Voulume III - Technical Annex

Nyadi Hydropower Project
Feasibility Study
Final Report
Volume III Technical Annex
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Design calculation
Optimization study
Cost estimate and financial
Analysis
Access road design report
Photographs
October, 2010
Nyadi Hydropower Limited (NHL)

Feasibility Study
Final Report
Volume III Technical Annex
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G
Appendix H
Design calculation
Optimization study
Cost estimate and financial
Analysis
Access road design report
Photographs
Quality control
Prepared by:
Signature
Date
Basanta Bagale
Lochan Devkota
Sumin Shrestha
Basanta M. Shrestha
Uttam Dhakal
Checked by:
Saroj Lal Shrestha
Approved by:
Bharat Raj Pandey
October, 2010
Nyadi Hydropower Limited (NHL)
Report Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
VOLUME 1
MAIN REPORT
VOLUME 2
INVESTIGATION ANNEX
APPENDIX A HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENTOLGY
APPENDIX B TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
APPENDIX C SITE INVESTIGATION (GEOLOGY AND
GEOTECHNICAL
VOLUME 3
TECHNICAL ANNEX
APPENDIX D DESIGN CALCULATION
APPENDIX E OPTIMIZATION STUDY
APPENDIX F COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL
ANALYSIS
APPENDIX G ACCESS ROAD DESIGN REPORT
APPENDIX H PHOTOGRAPHS
VOLUME 4
MAP AND DRAWINGS

APPENDIX J TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS
APPENDIX K GEOLOGICAL MAPS
APPENDIX L CIVIL DRAWIGS
APPENDIX M ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
Hydro Consult

Feasibility Study Volume III
APPENDIX D
DESIGN CALCULATION
NYADI HYDROPOWER PROJECT

FEASIBILITY STUDY
October, 2010
Nyadi Hydropower Limited
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
Weir Hydraulics
Orifice Design
Settling Basin Design
Penstock Design
Anchor Block Design
Surge Tank Design
Headloss Calculation Sheet
Power and Output Energy Calculation
HEC RAS Result
Turbine Design Calculation
Tailrace Tunnel Design
Level Determination of Powerhouse and tailrace
Hydro Consult
Weir Hydraulics
NOTE : The design of the Headworks Weir Arrangment has been done on the basis of Hydraulic Model Studies carried out at Hydro Lab Pvt Ltd. The detailed information
about the study result has been compiled on Hydraulic Model Study of the Headworks of Nyadi Hydropower Project.
Weir
26.50
21.00
8.000
10.21
12.000
Calculation of U/S and D/S cutoffs, and Uplift Pressures

Discharge (100 yrs flood)
Length of weir
Weir crest elevation
Coefficient of discharge
Length of U/S floor
Length of sloping glacies
Length of D/S floor (Stilling basin)
Total floor length
m3/sec
m
masl
Cd
m
m
m
m
509.00
14.00
1381.50
2.10
26.50
10.21
21.00
57.71
Q = CLH
Head over the crest
m
U/S TEL
masl
Water level elevation U/S of the weir can be determined using the Bernoulli's equation and iteration
6.69
1388.19
U/S bed level

U/S total energy
Water depth
m
m
m
1372.90
15.29
14.93
m
m
masl
1387.83
0.87
1388.70
3/ 2
Ec
y1 =
q
2 g ( E o y1 )
U/S water level elevation (HGLu)

Free Board
Guide wall Crest Elevation
1372.9+14.93
Depths of cutoffs
Scour depth U/S and D/S of the floor is determined by Newzealand Formula.
[Equation provided by Bharat Raj Pandey and used in Marsyangdi-III Hydroelectric Project (MHEP-III)]
Discharge intensity
q
m3/s/m
U/S Water Depth
Velocity of Flow
Cross Sectional Area of Flow
Width of Flow
Constant
Y
V
A
B
k
Scour Depth measured from HFL
dS
m
m/s
m
m
=k.Y.V.B/A
Depth of U/S cutoff below the U/S HFL
=1.25 ds
Level of bottom of U/S cutoff

Therefore, U/S cutoff depth below U/S floor
Provided U/S cutoff depth
1387.83-7.97
1371.5-1379.86
m
m
m
m
masl
D/S water Elevation

Depth of D/S cutoff below the D/S HFL
Level of bottom of D/S cutoff
Therefore, D/S cutoff depth
Provided D/S cutoff depth
Uplift Pressures
=1.50 ds
1378.07-9.57
U/S floor elevation

D/S floor (basin) elevation
Length of U/S cutoff
Length of D/S cutoff
m
m
m
m
masl
masl
m
m
Page 1 of 2
36.36
14.93
2.66
209.04
14.00
0.62
6.38
7.97
1379.86
-8.36 Cutoff Not Necessary
8.00 ADOPT
Result from HECRAS Analysis 1378.07 WSE at RS 18 (Chainage 0+160)

9.57
1365.46
3.54 Cutoff Required
6.00 ADOPT
1371.50
1369.00
8.00
6.00
U/S Cutoff Elevation

D/S Cutoff Elevation
D/S Curtain Grouting Depth
1363.50
1363.00
6.00
masl
masl
m
[Reference: DWPF page no. 74 & 75 (Case 4 and Case 5) and table VII-5 of page no. 100]
Check for Thickness
For 100 yrs flood
U/S portion upto the just below the orifice
Total downstream forces acting (F1) = Weight of water over the concrete + Weight of the concrete
HFL
Low Flow
Assume thickness
2.2 m
2m
Upward force (uplift pressure)
160.20938 KN/m2
122.625 KN/m2
Downward force (weight of concrete +Weight of water)
213.00938 KN/m2
170.625 KN/m2
Factor of saftey
1.400 ok
1.330 ok
U/S portion upto sloping portion starting from just below the orifice
HFL
Low Flow
Assume thickness
2.2 m
2.6 m
160.20938 KN/m2
122.625 KN/m2
213.00938 KN/m2
160.5 KN/m2
Factor of saftey
1.310 ok
1.330 ok
sloping portion
HFL
Low Flow
Assume thickness
3m
2.8 m
160 20938 KN/m2
160.20938
139 2272 KN/m2
139.2272
211.2272 KN/m2
206.4272 KN/m2
Factor of saftey
1.490 ok
1.320 ok
Stilling Basin
HFL
Low Flow
Assume thickness
3.2 m
3.2 m
160.20938 KN/m2
160.20938 KN/m2
216.0272 KN/m2
216.0272 KN/m2
Factor of saftey
note: this thickness can reduced gardually upto 1.5m
1.350 ok
1.350 ok
Check for exit gradient

Seepage head
Depth of central cutoff (assume)
Intermediate cutoff
length of weir section
Total floor length (creep length)
b
a
=b/d
=
Permissible exit gradient

Exit Gradient
GE per
GE
G E
1+
1+ 2
2
=1/6
h
1
d
For Added Safety

Provide the drainage hole of dia 0.15m at 2.8m C/C throught the section
Page 2 of 2
Normal flow condition

Flood flow condition
12.500
9.761
57.710
57.710
97.710
8.143
97.710
8.143
4.602
4.602
0.167
0.167
0.155
0.121
OK
OK
Hydro Consult
ORIFICE DESIGN-1
Date
Job :
Job No:
Calculated by:
Checked by:
Design Considerations/Assumptions
1. The intake opening will be submerged orifice, and may be open during full flushing
2. The orifice will be above river bed level to exclude bigger sediment
3. The top level of the orifice will be just below normal water level so that floatinig debris can be excluded,
4. The design discharge is 11.08 m3/sec
5. Velocity will be limited to 0.5 to 1.1 m/s during normal flow conditions for the exclusion of bed load and floating load to remain at the trash rack (Ref: Emile Mosony 2/A)
6.
7.
8.
9.
20% of the design discharge is taken as Flushing discharge at gravel trap and settling basin during the period of continuous flushing
Normal water level 1381.5 m
River bed level at intake is taken as 1371.6
During high flood condition the radial gate will open accordingly
1 Input Data
Percentage Exceedence
~40 %
Design turbine discharge (Q power) =
11.08 m3/sec
Gravel Flushing Discharge (Q SF) =
10%
Sediment Flushing discharge (Q b) =
10%
Set Velocity (V) =

Orifice height/depth (H) = assumed
No of bay
Central pier thickness (t)
Each bar thickness
Spacing of each bar
Width of orifice provided (B)=
Normal Water level (NWL)=
Invert level of orifice
0.60
3.50
3
0.50
0.01
0.25
2.25
1381.5
1376.5
m/s
m
nos
m
m
m
m
m
m
Discharge coffiecient (c) =
0.60 for roughly finished masonary

orifice
Accleration due to gravity (g)=
9 81 m/sec2
9.81
Plan sketch
2 Calculation
2.1 During Normal Flow Condition
3
1.108 m /sec
Gravel Flushing Discharge (Q SF) =

Sediment Flushing discharge (Q b) =
3
1.108 m /sec
Total discharge (Qdesign) =
3
13.30 m /sec
Net area of orifice required

Gross horizontal opening
No of bar in each bay
Net horizontal opening provided
22.16
7.25
8
6.51
Net vertical height of orifice required (H)=
m2
m
Nos
m
3.40 m
OK
22.79 m2
1380.00 m
Net area provided

Top level of orifice opening
Check the discharge in headrace canal by the formula below;
h = (Q/AC)2/2g
h
hh(normal)
Q = A.C. (2g (hr-hh))=
V = Q/A
0.05 m
1381.45 m
3
13.67 m /s
Orifice size is ok
0.60 m/s
Velocity Ok
TRUE
2.2 During Flood Flow Condition

The radial gate will be open accordingly to pass the high flood
h
3 Output
No of orifice =
Orifice Height (H) =
Each Orifice Width (W) =
Clear vertical spacing of bar to bar =
Thickness of central pier =
3
3.50
2.25
0.25
0.50
Nos
m
m
m
m
I:\ED\Jobs\OPEN\751220 Nyadi Implementation\03Reports\Final Review 30 MW as per Damodar Hydrology_23 Nov\VOLUME III - Technical Annex\Appendix D - Design Calculations\2.Orifice self sheet Q=11.08_November 22, 2010.xlsx
Hydro Consult

Hydraulic Design Review of Settling Basin
Note: Size review (Ref. Feasibility Study Report March 2000)
3
11.08 m /sec
Design flow (Q T)
3
1.108 m /sec (10% of design flow)
Flushing discharge (Qflush)
Total discharge in basin (Qbasin) =
12.188 m /sec
No of basin
1 nos
first trial
3
12.188 m /sec
Discharge in one basin (Q1 basin) =

Criteria: > 90% settling of
0.2 mm
Fall velocity (w)
0.02 m/sec
1.5 cm/sec
For 0.2 mm particle and 150C temperature
Water temperature
15 0C
Assume inlet transition 1:5 expansions, which gives the performance parameter m = 1/5 (very good performance)
Use Vetter's equation and Hazen's method to calculate Settling basin surface area:
Performance parameter m
1-h = (1+m w Ap/Q) (-1/m)
h = 1 - e - (w*A/Q)
= 0.125
A, m2
A, m2
2200
2190
2180
2170
2160
2150
2140
2130
2120
2110
2100
2090
2080
2070
2060
2050
2040
2030
2020
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1940
1930
1920
1910
1900
1890
1880
1870
1860
1850
1840
1830
1820
1810
1800
1790
1780
1770
1760
1750
1740
1730
1720
1710
1700
1690
1680
1670
1660
1650
1640
1630
1620
1610
1600
1590
1580
1570
1560
1550
1540
0.973
0.973
0.972
0.972
0.971
0.971
0.970
0.970
0.969
0.969
0.968
0.968
0.967
0.967
0.966
0.965
0.965
0.964
0.964
0.963
00.962
962
0.962
0.961
0.961
0.960
0.959
0.959
0.958
0.957
0.956
0.956
0.955
0.954
0.954
0.953
0.952
0.951
0.950
0.950
0.949
0.948
0.947
0.946
0.945
0.944
0.943
0.942
0.942
0.941
0.940
0.939
0.938
0.937
0.935
0.934
0.933
0.932
0.931
0.930
0.929
0.928
0.926
0.925
0.924
0.923
0.921
0.920
2500
2480
2460
2440
2420
2400
2380
2360
2340
2320
2300
2280
2260
2240
2220
2200
2180
2160
2140
2120
2100
2 00
2080
2060
2040
2020
2000
1980
1960
1940
1920
1900
1880
1860
1840
1820
1800
1780
1760
1740
1720
1700
1680
1660
1640
1620
1600
1580
1560
1540
1520
1500
1480
1460
1440
1420
1400
1380
1360
1340
1320
1300
1280
1260
1240
1220
1200
1180
93.856%
h
Vetters equation
0.964
0.963
0.962 Hazen's equation
0.961
0.960
0.959
0.958
0.958
0.957
0.956
0.955
0.954
0.953
0.951
0.950
0.949
0.948
0.947
0.946
0.944
0.943
0 943
0.942
0.940
0.939
0.938
0.936
0.935
0.933
0.931
0.930
0.928
0.926
0.925
0.923
0.921
0.919
0.917
0.915
0.913
0.911
0.909
0.906
0.904
0.902
0.899
0.897
0.894
0.891
0.889
0.886
0.883
0.880
0.877
0.874
0.871
0.867
0.864
0.860
0.857
0.853
0.849
0.845
A used
0.841
0.837
0.832
0.828
0.823
= 1 e
wA s
1 = (1 + mwA / Q
Page 1 of 2
1700
)( 1 / m )
Hydro Consult
1530
1520
1510
1500
1490
1480
1470
1460
1450
1440
1430
1420
1410
1400
1390
1380
1370
1360
0.919
0.917
0.916
0.915
0.913
0.912
0.910
0.909
0.907
0.906
0.904
0.903
0.901
0.899
0.898
0.896
0.894
0.893
1160
1140
1120
1100
1080
1060
1040
1020
1000
980
960
940
920
900
880
860
840
820
Calculate basin width based on Vetter's method:

No of chambers
Flow per chamber, m3/sec
Assumed width, m
Required length for 1700 m2
=assumed (area/ width)
Minimum depth = Q/BV
Maximum flow velocity V = 0.44*SQRT(dlimit)
Where, dlimit = 0.15 mm
V=
0.20 m/s
Adopt two basins width of
Required inlet transition length@1:9 (For
1
12.188
8.000
212.50
7.74
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.804
0.798
0.793
0.787
0.781
0.775
0.769
0.763
0.756
0.749
0.742
0.735
0.727
0.720
0.712
2
3
8.8542
6.094
4.063
13.281
8.000
8.000
13.28 Width and Length ratio OK
106.25
70.83
3.87
2.58
(ref. Civil works guidelines for micro- hydropower in Nepal, page # 73)
Adopt
25
25.00 m (transition from 3 m wide canal to 16
Horizontal transition)
m wide settling basin)
Sediment storage in two chambers:

S = Q*T*C
S - sediment load in kg stored in the basin
Q - Discharge in m3/sec
T - sediment emptying frequency in seconds
C - sediment concentration of the incoming flow in kg/m3, assume
Sediment density
Packing factor of density
Sediment load (S) =
Volume of sediment
Required depth
Total required depth
Water level at settling basin
Bottom level of Beginning of parallel section
Available head for flushing
39.5
28800 (8 hrs)
10,000 ppm
2600
0.5
3510144
2700 1
2700.1
3.08
6.952
10 kg
Kg/m3
Kg
m3
m
m.
7.00 Adopted
1377.50 m
1370.50 m
6.625 m
Checking for flushing of deposition in settling basin
Stable
Stable
particle
particle
size, based size, based

on Shield's on ACI
simplied
h,
b,
m,
a,
p,
R,
n,
h:m
0.40
0.50
1.00
0.20
1.30
0.15
0.015
0.43
0.50
1.00
0.22
1.36
0.16
0.015
0.45
0.50
1.00
0.23
1.40
0.16
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.25
1.50
0.17
s,
1350.1 m3
6.09 m3/sec
4.88 m3/sec
25.00
8.00
93%
2
106.00
3.90
3.08
7.98
m.
m
3
m /s
0.02
2.71
0.54
33.85
305.00
0.02
2.76
0.59
34.78
316.26
0.015
0.02
2.79
0.63
35.36
323.29
0.015
0.02
2.86
0.71
36.67
339.35
Total volume of sediment/No. of chambers

Total basin discharge/No. of chambers
80% of design flow of each chamber of settling basin
nos.
m
m
m
m
Adopted
25.00
8.00
93.00%
2.00
128.00
4.50
3.75
10.30
Page 2 of 2
mm
m/s
the gate is opened fully)

1.67 m3/sec
b*h*0.65*sqrt(2*g*H)
Assuming that the settling basin will not be empitied, only deposition will be flushed out
Vt= Vin + Qin*t-Qflush*t
Accumulated volume in time t = previously stored volume+discharge vol in
t time-outgoing volume due to flushing in t time
t=
-7.0 Min
Drain time
13.5 Min
Recharge time
3.7 Min
Total time required
10.2 Min
Adopted size of settling basin
Inlet transition length =
Width of chamber =
Settling basin efficency =
Nos. of chamber =
Length of parallel section =
Water depth in parallel section =
Required storage depth =
Total depth of settling basin including freeboard =
report
mm
Q,
The present table shows that at any height the deposited sediments will be flushed out.
Flushing time calculation for intermittent flushing of single chamber
Sediment volume in settling basin
Design inflow to settling basin
Inflow to settling basin during flushing
Flushing discharge (when
committee
formula
v,
m.
m
nos.
m
m
m
m
Hydro Consult
CALCULATION FORM
Date:
Job: Nyadi HP
Job no.
Input Datas
Drg. No.
Calc. by
Project Life Period=
30 years
Design Discharge(Q)=
12.19 m3/s
Tunnel Intake Level=
1381.50 m
Tail Race Water Level=
1032.00 m
Gross Head=
Length of headrace Tunnel (L)=
Basanta Bagale
751220 Chkd.
=1.1 times Design discharge
347 m
3955.00 m
Section Type of Head Race tunnel =>

Diameter of Tunnel=
3.20
X-section area of Head Race Tunnel (f) =
9.141 m2
Wetterd Perimeter of Tunnel (Pt)=
11.427 m
Hydraulic Radius of Tunnel (Rt)=
0.8 m
Area of Surge Tank(F)=

Tunnel lining Material=
Manning's Coefficient for Concrete lines Tunnel(n)=
Coefficient of Roughness for tunnel(K)=
19.635 m2
Concrete
0.015
66.667
Is calculated from
Manning's
Strickler Formula
= 1.1*L/(K^2)/(R^(4/3))
Ressistance Factor ()=
1.318059579
Damping Factor(m)=
0.014044698
Diameter of penstock (dp)=

Area of X-section of Penstock(Ap)=
Diameter of pipe after tri-forcation(dtp)=
Orifice Head loss Coefficient(d)=
1.75 m
2.405 m2
1m
1.843
Hydro Consult
CALCULATION FORM
Date:
Job no.
Job: Nyadi HP
Drg. No.
Objective: Calculation for the submergence in the surge tank
hs > 1.5*Vp^2/2/g
where,
hs= Submergence Head
Vp= Velocity in Penstock
g= acceleration due to gravity
Vp =Q/Ap
Where,
At= X-section area of Tunnel
Q= Discharge through Tunnel
12.19 m3/sec
dt= diameter of Tunnel
3.2 m
At=
9.141 m2
Vt=
1.333 m/s
Gordon (1970)
S = kv d
S= submegence (ft.)
k= coefficient 0.3 for symmetrical approach
0.30
0.4 for unsymmetrical approach
0.40
Submergence (S)
1.73 m
Submergence (S)
4.80 m
Submergence (S)
0.14 m
Considered submergence (S)
4.800 m
Prosser (1977)
S = 1.5d
ITDG Manual
v2
S 1.5
2g
Calc. by
751220 Chkd.
Basanta Bagale
Hydro Consult
CALCULATION FORM
Date:
Job: Nyadi HP
Job no.
Summary
Drg. No.
Calc. by
Basant Bagale
751220 Chkd.
Surge Calculated from Finite Difference Method

