ,Hana,qa.ru cy 6HrI4 noparKeH,r{, 3a[oBeAHI{K yrxeaheu II .fiocJrar. KpaJbv )Kurnyruy y Eynnu,
rAe cy ra KqrsE ByKJTH yrlT,qaMa, 3arHM ,je y6ujea, pa[FleperreH I'I H3J1O'
xden r<ao o[oMeua ApyxltMa.so

Apyrn YnaA y Hcro noApl,rqje (Bazakuz) npnrarcyje ce HBaHIrury

Xopnary rr HeKoJruqanrr capaAH,r.rra (Jlag,ucnan 3euar, Cre$au Xegepnapu, EepucJraB, caHoBarl Hnaur,ura llaluxcue). Kao H,rlxoeu noiuohHr-rqn
lr3pr-rlr'lmo ce HaBoAe ,,6es6pojuu rrara]ia H rrrH3Marr{rJa 6ocancrcu r.r pa[raHcKLr". Ha rrux je rpenyna nojcxa )KurlryngoaHx npucraJraqa rojoj
cy Ha qerly 6qln Hsrcona fopjancnz Mnabu u @turur. Kopob, ca,qaunrlr
ll HeKaAarrJrlH Mar{Ba.HcKu 6a:e. Kpamere eojcronobe cy oAHene no6egy,
HsaH'l,rlrr Xopnar ce jqqBa cflacao, AoI( cy Apyr.r{ BeruKarrrn sapo6JbeHu
H fl:rocrrarr.r Kpar,y ]ftir,r,ryn4y la 6yly Kar{6eHrz.sr .[,orc ce oiraj nperxoAHrr Harra4 yoffure ue Aaje xpoHonolrrKu nperln3rzparr{, onaj ce craBJba
y aBrycr---terrrelr,6ap 1387, npeua no.qarrrtMa o Kperarr,'y' rJraBHlrx ra9-:
,uocr,u.t Hernega Aa rrosre rora nopa3a u noru6uie eoAehlrx rurqHocra,
a8 O TaprxoaoM paroBarby 14 BJraAarby y .qa.nwraqrjr r Xpnarcxoj nocrojr
noce6so ricrpa)KlrBarre M. Arr.uha, Bosanska. ulast u Hnsatskoj i Dalmociji 1387Beorpag 1985 (neo6jaeJ6errn Marr'tcrapcKr pan).
-1394,ae Vn. ts'rproP;uF., ltcropuja cpedtoaexoexe docaucxe dpttcoae, 156-157.
so Fejer, Codex diplomatians X/1, 42H30.
51 Starine 39,279.
62 Ha ose 3agpruge 6op6e y rojrua cy gapo6nenz sarroBeAgrqt4 us ra6opa
llP,alg,u]Jra XopBara, cBaKaKo ce oAHocI,t rre3ana>r(eHo t$JraraEe &r,rpenrNncre Cronica uolgare di Anonimo Fiorentino, ed. E. Beliondi, RIS: 27, Cittii di Castello 1915'
56, rIoA roAJ4EoM 138?. 6es rlpell]43Hr4jer Aaryrvla. Bpahajyhn ce uo rpehn IIyr yHyTpalrrrlxM 6op6arvra y Vrapcroj serro3narl4 xposr{rrap 6e;ren<u cyxo6 6aua llear:urtJa
(Ciambano) vt ctr:fra y6r,rjenor naJIarI4Fa (Gran Conte): Erano coloro c'assalirono
duasi tutti della gent-e dLI fietiuolo del Grac Conte; il quale era istato morto dale
combatteano;
detto Giambano, come a detto di sopra, e per quello
-morti,animosamenteGiambaro
e'suoi
poi che da ciascuna delle parti fuionb molti
finalmente
si fuggl e
pure
prcsi.
Giambano
i"Ia
iurono vinti e sconfitti, e quasi tutti morti o

C. M. Brprorlh

64

Kocoscxa 6r,rrxa. y uelyaapoguoll KoHTeKcry

Mapuje u )KHrMyH,qa cMarbyjy cBojv aKTI,IBH,ocr raKo Aa

vrapcKoir\4 KpaJbeBcKoM naPy rJraBHH ilpoTr.rBHl,Iqu ocTajy KPat6 TBpTKo I
npor,r{Brrr.lrllr

.I{ KrIe3 JtraeaP.