Upsurge
Surge Level
Downsurge
Max. Surge
Surge Level(m)
Open all Valves from closed stage=

1390.288
Closing All Valves at once=

Absolute Maximum Surge=
Diameter of surge tank=

Free Board for Surge Tank=
1390.288
9.012
9.012
Max. Surge(m)
1367.665
12.485
1376.604
4.672
1367.665
12.485
5m
1.712 m
Submergence head=
4.8 m
So,
Total surge in Surge Shaft=
21.497
Now,
Static Water level=
1381.5 masl
Water level of Highest Upsurge=
1390.288 masl
Level of Lowest Downsurge=
1367.665 masl
Level of the top of ST=
1392.000 masl
Level of Center of Head Race Tunnel=
1360.265 masl
22.623
1392
1.712
Thickness of Surge Shafts

Estimated
Elevation form
Elevation to
Height(m) Thickness(m)
Reinforcement
(t)
Volume of
concrete
Wt. of Concrete
1362.224
1363.224
1.000
0.398879524
orifice
1363.224
1370.046
6.822
0.9
2.285
877.8524706
219.4631176
1370.046
1376.868
6.822
0.7
1.656
823.843969
205.9609922
1376.868
1383.690
6.822
0.5
1.065
771.550023
192.8875057
1383.690
1390.512
6.822
0.3
0.513
720.9706326
180.2426581
3194.217095
798.5542738
Nyadi Penstock Alignment Bend details surface plus vertical shaft

S.
Chainage,
Anchor
Identific-
Hor.
Verical
defln
Angle with
Angle
horizontal
Ver. delection
Easting
X
Northing
Y
m (from
angle degree
PS
TP
VB1
VB2
CB3
VB4
VB5
CB6
VB7
'Degree'
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.24
0.00
0.00
1.62
0.00
a 'Degree'
1 0.00
2 17.45
3 39.71
4 93.62
5 156.02
6 213.07
7 273.07
8 333.075
9 393.066
0.5
0.83
0.83
6.14
16.97
35.28
22.29
21.36
12.83
0
-0.01
5.31
10.83
18.31
-12.99
-0.93
-6.61
-12.83
541632.30
541632.97
541633.82
541635.89
541638.28
541629.31
541619.88
541610.45
541602.02
3134827.46
3134810.02
3134787.78
3134733.91
3134671.55
3134615.21
3134555.95
3134496.70
3134437.30
10 440.616
VB8
0.00
14.75
-14.75
541595.33
3134390.23
No.
ation/SOP
Anc to anch.
hor distance,
Anc to anch incl

Length at pipe
coordinates) bottom (Leff), m

0.00
0.00
17.45
17.45
22.26
22.26
53.91
54.22
62.40
65.24
57.05
69.89
60.00
64.85
60.00
64.43
59.99
61.53
47.55
Bend angle
Bend angle
Clockwise (downturn bend) +ve
Anticlockwise(upturn) -ve
55.35
Cumulative
Ground
Invert
Level , masl
Level, m
0.00
17.45
39.71
93.93
159.18
229.07
293.92
358.34
419.87
1393.95
1380.24
1362.72
1349.74
1331.08
1290.71
1265.11
1241.64
1227.98
1355.50
475.22
1213.76
Length
of pipe, m
Invert
level diff,
m
Pipe
Groundinvert
height,
Thickness
m
-38.45
-24.99
-7.79
-0.61
-1.00
-1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00%
-1.46%
-1.44%
-10.76%
-30.52%
-70.76%
-41.00%
-39.11%
-22.77%
10
10
10
10
16
16
22
22
1227.980
0.00
0.25
0.32
5.80
19.04
40.37
24.60
23.47
13.66
1213.320
14.66
-0.44
-26.34%
1355.25
1354.93
1349.125
1330.080
1289.710
1265.111
1241.643
475.22 m
Pipe Summary:
underground
1750
ID Pipe L
1750 ID Pipe L
200.16 m
675.38 m
stock Start, TP = Tunnel Portal, VB= Vertical Bend, CB= Combined bend
5.Penstock Calculation_350MPA_Q=11.08_November 22 2010.xls
Uphill
ground
Gradient
1450
ID
Pipe L
1000
ID
11.00 m
Pipe L
Transition
(1.751.45)
43.23 m
1.2 m
slope, i
Allowable
bearing capacity
22
30
30
30
30
30
25
25
25
25
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
22
20
160
Nyadi Penstock Calculation

Weir Elevation
Turbine Level
Design flow
Static head
Length of penstock pipe
Youngs' modulus of steel
Yield Stress of steel
Steel Specification
Required Safety Factor
Steel Density
Water Density
Welding efficiency
1 USD
Rate of Steel
1381.5
1034.5
11.08
347.00
675.38
200,000
350
350
350
SAILMA 350
2.5
7850
1000
0.9
71.25
170.5
Qd
Hg
Lp
E
S
SF
Rate of Steel
Nos of turbine units
Number of nozzle in each turbine units
Surge Head
NOTE:
t w = (Pi * d * FOS /( 2 * y * w ) ) + 2
Effective Thickness =
Pi = w * g * H T
V =
<20mm THK
20~40mm THK
>40mm THK
4 * Qd
*d2
kg/m3
kg/m3
Rs
Rs/kg
Surge Head = 0.15 x Static Head
Water Hammer =10 ~15 % of static head (Refer:E. mosonyi, Pg 715 (old))
2.39 USD/kg
3
2
15% Static Head
Penstock permissible velocity for properly settled water with respect to abrassion, v = 3 to 5 m/sec
(Refer: Mosonyi High Head Power Plants Volume Two/A page 330)
Segment #1
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
m
m
m3/s
m
m
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
N/mm2
51.42 m
159.22 m
Elevation
1330.08 m
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
1950
Penstock flow velocity,V m/s

Handling Thickness, mm
Gross thickness, mm
9.03
4.40
8
7.74
4.65
8
6.71
4.90
8
5.87
5.15
8
5.18
5.40
8
4.61
5.65
8
4.12
5.90
8
3.71
6.15
8
Effective thickness, teff mm
4.88
5.11
5.34
5.57
5.80
6.03
6.26
6.49
Internal Pressure, N/Mm^2

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
Weight of steel, ton
0.58
7.71
59.13
4.10
OK
41
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.92
OK
45
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.75
OK
48
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.59
OK
51
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.45
OK
55
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.32
OK
58
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.20
OK
61
0.58
7.71
59.13
3.08
OK
65
Segment #2
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
105.00 m
124.02 m
Elevation
1274.20 m
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
1950

Gross thickness, mm
9.03
8
7.74
10
6.71
10
5.87
10
5.18
10
4.61
12
4.12
12
3.71
12
7.88
8.35
8.82
9.29
9.76
10.23
10.70
11.17
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.54
OK
32
1.18
15.75
120.75
3.00
OK
44
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.84
OK
47
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.69
OK
50
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.56
OK
53
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.93
OK
68
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.80
OK
72
1.18
15.75
120.75
2.69
OK
76

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
Segment #3
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
157.00 m
176.63 m
Elevation
1222.20 m
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
1950
9.03
12
7.74
12
6.71
14
5.87
14
5.18
14
4.61
16
4.12
16
3.71
16
10.79
11.49
12.19
12.89
13.60
14.30
15.00
15.71

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.78
OK
69
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.61
OK
75
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.87
OK
94
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.71
OK
100
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.57
OK
107
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.80
OK
129
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.67
OK
137
1.77
23.55
180.55
2.55
OK
144

Gross thickness, mm
Segment #4
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
Gross thickness, mm
232.75 m
75.75 m
Elevation
1156.20
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
1950
9.03
16
7.74
18
6.71
18
5.87
20
5.18
20
4.61
22
4.12
22
3.71
25
Page 2of 3
15.02
16.07
17.11
18.15
19.19
20.23
21.28
22.32

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.66
OK
40
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.80
OK
48
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.63
OK
52
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.75
OK
62
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.61
OK
66
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.72
OK
76
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.59
OK
81
2.63
34.91
267.66
2.80
OK
97
Segment #5
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
Gross thickness, mm
1250
9.03
18
16.98

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.65
OK
21
Segment #6
Static head
Length of penstock
Diameter, d, mm
Gross thickness, mm
1250
9.03
20
18.94

Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.64
OK
23
267.75 m
35.00 m
1350
7.74
20
Diameter, d, mm
Gross thickness, mm
Surge Head, Hs m
Total Head, Htot m
Factor of safety
Check
weight of steel
weight of steel with Wastage (5%)
Cost of steel, USD
Selected Diameter =
Section
Length of penstock of section, m
Static Head, m
Surge Head, m
Total Head, m
Pipe Thickness. mm
Pipe weight. Ton
Penstock pipe
Expansion Joints
Stifners, saddle, wear plate
Weight of 1.45 m dia pipe
Weight of 1 m dia pipe
Total weight of Steel
Total Cost of steel, USD
1121.20
1450
6.71
20
1550
5.87
22
1650
5.18
22
1750
4.61
25
1850
4.12
25
1950
3.71
28
18.18
19.38
20.58
21.78
22.98
24.18
25.37
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.75
OK
25
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.58
OK
27
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.67
OK
31
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.53
OK
33
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.72
OK
40
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.59
OK
42
3.02
40.16
307.91
2.76
OK
50
302.75 m
35.00 m
1350
7.74
22
Segment #7
Static head
Length of penstock
Elevation
Elevation
1086.20
1450
6.71
22
1550
5.87
25
1650
5.18
25
1750
4.61
28
1850
4.12
28
1950
3.71
30
20.30
21.65
23.01
24.36
25.72
27.07
28.43
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.71
OK
27
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.54
OK
29
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.72
OK
36
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.57
OK
38
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.72
OK
45
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.59
OK
48
3.42
45.41
348.16
2.64
OK
54
351.45 m
69.76 m
Elevation
1030.05
1250
1350
1450
1550
1650
1750
1850
1950
9.03
3.96
22
7.74
3.96
25
6.71
3.96
25
5.87
3.96
28
5.18
3.96
28
4.61
3.96
30
4.12
3.96
32
3.71
3.96
36
21.67
23.24
24.81
26.39
27.96
29.53
31.11
32.68
52.72
404.17
2.54
OK
51
52.72
404.17
2.69
OK
62
52.72
404.17
2.52
OK
67
52.72
404.17
2.65
OK
80
52.72
404.17
2.50
OK
85
52.72
404.17
2.54
OK
96
52.72
404.17
2.57
OK
109
52.72
404.17
2.75
OK
129
277
305
730218
326
369
882081
363
402
961225
410
455
1089938
436
503
1203093
513
539
1289963
549
640
1530931
614
722
1727929
1750 mm
Segment#1
Segment#2
159.22
51.4
7.7
59.13
8
58
539
16
15
5.10
8.74
124.02
105.0
15.8
120.75
12
68
Segment#3
176.63
157.0
23.6
180.55
16
129
Segment#4
Segment#5
75.75
232.8
34.9
267.66
22
76
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
584 Ton
1,397,277.11
Page 3of 3
35.00
267.8
40.2
307.91
25
40
Segment#6
35.00
302.75
45.4
348.16
28
45
Segment#7
69.76
351.45
52.72
404.17
30
96
Hydro Consult
CALCULATION SHEET
Job Nyadi Hydropower Project (NHP)
Subject Anchor Block Design
Calculated By:
Date
Checked By:
ANCHOR BLOCKChainage:
Length of Penstock
Weir Level
Anchor Block Level
Ground Level
Young's Modulus ,E
Design Discharge, Q
Nominal wall thicknesss, t
Pipe internal diameter,d
Pressure wave velocity, a
Velocity in Penstock, v
Critical time, Tc
Closure time, T
Nos of turbine units
Number of nozzle in each turbine units
E
Q
t
d
a
v
Tc
T
CB3
0+156.02
675.38
1381.50
1330.08
1331.08
200000
11.08
16.00
1750
976.236
4.61
1.38
6
3
2
30
m
masl
masl
masl
N/mm2
m3/sec
mm
mm
m/s
m/s
sec
sec
Angle of internal friction
Unitweight
g of concrete
gconcrete
3
24.00 kN/m
Unitweight of steel
gsteel
3
78.50 kN/m
Unitweight of soil
gsoil
3
18.00 kN/m
Friction coeff
Coefficien of friction of soli
f
m
0.25
0.50
for steel to rusty plates movement, ITDG, Pg 7-9

RESULTS:
Allowable bearing capacity
2
160.00 kN/m
Deflection angle in horz bend

Deflection angle in vert bend u/s
Deflection angle in vert bend d/s
11.241
16.97
35.28
D
a
b
1/2 the distance betn u/s pier to anchor block L1u
for boulder mixed soil
Expansion
Safe When Check against overturning
Safe When Check on bearing capacity
Safe When Check against sliding
Contraction
Safe When Check against overturning
Safe When Check on bearing capacity
Safe When Check against sliding
4.00 m
1/2 the distancebetn d/s pier to anchor block L1d

Distance between two consecutive support
4.00 m
piers
L2u
8.00 m
Distance to upstream expansion joint
L4u
65.89 m
Distance to d/s expansion joint
L4d
5.65 m
7
6
Distance between consecutive anchor blocks
65.24 m
Penstock clear cover by anchor at uphill face
1.00
6.00
7.30
6.00
9.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
1.000
As exp joints is just 2.0m d/s from anchor block face
4
3
2
Asume width of block

Length of block
Assume height of block at upstream end
Number of support pier
Assume height of block at downstream end
Assume depth of burried at upstream
Increase the downstream depth by factor
Buried depth of block at d/s face
B
L
hu
hd
h1
h2
m
m
m
m
0.010
Base width
Base thickness
7.50
1.00
0
-1.00
14.6 4.866667
29.2 48.6666667
0.4 4.055556 4.866667
m
m
Projection Depth =
Page 1of 2
1.00
3.00
5.00
7.00
9.00
Surge head
Gross head
hs
hgross
51.420 m
76.40 m
7.30
2.433
6.00
Total head
htotal
127.823 m
7.30
4.00
3.397
0.667
3.397
0.667
Assume centre of bend at 1/3 of 7.3m from upstream

Volume of block
Notes : Surge head for Pelton turbine
2.433
6.00
3
215.393 m
2.433 m
= 1X7.3/3
V = B(L/3*hu+0.5*2L/3*(hu-hd)+(PD+hd)*2/3L)-pi ((d+t
6.00
5169.44 kN
WB = 215.393429762801X24
0.01
WP = 3.142X1.766X0.016X78.5
WW = 3.142X1.75^2*9.8/4
7.30
F1u = (23.57+6.97)X4XCOS(3.142X16.9720801281178/
Weight of block
V
WB
Weight of pipe
WP
6.97 kN/m
Weight of water
WW
23.57 kN/m
1.Weight of pipe and water perp to the pipe
F1u
116.84 kN
7.30
F1d
99.72 kN
F1d = (23.57+6.97)X4XCOS(3.142X35.281999258953/1 2.433333
F2u
58.42 kN
F2u = 0.25X(6.97+23.57)X8XCOS(16.9720801281178X 2.433333
2. Frictional force per support pier

Total frictional force
3. Hydrostatic pressure in vertical bend
Hydrostatic pressure in horz bend
525.78 kN
= 58.42X9
F3 v
959.75 kN
F3 = 2gX3.142X127.822646281088X1.75^2/4XSIN(3.142X(35.281999258953-16.9720801281178)X0.5/180)
F3 H
590.780 kN
F4u
134.060 kN
F4d
76.920 kN
6. Frictional force in expansion joint
F6
175.000 kN
7. Hydrostatic force on exposed joint
F7u
95.120 kN
F7d
111.970 kN
F8
16.240 kN
F8H
9.990 kN
F8 = 2X200000^2/[3.142X0.016^2/4)XSIN((11.241)/2X3.142/180]
9. Force due to reduction in pipe
F9
0.000 kN
For no reduction of pipe
10 U hill ground
10.Uphill
d slope
l
i
Ka
F10
4. Force parallel to pipe

Force parallel to pipe
8. Dynamic force at bend(vertical)

Dynamic force at bend(horizontal)
F4u =6.97X65.892515510314XSIN(16.9720801281178X3.142/180)
F4d =23.57X5.65XSIN(35.281999258953X3.142/180)
F6 = 100X1.75
F7u = gX3.142X[127.822646281088-65.892515510314XSIN(16.9720801281178X3.142/180)]X(1.75+0.016)X0.016
F7d = gX3.142X127.822646281088X(1.75+0.016)X0.016
F8 = 2X11.08^2/[3.142X1.75^2/4)XSIN((35.281999258953-16.9720801281178)/2X3.142/180]
30.000
30 000
0.000
Ka should be calculated when 2-1 is greater than unity
0.00 kN
F10 = 18X2^2/2XCOS(30X3.142/180)X0X6
The force acts on 1/3 of 2 from botom of the block

0.667 m
Force components
X direction +ve right
Y direction +ve down
Forces
Expansion Contraction
Expansion
Contraction
Check against overturning
F1u =116.84
-34.110
-34.110
111.750
Allowable eccentricity eallowable
F1d =99.72
F2u =525.78
F3 v =959.75
F3 H =590.78
F4u =134.06
F4d =76.92
F6 =175
F7u =95.12
-57.600
502.890
422.640
57.870
128.230
62.800
24.530
90.980
-57.600
-502.880
422.640
57.870
128.230
62.800
-24.522
90.980
81.400
153.480
-861.680
-587.940
39.133
44.429
49.997
27.766
F7d =111.97
-91.410
-91.410
-64.670
F8 =16.24
F8H =9.99
F9 =0
F10 =0
WB =5169.44
Total force
Force at the bend
7.160
0.980
0.000
0.000
1114.960
1114.960
Ai
Xi
Centre of gravity from the u/s of the block

Thus the weight of block WB acts 3.397 from left most point
7.160
0.980
0.000
0.000
60.138
60.138
14.600
1.217
3.397 m
-14.580
-9.940
0.000
5169.440
4138.585
-1030.855
4.867
4.056
111.750
1.217 m
Expansion
81.400
Cases
18394.612
-153.480
Moment about left mo
4.445
-861.680 ver bend Center of force
-587.940 horz bend
0.795
39.133
Eccentricity
44.429
Safe
-49.997
27.766
Check on bearing capacity
Abase
-64.670
Area of base
43.800
-14.580 ver bend
-9.940 horz bend
Force at base
0.000
5169.440
Check against sliding
3731.631
Sum of vertical forces
-1437.809
Sum of horizontal forc
19.467
38.933
4.867
Page 2of 2
eallowable = 7.3/6
contraction
14239.892
3.816
0.166
Safe
156.203
Safe
96.821
Safe
4138.585
1114.960
Safe
3731.631
60.138
Safe
NYADI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT

TURBINE DESIGN CALCULATION
Tunnel intake Level
1381.50 m
Generator Effeciency
97.00%
Transfermer efficiency
99.00%
Gross head, m
Dry season outage
Synchronous Speed
Turbine units
Turbine axis level
89.00%
347.50 m
Overall efficiency
85.47%
4%
Wet season outage
473 rpm
3 No
Length of tunnel
3950.00 m
Manning's coefficient
3.20 m
Height to the stringer
1.60 m
Number of nozzle
nj
50 Hz
2 No
650 m
Friction coeficient
0.0200 For shotcrete
Penstock Diameter
2
9.14 m
Sectional Area of tunnel
4%
Frequency
Length of penstock
0.014 For concrete
Tunnel Diameter
Probability excedence, %
1034.00 m
Turbine Efficiency
1.750 m
Tunnel Perimeter
11.427 m
40.00%
3
11.08 m /s
Design flow, m3/s
3
0.308 m /s
D/s release m3/s
Rated power Calculation

Gross head
Hg
347.500 m
Gross head = Turbine axis level - Tunnel intake level
Net head
339.370 m
Net Head = Gross head - Total head loss
Net power in kW
30000.00 kW
Net power in MW
PMW
30.00 MW
In MW Net power = 30000/1000
Net power in horse power
Php
40215 Hp
In Horse power Net power = 30000/0.746
Net power = Unit wt. of water x Overall efficiency x Design discharge x Net head
Page 1 of 3

Synchronous Speed
Specific Speed for single Jet (assume)
20.00
Ref: High head power plants E. Mosonyi Vol 2/B; Pg 859, eqn 28/101
jet diameter
dj
0.172 m
pitch circle diameter
1.862 m
Synchronous Speed
Ns
Synchronous Speed for multiple jets
Ns
397 rpm
561 rpm
no of pole pair
5.35
Take no of pole pair
6 Pairs
Calculated Synchronous Speed
473 rpm
Calculated Specific Speed (of runner with 2 jet)
37.6
Ns
Discharge in each unit, Qd/n
3
3 693 m /s
3.693
Qt
Ref: Water Power Engineering M.M Dandekar; Pg 310, eqn 13.3

Discharge per unit = 11.08/3
The actual velocity of jet at nozzle is given by
= K
v
2 gH
Vj
Where Kv Varies from 0.96 to 0.99
79.151 m/s
Kv
Nozzle Velocity = KvXSQRT(2X9.81Xnet head)
0.97
The speed ratio Ku varies frpom 0.43 to 0.47
Ku
Bucket velocity = KuVj
34.827 m/s
1.406 m
1.500 m
Qj
3
1.847 m /s
0.44
Ref: Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics P.N. Modi & S. M. Seth; Pg 1017
Bucket velocity = 0.44X79.151 m/s
Mean Diameter of the Pelton Wheel (pitch diameter) is
D =
Ref: Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics P.N. Modi & S. M. Seth; Pg 1017
60 u
N
Adopt
Pitch Diameter = (60X34.827)/(3.142X)
Calculation of Nozzle Diameter Method 1

Nozzle Discharge Qt/nj
Diameter of Nozzle, D/m
Adopt Nozzle, diameter
Here, actual specific speed for single jet

Nozzle Area
a 90
Discharge per unit = 3.694/2 m3/s
0.172 m
Nozzle Diameter = SQRT(1.84666666666667X4)/(3.142X79.151)
0.180 m
This should be equal to or greater than calculated nozzle diameter
26.040 rpm
2
0.0254 m
Nozzle area =3.142X(0.18X0.18)/4 m2
Calculated jet ratio
m
H
Number of buckets
8.33
20 No
Calculated jet ratio = 1.5/0.18

Number of buckets = 0.5X8.33333333333333+15
Page 2 of 3

Calculation of Nozzle Diameter Method 2
Total Area of nozzle required for the discharge in unit
2
0.047 m
Adopt jet ratio
11
Total nozzle area = 3.693/79.151 m2

Varies from 11 to 14
Diameter of Nozzle, D/m
0.136 m
Adopt Nozzle, diameter
0.140 m
Nozzle Area
2
0.0146 m
Number of nozzle
nj
3.195 No
Number of nozzle (adopt)
nj
3 No
Calculated jet ratio
11
Number of buckets
20 No
Nozzle Discharge Qt/nj
Qj
Nozzle Diameter = 1.5/11 m
Nozzle area =3.142X(0.14X0.14)/4 m2

Required number of nozzle = 0.047/0.015
Calculated jet ratio = 1.5/0.14

Number of buckets = 0.5X10.714+15
3
1.231 m /s
Discharge per unit = 3.694/3 m3/s
Bucket Dimensions in meter

Parameters
Method 1
Method 2
Low
High
Low
High
B = (4 to 5)dj
Width
0.720
0.900
0.720
0.900
L = (2.4 to 3.2)dj
Length
0.432
0.576
0.432
0.576
C = (0.81 to 1.05)dj
Depth
0.146
0.189
0.146
0.189
l = (1.2 to 1.9)dj
0.216
0.342
0.216
0.342
M= (1.1 to 1.25)dj
0.198
0.225
0.198
0.225
1.932
2.076
1.932
2.076
4.760
5.057
4.760
5.057
Setting Parameters
Outer Diameter of the bucket, Do
D+L
Housing diameter (0.78+2.06Do)

Setting height (0.5 to 1 +Do-B/2)
hs
2.072
2.626
2.072
2.626
Free height (hs-B/2)
hf
1.712
2.176
1.712
2.176
Maximum water depth
1+Do
2.932
3.076
2.932
3.076
Ref: High head power plants E. Mosonyi Vol 2/B; Pg 971

Turbine Axis level from Maximum TWL hsp
hf+Do/2
2.678
3.21
2.678
3.214

width of the tailwater flume, Bt
1.5+.75Do
2.949
3.057
2.949
3.057

Maximum Tailwater Level, MTWL
Minimum Turbine Axis Level required
Turbine axis level provided
Turbine Axis level from max TWL, h sp provided
1030.200 m
hsp+MTWL
1033.414 m
Turbine Axis = 1030.2+3.214
1034.000 m
3.800
Page 3 of 3
2.004
Hydro Consult
Nyadi Hydropower Project (NHP)

Subject: Tailrace tunnel
Data
Q design
3
11.08 m /sec
Q in each tunnel
3
11.08 m /sec
Let assume size B
3.60 m
Height of tunnel H
3.60
water depth D
H-B/2
1.90 m
slope sn
0.0013
1.80
750
0.020
Height of water at tunnel top dome (D-(H-B/2))
0.10 m
Angle subtended
0.0556 radian
Calculation
for D<(H-B/2)
for D>(H-B/2)
Wetted Area
6.84
Wetted Perimeter
7.40
Hydraulic Radius
0.92
Velocity limit
velocity normal
1.75
v =
1
R
n
2
3
1
2
3
11.85 m /sec
OK
Velocity
1.73 m/sec
Ok
Shield dn = 11RS
0.01 mm
Discharge
Summary
Breadth, B
3.60 m
Design Discharge Depth, H
1.90 m
D shape tunnel top curve depth
1.8 m
Total Height of Tunnel
3.60 m
Slope
1:750
Page 1 of 1
Hydro Consult

Subject: Tailrace canal below turbine
Data
3
11.08 m /sec
Q design
Q in each canal
Assume size B
Height of tunnel H
water depth D
slope sn
n
Height of water at tunnel top dome
Angle subtended
3.693
2.00
2.00
1.30
0.001
0.014
0.30
0.304692654
Calculation
Area
Perimeter
Hydraulic Radius
Velocity limit
velocity normal
m3/sec
m
m
1000
m
radian
for D<(H-B/2) for D>(H-B/2)

2.59
4.61
0.56
3
v =
1
R
n
2
3
1
2
3.99 m3/sec OK
1.54 m/sec Ok
0.01 mm
Discharge
Velocity
Shield dn = 11RS
Summary
Breadth, B
Design Discharge Depth, H
D shape tunnel top curve depth
Total Height of Tunnel
Slope
2.00
1.30
1
2.00
1:1000
Page 1 of 1
m
m
m
m
Hydro Consult

Fixing the level of powerhouse and tailrace
3
11.08 m /sec
Q design
1000 year flood level at Tailrace exit
Invert level of Tailrace tunnel outlet
Length of Main Tailrace
1027.00 m
1028.00 m
356.50 m
Slope of Tailrace (1 in)

Invert Level at 3.6m width Tailrace Start
Design discharge Tailrace water depth
Tailwater level
Calculated Height from turbine axis to tailrace WL
Turbine axis level calculated
Adopt Turbine Axis level
750.00
1028.48
1.90
1030.38
3.67
1034.05
1034.00
Adopted Height from turbine axis to tailrace WL

Provided floor level of PH
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
3.62 m
1032.50 m
Design discharge Tailrace water depth below turbine

Invert Level below Turbine
1.30
1029.08 m
Page 1 of 1
HEC-RAS Plan: Plan 01 River: Nyadi Reach: Nyadi PH site

Reach
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
River Sta
Profile
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Q100
Profile: Q100
Q Total
Min Ch El
W.S. Elev
Crit W.S.
E.G. Elev
E.G. Slope
Vel Chnl
(m3/s)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m/m)
(m/s)
(m2)
(m)
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
475
1019.93
1018.68
1018.24
1017.93
1017.78
1017.06
1016.19
1015.3
1015.08
1014.3
1013.85
1013.96
1013.88
1013.29
1012.26
1012.03
1011.72
1010.92
1010.41
1010.13
1009.76
1008.59
1007.25
1007.24
1006.29
1006.23
1005.39
1004.23
1003.82
1003.44
1023.92
1022.47
1022.12
1021.54
1021.17
1021.18
1020.39
1018.82
1018.58
1017.86
1017.53
1017.15
1016.69
1015.94
1015.44
1014.41
1014.15
1013.94
1013.99
1013.48
1013.06
1011.6
1010.97
1010.32
1009.09
1008.46
1008.12
1007.47
1007.04
1006.56
1023.92
1022.47
1022.12
1021.54
1021.17
1021.18
1020.39
1018.82
1018.58
1017.86
1017.53
1017.15
1016.69
1015.94
1015.44
1014.41
1014.15
1025.33
1023.86
1023.47
1023.02
1022.66
1022.41
1021.46
1020.22
1019.65
1018.92
1018.55
1018.2
1017.53
1016.83
1016.35
1015.42
1015.1
1014.72
1014.6
1014.51
1014.1
1012.65
1012.12
1011.35
1010.01
1009.35
1009.07
1008.79
1008.26
1007.82
0.009748
0.010482
0.009608
0.011018
0.010554
0.008716
0.00907
0.010923
0.008574
0.008137
0.008146
0.00894
0.009325
0.010002
0.009353
0.009798
0.008896
0.008473
0.005705
0.009287
0.009768
0.00983
0.008714
0.010029
0.01038
0.01159
0.011264
0.013995
0.010915
0.010731
5.51
5.35
5.38
5.71
5.69
5.31
4.89
5.47
4.82
4.81
4.73
4.92
4.49
4.64
4.82
4.18
4.15
4.52
4.02
5.15
5.11
4.97
5.06
4.83
4.59
4.22
4.45
5.19
4.96
5.04
92.59
92.92
95.2
91.07
91
101.37
107.21
93.16
108.86
110.8
113.34
109.43
121.46
118.36
116.59
109.65
112.68
123.72
140.79
112.05
109.54
108.27
105.45
109.63
114.81
114.8
111.24
94.84
98.91
97.73
33.32
34.45
36.09
34.37
33.59
39.75
48.76
37.08
49.75
52.14
56.06
51.41
70.64
70.25
62.54
55.08
60.31
64.12
61.96
54.32
52.48
51.97
46.99
54.8
62.8
66.02
59.55
45.13
41.95
39.9
1013.58
1013.48
1013.06
1011.6
1010.97
1010.32
1009.09
1008.46
1008.12
1007.47
1007.04
1006.56
Page 1 of 2
Flow Area Top Width Froude # Chl Water depth

(m)
0.95
0.98
0.95
1.02
1
0.91
0.89
0.99
0.88
0.86
0.86
0.9
0.9
0.93
0.92
0.9
0.87
0.85
0.71
0.91
0.94
0.94
0.9
0.94
0.94
0.96
0.96
1.08
0.98
0.97
3.99
3.79
3.88
3.61
3.39
4.12
4.2
3.52
3.5
3.56
3.68
3.19
2.81
2.65
3.18
2.38
2.43
3.02
3.58
3.35
3.3
3.01
3.72
3.08
2.8
2.23
2.73
3.24
3.22
3.12
Tailrace
HEC-RAS Plan: Plan 01 River: Nyadi Reach: Nyadi PH site

Reach
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
Nyadi PH site
River Sta
Profile
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Q2
Profile: Q2: 2 year return period flow
Q Total Min Ch El W.S. Elev Crit W.S. E.G. Elev

(m3/s)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
(m)
1019.93
1018.68
1018.24
1017.93
1017.78
1017.06
1016.19
1015.3
1015.08
1014.3
1013.85
1013.96
1013.88
1013.29
1012.26
1012.03
1011.72
1010.92
1010.41
1010.13
1009.76
1008.59
1007.25
1007.24
1006.29
1006.23
1005.39
1004.23
1003.82
1003.44
(m)
1022.46
1021.16
1020.76
1020.21
1020.2
1019.77
1019.17
1017.61
1017.3
1016.5
1016.21
1016.01
1015.8
1015.05
1014.36
1013.4
1012.95
1012.76
1012.71
1012.43
1012.01
1010.54
1009.71
1009.27
1008.17
1007.62
1007.21
1006.54
1005.91
1005.37
(m)
1022.46
1021.16
1020.76
1020.21
1019.77
1019.17
1017.61
1017.3
1016.5
1016.21
1016.01
1015.8
1015.05
1014.36
1013.4
1012.95
1012.76
1012.43
1012.01
1010.54
1009.71
1009.27
1008.17
1007.62
1007.21
1006.54
1005.91
1005.37
(m)
1023.36
1021.99
1021.61
1021.07
1020.76
1020.65
1019.96
1018.41
1018.08
1017.35
1016.99
1016.76
1016.4
1015.6
1015.01
1014.04
1013.65
1013.39
1013.17
1013.09
1012.67
1011.21
1010.49
1009.93
1008.76
1008.16
1007.8
1007.23
1006.63
1006.12
Page 2 of 2
E.G. Slope
Vel Chnl
(m/m)
0.012536
0.012946
0.011859
0.01262
0.006111
0.011552
0.012188
0.011709
0.012149
0.012552
0.012148
0.011079
0.011736
0.011083
0.011414
0.010217
0.009434
0.012028
0.007771
0.009379
0.010431
0.011186
0.010734
0.011499
0.011979
0.014094
0.014116
0.013559
0.013406
0.013474
(m/s)
4.33
4.09
4.19
4.28
3.43
4.3
4.03
4.06
3.99
4.1
3.98
3.99
3.79
3.67
3.86
2.82
2.66
3.77
3.39
3.99
3.96
3.88
4.03
3.74
3.6
3.21
3.48
3.71
3.78
3.87
Flow
Top
Froude #
Area
Width
Chl
(m2)
48.04
50.07
50.31
49.3
61.44
49.2
51.44
51.57
51.92
49.59
52.29
54.55
61.03
63.19
57.83
58.88
56.94
57.8
68.25
60.24
58.77
57
52.86
57.49
61.04
61.94
59.22
54.94
53.61
52.48
(m)
27.48
31.07
30.71
29.26
29.06
29.75
35.63
32.41
34.17
31.47
35.79
38.93
56.1
56.25
46.12
45.39
38.72
47.32
47.08
45.02
44.39
43.09
36.42
44.73
53.15
59.42
52.88
40.45
38.09
35.78
0.98
0.99
0.96
1
0.72
0.96
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.98
0.96
0.93
0.94
0.91
0.93
0.83
0.79
0.93
0.76
0.86
0.91
0.93
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.99
0.99
Water depth
(m)
2.53
2.48
2.52
2.28
2.42
2.71
2.98
2.31
2.22
2.2
2.36
2.05
1.92
1.76
2.1
1.37
1.23
1.84
2.3
2.3
2.25
1.95
2.46
2.03
1.88
1.39
1.82
2.31
2.09
1.93
Tailrace
Hydro Consult
Headloss Calculation

January 6, 2011
Sn
Description
Reference
Unit
Value
Turbine Discharge
Qt
Symbol
m3/sec
11.080
Orifice Discharge
Qo
m3/sec
15.512
m
m
m
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
Wo
7.500
Ho
3.000
Normal water level at weir crest

Turbine Axis level
Normal Tail water level
1
Orifice
Width of the Orifice
Height of the Orifice
Coarse Trashrack
Trashrack coefficient
Ktr
thickness of the bar
2.420
m
clear spacing between the bars
angle with horizontal, a
0.010
0.150
30.000
Gravel trap
Length
Lg
3.000
Width
Wg
3.000
Height
hg
1.000
angle of bend
degree
0.000
radius of bend
rc
100.000
Bend
Fine Trashrack
0.010
0.050
72.000
trashrack coefficient
Ktr
2.420
Approach tunnel
Length
Lac
55.500
Width/ dia
Wac
3.000
tunnel height
hac
3.000
Slope
1 in 500
0.0020
SB Bifurcation
Length
Lac
60.000
Width/ dia
Wac
3.000
tunnel height
hac
3.000
Slope
1 in 100
0.0100
128.000
Settling basin
No of bay
Length
Lsb
Inlet transition length
Ltr
25.000
Cross section area
m2
31.000
Perimeter
22.500
Average width
Wtr
8.000
Average depth
htr
10.000
3.200
Lt
3937.000
Tunnel Intake
Intake (Bellmouth)
Diameter
Tunnel
Length
Page 1 of 7
Hydro Consult

January 6, 2011
Sn
Description
Reference
Symbol
Unit
Value
3.200
Diameter
Dt
Total height
Ht
3.200
Concrete lined length
Lcon
1200.000
Slope
St
1 in 500
0.0020
Bend 1
radius
equivalent circular diameter
10.000
3.100
Bend angle in degrees
angle
22.000
radius
10.000
3.000
angle
38.000
Bend 2
10 Penstock
Length
Lp
675.380
Diameter
Dp
1.750
11 Branching and Valve Losses

Length of the branching (Total)
Lbr
42.500
Diameter 1
Dp1
1.750
Diameter 2
Dp2
1.550
Diameter 3
Dp3
1.100
Branch bend angle

surface roughness
friction factor
From Moody's Chart

From Moody's Chart
mm
0.015
f
12.500
f
Lbr
Kv
Length of the branch of dia 3

Valve loss coefficient
12
60.000
Lbr
Length of the branch of dia 2

friction factor
degree
30.000
0.300
Monthly Flow
Jan
3.57
Poush
(m3/s)
Feb
3.23
Magh
(m3/s)
3.75
3.38
Mar
3.21
Falgun
(m3/s)
3.08
Apr
3.86
Chaitra
(m3/s)
3.34
May
6.85
Baishakh
(m3/s)
4.38
Jun
17.13
Jestha
(m3/s)
9.31
Jul
32.54
Ashar
(m3/s)
24.95
Aug
37.73
Shravan
(m3/s)
40.12
Sep
28.39
Bhadra
(m3/s)
35.34
Oct
15.69
Ashoj
(m3/s)
21.44
Nov
7.70
Kartik
(m3/s)
9.94
4.60
Mangsir
(m3/s)
5.45
Dec
Page 2 of 7
Hydro Consult

January 6, 2011
SN
Description
Formula
Symbol
Unit
Design Value
Baishakh
40.00%
Jestha
40.00%
Ashar
40.00%
Shravan
40.00%
Bhadra
40.00%
Asoj
40.00%
Kartik
40.00%
Mangsir
40.00%
Poush
40.00%
Magh
40.00%
Falgun
40.00%
Chaitra
40.00%
Turbine Discharge
Qt
m3/sec
11.080
4.708
10.404
11.080
11.080
11.080
11.080
11.036
6.462
4.442
3.818
3.313
Orifice Discharge
Qo
m3/sec
15.512
6.591
14.566
15.512
15.512
15.512
15.512
15.451
9.047
6.219
5.345
4.638
4.782
m
m
m
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
1381.500
1034.000
1030.830
7.500
Normal water level at weir crest

Turbine Axis level
Normal Tail water level
3.415
1 Orifice
Width of the Orifice
Wo
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
7.500
Height of the Orifice
Ho
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
Ao
m2
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
Vo
m/sec
0.689
0.293
0.647
0.689
0.689
0.689
0.689
0.687
0.402
0.276
0.238
0.206
0.213
ho
0.067
0.012
0.059
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.023
0.011
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.067
0.012
0.059
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.067
0.023
0.011
0.008
0.006
0.006
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
0.010
Area of the Orifice
Ao=Wo x Ho
Velocity through the orifice

Difference in river water and canal
a.
water elevation at orifice

Headloss
=(Vo^2)/(0.6^2*2*9.81)
TH1
Total Energy Level
1381.433
2 Coarse Trashrack
Ktr
Trashrack coefficient
[GDHIP pg 67 & 68]
a.
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.500
0.00079
0.00014
0.00070
0.00079
0.00079
0.00079
0.00079
0.00079
0.00027
0.00013
0.00009
0.00007
0.00008
0.735
0.312
0.691
0.735
0.735
0.735
0.735
0.732
0.429
0.295
0.253
0.220
0.227
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Sin(ao)
ao=83
Trashrack Loss
=Ktr*(t/b)^(4/3)*SIN(ao)*(Vo^2)/(2*9.81) Losstr
Velocity at trashrack
m
m/sec
Headloss
TH2
Total Energy Level
1381.432
5 Gravel trap
a.
Length
Lg
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
Width
Wg
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
Height
hg
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
Manning's Coefficient
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.014
Average Sectional area at gravel trap
Ag
m2
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
2.035
Velocity inside the gravel trap
Vg
m/sec
9.911
3.008
6.647
7.079
7.079
7.079
7.079
7.051
4.129
2.838
2.439
2.117
2.182
Wetted Perimeter
Pg
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
6.713
Hydraulic Radius
Rg
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
0.303
Lossfr
0.16784
0.03030
0.14799
0.16784
0.16784
0.16784
0.16784
0.16652
0.05709
0.02697
0.01993
0.01501
0.01595
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.018
0.003
0.016
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.006
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
Friction loss
=(((Qo*n)/(Ag*Rg^(2/3)))^2)*Lg
Transition
Kc
Contraction coefficient
[GDHIP pg.58]
b.
Contraction Loss
=Kc*Vac^2/(2*9.81)
Losscon
radian
rc
Bend
angle of bend
q=50.5 o
radius of bend
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
100.000
Chezy's coefficient
C=(R^1/6)/n
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
58.542
Bend Coefficient
K=24(hq/r c)[sqrt(g)/C+2.5g/c 2]
Kb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
=Kb*(Vg^2)/(2*9.81)
Lossbend
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.185
0.033
0.164
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.184
0.063
0.030
0.022
0.017
0.018
0.010
[Flow through open channels, KG Rangaraju, Pg. no 267]
c.
Bend Loss
Headloss
TH5
Total Energy Level
1381.246
4 Fine Trashrack
[GDHIP pg 67 & 68]
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951
0.951

trashrack coefficient
a.
Trashrack loss
Velocity at trashrack
ao=72
Sin(ao)
Ktr
=Ktr*(t/b)^(4/3)*Sin(ao)*(G41^2)/(2*9.81) Lossftr
2.420
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.830
1.348
0.094
0.458
0.520
0.520
0.520
0.520
0.516
0.177
0.084
0.062
0.046
0.049
m/sec
5.762
2.448
5.410
5.762
5.762
5.762
5.762
5.739
3.360
2.310
1.985
1.723
1.776
Page 3 of 7
I:\ED\Jobs\OPEN\751220 Nyadi Implementation\03Reports\Final Review 30 MW as per Damodar Hydrology_23 Nov\VOLUME III - Technical Annex\Appendix D - Design Calculations\8.Energy calculation - Q=11.08 _40%.xlsx
Hydro Consult

January 6, 2011
SN
Description
Formula
Headloss
Symbol
Unit
TH4
Design Value
Baishakh
40.00%
1.348
Total Energy Level
0.094
Jestha
40.00%
0.458
Ashar
40.00%
0.520
Shravan
40.00%
0.520
Bhadra
40.00%
0.520
Asoj
40.00%
0.520
Kartik
40.00%
0.516
Mangsir
40.00%
0.177
Poush
40.00%
0.084
Magh
40.00%
0.062
Falgun
40.00%
0.046
Chaitra
40.00%
0.049
1379.899
6 Approach tunnel
a.
Approach tunnel Discharge
Qtunnel
m3/sec
12.188
5.179
11.445
12.188
12.188
12.188
12.188
12.140
7.108
4.886
4.200
3.644
3.757
Length
Lac
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
Width/ dia
Wac
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
tunnel height
hac
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
Slope
1 in 100
0.002
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Sectional Area of flow
Aac
m2
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
Wetted Perimeter
Wac
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
Hydraulic Radius
Rac
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
Velocity of flow
Vac
m/sec
1.517
0.645
1.424
1.517
1.517
1.517
1.517
1.511
0.885
0.608
0.523
0.454
0.468
Lossfr
0.042
0.008
0.037
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.014
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.042
0.008
0.037
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.014
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.004
Friction loss
=Lac*((Qtunnel*n)/(Aac*Rac^(2/3)))^2
Headloss
TH6
Total Energy Level
1379.857
6 SETTLING BASIN bifurcation
a.
Approach tunnel Discharge
Qtunnel
m3/sec
6.094
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
2.662
Length
Lac
60.000
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
55.500
Width/ dia
Wac
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
tunnel height
hac
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
Slope
1 in 100
0.010
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.0020
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Aac
m2
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
8.035
Wetted Perimeter
Wac
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
10.713
Hydraulic Radius
Rac
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
Velocity of flow
Vac
m/sec
1.517
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
0.331
Lossfr
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.011
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
Friction loss
Headloss
TH6
Total Energy Level
1379.845
7 Settling basin
No of bay
Discharge per bay
m3/sec
Length
Lsb
6.094
2.589
5.722
6.094
6.094
6.094
6.094
6.070
3.554
2.443
2.100
1.822
1.878
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
128.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
25.000
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Inlet transition length
Ltr
Asb
m2
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
31.000
Wetted perimeter
Psb
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
22.500
Hydraulic Radius
Rsb
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
1.378
Velocity of flow
Vsb
m/sec
0.197
0.084
0.185
0.197
0.197
0.197
0.197
0.196
0.115
0.079
0.068
0.059
0.061
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.003
Inlet transition
Ktr
Transition coefficients
[GDHIP pg 58]
a.
Lossit
0.035
0.006
0.031
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.034
0.012
0.006
0.004
0.003
Average width
Wtr
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
8.000
Average depth
htr
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
Average area
Atr
m2
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
80.000
Hydraulic radius
Rtr
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
2.222
Transition loss
=Ktr*(Vac^2-Vsb^2)/(2*9.81)
b.
Friction loss within transition
Losstr
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
c.
Friction loss
=Lsb*((Q*n)/(Asb*Rsb^(2/3)))^2
Lossfr
0.00073
0.00013
0.00064
0.00073
0.00073
0.00073
0.00073
0.00072
0.00025
0.00012
0.00009
0.00006
0.00007
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.150
0.006
0.001
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.041
0.007
0.036
0.041
0.041
0.041
0.041
0.041
0.014
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.004
[Friction loss calculation is done considering only one bay]
Outlet transition
Kc
Contraction coefficients
[GDHIP pg 58, for cylindrical quadrant contraction]
d.
Contraction loss
Headloss
=Kc*v^2/(2*9.81)
Losscon
TH7
Page 4 of 7
Hydro Consult

January 6, 2011
SN
Description
Formula
Symbol
Unit
Design Value
Total Water Level
Baishakh
40.00%
Jestha
40.00%
Ashar
40.00%
Shravan
40.00%
Bhadra
40.00%
Asoj
40.00%
Kartik
40.00%
Mangsir
40.00%
Poush
40.00%
Magh
40.00%
Falgun
40.00%
Chaitra
40.00%
1379.815
8 Tunnel Intake
Intake (Bellmouth)
a.
Diameter
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
4.000
C/s area
m2
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
12.566
Velocity of flow
m/sec
Coefficient for well rounded bellmouth
C
Lossin
Intake loss
Headloss
TH8
0.882
0.375
0.828
0.882
0.882
0.882
0.882
0.878
0.514
0.353
0.304
0.264
0.272
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.004
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total Energy Level
1379.811
9 Tunnel
Length
Lt
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
3937.000
Diameter
Dt
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
Total height
Ht
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
3.200
Concrete lined length
Lcon
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
1200.000
Slope
St
1 in 500
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
Manning's coefficient for concrete lining
nl
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Manning's coefficient for unlined tunnel
nu
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
0.022
Sectional Area
At
m2
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
9.141
Wetted Perimeter
Pt
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
11.427
Hydraulic Radius
Rt
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
0.800
Velocity of flow
Vt
m2/sec
1.212
0.515
1.138
1.212
1.212
1.212
1.212
1.207
0.707
0.486
0.418
0.362
0.374
a.
Friction loss in lined portion
=Lcon*((Qt*nl)/(At*Rt^(2/3)))^2
Lossfr
0.534
0.096
0.471
0.534
0.534
0.534
0.534
0.530
0.182
0.086
0.063
0.048
0.051
b.
Friction loss in unlined portion
=(Lt-Lcon)*((Qt*nu)/(At*Rt^(2/3)))^2
Lossfr
2.621
0.473
2.311
2.621
2.621
2.621
2.621
2.600
0.891
0.421
0.311
0.234
0.249
10.000
Bend 1
[GDHIP pg 62 & 63]
c.
radius
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
radius/ diameter ratio
r/d
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
First coefficient
k1
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
angle
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
22.000
Second coefficient
k2
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
0.388
Bend coefficient
Kb
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
10.000
Bend loss
=Kb*Vt^2/(2*9.81)
Lossbend
Bend 2
[GDHIP pg 62 & 63]
d.
radius
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
3.000
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
3.100
radius/ diameter ratio
r/d
3.333
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
3.226
First coefficient
k1
0.0867
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
0.0910
angle
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
38.000
Second coefficient
k2
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
0.604
Bend coefficient
Kb
0.052
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.004
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.571
2.788
3.162
3.162
3.162
3.162
3.137
1.075
0.508
0.375
0.283
0.300
Bend loss
=Kb*Vt^2/(2*9.81)
Headloss
Lossbend
TH9
3.161
Total Energy Level
1376.650
10 Penstock
Length
Lp
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
675.380
Diameter
Dp
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
Sectional area
Ap
m2
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
2.405
Wetted Perimeter
Pp
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
5.498
Hydraulic Radius
Rp
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
0.438
Velocity of flow
Vp
m/sec
4.607
1.957
4.326
4.607
4.607
4.607
4.607
4.588
2.687
1.847
1.587
1.377
1.420
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.108
0.020
0.095
0.108
0.108
0.108
0.108
0.107
0.037
0.017
0.013
0.010
0.010
Well rounded entrance

Ke
Entrance coefficient
a.
Entrance loss
=Ke*(Vp^2)/(2*9.81)
Lossent
Page 5 of 7
Hydro Consult

January 6, 2011
SN
Description
Formula
Symbol
No of bend
nos
Kb
Total Bend coefficient

b.
Bend loss
Unit
=Kb*(Vp^2)/(2*9.81)
Lossbend
=(f*Lp*Vp^2)/(2*9.81*Dp)
Lossfr
Design Value
Baishakh
40.00%
Jestha
40.00%
Ashar
40.00%
Shravan
40.00%
Bhadra
40.00%
Asoj
40.00%
Kartik
40.00%
Mangsir
40.00%
Poush
40.00%
Magh
40.00%
Falgun
40.00%
Chaitra
40.00%
7
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.415
0.449
0.081
0.396
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.449
0.445
0.153
0.072
0.053
0.040
0.043
0.01230
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
5.134
0.927
4.527
5.134
5.134
5.134
5.134
5.094
1.746
0.825
0.610
0.459
0.488
5.691
1.027
5.018
5.691
5.691
5.691
5.691
5.646
1.936
0.915
0.676
0.509
0.541
Wall friction
Friction factor
c.
Friction loss
Headloss
TH10
Total Energy Level
1370.959
11 Branching and Valve Losses

Length of the branching
Lbr
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
42.500
Diameter 1
Dp1
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
1.750
Diameter 2
Dp2
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.550
Veloctiy in the branch-2
Vbr
3.657
1.957
4.326
4.607
4.607
4.607
4.607
4.588
2.687
1.847
1.587
1.377
1.420
Veloctiy in the branche-3
Vbr
3.630
First contraction [D1 to D2]

a.
Contraction coefficient
=0.42*(1-(Dp2/Dp1)^2)
Kbr
Branch contraction loss
=Kbr*Vbr^2/(2*9.81)
Lossbr
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.091
0.098
0.018
0.086
0.098
0.098
0.098
0.098
0.097
0.033
0.016
0.012
0.009
0.009
[Hydropower Development 8, hydraulic design (Lysne) pg no. 99]
Branch bend angle
c.
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
60.000
Radius to Diameter ratio
r/d
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
Branch bend loss coefficient
Kbb
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.109
0.075
0.021
0.104
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.117
0.040
0.019
0.014
0.011
0.011
Branch bend loss
=Kbb*Vbr^2/(2*9.81)
Lossbb
friction factor
From Moody's Chart
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
Lbr
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
12.500
0.068
0.019
0.095
0.107
0.107
0.107
0.107
0.106
0.036
0.017
0.013
0.010
0.010
Length of the branch

d.
friction loss in first section

friction factor
=f*Lbr*Vbr^2/(2*9.81*Dp2)
Lossfr
From Moody's Chart
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
Lbr
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
30.000
0.248
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Length of the branch

e.
friction loss in second section
f.
Valve loss
=f*Vbr*Lbr^2/(2*9.81*Dp3)
Lossfr
Kv
Valve loss coefficient

=Kv*Vbr^2/(2*9.81)
Lossv
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.204
0.059
0.286
0.324
0.324
0.324
0.324
0.322
0.110
0.052
0.039
0.029
0.031
0.117
0.571
0.648
0.648
0.648
0.648
0.643
0.220
0.104
0.077
0.058
0.062
[GDHIP pg no. 64 for Butterfly valves]
Headloss
TH11
0.692
Total Energy Level
1370.267
Headloss in headworks
Hh
1.685
0.155
0.756
0.857
0.857
0.857
0.857
0.850
0.291
0.138
0.102
0.077
0.081
Headloss in tunnel
Ht
3.165
0.571
2.791
3.165
3.165
3.165
3.165
3.141
1.077
0.509
0.376
0.283
0.301
Headloss in penstock and branching
Hp
6.383
1.144
5.589
6.339
6.339
6.339
6.339
6.289
2.156
1.019
0.753
0.567
0.602
11.233
1.871
9.136
10.361
10.361
10.361
10.361
10.280
3.525
1.665
1.230
0.926
0.985
Total Headloss
Check on power generation

Gross head
Net head
Percentage headloss
Power generated
m
m
KW
347.500
336.267
3.23%
32127.840
347.500
345.629
0.54%
14031.026
Page 6 of 7
347.500
338.364
2.63%
30356.693
347.500
337.139
2.98%
32211.146
347.500
337.139
2.98%
32211.146
347.500
337.139
2.98%
32211.146
347.500
337.139
2.98%
32211.146
347.500
337.220
2.96%
32091.702
347.500
343.975
1.01%
19167.723
347.500
345.835
0.48%
13245.991
347.500
346.270
0.35%
11400.255
347.500
346.574
0.27%
9900.726
347.500
346.515
0.28%
10205.280
NYADI HYDROPOWER PROJECT, FEASIBILITY STUDY

POWER AND OUTPUT ENERGY CALCULATION
Gross head, m
347.50 m
Overall efficiency
85.47%
Dry season outage
4%
Wet season outage
4%
D/s release m3/s
0.31 m3/s
Length of tunnel
3937.0 m
Turbine
Gen.
Transformer
Overall
Shotcreted tunnel
2737.0 m
90.50%
97.00%
99.50%
87.35%
Concrte lined tunnel
1200.0 m
89.00%
97.00%
99.00%
85.47%
Generation
Dry season
Wet season
capacity
energy
energy
(kW)
(kWh)
(kWh)
Length of penstock
675.4 m
0.015 For concrete
Friction coeficient
0.022 For shotcrete
Tunnel Diameter
3.20
Area
1.60
Perimeter
Adopt
9.14 m2
11.43 m
40.00%
Design flow, m /s
11.08
Penstock Diameter, m
1.75
Flow
Month
(Nepali)
Nyadi
Available
Intake Flow flow in Siuri
available in
Available
Operating
Siuri
Flow
days
Design flow
Headloss
Headloss
Headloss
Total
HW
HRT
Penstok
Headloss
Net head
Tailrace
(m3/s)
Baishakh
Jestha
Ashar
Shravan
Bhadra
Ashoj
Kartik
Mangsir
Poush
Magh
Falgun
Chaitra
(m3/sec)
4.38
9.31
24.94
40.12
35.34
21.44
9.94
5.45
3.75
3.38
3.08
3.34
(m3/s)
(m3/s)
(m3/s)
0.68
0.64
4.71
31
4.71
0.155
0.571
1.144
1.871
345.63
13642.61
9,744,099
1.62
1.40
10.40
31
10.40
0.756
2.791
5.589
9.136
338.36
29516.00
21,081,508
3.87
1.40
26.04
32
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
337.14
30000.00
22,118,400
7.46
1.40
41.21
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
337.14
30000.00
21,427,200
7.83
1.40
36.43
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
337.14
30000.00
21,427,200
4.62
1.40
22.54
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
337.14
30000.00
21,427,200
2.28
1.40
11.04
30
11.04
0.850
3.141
6.289
10.280
337.22
30000.00
20,736,000
1.36
1.32
6.46
29
6.46
0.291
1.077
2.156
3.525
343.98
18637.11
1.04
1.00
4.44
30
4.44
0.138
0.509
1.019
1.665
345.83
12879.31
8,902,178
0.79
0.75
3.82
29
3.82
0.102
0.376
0.753
1.230
346.27
11084.67
7,406,330
0.58
0.54
3.31
30
3.31
0.077
0.283
0.567
0.926
346.57
9626.65
6,653,939
0.43
0.39
3.42
30
3.42
0.081
0.301
0.602
0.985
346.52
9922.77
6,858,620
12,452,572
Maximum Power Generation, kW
30,000.00
Total seasonal Energy, kWh
29,821,067
Annual generation, GWh
29.82
Total energy, GWh
150,414,178
150.41
180.24
Ratio of wet season energy with dry season energy
5.04
Page 7 of 7
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
OF
UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
Hydro Consult