O genonary rcreea Jlasapa ocrao .ie cavyean H3BeruTaj

{i;

KacreJrzura

1,j

Ma reKcrv Hrarcona je ognasao ,,nJretleHrrroM roc[roArrny Byny aojno4u,

3eTv BeJreMO)r(HOra MyXa Jla3apa, KHesa Paulne", ca 3aAaTKoM Aa npeFOBapa o cTBapHMa ,,Koje cy Ha KoprrcT Barrrv u paruKe 3eMJ6e".$ BepoBaTHO

je

TO rrpo.qyr(eTaK

Jlaeapou. Kao
.+

1389. roAriHa. O HenpujarerbcrBy rzsnaeby nHeea

Jlasapa r.r KpaJba ){tarnaynga roBopu rr jeguo raqHo AarLrpaHo rrHcMo

el, 24. Qe6pyapa 1389. roquue.ss Y nelry ce HaJraxe Aoojuqr-r nnelrwha
Ea ce 6pv,HV o qyBarry npoJrasa Ir Mecra 'nax(H,Hx sa o.ufipauy Cranonuje,

jsp ce

ca3HaJIo .qa Hsau'H,ru Xopnar u Hr,atuilr flanuxrHa Hauepaeajy

qa rrpoBaJre y Cnanonr-rjy. Kpa-n o6anerurasa Aa noJra3u na Jla:apa ,,4a
6n ra cupevnrur Aa Ha[aAa Harue KpalbeBcrBo u \a 6ura npxcrlnr{nr{ Aa ce
noKop.a,Ba HarrrrrM HapetJeeuria"

Y oguepanaliy xpoHorc,ruje, uacrojarsy Aa ce yrBpgrr Aa Jr.l.r

[oMuperre
6wo. 6tnx<e .nJraHr.rpar{oM )KarruryugoaoM noxoAv y
9no
Qe6pyapy puru Kllex(eEoj nora6uju y jyHy, Tpe6a HMarH Ha yMy Aa HaM
je cavyaauo nyuouohje, roje.je rcpalr, )KanlrynA rAao 7. jyna 1389.
Hrlronrl lopjancxou Mnabeu sa [peroBope ca ByK]oM Spanrorr,rheM. flpeHcrrincHyo.ss

j,e

rpag{ Konr.rna o roMe Aa rr,yAu ruresa Jlasapa Hauagajy rpaq lony6ag,

Aa ra ryKy oficn4nrrM cnpaBaMa (urn rononuwra) u la cy noca4y AoBerIu
y rerKarc nonoxaj. Ift.rclro je raroaauo noKperHHM [paaur.rKoM (Aau node Apyre HeAerbe Benr.rr<or nocra dominica Oculi), noju y roAHHaMa
roje ,4pnase y o6srzp (1387, 1388, 1389)
nalp y Meceq uapr (anu 2. vrnu
13. trnu 22). Kaxo je nanag ,ua Mauaaucny 6auoenny 1387. 6:.ro, cnaKaKo,
rac+lr.rje, HerAe yoqu ocno6oltema Kparrrrqe (ncrveran jyna 1387), ocrajy
Kao BepoBarHuje 1388.

65

[peroBopa H perueFba r]osrlfrHvTlrx ca

Iuro je npemocraBrrao K. Japeverc.

KHe3oM

Y oguoculra Tnprxa I ca rcpamera )Ku,ruyH4on HeMa raKBe npoMeHe.