APPENDIX E
OPTIMIZATION STUDY

FEASIBILITY STUDY
October, 2010
Hydro Consult

Tables of Contents
1. plant capacity optimization ..................................................................................................... 2
1.1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.2
Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.3
Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................... 2
1.4
Hydrology ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.5
Plant Capacity Ranges ........................................................................................................ 3
1.6
Conceptual Layout ............................................................................................................ 4
1.7
Energy Production............................................................................................................. 6
1.8
Cost Estimate ................................................................................................................... 6
1.9
Benefit Cost Analysis for Various Installed Capacities........................................................... 7
1.10
Result of Benefit Cost Analysis ........................................................................................... 8
1.11
Conclusion and Recommendation ...................................................................................... 8
List of table and Figures

Table 1.1 Intake site average monthly flows in m3/s ........................................................................... 3
Table 1.2 Plant Capacity Ranges ............................................................................................... 3
Table 1.3 Project Structures Details ................................................................................................. 5
Table 1.4 Energy Production........................................................................................................... 6
Table 1.5 Comparison of the base project costs for various installed Capacities .................................. 7
Table 1.6 Financial Indicators for various installed capacities ............................................................. 8
Figure 3-1-1 Optimization Curves EIRR Vs percentage exceedance ..................................................... 8
Hydro Consult

1. PLANT CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION

1.1 Introduction
The plant capacity is dependent primarily on the discharge in the river if other factors are pre-assumed
to be constant. Discharge of varying exceedance is required for determining the size of structures which
ultimately impact on the associated costs and benefits. Thus this optimization chapter deals with the
study of comparative costs and benefits of various discharges of varying exceedance flows in order to
determine the most economical installed capacity of the plant.
1.2 Objectives
The main objective of optimization is to determine the optimum plant capacity at which the discharge
will produce maximum benefit. The benefit is revenue from sales of the generated energy of the power
plant. It is a comprehensive analysis of cost benefits analysis and fixing the optimum capacity of project.
1.3 Approach and Methodology

The selection of the optimum plant capacity is determined from the economic and financial indicators
such internal rate of return, benefit cost ratio and optimum utilisation of natural resources.
The Nyadi Khola is a steep River with perennial discharge and gross head available within the study area
is sufficient to produce power ranging from 18.50 MW to 50.10 MW. From the flow duration curve as
discussed in section 2.3, it has been determined that the discharges available to divert at the intake vary
from 6.74 m3/sec to 18.50 m3/sec (including the tailrace water of Siuri Hydroelectric Project) for the
optimization purpose which would produce plant capacities from 18.50 MW to 50.10 MW respectively.
In general practice, more discharge is diverted than design discharge for flushing, which will not consider
for optimization purposes. It was assumed that plant capacity below and above these discharges would
yield relatively lower returns, therefore the optimization study was limited to the above range.
The procedure followed for each option during the optimization is described below:
1. Determination of conceptual layout of the scheme.
2. Determination of discharge options (as explained above) based on hydrology of the river at
headworks and additional flow available from Siuri tailrace.
3. Determination of gross head of the scheme.
4. Preliminary design of the structures like weir with orifice type frontal intake and bottom sluice
with two radial gates, gravel trap, intake tunnel, settling basin with flushing arrangement, surge
shaft, underground powerhouse with access tunnel and tailrace tunnel and Provision of tapping
Siuri tailrace flow.
5. Determination of optimum size of headrace tunnel and penstock pipe.
6. Determination of head loss and computation of energy based on the diversion discharge.
7. Determination of the cost of individual structure and the total cost of the project.
8. Computation of benefit-cost analysis and determination of financial indicators for each option.
Hydro Consult

1.4 Hydrology
Hydrology is the prime factor on which energy and revenue are based. The main purpose of the
optimization is to determine the optimum discharge from techno-economic point of view. The
optimization has been carried out based on mean daily flow available in the river. Long-term average
monthly flow of Nyadi intake is calculated by correlating with flow data (DHM) of Seti River, gauge
reading data of Nyadi HP and available flow data in Siuri tailrace (as per feasibility report of Siuri SHP),
which are presented in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Intake site average monthly flows in m3/s
Nyadi at intake
(m3/sec)
Siuri Tailrace
(m3/sec)
Combined discharge
(m3/sec)
Baishakh
4.38
0.64
5.02
Jestha
9.31
1.40
10.71
Ashar
24.95
1.40
26.35
Shravan
40.12
1.40
41.52
Bhadra
35.34
1.40
36.74
Asoj
21.44
1.40
22.84
Kartik
9.94
1.40
11.34
Mangsir
5.45
1.32
6.77
Poush
3.75
1.00
4.75
Magh
3.38
0.75
4.13
Falgun
3.08
0.54
3.62
Chaitra
3.34
0.39
3.73
Month
There will be downstream riparian release of 10% of the minimum mean monthly flow for fish and
aquatic life which is equivalent to 0.31 m3/sec.
1.5 Plant Capacity Ranges

For optimization, different options are determined for probability of exceedance flow ranging from 30%
to 50%. It is obvious that lower the probability of exceedance, the higher will be the plant capacity and
hence higher energy generation. It is however not mandatory that the highest plant capacity will be most
optimum scheme. Thus, the ranges of plant capacities were determined by the design discharge at
various probabilities of exceedance, the corresponding net head and overall efficiency (85.47%). The
plant capacity for different probability of exceedance have been presented and listed in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Plant Capacity Ranges
Plant
capacity(MW)
18.50
22.40
30
36.30
50.10
Rated Discharge
(m3/s)
6.74
8.16
11.08
13.26
Probability of
exceedance (%)
50
45
40
35
18.50
30
Gross Head
(m)
333.90
333.90
333.90
333.90
333.90
Head loss
(m)
5.76
5.63
10.36
7.351
Net Head
(m)
328.13
328.27
323.54
326.59
10.66
323.24
Hydro Consult

1.6 Conceptual Layout

The concept of the project layout is proposed to maximize the discharge and head within the project
boundary. The headworks area lies at upstream of the confluence of Nyadi and Siuri Khola. Tailrace
water of Siuri Khola Hydropower Project is also used in this project along the left bank of the Nyadi
River via pumping mechanism.
The headworks structures will comprise of concrete diversion weir with bottom sluice and two radial
gates, frontal intake with orifices, gravel trap and intake tunnel. All of these structures lie on the right
bank of the Nyadi Khola. There will be two bifurcating tunnels to feed the diverted water to
underground settling basins with flushing arrangement. Then, discharge will be passed through 3,937m
long headrace tunnel following the ridge of the hill Sangla and Nana village. A surge shaft with surge shaft
adit will be provisioned at the end of Headrace tunnel near Nana village. Steel penstock pipe with
surface penstock and drop shaft will connect the headrace tunnel with underground powerhouse
located inside the hill on the right bank near Thulobeshi village. The powerhouse comprises of three
units of horizontal axis pelton turbines, generators, transformers and other necessary accessories. A
switchyard located at foot of the hill on the right bank close to powerhouse will connect to 132 kV
Transmission lines of length of about 7km which will evacuate the generated electricity to the proposed
NEA Hub at Tunikharka.
A 10.50 km long access road is required to connect the headworks with powerhouse and existing
Besishahar- Chame road at Thakanbeshi at the right bank of the Marsyangdi River. Additionally, 3 km
link road will be required to connect surge adit outlet from the road to Headworks. Besides, a 52 m
long bridge has been proposed to connect the two sides of the Marsyangdi River along the road
alignment at Thakanbeshi. The details of structures for each of the options are presented in Table 3.3.
Hydro Consult

Table 1.3 Project Structures Details

Description
18.50 MW
22.40 MW
30.00 MW
36.30 MW
50.10 MW
Weir Crest Level

Weir Crest Length
Weir Type
Bottom Sluice Unit
Intake
1381.50 masl
14 m
Concrete Weir
Two
Frontal with
orifice
2
2.25m*3.50m
57m*2.4m*2.4m
1381.50 masl
14 m
Concrete Weir
Two
Frontal with
orifice
3
2.25m*3.50m
57m*2.6m*2.6m
1381.50 masl
14 m
Concrete Weir
Two
Frontal with
orifice
3
2.25m*3.50m
57m*3m*3m
1381.50 masl
14 m
Concrete Weir
Two
Frontal with
orifice
4
2.25m*3.50m
57m*3.4m*3.4m
1381.50 masl
14 m
Concrete Weir
Two
Frontal with
orifice
4
2.25m*4.50m
57m*4m*4m
84m*8m*8.50m
101m*8m*9m
128m*8m*10.3m
165m*8m*11.3m
230m*8m*12.8m
3981 m
3964 m
3937m
3900 m
3835m
3.2m
3.2m
3.2 m
3.5 m
3.8m
26.26m
5m
27.63 m
5m
29.66m
5m
32.08 m
5m
32.64m
5m
476 m
200m
476 m
200m
476 m
200m
476 m
200m
476m
200m
1550mm
1750mm
1750mm
2150mm
2250mm
19.00 mm
U/G
Horizontal Axis
Pelton Turbine
3 nos.
19.00mm
U/G
Horizontal Axis
Pelton Turbine
3nos.
19.00mm
U/G
Horizontal Axis
Pelton Turbine
3nos.
22.00mm
U/G
Horizontal Axis
Pelton Turbine
4nos.
22.00mm
U/G
Horizontal Axis
Pelton Turbine
4nos.
12m*53 m
225.85m*3.2m*3
.2 m
13.5 KM
52m
14m*53 m
225.85m*3.4m*3
.4m
13.5 KM
52m
14m*53 m
225.85m*3.6m*
3.6m
13.5 KM
52m
15m*64 m
225.85m*
3.8m*3.8m
13.5 KM
52m
225.85m*
4.2m*4.2m
13.5 KM
52m
132kV, 7 KM,
NEA Hub
132kV, 7 KM,
NEA Hub
132kV, 7 KM,
NEA Hub
132kV, 7 KM,
NEA Hub
132kV, 7 KM,
NEA Hub
No. of Orifice
Orifice Size
Intake Tunnel
Settling Basin
Cavern
Headrace Tunnel
Length
Headrace Tunnel
Diameter
Surge Shaft Height
Surge Shaft
Diameter
Surface Penstock
Drop Shaft and
Horizontal parts
Diameter
Average Thickness
Powerhouse
Turbine Type
No of Units
Powerhouse
Cavern Size (B*L)
Tailrace Tunnel
(L*B*H)
Access road
Bridge Over
Marsyangdi River
Transmission Line
15m*64 m
Hydro Consult

1.7 Energy Production

Based on the net head, turbine discharge and overall efficiency of the plant, the energy production in a
year has been calculated. An outage of 4% has been estimated for transmission loss, self consumption
and plant shut down during maintenance periods. Estimated power consumption for rural electrification
in project affected area is 0.09 GWh in dry season and 0.18 GWh in wet season. Estimated power
consumption for pumping of Siuri tailrace water is 0.99 GWh in dry season and 0.79 GWh in wet
season. After deduction of total energy for rural electrification and pumping of Siuri tailrace water, net
energy available for sale has been calculated and tabulated below.
Table 1.4 Energy Production
Plant Capacity
18.50 MW
22.40 MW
30MW
36.30 MW
50.10 MW
Total Energy generation

(GWh) after deduction of 4%
outage
128.97
145.97
177.30
192.40
223.01
Energy for rural

electrification (GWh)
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
Energy for pumping (GWh)
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
Net Energy available for sale

(GWh)
126.92
143.92
175.25
194.45
234.06
1.8 Cost Estimate

The cost components for various capacities on varying exceedance flow are estimated as per the
feasibility level design. The size and crest elevation of weir structures remains same in the various
discharge, but nos. and size of intake orifice opening is changed as per the design discharges of various
exceedance flows. The size of gravel trap, intake tunnel and underground settling basin change with
discharges of different option, which have significant impact on the total project cost of various options.
From the recent technological development and practices, the tunnel with diameter of around 3.2 m can
be mechanically constructed with proper working space and ventilation. Therefore, same size of tunnel
is adopted for discharge with the exceedance 40% to 50%. But headrace tunnel size is found optimum
for higher discharge based on cost and revenue loss. The size of surge shaft increases with discharge of
various capacities and cost of each capacity estimated separately.
Penstock diameter increases with increase of discharge and has significant impact on the total project
cost. Although an increase in penstock pipe diameter raises initial cost, the energy output will be
increased due to reduction of headloss. So, the penstock is optimized for most cost effective
combination of the penstock diameter and thickness. Penstock pipe was adopted for corresponding
discharges and associated costs. The thickness of each penstock pipe has been estimated. The cost of
anchor blocks and support piers are slightly affected by change in discharge and diameter of the
penstock which is estimated accordingly.
Other hydro-mechanical costs like radial gates, bulk head gates, stoplogs, and trashrack etc have been
estimated as per the prevailing market rate.
Hydro Consult

Based on design discharge and rated head, the type and size of turbine are calculated. Sizes of
powerhouse caverns are determined accordingly. Then the cost estimate of powerhouse of each option
is estimated accordingly. The cost of electro-mechanical parts including turbine, governor, generator,
transformers, etc. are estimated based on prevailing practice and market prices.
The estimated base costs of project include transportation, installation and custom duties as well as
other applicable taxes. Similarly the cost of transmission line has been estimated based on per kilometre
cost of construction of 132kV transmission line and it also includes interconnection arrangement at
delivery location. Other cost like tapping of tailrace water of Siuri SHP, access road, environmental
mitigation, land acquisition, infrastructures, owner development cost and contingencies have been
proportionately increased for the respective plant capacities
Table 1.5 Comparison of the base project costs for various installed Capacities
Amout in US$ Milion
Summary of project contract costs for various installed capacities
50.10 MW
36.30 MW
30.00 MW
22.40 MW
18.50 MW
Civil works
34.94
26.70
23.87
21.53
21.05
Electromechanical works
19.16
14.15
10.33
8.95
7.75
Penstock and Hydromechanical works
3.86
3.66
3.26
3.15
2.88
Transmission line works
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
Marsyangdi Bridge and Access Road
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.47
Siuri Tailrace Flow Diversion
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
1.41
Socio-environmental mitigation costs
0.91
0.68
0.45
0.45
0.45
Infrastructure development costs
1.79
1.23
1.02
1.02
1.02
Land acquisition and direct costs
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
Rural Electrification Costs
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
66.80
52.56
45.06
41.24
39.30
Engineering fees
5.34
4.20
3.61
3.30
3.14
1.5 % insurance,tax and 10% VAT
7.48
5.92
5.22
4.81
4.66
Owner's development cost
3.08
2.82
2.15
2.15
2.15
Total Project cost for year 2010
82.70
65.50
56.04
51.50
49.25
Total Project cost for year 2011 based on price escalation @ 5 p.a.
86.84
68.77
58.84
54.08
51.71
Total contact cost
1.9 Benefit Cost Analysis for Various Installed Capacities

The different options with various plant capacities and their corresponding construction costs and
benefits are compared by financial analysis based on discounted cash flow. Financial analysis has been
performed to find the capacity at which the benefits are maximized. The analysis is carried out in
Nepalese Rupees (NRs.) as the price for the energy that will be sold from this project to the bulk power
Hydro Consult

purchaser after finalizing the power purchase agreement (PPA). The relevant specific parameters applied
for the financial analysis in this study are adapted as given in section 15.2.
1.10 Result of Benefit Cost Analysis

Financial indicators such as IRR on equity and IRR on Project for various installed capacities are shown
in Table 1.6 . IRR on equity versus percentage exceedance are shown in figure 3-1.
Table 1.6 Financial Indicators for various installed capacities
Descriptions
18.50 MW
22.40 MW
30MW
36.30 MW
50.10 MW
IRR on Equity
11.28%
13.63%
17.13%
15.47%
14.12%
IRR on Project
13.67%
15.04%
16.995
16.08%
15.32%
EIRRVsPercentageExceedance
18.00%
17.13%
17.00%
16.00%
15.47%
EIRR
15.00%
14.12%
14.00%
13.63%
13.00%
12.00%
11.28%
11.00%
10.00%
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
PERCENTAGEEXCEEDANCE(%)
Figure 3-1-1 Optimization Curves EIRR Vs percentage exceedance
1.11 Conclusion and Recommendation

Based on the financial analysis of all the options corresponding to different exceedance flow, the project
has been found to be optimized at 30 MW corresponding to 40% exceedance.
Thus project engineering works (design and drawings), quantity estimation, costing and financial analysis
have been carried out for 30 MW.
Hydro Consult

APPENDIX F
COST ESTIMATE AND
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

FEASIBILITY STUDY
October, 2010
Hydro Consult

Feasibility Study volume III
TABLES OF CONTENTS
F. COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ................................................................ 2
F.1
Cost estimate....................................................................................................................................................... 2
F.1.1
Preliminary site works ................................................................................................................................ 2
F.1.2
Main civil works............................................................................................................................................ 2
F.1.3
Mechanical and electrical ........................................................................................................................... 2
F.1.4
132 kV transmission line ............................................................................................................................ 3
F.2
Engineering fees .................................................................................................................................................... 3
F.3
VAT and taxes ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
F.4
Contingency sums ................................................................................................................................................ 3
F.5
Benefit Calculation ............................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Tables
Table F 1. Project cost summary ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Table F 2. Owners direct cost .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Table F 3. Land acquisition cost ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Table F 4. Access road and Marsyangdi Bridge cost .................................................................................................... 7
Table F 5. Infrastructure development costs ................................................................................................................. 8
Table F 6. Civil Works Cost .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Table F 7. Hydro mechanical cost .................................................................................................................................. 15
Table F 8. Electromechanical cost .................................................................................................................................. 16
Table F 9. Transmission line and intergrid connection cost ..................................................................................... 17
Table F 10. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost ...................................................................................... 18
Table F 11. New rate summary ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Table F 12. Rate summary of Miscellaneous Item....................................................................................................... 23
Table F 13. Tunnel Excavation Rate ............................................................................................................................... 24
Table F 14. Energy Calculation Sheet of NHP ............................................................................................................. 25
Table F15. Benefit Calculation sheet of NHP.....................................................................................................................26
Hydro Consult

F. COST ESTIMATE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Cost estimate
F.1
The total project cost for year 2011 is presented in Table F1.The detailed cost estimate for different packages
are presented in Tables F 2 to F 10. New rate summary is given in Table F 11. Other assumptions on which
the estimate is based are indicated below.
The cost estimate has been split into five cost packages. The packages are as follows:
Contract C1
Preliminary site works
Land Acquisition
Access road
Bridge over Marsyangdi
Temporary and permanent Housing
Contract C2
Main civil works
Contract C3
Elect mechanical
Contract C4
Penstock and Hydro-mechanical
Contract C5
132 kV transmission line
Preliminary site works
F.1.1
This contract contains the items necessary to expedite the work in the initial stage which is preliminary civil
works including the permanent access road, preparation of construction areas, housing for this phase, offices,
water supplies, sewage disposal. The program critical path items are Bridge over Marshyangdi and the access
road.
Main civil works
F.1.2
Contract C2 comprises the main civil works including the Headworks, waterway including surge shaft and
vertical shaft, underground powerhouse, tailrace tunnel, access tunnel and switchyard.
The following assumptions have been made:
The average tunnelling rate for the headrace tunnel is minimum 15 m to maximum 25 m per week
The unit rates are developed based on the experience of other similar projects in Nepal.
Water supply
Total daily volumes of water demands are based on experience at Khimti Hydropower Project. Water supply
costs allow for chlorinating at each major site and have a nominal allowance for simple water treatment (e.g.
roughing filter). Water supply costs are order of cost only and would need to be verified after further design.
Sewerage
The cost allows for sewer collection system, septic tank and soaks away trenches. At the Headworks
however, given the steep and rocky ground, septic effluent disposal by conventional trenches is considered
problematic. Therefore an allowance for a package treatment plant to treat septic tank effluent is included.
F.1.3
Mechanical and electrical
The cost includes supply and installation of all the mechanical and electrical equipment from the powerhouse
to the outdoor switchyard.
Hydro Consult