Moxcga oH o rrperoBopHMa Jlasapennu wje 6uo Hr.r daBeurreH. Y cBaKord cJryqajy ro lraje npoMeHr.rJro rreroB oAHoc- rrpeMa Jlaaapy, TaKo Aa
Hnje oAycrao oA crrarca noMohHor oApeAa Ha KocoBo. Oa je, yocra;roM,
ca TyprlrdMa r.rMao oAaojeHa Jror{arHa cy4ap jour cpe.qrrHoM 1388. ronvHe. OAaBHo je nosnara 6eaerurca A\r6poBaqKor Jreronzcrla, no rcojoj je
6ocaHcnr.r BojBoAa Bnalrco ByxorHh noryKao Typrce ro,4 Eranehe 27.

aBrycra 1388. ro,qr-rHe.v }by norapbyjy u AoueKrre ncflpawbajy (cyaap je

6uo 2_3 AaHa parruje) uoqarpr Hs 3a,rucHzra .ay6poaa.rKlu<-s;eha-us rux
\ana. UB r6r.rx ce Br.rgr, .qa cy Typrfl{ 6unu y ApytrrrBy ca fi,y4wv.a Flpba
II Crparpurponuha Banruraha, vuju je [ocJraHr4K noopeAoBao sa ,{y6poeqaHe KoA rypcKor 3anoBe,qHr.rKa TTTa1uHa, n Aa cy
,[y6ponvann yxaaheue
Ap6anace qpeAaBaJr,ri Flrybenrlu ibyAr.rMa.ss forbso-.qa
Mo)Ke 6uru
cyMrbe y ro Aa cy Typull npoApnu y Trprrony Ap)KaBy"eHa no.qprnlaj
Fypba II Crpa4rauapoBnha. Euo je ro Hacr.aBaK Ayroroqr{r[rber paroBarra H uenpr.rjare:rcriaa Tnprrcosor c Earruxhaua, Koje ce Hapoqrrro
3aourrpuJro [ocJre 3ay3nMar*a Koropa. O,q rypcKor noxoAa y aBrycry
1388. o6e crpaHe uonasyjy Br{ue noMnpJb}iBocrlr, TaKo Aa Ay6ponavrn
[ocJraHr.nqE y Eocnu y jeceH 1388. nperorapajy ,,o cJrG?n r{ [p]rjarer6crey" nocpegyjyful rarrreby sanabeue roqroAe. flperonopu cy ce, cBaKaKo, IlacraBunv n y Mapry 1389. Kaqa je 6ocaacrcu Krre3 Muprco Paaojenr.rh, wrjr-r he cun rcacuiaje noraHvr.rl na Kocooy, rryroBao rpeKo
[,ydpoauure y 3ery.t llourperle c -Inprrcou y MecerraMa rrpe 6arKe
ltorno je orBop,Hrlr nyr Fypby II Crpaunuuponnhy lreby canesnnr<e
H.a KocoBy. Mopa ce, uebyrr.lv, uMarr y BHAy 4a je on 6uo cynrauon

Hnrurai ce He 3Ha o roMe rcaxo je npo.rrrao KpameB noxoA, aKo ra

npeAy3qMao, arv ce 3Ha Aa cy ce oguoclr ,ueueby )Krarl,ryu4a
y_IIanpa r4)oMeurlJru nerge aslrei:y oBora AaryMa rr KHelKeBe norur6uje.

je yonnrre

lJ-adpajajyhrz *troro5pojue sacnlre Hurione fopjawcnor Mlaber, rcpars

){ftr'myng ce y cBojr-rM noBerr,aMa ceha ga je oi ,,Jlaeapa, KHe3a Kpa-

JbeBcrBa Parurte, lcojlr ce Ha HeKH HarrIlH Lr3,ByKao HcnoA Haure jypuc,q[K4uje, concreeHoM MapJr,rdBorruhy a 6,rarourhy rrpuByKao noA oKpHJbe Ha-

ruer BetrnqaHcrBa, TaKo 4a je o6ehao ,{a he oHe c.nyxc6e u 4axc6une

je 3a )KHBora Kpama Jly.{owrrca, Tac'ra u orra Harlcra , 6uo npwny5o.ye,

beu- ga Bpur1.r H maha, uenpruaearlr u nrdharu HaMa".sa llorepgy sa

cpebueame o.qHoca y oBoM cMHcJry Mox(eMo natur y nonox<ajy Maqsalrcrce 6anosune. Terc rcag je rcues Jlasap ,rroruHyo, HsaHau Xopear je
sayseo AHcrpr{KTe Mavny u Eennu r.r AprKao rrx AoK ra lopjaHcrra nr-rje