Steel penstock
Costs are based on budget cost advice from Nepal Hydro Electric (NHE) in Butwal.
132 kV transmission line
F.1.4
This cost package includes the erection of the switchyard electrical items and the 132 kV line and
commissioning of the line.
The following assumptions have been made:
F.2
There will be no NEA charge for connecting the 132 kV line into the grid at proposed NEAs Hub
at Tunikharka.
Steel Type towers are used in the cost estimate
Engineering fees
The 8% engineering fees are assumed to cover the additional studies described in Section 13.4, Volume 1,
main report, the hydraulic model study , all detailed design and including construction supervision by a local
Consultant.
F.3
VAT and taxes
The amount of VAT payable has been based on assumed Nepal currency expenditure percentages of total
contract values. This is indicated in Table F.1. VAT is assumed to 13%. Tax deducted at source is assumed
payable on engineering fees at 5%.
F.4
Contingency sums
A general sum of 10% has been included on contract C1, C2 and C4 and 8% has been included in C3 and C5.
A higher sum of 10% has been included on the C2 main civil works contract to cover the higher risk of the
underground works. However, 5% contingencies sums are taken in preliminary site works.
F.5
Benefit Calculation
The basis for the benefit calculation is the adopted hydrological parameters and possible tariff rates of the
energy which could be agreed while reaching PPA.
Annual dry and wet energy production in a normal year are calculated based on the adopted hydrological data.
Allowance is made for downstream release (10 % of the driest mean monthly flow) while estimating the
energy production. Planned and forced outages are considered as 4 % for both wet and dry seasons. The
monthly energy estimate is carried out based on average monthly flow. The estimated monthly energy
production in a normal year after deducting energy for rural electrification and pumping for the base case is
summarized in Table F 14.
While calculating the energy benefit in terms of money, the flat tariff rates (base case) of 6.30 NRs/kWh have
been assumed for both dry and wet energy with 6 % escalations per annum up to 10 years period after
commissioning date of the project. Details of the benefit calculations based on project base cost for year 2011
are presented in Table F15.
Hydro Consult

Table F 1. Project cost

summary
PROJECT COST ESTIMATE
Exchange Rate (US$)
Installed capacity
SUMMARY OF DIFFERENT
%
CONTRACT COSTS
Civil works
Contingency sum
NRs
337,075,604
33,707,560
10
US$
NRs Total
370,783,164
Electromechanical works
Contingency sum
109,701,337
10,970,134
10
35,272,100
2,821,768
134,441,099
13,444,110
10
Siuri Tailrace Flow Diversion

Contingency sum
16,225,634
1,622,563
10
81%
1,449,929,510
42.59%
10,325,112
8%
61,950,673
18.42%
120,671,471
1,646,725
44%
106,216,494
5.81%
38,093,868
842,833
100%
101,306,375
2.41%
147,885,209
494,460
100%
184,969,677
4.40%
17,848,197
1,172,351
56%
59,233,723
2.52%
100%
33,940,200
0.81%
100%
76,860,923
1.83%
40,337,701
0%
0.96%
28,000,000
0%
0.67%
100%
270,382,806
6.43%
780,401
62,432
449,509
44,951
1,065,773
106,577
Sub - Total
Socio-environmental mitigation costs
Contingency sum
Sub - Total
Infrastructure development costs

Contingency sum
Sub - Total
Land acquisition and direct costs

Contingency sum
Sub - Total
Item
Allocations
1,497,023
149,702
Sub - Total
Marsyangdi Bridge and Access Road
Contingency sum
Sub - Total
VAT complying
NRs equivalent
18,923,377
Sub - Total
Transmission line works

Contingency sum
VAT
complying
9,560,289
764,823
Penstock and Hydromechanical works

Contingency sum
Sub - Total
US$ Total
17,203,070
1,720,307
Sub - Total
32,324,000
1,616,200
33,940,200
41,730,729
2,086,536
419,602
20,980
43,817,266
440,582
38,416,858
1,920,843
Rural Electrification Costs
28,000,000
841,377,075 33,845,440
TOTAL CONTRACT COSTS SEPARATE
45,063,801
TOTAL CONTRACT COSTS US$

ENGINEERING FEES
75
30.0 MW
3,605,104
TOTAL CONTRACTS & ENGINEERING COST US$
48,668,905
1.5 % INSURANCE COST

Sub- Total (A)
730,034
49,398,939
0.015
TOTAL VAT COMPLYING US$ EQUIVALENT

VAT
13
TDS on Engineering fees
1.5
2,344,790,381
4,064,303
54,077
Total Taxes (1% custom duty & 0.1%

godown charge )
1.1
TOTAL TAX AND VAT (B)
TOTAL CONTRACTS & ENGINEERING COST INC. VAT & TDS
Owner's development costs
372,300
4,490,680
53,889,618
2,149,590
TOTAL PROJECT COST (Nearest $1000) for 2010
56,040,000
Cost escalation@5% p.a.
2,802,000
5%
58,842,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST (Nearest $1000) for 2011
Notes:
Unit rates are based at the site local to construction.
Unit Cost US$
1,961
Unit rates include cost of labour plant and materials
Contingency sum cover forseen and unforseen risks. It does not cover cost overrun.
Risks - ground conditions, strikes, material shortage, political instability, delay in license, manpower shortage
per KW
Hydro Consult

Table F 2. Owners direct cost

Owner's Direct cost
Rate for US$/NRs
75
S.N.
1
2
2
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8
3
4
5
6
Description of Items
Feasibility Study
Detail design including tender doc
preparation
Office Setup
Office building rent
Salary for personnel
Project Director
Resident Project Manager
Planning,Account/Admin, Contract Manager
Engineers/geologist/mitigation officer
Peons
Guard
Secretary
Drivers
Vehicle
Office furniture
Owner's Overhead
Site Security
Officers
Assistants
Housing and facilities
Nos.
Quantity
Rate
(US$)
Amount
(US$)
L.S.
106,670.00
106,670.00
L.S.
400,000.00
400,000.00
months
48
270.00
12,960.00
months
months
Months
months
months
months
months
months
Nos.
1
1
3
8
5
4
2
6
6
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
1
L.S.
L.S.
3,500.00
1,800.00
1,500.00
1,000.00
250.00
250.00
250.00
245.00
50,000.00
50,000.00
168,000.00
86,400.00
216,000.00
384,000.00
60,000.00
48,000.00
24,000.00
70,560.00
300,000.00
30,000.00
50,000.00
40
40
L.S.
200
125.00
45,000.00
48,000.00
100,000.00
45,000.00
Units
months
months
6
20
Total Cost
2,149,590.00
Hydro Consult

Table F 3. Land acquisition cost

LAND ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION COST
Description
Unit
Quantity
Amount
(NRs)
Land purchased
Upto 27 July,2010
Access road
Ropani
130
7,373,356.00
Hydropower components
Ropani
308
19,651,728.00
Total
27,025,084.00
Remaining Land to be purchased

Require private land for access road
Required land for Powerhouse, Tailrace
Switchyard
Staff housing area at powerhouse site
Vertical tunnel, penstock alignment, surge
shaft, Road for surge shaft, spoil tip area of
surge adit area
Ropani
16
814,052.80
671,601.00
116,913.00
1,689,207.00
Ropani
Ropani
Ropani
Staff housing area at intake site
Ropani
20
2,900,000.00
Required land for Adit tunnel in Naiche
Ropani
10
1,450,000.00
Transmission line
Ropani
25
3,750,000.00
Total
Total Amount
Remarks
11,391,773.80
38,416,857.80
Hydro Consult

Table F 4. Access road and Marshyangdi Bridge cost

Bailey Bridge and Access Road Cost
Description
Unit
Quantity
Rate(US$)
Rate (Nrs)
Amount
(US$)
1 US$
75 NRs.
Amount (Nrs)
Remarks
Reference from contract
to be signed
Marsyangdi
Bridge
Civil works
Bailey Bridge with
Complete fitting
2,517,784.00
992,000.00
137,027.20
20% contribution by Siuri
SHP
Sub Total
Access road
Total Length
Km
13.500
28,933.473
12,215,121.73
312,481.51
131,923,315
449,508.71
134,441,098.67
Sub Total
Total
Reference from Boq of

Access road
20% contribution by Siuri
SHP
Hydro Consult

Table F 5. Infrastructure development costs
Hydro Consult

Table F 6. Civil Works Cost

Cost of Civil Works
Exchange Rate 1 US$ =
S.N.
1
1.1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Item Descriptions
GENERAL ITEMS
Insurances
Mobilization
Demobilization
Specified
requirements
Testing of materials;
aggregates, cement,
concrete, shotcrete
cores, density tests
construction power cost
(Desiel Generator) with
11 KV line
Sub-total
General, Headworks
Site Clearence
Sub-total
Diversion tunnel and
fish ladder
Surface rock excavation
with blasting
Tunnel excavation
(Underground)
Inlet pipe Dia 0.5m (8
mm thickness)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C25)
Reinforcement
Shotcrete (5cm steel fibre
reinforced)
Rockbolt (2m long, 25mm
dia grouted)
Formwork
Trimming and
preparation
Water control in tunnel,
25 lps
Grouting
Sub-total
Coffer Dam
Filling with rock in 45 cm
thick layer in compaction
PVC sheet 1 mm thick
Hard stone lining ( 0.4m
thick)
Removal of coffer dam
Water control in coffer
dam(25-50 lps)
Unit
Quantity
Rate ,
USD
Amount
USD
sum
sum
sum
sum
30,000
sum
919,127.83
949,127.83
m2
Amount
NRs
1,500,000
1,000,000
4000.00
90.02
608,171.84
3,108,171.84
360088.00
360088.00
m3
m3
600.00
22.67
300.00
13600.00
180000.00
1400.00
56.67
750.00
79333.33
1050000.00
2.00
2393.00
170500.00
2878.42
136723.73
5.70
0.45
121.33
1360.00
4900.00
18000.00
691.60
608.53
27930.00
8054.10
57.00
566.67
7500.00
32299.66
427495.50
320.00
38.00
34.00
450.00
1000.00
10880.00
0.00
144000.00
38000.00
90.00
0.00
10800.00
11.25
150.00
5865.94
146307.48
0.00
77637.40
2100640.73
ton
m3
ton
m3
No
m2
m2
Day
kg
m3
m2
m2
No
Day
120.00
15.00
6901.10
10.00
0.85
1680.00
640.00
0.33
12.50
1106.02
553.16
8000.00
1858118.77
0.00
80.00
2.00
34.25
7706.25
100000.00
2740.00
616500.00
200000.00
10.00
10.00
100.00
11393.16
0.00
2674618.77
Sub-total
Rate,
NRs
NRs 75.00
Remarks
Hydro Consult
S.N.
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
8
8.1
Item Descriptions
Weir and Bottom
Sluice
Surface rock excavation
with blasting
Boulder mixed soil
excavation on river bed
Earthwork in backfilling
Blinding concrete (C15)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C35)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C25)
Reinforcement
Geotextile
Hard stone lining (0.4m
thick)
Water control in weir
Laying 300 mm thick filter
layer
Boulder lining
Formwork
Expansion Joints
Seleant
Hydro cell
Water bars
Curtain grouting
GI Pipes (50mm dia)
Sub-total
Gravel Trap
Tunnel excavation
(Underground)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C35)
Reinforcement
Formwork
Sub-total
Intake Tunnel
Tunnel excavation
(Underground)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C25)
Reinforcement
Formwork
Shotcrete (5 cm steel
fibre reinforced)
Rockbolt (1.5m long,
25mm dia grouted)
Water control in tunnel
(25 lps)
Expansion Joints
Seleant
Hydro cell
Water bars
Grouting
Sub-total
Settling Basin
Tunnel excavation

Unit
Quantity
Rate ,
USD
Rate,
NRs
Amount
USD
Amount
NRs
m3
6362.13
22.67
300.00
144208.28
1908639.00
6362.13
5211.22
1353.00
3.18
65.00
39.94
85.00
2625.00
20211.69
0.00
87945.00
254132.30
442953.70
3551625.00
2887.84
143.00
5775.00
412961.12
16677276.00
4331.77
850.11
1485.00
121.33
1246.67
1.49
4900.00
16500.00
308.66
525588.09
1059802.65
2213.16
21225673.00
14026799.78
458360.10
330.40
34.25
20.00
7706.25
1500.00
0.00
m2
m2
m
m
m
m
kg
m
1865.50
1025.00
5344.60
14.00
14.00
14.00
14.00
57.30
135.00
19.95
11.67
21.25
23.80
16.15
16.15
0.85
4.00
1496.39
2625.00
670.00
30.00
315.00
213.75
213.75
11.25
200.00
37220.19
11958.33
0.00
297.50
333.20
226.10
226.10
48.71
540.00
2305280.12
2791514.05
2690625.00
3580882.00
420.00
4410.00
2992.50
2992.50
644.63
27000.00
67646939.56
m3
630.00
56.67
750.00
35700.00
472500.00
m3
98.25
143.00
5775.00
14049.75
567393.75
ton
m2
7.71
135.00
1246.67
16500.00
670.00
9615.07
59364.82
127258.31
90450.00
1257602.06
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
ton
m2
m3
Day
m3
75.00
m3
677.25
56.67
750.00
38377.50
507937.50
m3
185.85
121.33
4900.00
22549.80
910665.00
ton
m2
m3
14.59
323.93
323.95
1360.00
566.67
18000.00
1000.00
7500.00
19841.35
0.00
183569.40
262606.05
323925.00
2429595.00
No
105.00
28.33
375.00
2975.00
39375.00
Day
25.00
10.00
250.00
0.00
m
m
m
m
kg
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
2490.43
21.25
23.80
16.15
16.15
0.85
30.00
315.00
213.75
213.75
11.25
106.25
119.00
80.75
80.75
2116.87
270066.66
150.00
1575.00
1068.75
1068.75
28017.38
4505983.43
m3
29263.34
56.67
750.00
1658255.93
21947505.00
10
Remarks
Hydro Consult
S.N.
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
81.8
9
9.1
9.2
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
Item Descriptions
(Underground)
Reinforced Cement
Concrete (C25)
Reinforcement
Formwork
Shotcrete (10cm steel
fibre reinforced)
Shotcrete (5cm steel fibre
reinforced)
Rockbolt (1.5m long,
25mm dia grouted)
Rockbolt (2 m long,
25mm dia grouted)
Rockbolt (3.5 m long,
25mm dia grouted)
Water control in tunnel,
50 lps
Expansion Joints
Seleant
Hydro cell
Water bars
1:4 Stone masonry
S4 System including
automatic gates
Sub-total
River Protection
Earthwork in excavation
Gabion works
Sub-total
Headrace tunnel
Rock Excavation
Blinding Concrete (C15)
Structural Concrete
(C25)
Rebar
Formworks
Subase Preparation
50 mm of unreinforced
shotcrete
50 mm steel fibre
reinforced shotcrete
100 mm steel fibre
150 mm steel fibre
200 mm steel fibre
2 m long 25 mm dia.
Grouted rock bolts at
1.5m*1.5m c/c
Spot bolting , 2m long
25mm dia grouted rock
bolts
2m long 25mm dia
grouted rock bolts at
1.3m*1.3m c/c spacing
2m long 25mm dia

Unit
m3
ton
m2
m3
Rate ,
USD
Rate,
NRs
3137.28
246.28
5480.52
121.33
1360.00
4900.00
18000.00
1000.00
380656.64
334936.01
15372672.00
4432976.64
5480520.00
934.13
453.33
6000.00
423473.17
5604792.00
280.16
566.67
7500.00
1875.00
28.33
375.00
53125.00
703125.00
1092.00
34.00
450.00
37128.00
491400.00
4140.00
51.00
675.00
211140.00
2794500.00
130.00
27.00
27.00
27.00
27.00
1986.86
20.00
21.25
23.80
16.15
16.15
55.00
30.00
315.00
213.75
213.75
3300.00
2600.00
573.75
642.60
436.05
436.05
109277.30
0.00
810.00
8505.00
5771.25
5771.25
6556638.00
Quantity
m3
No
No
No
Day
m
m
m
m
m3
sum
Amount
USD
Amount
NRs
2101192.50
Andhikhol
a
454092.00
3666772.51
65506178.64
m3
m3
1315.60
965.00
3.18
11.67
39.94
2625.00
4179.50
11258.33
15437.83
52551.03
2533125.00
2585676.03
m3
m3
m3
62557.22
1120.62
3417.12
56.67
78.00
121.33
750.00
3150.00
4900.00
3544909.13
87408.36
414610.56
46917915.00
3529953.00
16743888.00
ton
m2
m2
m3
268.24
11412.00
14941.60
424.15
1360.00
453.33
18000.00
1000.00
90.00
6000.00
364811.73
0.00
0.00
192279.52
4828390.56
11412000.00
1344744.00
2544876.00
m3
119.88
566.67
7500.00
67929.17
899062.50
m3
496.99
453.33
6000.00
225299.87
2981910.00
m3
233.90
396.67
5250.00
92781.33
1227988.13
m3
141.34
396.67
5250.00
56066.45
742056.00
no
3568.00
34.00
450.00
121312.00
1605600.00
no
5178.00
34.00
450.00
176052.00
2330100.00
no
4110.00
34.00
450.00
139740.00
1849500.00
no
1295.00
34.00
450.00
44030.00
582750.00
11
Remarks
Hydro Consult
S.N.
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
12
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
12.16
13
Item Descriptions

Unit
Quantity
Rate ,
USD
Rate,
NRs
Amount
USD
Amount
NRs

2m long 25mm dia
no
1120.00
34.00
450.00
38080.00
504000.00
1m*1m c/c spacing
4 m long spilling
no
185.00
62.33
825.00
11531.67
152625.00
Grouting
kg
288454.32
0.85
11.25
245186.17
3245111.10
Ribs
kg
22275.00
3.00
50.00
66825.00
1113750.00
Water control tunnel
Day
400.00
10.00
4000.00
0.00
(25-50 lps)
Sub-total
5892852.95 104556219.29
Naije Adit
Landscaping spoil tip
m2
20800.00
0.50
10400.00
Rock Excavation
m3
2243.41
56.67
750.00
127126.78
1682560.35
2m long 25mm dia
no
680.00
34.00
450.00
23120.00
306000.00
50 mm unreinforced
m3
80.84
453.33
6000.00
36645.20
485010.00
shotcrete
Gravel fill
m3
58.56
30.94
389.03
1811.85
22781.30
Subbase preparation
m2
30.00
1000.00
30000.00
C15 Blinding Concrete
m3
2.07
78.00
3150.00
161.82
6535.23
C25 Concrete
m3
68.52
121.33
4900.00
8314.31
335770.30
Formworks
m2
53.27
1000.00
53272.00
Rebar
ton
5.38 1360.00
18000.00
7315.68
96825.19
1:4 stone masonry works
m3
540.00
55.00
3300.00
29700.00
1782000.00
Grouting
kg
9811.00
0.85
11.25
8339.35
Sub-total
252935.00
4800754.36
Surge adit , Surge Shaft and Ventillation adit , Gravel Trap with flushing and spoil tips
Boulder mix soil
m3
2311.35
2.76
39.94
6385.10
92325.79
excavation
Surface Rock Excavation
m3
3374.65
79.33
1050.00
267722.14
3543381.29
m3
49.36
78.00
3150.00
3849.77
155471.40
Structural Concrete
m3
636.89
121.33
4900.00
77276.14
3120767.27
(C25)
Rebar
ton
60.20 1360.00 18000.00
81871.11
1083588.28
Formworks
m2
1504.61
1000.00
1504613.10
Subase Preparation
m2
679.01
90.00
61111.26
50 mm of steel reinforced
m2
58.63
566.67
7500.00
33226.01
439756.05
shotcrete
100 mm of steel
m2
62.84
453.33
6000.00
28487.47
377040.00
2 m long 25 mm dia.
no
481.12
34.00
450.00
16358.08
216504.00
1.5m*1.5m c/c
3 m long 25 mm dia.
no
294.00
45.33
600.00
13328.00
176400.00
1.5m*1.5m c/c
Landscaping spoil tip
m2
6500.00
0.50
3250.00
1:4 Stone masonry wall
m3
663.40
55.00
3300.00
36487.00
2189220.00
75mm HDP Pipes for
weep holes
Ge--textile
Filter materials
Sub-total
Anchor blocks/
360.00
4.30
m2
m3
120.00
60.00
1.49
19.95
12
1548.00
308.66
244.38
178.84
1197.11
571164.78
37039.20
14662.50
13011880.14
Remarks
Hydro Consult
S.N.
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
15
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
15.10
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
16
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8
Item Descriptions
Support piers
Rock Excavation
Boulder mix soil
excavation
C20 with 40% plum
concrete
C25 Concrete
Rebar
Formworks
Back Filling
Subase Preparation
Sub-total
Vertical Shaft
Rock Excavation
Structural Concrete
(C25)
Rebar
70 mm of steel reinforced
shotcrete
2 m long 25 mm dia.
1.5m*1.5m c/c
Double grouting
Sub-total
Powerhouse Main
Building
Rock Excavation
200mm thick Shotcrete
25mm dia 4m long rock
bolts @1.2m C/C
Shotcrete ribs
Rebar in Shotcrete ribs
Water control in cavern
50-70 l/s
Cement grout
Concrete (C25)
Reinforcement
Formwork
Steelwork
CGI sheets 20 gauge
CGI sheet ceiling
accessories
Finishes
Sub-total
Powerhouse Control
building
Rock Excavation
bolts @1.2m C/C
Cement grout
C25 Concrete
Rebar
Formwork
Finishes

Unit
Quantity
Rate ,
USD
Rate,
NRs
Amount
USD
Amount
NRs
m3
m3
432.88
8947.39
22.67
0.24
300.00
600.88
9811.95
2150.51
129864.00
5376263.89
m3
m3
70.44
2414.70
78.00
60.67
1050.00
2450.00
5494.55
146491.96
73965.15
5916021.31
m3
ton
m2
m3
m2
685.28
119.46
1885.54
3728.67
875.24
104.00
1360.00
4200.00
18000.00
670.00
11.81
90.00
71268.92
162460.78
399448.02
2878167.87
2150216.24
1263309.12
44032.29
78771.60
17910611.47
0.47
1769.35
m3
m3
1627.72
682.53
90.67
130.00
1200.00
5250.00
147579.49
88728.64
1953258.00
3583272.00
ton
m3
53.58
136.83
1360.00
510.00
18000.00
6750.00
72866.69
69781.01
964412.06
923572.13
no
830.00
30.50
383.47
25313.34
318278.03
kg
52659.68
0.85
11.25
44760.73
449029.90
592421.45
8335213.66
m3
m3
no.
10415.74
336.00
1260.00
56.67
396.67
62.33
750.00
5250.00
825.00
590225.27
133280.00
78540.00
7811805.00
1764000.00
1039500.00
m3
ton
day
264.00
14.98
180.00
396.67
1360.00
20.00
5250.00
18000.00
104720.00
20378.03
3600.00
1386000.00
269709.26
0.00
kg
m3
ton
m2
ton
9056.12
298.93
19.52
1048.53
23.52
0.85
121.33
1360.00
2392.98
7697.71
36270.02
26541.25
0.00
33769.77
101881.40
1464750.96
351281.24
1048525.12
1604064.00
m2
m2
575.00
575.00
11.21
10.68
11.25
4900.00
18000.00
1000.00
170500.0
0
119.03
129.95
6446.01
6143.38
68439.38
74721.25
LS
1.00
7500.00
7500.00
1055111.44
0.00
16984677.60
m3
m3
no.
1119.38
29.81
264.00
56.67
396.67
62.33
750.00
5250.00
825.00
63431.25
11825.63
16456.00
839531.25
156515.63
217800.00
kg
m3
ton
m2
LS
1707.01
105.89
8.31
690.94
1.00
0.85
121.33
1360.00
11.25
4900.00
18000.00
1000.00
1450.96
12848.47
11305.24
0.00
5000.00
19203.83
518880.60
149628.22
690940.00
0.00
5000.00
13
Remarks
Hydro Consult

S.N.
Item Descriptions
Unit
16.9
16.10
16.11
Doors and windows

Plumbing & pipework
Miscellaneous steelwork;
covers, handrails
Sub-total
Access Tunnel
Portal excavation and
support
Water control in adit on
incline 25-25 l/s
Rock Excavation
25mm dia 2.4m long rock
bolts @1.5m C/C
Cement grout
C25 Concrete in floor
Rebar for C25 Concrete
in floor
Rock bolts for cable rack
Sub-total
TAILRACE TUNNEL
Rock excavation
100 mm shotcrete
bolts @1.2m C/C
C15 Concrete
Steel works
Water control in tailrace
tunnel 20-25 l/s
Sub-total
Switchyard and River
Training works
Soil excavation for gabion
mattress and stone
masonry
Gravel filling
Gabion mattress as
launching apron
Backfilling
Rip rap
1:4 C/S Stone Masonry
C15 Concrete Blinding
C20 Concrete Slab
C25 concrete for
machine foundation
Formworks
Reinforcement
Sub-total
m2
LS
LS
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.5
18.6
18.7
19
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
19.10
19.11
Quantity
31.33
1.00
1.00
Rate ,
USD
4.03
3000.00
3000.00
Rate,
NRs
3318.14
Amount
NRs
103957.37
0.00
0.00
128443.79
2696456.90
15000.00
0.00
500.00
0.00
LS
1.00
Day
50.00
10.00
m3
m3
no.
3640.00
226.20
968.00
56.67
396.67
41.93
750.00
5250.00
527.27
206266.67
89726.00
40592.84
2730000.00
1187550.00
510395.24
Kg
m3
ton
7267.26
125.30
9.84
0.85
121.33
1360.00
11.25
4900.00
18000.00
6177.17
15203.07
13377.03
81756.68
613970.00
177048.90
no
383.00
28.33
375.00
10851.67
397694.44
143625.00
5444345.82
m3
m2
no.
4792.35
356.64
2799.00
56.67
453.33
34.00
750.00
6000.00
450.00
271566.50
161676.80
95166.00
3594262.50
2139840.00
1259550.00
m3
ton
day
7.00
1.03
60.00
78.00
1360.00
10.00
3150.00
18000.00
546.00
1400.80
600.00
22050.00
18540.00
0.00
530956.10
7034242.50
m3
150.30
0.17
437.00
26.27
65681.10
m3
m3
414.00
150.00
19.95
32.67
1496.39
1050.00
8260.07
4900.00
619505.13
157500.00
m3
m2
m3
m3
m3
m3
7901.50
900.00
601.50
14.44
7.00
127.47
0.47
11.67
55.00
65.00
86.67
104.00
11.81
2625.00
3300.00
2625.00
3500.00
4200.00
3749.47
10500.00
33082.50
938.44
606.67
13257.09
93309.76
2362500.00
1984950.00
37898.44
24500.00
535382.66
m2
ton
387.08
21.15
1246.67
670.00
16500.00
0.00
26362.58
101683.09
17203069.92
259345.28
348916.55
6489488.92
337009789.71
Total
Amount
USD
126.24
3000.00
3000.00
14
Remarks
Hydro Consult

Table F 7. Hydro mechanical cost
15
Hydro Consult

Table F 8. Electromechanical cost
16
Hydro Consult

Table F 9. Transmission line and intergrid connection cost
17
Hydro Consult

Table F 10. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost

Summary of Environmental Monitoring & Mitigation Cost
Reference cost interpolated from NHP Mitigation Reports
Item / Description
Mitigation and enhancement measures cost
Cost for baseline monitoring
Cost for environmental monitoring during construction phase
Environmental monitoring during operation phase
Internal environmental auditing cost
Total (Rs.)
Total Cost (Rs)

16464000
963750
11795000
2255000
846250
32,324,000.00
18
Hydro Consult

Table F 11. New rate summary
S No
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
B
1
2
3
C
1
3
4
6
7
Item description
Unit
Item Unit Rate

in NRs
Item Unit Rate

in USD
0.07
163.88
0.09
218.50
0.24
600.88
Earthwork Excavation
Excavation on soft clay &silty soils including disposal
(up to 10 m lead & 1.5 m lift).
Excavation of Hard soil, Gravel/Boulder Mixed Soil
including disposal (up to 10 m lead & 1.5 m lift).
Excavation of Soft Rock without blasting, disposal (up
to 10 m lead & 1.5 m lift)
Excavation of hard rocks with blasting (Manual Drill),
disposal (up to 10 m lead & 1.5 m lift)
Excavation of hard rocks without blasting, disposal (up
to 10 m lead & 1.5 m lift) with chisel
Ditch cutting in hard soils, disposal (up to 10 m lead
and 1.5 m lift).
Excavation for foundation in all types of soil including
disposal up to 20 m and relevant lift (Depth upto
1.5m)
Excavation for foundation work including disposal up
to 20 m and relevant lift,soft moorum rocks.
Excavation for foundation work including disposal up
to 20 m and relevant lift, Medium hard rocks (without
blasting).
m3
m3
m3
m3
3.56
796.95
m3
1.05
2,622.00
m3
0.13
327.75
0.17
437.00
0.24
600.88
1.05
2,622.00
0.47
11.81
0.33
1,106.02
0.14
1,150.00
143.00
5,775.00
104.00
4,200.00
65.00
2,625.00
99.99
11,271.15
86.49
9,988.44
64.64
7,327.92
57.37
6,637.80
m3
m3
m3
Filling work
Filling with suitable (excavated) material in 15 cm thick
layer compaction using machinery, (haulage distance
10 m )With sprinkling water
Filling with rocks in 45 cm thick layer compaction,
sprinkling water and haulage distance 10 m.
Filling soils in pipe line trenches in 20 cm thick layers
including hand and water sprinkling. Filling by stones in
the foundation and levelling incl. Haulage dist. Up to
30 m
m3
m3
m3
Concrete Work
Machine Mixed Concreting Works(of super
structures, deck slabs, beams including supply of
materials and haulage dist up to 30 m) Concrete grade
C35
Machine Mixed Concreting Works(of super
structures,deck slabs, beams including supply of
C25
Machine Mixed Concrete grade C15 (Supply of
materials & haulage dist up to 30 m) in Foundation,
Footing etc
Manual Mixed Concreting Works(of super structures,
deck slabs, beams including supply of materials and
haulage dist up to 30 m) Concrete grade C35
Manual
Mixed
Concreting
Works(of
super
structures,deck slabs, beams including supply of
C25
Manual Mixed Concrete grade C15 (Supply of
Footing etc
Plum Concrete grade C15 (1:3:6) (Supply of materials
& haulage dist up to 30 m) (30% Plum)
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
19
Hydro Consult
S No
8

Item description
Machine Mixed Concrete grade C20 (Supply of
Footing etc
Machine Mixed Concrete grade c20 with 40% Plum
Steel Work
Reinforced Bar cutting, bending, placing in position and

binding of M.S rod for R.C.C works including a lead of
30 m for 1 MT
Formwork
F
1
Making wooden form including supply and selection of

material, fixing nailing according to drawings, placing
separators, dismanteling form and hauling up to 30 m
distance.
a. Flooring and slab work
b. Vertical faces , wall etc (Upto 3 m high)
c. Vertical surface, wall etc (3-6m high)
d. Vertical surface, wall etc (6-9 m high)
e. Vertical surface, wall etc (More than 9 m high)
Erection, adjustment and nailing of forms for column
including dismantle, removal and hauling up to30 m .
a. Upto 3 m High
b. 3 - 6 m High
c. 6 - 9 m High
d. above 9 m
Making form for structural beam including selection of
material,fixing,nailing, oiling ,dismantle, removal and
hauling up to 30 m distance .
Rubble masonry works including supply of hard stone

blocks, preparing cement mortar, and const. of wall
(up to 5 m highand lead up to 30 m ) using Machine
a. Cement mortar 1:3
b. Cement mortar 1:4
c. Cement mortar 1:6
Rubble masonry works including supply of hard stone
blocks, preparing cement mortar, and const. Of wall
(up to 5 m high (lead up to 30 m ) (Manually)
a. Cement mortar 1:3
b. Cement mortar 1:4
c. Cement mortar 1:6
Providing & Laying dry stone masonry (0-5 m)
including dressing etc all complete (haulage upto 30 m)
Cement Plaster Work
1
2
86.67
3,500.00
m3
60.67
2,450.00
MT
1,246.67
16,500.00
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
611.84
366.37
447.91
549.40
-
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
452.20
539.85
670.00
-
744.47
m3
m3
m3
32.99
55.00
23.87
3,211.11
3,300.00
2,651.54
m3
m3
m3
m3
31.81
28.13
22.69
3,394.30
3,168.00
2,834.73
6.48
1,226.33
50.13
7,885.20
m3
Brick Work
4
5
6
Item Unit Rate

in USD
Stone Masonry
Brick work in 1:3 cement sand mortar (Machine

Mixed)
Mixed)
Mixed)
Brick work in 1:3 cement sand mortar (Manual Mixed)
Item Unit Rate

in NRs
Unit
Plastering 12.5 mm thick

mortar
Plastering 12.5 mm thick
m3
m3
48.06
7,596.37
m3
46.08
7,320.99
m3
m3
m3
49.12
47.04
45.07
7,943.44
7,654.61
7,379.23
1.29
119.54
1.15
117.75
thick 1:3 cement sand
m2
thick 1:4 cement sand
m2
20
Hydro Consult
S No

Item description
4
5
6
7
mortar
Plastering 12.5 mm thick thick 1:6 cement sand
mortar
Plastering 20 mm thick thick 1:3 cement sand mortar
3 mm thick Cement Punning
Wood works
1
2
3
4
5
6
Making salwood frame and fixing of door size 900 x

2100 mm (75mmX100mm)
Making Shutter in 38 mm thick salwood frame (shutter
size 1.07m x 1.982 m)
Making and fitting 3mm glazed shutter in 38 x 75 mm
salwood frame
Making and fitting 24 gauge mosquito proof wire mesh
shutter in 38mm thick salwood frame with shutter size
1.07 x 1.982 m
Making and fixing eves board with 25 mm thick sal
wood
Fixing 3 mm thick commercial plywood in frame using
timber beads
3
4
Painting Works
Two coats of white washing

First and second coat of cement paint on plasterd
surface
Two coats of enamel painting on one coat lining
Fencing works
Barbed wire fencing works with five rows and two

diagonal barbed wires and column at 3m spacing ,size
of timber column is 75 mm * 100 mm * 2100 mm
Gabion Work
M
1
Item Unit Rate

in USD
0.89
114.21
1.97
1.73
1.32
0.96
144.76
141.58
136.11
66.70
67.91
59,093.11
4.03
3,318.14
2.67
2,578.57
2.45
2,499.74
2.33
1,037.78
0.33
163.73
m2
11.21
119.03
m2
10.68
129.95
kg
kg
1.71
1.55
31.03
20.77
m2
m2
0.12
10.01
0.35
136.56
m2
0.93
68.08
4.14
25.30
18.57
19.41
21.62
11.25
32.67
69.69
71.13
77.59
244.38
1,050.00
19.95
1,496.39
11.67
2,625.00
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m3
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
Roofing Works
CGI Sheet roofing works with supply of materials
complete
Making ridge of CGI plain sheets and fitting with supply
of materials complete
Fixing and supply of steel tubular truss
Fixing and supply of steel tubular pipe for purlins
Item Unit Rate

in NRs
Unit
Making gabion including cutting wire , netting, placing

in position, tying gabion by tightening wire and closing
from the top etc complete hexagonal mesh size 100
mm
x
120
mm.
Mesh
wire10
SWG
Selvedge-8
SWG
Tying wire- 12 Swg
a. Box size (3 m x 1 m x 1 m)
b. Box size (2 m x 1 m x 1 m)
c. Box size (1.5 m x 1 m x 1 m)
Filling stones/ boulders in the gabion boxes
Gabion Works
m3
m3
m3
m3
Filter material laying

Laying 300 mm thick filter layer of 75mm to 6mm
stone aggregates in canal bed including haulage up to
10m distance.
Boulder Riprap
m3
m2
21
Hydro Consult
S No

Item description
N
1
Geotextile
Supply and Laying of geotextile materials
Site preparation
a Uprooting trees & disposal 15 m far from the

construction site. (12 -30 cm dia)
b Cutting thick vegetation, grubing their roots &
disposal 25 m far from the const. Site. (the vegetation
dia.<= 30 cm & density >15 nr/2100 m2
c Cutting thin vegetation, grubing their roots &
disposal 25 m far from the const. Site. (the vegetation
dia.<= 30 cm & density<=15 nr/2100 m2
d Cutting, uprooting & disposal of bamboo (measure
volume of excavation)
e Spreading top soils at the required slope.
f Dressing nicely the spreaded top soils in slope
including levelling & light compaction.
Unit
m2
each
m2
m2
m3
m3
m2
22
Item Unit Rate

in NRs
Item Unit Rate

in USD
1.49
308.66
90.02
13.50
9.23
630.15
9.00
105.78
Hydro Consult

Table F 12. Rate summary of Miscellaneous Item
1
USD
Item
no.
Description
Unit
75
US$
Increment
12%
Remarks
NRs.
Rate
in
US$
Current
Rate in
US$
Current
Rate in
NRs.
25.00
21.25
30.00
0
1
Expansion Joints
Seleant
24.53
28.00
23.80
315.00
Hydrocell
16.10
19.00
16.15
213.75
Water bars
16.60
19.00
16.15
213.75
3.00
1.80
90.00
Metal works for walkway and Railings
KG
Curtain Grouting
kg
Hard stone lining
Steel lining (20 mm thick)
Railings
1.00
0.85
11.25
m3
121.50
137.00
34.25
7,706.25
m2
334.00
375.00
225.00
11,250.00
rm
12.50
14.00
8.40
420.00
4.30
5.00
4.00
70.00
14.00
16.00
10
HDPE pipe of 75mm
11
Sub-Base Laying (15m. Thick)
rm
m3
12
Sub-Grade Preparation
m2
13
Backfilling by compaction
1,200.00
90.00
85.00
23
Hydro Consult

Table F 13. Tunnel Excavation Rate
24
Hydro Consult

Table F 14. Energy Calculation Sheet of NHP
NYADI HYDROPOWER PROJECT, FEASIBILITY STUDY