fra' qu4i presi furono molti gentili e nobili uomeni ungheri e quasi tutti
di quella setta di Giambano, de'quali, che presi vennero, gli fe'mittere in^pregione;
e poi la-sera, ch'era_giir notte, fe tagliare la testa a trentacinque; e poi alpoiUi ai
fece anche tagliare la testa a Otto (raxo y r3Aar$y yruecro btto, ocanr); ia quat
cosa' come Giambano seppe, con poca brigata se n'ando in Bossina e quivi si stette
sanza far pirl guerra; nel paese i detti morti furon tutti della setta del re carlo

sSamp!_t

trtHa tlcroM Mecry: Dum itaque post hec ex presentis labilis mundi concita.
cione Omorath Turkorum imperator cum ipso Lazaro kenezio. grande commisisset
bellum et in' eodem bello ipsi Omorath ei iazarus supplicium dortiJ paJiiextitissent, pretaxatus Johannes banus noster infidelis, pretendens se i,n suis detestabilibus actibus exaltari posse, post huiusmodi conflictum districtus nostros de Beleen et
de Macho rabide invadere et occupare non expavit, quem preallegatus Nicolaus,
tunc banus noster de Macho, sua cum potencia invadens et eundem exinde eiciens,
ipsosque districtus de manibus ipsius infidelis militariter et virtuose eripiens, nostris subiugavit dominio el dicioni. IIpeBoA Ha ,,rcroM Mecry y HacraBKy rrperxoAHor

terzo,

s OAaerto, o6jaa;beno nncMo o rrarraAy na lo;ry6aq npeueo caM y rleJrtar,{ y

xt$u>Kttrl,\forlg6a4 y cped*e,n seKg, Ilox(apeaaq 1968, 29-30, 4aryjyhrl r! orcrapuo y
[eproA 1382-1389. [i4cMo KpaJ6a X(vrnryuga o6janneuo je s]aue nyra, najra.rwrje
-

y: A. Sztaray-G. Nagy, A naggmihi"lgi es sztcLr-ai gr6j Sztdrag cialail okleubt

fdra I, Budapest 1887, 485: cumque nos dc presenti contra Lazarum proficiscirnur,
eum. ab insultibus regno nostro hactenus illatis prohibendo, eumque ad nostra
maudata astringendo [...].
s4

oAJroMKa.

s flzcuo je

F. Sisii, Nekoliko ispransa 1...7, Starine 39 (1938) 2?9: Idem, Nicolaus de

.
virtute in virfutem gradatim ascedens, Lazarum kenezium regni Rascie, qui quodam
modo a iurisdiccione nostra se retraxerat, humanitate et industria suis propriis in
s_inum reduxit nostre maiestatis, illa servicia et easdem dacias, quas et qire vivente

o6jaBrbeno y: J: Gelcich-L. Thall6czy, Raguzd 6s MagAaroszd.g

okletsaltor a, Budapest 1887, I 13-1 14.

57 Annales P"agtsini
'sszekijttetdseinek

Anonymi itern Nicolai de Ragnina, ed. S. Nodilo,

48.

s PeJresanrxe ognyxe Ay6poea.rxlrx Beha y: Aurruit, Odagxe aefto II, MO-43,

480, o AaryMy 14 noJu4Tl4trKoM KoHTeKcry yn. BrlpKoBr4h, ncroryjd cpedtroaexoeue
6ocaxcxe dpcrcaee, 15?-159.
6e tsrproarh, IIctoyruja cped*oeercoete 1ocauclce dpxaee, 159.

domino rege Lodovico, socero ei patre nostro, eidem facere et'dire astri6tus fuerat,
nobrs soluturum et exhibituru,m. Ilpeeog y: Eurxa Ha KocoeA 1389. zoduHe, 174-

-l?5-

:Ls;

KocoBcxa 6lrrra y velyuapognotr KoHTeKcry

C. M. Erpxoaxh

Je M:UIO BepoBaTHO ,qa cy ce OH LIJIH IEerOBa BOJCKa 3aIeCHiILI

xpruhaHcKoM ra6opy
Hd ceera urro je Ao caAa r.I3Hero BI{,q!I ce Aa je repl-ITopnja oulo<
Koju cy ce Ha KocoBy cyrr,porcraBurrH ivlypary 6uta Y noJlo)Kajy H3Meby qeKuha Ii HaKoBrla, H3Nreby Myparonnx Ba3arla Ha jeA,Hoj crpaHn
rl Kparba )KanuyH4a H oHHX KojH cy ra norp.?KaBaJIH, Ha Apvroj crpa{u1 Canro og ce6e ce HaMehe rrarar*e Haje ru uslteby ABe rpyne npoBaSaJI, TIa

rrrBHHKa 6nno capa4r6e lr ycKJlabasar6a arc4LIja. ,{na ra6opa cy, HapaBHo, 6una npocropHo o,qBojeHa. npHnaAaJra cy peJIIIrHo3Ho c!trIpor-

uaga je y Mlnparouou ra6opy 6r.rno xprurhaua ueby xpuruhancrnM Ap)I(aBaMa rypcKax npujarena,
KaKBal je y ro \o6a 6wra Beseqr'ria. H,nax, ano je rpa;r X(nruVnA uo
crurad rroMr.rpeme ca Jlasapol,l lralo .je BepoBar.Ho 4a je ua rbera no.
.q,r.r3ao TypKe. A;ra, ca Tnprxolr nr-rje 6uno [roM!Ipe]6a, Ha rbera je xpaE
noAu3ao eojcry, y Bper{e KaA ce neh cpyuHna onyja ca HcroKa. 36r.rsaI6a cy ce HeKar(o arycHyJra oxo B4qoo4ana 1389: Trprno I ie Cnrnrhariruta ua raj ,r{aH nocraBno poK aa npe4ajy, Mypar I ce yovr-r rora
AaHa 3areKao Ha Kocony, KpaJb )Ifurruyng y ro B.peMe npllKyruba nojcry
npor.iq ,,6ocancnor 6aHa", KaKo oH Ha3LIBa Toprra. ,(a ln je cre to
cratsJbeHr-rM cBeroBrrMa,

'.'i5,

cr(Hx Ba3aJra,

;r.
'i..'.

rryrcal cryqajHocr?

Hu.auo jegaH ueacroprauheH asnop rcoja ei.r,ure ynyhyje Ha rpararbe Hero rrrro HyAH o4roBop. Y cenrervr6py 1389. (Fpanvecrco Kapapa,
6r.lsf,rtr{ roofloAap la4one, Es6a.ren !r3 rpa.qa H cBpxHyr c rocnoAcrBa
oA crpaHe Fau-Iarearra BHcrcoHruja, pa3Marpao je ca caojuru pobanolr

Cre{auou Kpunrllr (@paHrconau) uoryhlrocra Aa ce Bparn y cBojy .qpx<any. Cre$an je cnoue carclBopHuKy, r-rsneby ocraJror, caBeroBaol ,,rrAr.rre Kpary Eocse, noju mroro Mp3H BHcKouruja (y reKcry je: el cunte
del Vertu, rj. Comes Virtutum, HaAHMaK uog xojum je 6uo no3Har) s6or
nouohr.r nojy je 4ao TypvaHy xa4 .ie Hauao peqeHor Kpuuba. OH he sau
qat;r. uouoh H noApluKy a r{aHahe ro paAo Ha rurery Bncnonrnja (del
conde di Vertu)".o
To.ce, HapaBHo, Mopa oAuocr{rn .na KocoBo, aJrH je ryawue rrrrypo
r-r. ne gaje ocHoBe 3a KoHKpeTHe 3arcrbyrrKe o roMe narco je rocrroAap
Mranaua 5ao yveurau y 6a.nnaHcne nocrroBe. BacroHra je racuuje 6ao
up,r.rjaper Eajaalrra a ro Huje rpao. Y BpeMe rojuu ce oB.qe 6anr.r,vo
on je 6ao caBq3HlrK BeneqlrjaHarla, roju cy orer V 060 epeue 6utu
caBesHnur{ KpaJba )Kraruyu4a, a flporuBu]rrlrr cBr.rx [traHoBa rojn 6a
Mornl4 AoBecrH Ao rerurrer rroBe3lrBarba jqqse a ,qplre o,6are JaApatra.
Hacytnpor caBa3y asnaeby Tnprra, Jlaeapa H Byra ca jy)ItHol{rarajaucxral Aluryjqsivra ,rr npoAy)Kerr(orvr Ao (Drpenqe (ory,ua roJIHKo HHrepecoBarse sa SarnaHcra s6asal6a), Morao ce o6pasonar:.r caee3 )KHrMyHAa, Benequje n Brrcnosrr-rja ca npo.uylKerKoM ,qo HeKor og Myparooroq Ba3:ura veliy 6arrraucnu"rr xpu,iuhaaHva. V csanoN{ cnyvajy, Kapapa je oAJry'iIHo Aa H,qe y Eocny, a 3araM y Helravxy, urro 3HarIH Aa
je @pauxonaHoBy cyrecrujy os6nrbHo cxBarao H Aa je MHcJrHo Aa ce
nal TsprrcoaoM crasy .\{o)l(e rpajIHTr.I geKa noJTuraKa.
m Rerum Italicarum scriptores XVGG fasc. 3: ... io vi consiglio che voy
andiate al re de Bossina, el quale odia molto el Cunte de Vertu per socorsi che lui
a dato a Turcho in ofensione del ditto ro...

i:r'

;'..

L1

Epr.urrultoo 3arileAaFbe y Kotlliperue oKoJrHocrJ4, V3 MaKclIMarHo

ropuruherre u3Bopa, norcaeyje Aa ce He Mory oAp)Karll ABa rnaBna
crioa wa nojnua ly nouirila,re nonynapue rpeAcraee o KocoecKoj 6u,l1n'
Hena ocuose Aa ce saMIilxJLa Kao cy-no5 npcra fi nonyMece4a, Kao
orurrra l.rcJlaMcKo-xpuurhaucru cyAap rrorrvT paHxx H rro3Hli;{ KpcrafrKHx paroBa (rarea je 6lro noxo4 eanprueH 6urrolr rog Haxonoma).
Kues Jla:ap H KpaJr' ?uprno 6vnu cy oAceqeHn o,a, xplurhaucne Enpone
nojacon noE enaruhy li yrHIlaje,lr Kpaira ilirlrvynla Jlyrccelr6yprur<or.
floueslr crpaHarra y xplrurhancnor,r ra6opy pednentyjy fipucycrBo nojeAunarJa u.'ru rpyni y cny;r6u oHrrx x.c.iu cy 6anit ca 'Iaprnon. Hlrie
nocToja"ra noryhiocr .la ce H3 Vrapclie lip-aft,a iKarrtyHqa npltrcyn'lajv
,Iby,qg sa parooane c Typut.6'ra, an11 je 6lrno llol'yhe yKft'\reIlrTg parHHKe
Hs peAo-Ba KpajbeBrrx .ilpoTllBl{l{Iia i(aIiBIl cy 6nnlt HeaH'iaur Xopna'r,
Hnanr-ui flanllrNua H Apyrl{ HclaI(HVrtI oAMeTHLIIJI'I, npacral'lrqe IIa4ncnaea Hallyn'cxor. FIa tblrx ce rlory olHocI{rII noNIeHH Yrapa rann HeMaqa y asnopinua 5ltlNtr.rn -torabajy; o,nil nacHttju He 3acnylKyjy na,Krsy, HapoqHTo TypcKH xpoFlrruapH ca orpoMHHM KaTaIrO3HMa HerIpHjarerola r neuoryhllr,r 6pojearnra patuitKa.6r
Apyra norryJlapHa sa6nyAa norlrqe o,II nPellorueru-a npeAcraBa I:t3
Ha4LIja rr Ha4HoHatIH]IX Ap)KaBa Ha 6urHo 4pyrvall'r
[roAepHor
-y cBeTa
caer
Ao6a KocoBcxe 6Hrxe. IpehyrHo ce npernocraBjba A.a ce Typrrl{Ma cy,fiporcraBuJra jeguHcreeua cpncKa Ap)KaBa rcojou je BJraAao
rues Jlasap, HaKo je oAaaHo rro3naro D,a cy ce ocraIJH HeKaAailn*er
npocrpaHor rlapcrBa npeo6pasunrz y ocaNlociraJreHe repllTopuje- rocnogipa HejeAuanor
paura r.r iejegHare cHare.62 Cre$an Tnp15o I, , npa.ru
'Eocne,.u-Cre$arr
nnee Jlasap, roanoAap Cp6a a flogynan*,a,
Cf6a w
Hrncy BnaAarI.r je4H,orl LIcroM AP)KaBolv{, N'lr Byn Epauronnh r<ojrz ce
na.aipy nonopan.o Kao cIrH oq'1, ,Huje 6rao. naivrecnnK cBoxa racra, leh
caMocraJrau roonoAap ca cBoJoM Tepi'lTopaJorf, ABopoM, aojcltolr u Quuancuj.ar'ra.

flpenosHana*e cJroi(eHocrn xpunrhaHcKor ra6opa,

I{HAHBlI!,yair'Ho-

caKyrrlUiil lI npeABo.{,aJIIl, HeolD(o'4'Ho je sa

pa3v.eleBarrle [ocJleAl44a no noje,qlrue yqecHHKe rI pa3JrHKa y ruIeAqbY
ira 6urxy H H,eH HcxoA. Kpa.n Teprno je r'mry6rao,qeo paruuxa-na KocoBy, TpyAao ce ,qa orryna eapo6:r'euuxe, ani beroBa cuara urtje 6Nla

cra onux xoj.u cy aojcre

na'.je .vorao ,ta rIacraBI-I AaBHo aano'Iere 6op5e

""Oiriu.t'o"v"ApMaua,
caj
nparrelr )KnrlryHgolr. Oryaa je oH uorao Aa o6aBeurraaa caoje ca'
negnr.nce y @Hpenqr,t H cBoie ncl,:IaHlrrce y Tporupy-na ie r-rsuojeeao
nd6e4yr, j-ep -[aypar je nori+ayo, a cua .je ]H,arvcruo 6o!'uo nome, MaAa
He Henocpe,qHo nocJre 6urrce. 11 I+eronor'{ HaaeuriaaaH'y- o xpuruhaHcKllr{
xtprralra: ,,ys norr-r6njv Hani.ix arlr IIe Nlilorax", pe$nenryje -c-e cran
npe.va ruresy Jlasapy, Hclro;bett icur nspaeltnrje y sayurnarry-_MaqBarl'
cie 6auonnne o;1 Crpane Teprrtouor caBe3HtIKa i{ capaAHHKa HsaHrlura
61 Vn, caga S. Cirkovid, O sastauu i snazi Lazareuog tabora na Kosouu, vojnoistorijski glasnik 2 (1989) 15r-168.

'

62 Hexa npcra pt{BaJlcrBa uslrely TBprKa I r rgega Jla3apa ol{praBa ce }ia

rulaHy TrlrryJrapue cilrr6onrre, IrrTo je pal$rie 3anax<eHo. Y pagy Ilt4T. y Han. I
yrlo3optio caM rra oguoce ,{y6poaqaHa npeMa teputoprja,rxoi rocnoAr rla rJry HeKaga
Aarrr*er cprrcKor rlapcrBa.
-no"ereOg.rara*e nocJlaucrBa Jlasapy x ByKy c vroa6ou

norapAe cae paHraje

ipttcrltx BnaAapa 6rano je cr{ryPHo ilrounrcano o6s"pt4Ma npeMa TBprKy ,r rseroBoj yJrost{ KpaJ},a Cp6ltua.

C. M. B.rproarh

68

Xopnara. Byrc Epaur<oBrh je ocrao )KHB, caq\fBao je csojy reprropr.rjy

n 6Ho npeAoApebeH Aa npuxBarr Bo.uenY Yrory KoJy Je 3a )KlrBora
nIvrao xubs Jlabap. OH y jyny 1389. eo.qu rperoBope ca,xpa.ren )KlrMVHAoM H caMocrarrHo tp-ebyje odHoce ca Eajasrlroivt. Hcxo.xon 6arre
siirerrce cv norobeHu Jla:apeau HacireAHtnlra, uuju ce craBoBH, acKVnoineAu pe$nenryjy y rel(croBaMa o I(He3y Jlaaapy, y noBe.tru
rrarrra" Cre$aHa Jla3apear.rha, y X{uruiy AecroroBoM H ApyrLIM BHAoaN,r*ra rpag^r.u1uje. cre .qo KpHrt{rrKe I{cro-pHorpa0Yje- ra tpagw${ja je
npeby,qrio,

yrlraarla na yrynHo 3HaI6e o KocoBcKoi 6uuu.

Kocogcra 6lrrra y uebynapoAnou KolrreKcry

buted secondary importance to both Prince Lazar and Vuk Brankovii,

the ruler of the territory where the battle took place. His prot6g6 IvaniS Horvat, the leader of the Naples adherents, took the territory along
the Sava (the Madva banatus) after the Battle of Kosovo. After the battle, Vuk Brankovid took the leading place among the Serbian lords that
had previously belonged to his father-in-law Prince Lazar- The worst
7.

:i
tt'.

.il

Sima M. Cirkovit.
r

THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE BATTLE OF KOSOVO

Summary
In spite of great interest in the Battle of Kosovo, the diplomatic intrigues and conflicts that led to this great confrontation have not been
explained. From the time that the sources arose up until modern literafure,
general motives have been resorted to, primarily the Ottoman's unrestrainable expansion. A prerequisite to a more accurate understanding of
events is a reconstruction of the political map from the years preceding
the battle and a minute analysis of available material regarding all steps
undertaken by the interested parties at that time. The rulers of the territories opposing Murad I at Kosovo did not have common borders with
the invading Ottomans artd were separated from them by a belt of Murad's vassals, some of whom were independent rulers of parts of the
former Serbian state.

King Tvrtko I, Prince Lazar and Vuk Brankovid, were also separated from Christian Europe owing to a conflict within the Hungarian
Kingdom in which they supported the followers of Ladislas of Naples, the
adversary of Queen Maria and King Sigismund of Luxembourg. While
Tvrtko I remained the enemy of the Hungarian king the entire time preceding the battle and continued to put pressure on Dalmatian cities and
rule parts of Croatia, Prinoe Lazar reconciled with King Sigismund between February and June 1389, through the intermediary of his son-in-law Nicholas de Gara the Younger.
Murad's first wide-scale attack on Serbia was in the spring of 1386,
which did not result in a battle. According to unknown sources used by
Mavro Orbini, Prince Lazar and Vuk Brankovii became Murad's vassals
afterwards. A substantial Turkish detachment invaded the territory of
King Tvrtko in August 1388, and was beaten at Bileda. Ttris attack was
the result of encouragement by the ruler ol Zeta, Djordje II Stracimirovii
BalBiC, who made peace with the Thrks in 1386 and became Murad's
vassal.

Tvrtko I announced in his letters that Murad had attacked him

and been defeated and lost his life in battle. The King of Bosnia attri-

69

of the battle were felt in the territory of Lazar's underfor by the deceased Prince's wife, Princess
Milica (her convent name: Evgenija). The literary tradition arising on
that territory influenced the notion of the Battle of Kosovo and its
consequences

aged heirs who was cared

outcome.