POWER AND OUTPUT ENERGY CALCULATION
Gross head, m
333.90 m
Overall efficiency
85.47%
Dry season outage
4%
Wet season outage
4%
D/s release m3/s
0.31 m3/s
Length of tunnel
3937.0 m
Turbine
Generator
Transformer
Overall
Shotcreted tunnel
2737.0 m
90.50%
97.00%
99.50%
87.35%
Concrte lined tunnel
1200.0 m
89.00%
97.00%
99.00%
85.47%
Length of penstock
675.4 m
0.015 For concrete
Friction coeficient
0.022 For shotcrete
Tunnel Diameter
3.20
Area
1.60
Perimeter
9.14 m2
11.43 m
40.00%
Design flow, m3/s
11.08
Penstock Diameter, m
1.75
Flow
Month
(Nepali)
Nyadi
Available
Intake Flow flow in Siuri
available in
Available
Operating
Siuri
Flow
days
Design flow
Headloss
Headloss
Headloss
Total
HW
HRT
Penstok
Headloss
Net head
Generation
capacity
Tailrace
(m3/s)
Baishakh
Jestha
Ashar
Shravan
Bhadra
Ashoj
Kartik
Mangsir
Poush
Magh
Falgun
Chaitra
Adopt
(m3/sec)
4.38
9.31
24.94
40.12
35.34
21.44
9.94
5.45
3.75
3.38
3.08
3.34
(m3/s)
(m3/s)
(m3/s)
(kW)
Energy for
Rural
Electrification
(kWh)
Energy for
Pumping
(kWh)
Dry season
Wet season
energy (after
energy (After
deduction
deduction
outage, RE and
outage,RE and
Pumping)
(kWh)
Pumping))
(kWh)
0.68
0.64
4.71
31
4.71
0.155
0.571
1.144
1.871
332.03
13105.79
22,500.00
148333.50
9,189,849
1.62
1.40
10.40
31
10.40
0.756
2.791
5.589
9.136
324.76
28329.98
22,500.00
296667.00
19,915,237
3.87
1.40
26.04
32
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
323.54
30000.00
22,500.00
0.00
22,095,900
7.46
1.40
41.21
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
323.54
30000.00
22,500.00
0.00
21,404,700
7.83
1.40
36.43
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
323.54
30000.00
22,500.00
0.00
21,404,700
4.62
1.40
22.54
31
11.08
0.857
3.165
6.339
10.361
323.54
30000.00
22,500.00
0.00
21,404,700
2.28
1.40
11.04
30
11.04
0.850
3.141
6.289
10.280
323.62
29944.90
22,500.00
296667.00
20,378,747
1.36
1.32
6.46
29
6.46
0.291
1.077
2.156
3.525
330.38
17900.24
22,500.00
296667.00
1.04
1.00
4.44
30
4.44
0.138
0.509
1.019
1.665
332.23
12372.83
22,500.00
296667.00
8,232,931
0.79
0.75
3.82
29
3.82
0.102
0.376
0.753
1.230
332.67
10649.31
22,500.00
148333.50
6,944,608
0.58
0.54
3.31
30
3.31
0.077
0.283
0.567
0.926
332.97
9248.89
22,500.00
148333.50
6,221,996
0.43
0.39
3.42
30
3.42
0.081
0.301
0.602
0.985
332.92
9533.32
22,500.00
148333.50
6,418,600
11,641,058
Maximum Power Generation, kW
30,000.00
Total seasonal Energy, kWh
27,818,136
Annual generation, GWh
27.82
Total energy, GWh
147.43
175.25
Ratio of wet season energy with dry season energy
147,434,892
5.30
25
Table F15. Benefit calculation sheet of NHP

Major Assumptions:
(USD in '000)
Typical Disbursement percentage
Capacity
MW
Exchange Rate (US$)
NRs.
Base Project Cost

Cost Overrun
Financing Cost
Construction Insurance Cost
US$
0%
2%
30.00
Total Project Cost
US$
60,019
30%
18,006
Debt Portion
70%
42,013
Interest Rate
After Capitalization
58,842
1,177 of Project Cost
of Project Cost
Equity Portion
Loan Payback Period
Construction P Year 1
75
14%
Per Annum
10
Years
74218
37.84%
22265
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
100.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2
3
4
5
60.0%
30.0%
20.0%
20.0%
40.0%
40.0%
20.0%
20.0%
0.0%
30.0%
30.0%
20.0%
0.0%
0.0%
30.0%
20.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
20.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
15.0%
15.0%
15.0%
15.0%
25.0%
15.0%
0.0%
15.0%
12.0%
13.0%
15.0%
15.0%
15.0%
15.0%
51953
Actual Project Cost (USD'000)
64279
TRUE
Construction Period Years
Total Project Cost
Investment Outlays
4
0th year
Cost %
1st Year
1.5%
Amount (USD '000)
2nd Year
18.5%
964
3rd Year
20.0%
11,892
4th Year
30.0%
5th Year
30.0%
12,856
6th Year
0.0%
SUM Check
7th Year
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
TRUE
19,284
19,284
20.0%
8,403
30.0%
12,604
30.0%
12,604
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
0.0%
-
TRUE
20.00%
4,453
30.00%
6,680
30.00%
6,680
0.00%
-
0.00%
-
0.00%
-
TRUE
Debt
Debt %
Amount (USD '000)
0.0%
-
20.0%
8,403
Equity
20.00%
964
Equity %
Amount (USD '000)
3,489
O&M Cost
2.00%
of Project Cost
Corporate Overhead and Insurance

Replacement Cost (USD '000) (% of Total E/M Cost)
1.50%
2625
of Project Cost
Inflation Rate per year
20 th year
at 350 per KW EM cost
5%
Other Important Input Factors
Royalty:
BPC's S/H
2%
1 - 15 Years
100.00%
Employee Bonus
1.33 USD/KW installed
2%
Salvage Value of Assets
Working Capital
30
Dividend Payout
95%
% of PAT
10%
16 - 50 Years
13.33 USD/KW installed
Discount Rate
Income Tax
Days
14.0%
21.5%
Total
Energy Production ( GWh)
Dry
175.25
Outage and Station Use % of Total Energy

Outage Energy (GWh)
0.00%
0.00
Tariffs as per PPA
Total
Wet
27.82
147.43
Dry
Wet
Interest Factor
Tariff Rate (NRs/KWh)
6.30
6.30
6.30
Tariff Rate (USD/KWh)
0.0840
0.0840
0.0840
Escalation on Tariff per year from day of PPA
6%
0%
Depreciation Year
25
Depreciation %/Year
of FCFs
for Project CF
10 for Yrs
onwards
4.00%
Financial Analysis Worksheet

Fiscal Years
(USD in '000)
Construction Periods
Develop
2067/68
2011
Years #
Year of Operation
Total Energy (GWh) Produced
Dry
Wet
Energy for Outages (GWh)
Tariffs (USD/KWh)
Dry
Wet
Total Revenue from Energy Sale
Cost of Energy production (USD/KWh)

Costs
Development
Construction Cost
Running Cost
O&M Cost
Corporate Overhead and Insurance
M&E Replacement Cost
Royalty
Working Capital
Total Cost
Operating Income
Depreciation
Interest
Earning before Tax
Tax
EBIT
Total Cost including Tax
Profit After Tax (PAT)
2012
1
2013
2
2014
3
Commercial Operation Starts
2015
4
2016
5
2017
6
2018
7
2019
8
1
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.084
0.084
0.084
14,721
2
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.089
0.089
0.089
15,604
3
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.094
0.094
0.094
16,488
0.0077
0.0075
0.0073
11,892
12,856
19,284
19,284
964
(964)
(964)
11,892
(11,892)
(11,892)
12,856
(12,856)
(12,856)
106
19,389
(19,389)
(19,389)
1,430
1,073
334
2,838
11,883
2,571
8,034
1,278
1,502
1,126
352
2,981
12,624
2,571
7,619
2,434
1,577
1,183
370
3,130
13,358
2,571
7,145
3,641
964
-
11,892
-
12,856
-
19,284
(19,284)
(19,284)
19,284
-
(0)
19,389
-
9,312
2,838
1,278
10,053
2,981
2,434
10,787
3,130
3,641
964
11,892
12,856
19,284
2020
9
4
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.099
0.099
0.099
17371
2021
10
5
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.104
0.104
0.104
18254
2022
11
6
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.109
0.109
0.109
19137
2023
12
7
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.114
0.114
0.114
20021
2024
13
8
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.119
0.119
0.119
20904
2025
14
9
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.124
0.124
0.124
21787
2026
15
10
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.129
0.129
0.129
22670
2027
16
11
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2028
17
12
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2029
18
13
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2030
19
14
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2031
20
15
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2032
21
16
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2033
22
17
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2034
23
18
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2035
24
19
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2036
25
20
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2037
26
21
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2038
27
22
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2039
28
23
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2040
29
24
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2041
30
25
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2042
31
26
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2043
32
27
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.00
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
28
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.000
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
2044
33
29
175.25
27.82
147.43
0.000
0.134
0.134
0.134
23554
0.0071
0.0069
0.0065
0.0068
0.0064
0.0061
0.0065
0.0061
0.0062
0.0063
0.0064
0.0065
0.0076
0.0077
0.0078
0.0080
0.0119
0.0083
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087
0.0089
0.0079
0.0081
0.0083
0.0085
1,656
1,242
387
1,739
1,304
405
1,826
1,369
423
1,917
1,438
440
2,013
1,510
458
2,113
1,585
476
2,219
1,664
493
2,330
1,748
511
2,447
1,835
511
2,569
1,927
511
2,697
2,023
511
2,832
2,124
511
2,974
2,230
2,755
3,123
2,342
2,755
3,279
2,459
2,755
3,443
2,582
2,755
3,615
2,711
8,466
2,755
3,795
2,847
2,755
3,985
2,989
2,755
4,184
3,138
2,755
4,394
3,295
2,755
4,613
3,460
2,755
4,844
3,633
2,755
5,086
3,815
2,755
5,341
4,005
2,755
5,608
4,206
2,755
3,285
14,085
2,571
6,605
4,909
3,448
14,806
2,571
5,990
6,245
3,618
15,520
2,571
5,288
7,660
11,514
3,285
4,909
12,235
3,448
6,245
12,948
3,618
7,660
3,795
16,225
2,571
4,488
9,166
985
13,654
4,780
8,181
3,980
16,923
2,571
3,576
10,776
1,158
14,352
5,139
9,618
4,174
17,613
2,571
2,536
12,505
1,344
15,042
5,519
11,161
4,377
18,293
2,571
1,351
14,371
3,090
15,722
7,467
11,281
4,589
18,965
2,571
16,394
3,525
16,394
8,113
12,869
4,793
18,761
2,571
16,190
3,481
16,190
8,273
12,709
5,007
18,547
2,571
15,976
3,435
15,976
8,441
12,541
5,231
18,322
2,571
15,751
3,386
15,751
8,618
12,365
5,467
18,086
2,571
15,515
3,336
15,515
8,803
12,179
7,960
15,594
2,571
13,023
2,800
13,023
10,759
10,223
8,220
15,334
2,571
12,763
2,744
12,763
10,964
10,019
8,493
15,061
2,571
12,489
2,685
12,489
11,178
9,804
8,780
14,774
2,571
12,203
2,624
12,203
11,403
9,579
17,547
6,007
2,571
3,435
739
3,435
18,286
2,697
9,397
14,156
2,571
11,585
2,491
11,585
11,888
9,094
9,729
13,824
2,571
11,253
2,419
11,253
12,149
8,834
10,078
13,475
2,571
10,904
2,344
10,904
12,423
8,560
10,444
13,109
2,571
10,538
2,266
10,538
12,710
8,272
10,829
12,725
2,571
10,154
2,183
10,154
13,012
7,971
11,232
12,321
12,321
2,649
12,321
13,881
9,672
11,656
11,897
11,897
2,558
11,897
14,214
9,339
12,101
11,452
11,452
2,462
11,452
14,564
8,990
12,569
10,985
10,985
2,362
10,985
14,930
8,623
10,647
9,672
9,339
8,990
8,623
964
19,389
Net Benefit to the Project
11,883
12,624
13,358
14,085
14,806
15,520
15,240
15,765
16,269
15,204
15,440
15,280
15,112
14,936
14,750
12,794
12,590
12,375
12,150
5,268
11,665
11,405
11,131
10,844
Salvage Value of Assets

Salvage Value of Working Capital
Net Cost to The Project
106
(11,892)
(12,856)
(19,284)
(19,389)
11,883
12,624
13,358
14,085
14,806
15520
15240
15765
16269
15204
15440
15280
15112
14936
14750
12794
12590
12375
12150
5268
11665
11405
11131
10844
10647
9672
9339
8990
8623
19137
3618
20021
4780
20904
5139
21787
5519
22670
7467
23554
8113
23554
8273
23554
8441
23554
8618
23554
8803
23554
10759
23554
10964
23554
11178
23554
11403
23554
18286
23554
11888
23554
12149
23554
12423
23554
12710
23554
13012
23554
13881
23554
14214
23554
14564
23554
14930
5268
54
9672
193
9339
187
8990
180
8623
172
(964)
Net Cash Flow to the Project

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR THE PROJECT
NPV Benefits (USD 000)
NPV Cost (USD 000)
NPV Benefits-Cost (USD 000)
Benefit Cost Ratio

IRR on the Project
FINANCING COSTS
Equity
Loans
Balance of Loan
Interest During Construction
Balance of Loan after Capitalization
Income
Total Costs including Tax
50019
40161
9858
1.25
16.99%
Year 0
964
-
Year 1
3,489
8,403
8,403
1,176
9,579
Year 2
4,453
8,403
17,982
2,517
20,499
Year 3
6,680
12,604
33,103
4,634
37,737
Year 4
6,680
12,604
50,341
7,048
57,389
Year 5
-
Year 6
-
Year 7
-
11,892
12,856
19,284
19,389
14,721
2,838
15,604
2,981
16,488
3,130
57389
11002
57389
57,389
1
11,002
8,034
2,968
54,421
2
11,002
7,619
3,383
51,038
3
11,002
7,145
3,857
47,181
Cash Inflow to the Project

Bonus
Debt Servicing
Deposits for Electromechanical Replacement
Withdrawl for Electromechanical Replacement
Cash Inflow for Equity Holders
Cash Outflow for Equity Holders
11,883
26
12,624
49
13,358
73
11,002
0
11,002
0
11,002
0
Net Cash Flow to Equity after Repayments

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR THE SHAREHOLDERS
NPV Benefits (USD 000)
NPV Cost (USD 000)
NPV Benefits-Cost (USD 000)
Benefit Cost Ratio
17371
3285
18254
3448
Years
Capital and Interest Repayments

Total Loan Including IDC
Yearly Equal Payment
Interest Repayment
Principal Repayment
Balance of Loans (after Repayment)
51283
964
0
964
(964)
3489
4453
6680
(3,489)
(4,453)
(6,680)
6,680
(6,680)
855
855
1,573
2,283
1,573
2,283
4
11,002
6,605
4,397
42,784
5
11,002
5,990
5,012
37,772
6
11,002
5,288
5,714
32,058
7
11,002
4,488
6,514
25,543
8
11,002
3,576
7,426
18,117
10
11,002
2,536
8,466
9,651
11,002
1,351
9,651
-
11
12
13
14085
98
14806
125
15520
153
15240
164
15765
192
16269
223
15204
226
15440
257
15280
254
15112
251
14936
247
14750
244
12794
204
12590
200
12375
196
12150
192
11665
182
11405
177
11131
171
10844
165
10647
159
11002
11002
11,002
0
11,002
0
11,002
0
11,002
0
11,002
0
5,214
11,484
11,228
10,960
10,678
10,488
9,479
9,153
8,810
8,451
5,214
11,484
11,228
10,960
10,678
10,488
9,479
9,153
8,810
8,451
2,985
3,679
4,364
4,074
4,570
5,043
3,976
15,183
15,026
14,861
14,688
14,507
12,590
12,389
12,179
0.00
11,959
2,985
3,679
4,364
4,074
4,570
5,043
3,976
15,183
15,026
14,861
14,688
14,507
12,590
12,389
12,179
11,959
19722
13960
5762
1.41
26
Hydro Consult

APPENDIX G
ACCESS ROAD AND BRIDGE
DESIGN REPORT

FEASIBILITY STUDY
October, 2010
Hydro Consult

Access Road Design Report
Table of contents
Page no.
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... I
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Background ...............................................................................................................................................1
Geomorphology and Geology ..............................................................................................................2
Climatic Condition ..................................................................................................................................2
Vegetation .................................................................................................................................................2
Hydrology and Meteorology .................................................................................................................3
2. ALIGNMENT SURVEY ....................................................................................................... 4

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................4
Survey Procedure ....................................................................................................................................4
Discarded Road Alignment ...................................................................................................................4
Proposed Alignment Description ........................................................................................................4
Material survey .........................................................................................................................................5
Longitudinal Section and Cross Section .............................................................................................5
3. GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS ............................................................................... 6

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
Road Classification: Traffic and Loading .............................................................................................6

Design speed.............................................................................................................................................6
Horizontal Alignment .............................................................................................................................6
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
Horizontal Curvature............................................................................................................................... 6
Minimum radius of curvature ................................................................................................................. 7
Extra widening ........................................................................................................................................... 8
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
Vertical curve ............................................................................................................................................. 9

Summit Curve ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Valley Curve ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Super Elevation.........................................................................................................................................8
Vertical alignment ....................................................................................................................................9
Stopping Sight distance ........................................................................................................................ 10

Hair-Pin Bends....................................................................................................................................... 10
Drainage .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Pavement Design .................................................................................................................................. 11
Retaining structures ............................................................................................................................. 12
Cut/ Fill batter Slope............................................................................................................................ 13
Lateral clearance ................................................................................................................................... 13
Vertical clearance ................................................................................................................................. 13
Right of way ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Sign posts and Safety devices ............................................................................................................. 13
4. MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ................................................. 14

4.1
4.2
Recommended species for bioengineering in the road sections ............................................... 14

Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................................. 15
Hydro Consult

5. ACCESS ROAD COST...................................................................................................... 16

6. MARSYANGDI BRIDGE ................................................................................................... 17
7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 18
8. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 19
LIST OF TABLES
Page no.
Table 1-1 Salient feature of the access road..........................................................................................................1

Table 3-1 Widening of curve ..................................................................................................................................8
Table 3-2 Super Elevation .........................................................................................................................................9
Table 3-3 Sight distance .......................................................................................................................................... 10
ii
Hydro Consult

List of abbreviations
BH
Borehole
BPC
Butwal Power Company Ltd.
DHM
Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
DoR
Department of Roads
DoS
Department of Survey
km
Kilometer
Meter
m2
Square meter
MCT
Main Central Thrust
US $
United States Dollars
VDC
Village Development Committee
GON
Government of Nepal
NHP
NHL
iii
Hydro Consult

SUMMARY
Background
The access road to the site of Nyadi Hydropower Project is designed as a district level road located
in Lamjung District. This road links Beshishar - Chame road at Thakanbeshi near Nyadi Bazaar to
Powerhouse site, Surge Shaft and headworks area of Nyadi Hydropower Project. Among two
alternatives studied, the proposed one proves to be better alignment for Access Road in terms of
geometric standard and cost effectiveness.
The length of the proposed access road will be about 9KM from its roadhead at Thakanbeshi
(Besishashar Chame road) at the right bank of Marsyangdi River near Nyadi Bazaar to Naiche
Village. Around 2KM road is also considered for access from Naiche Village to Headworks area for
the construction of the project. A 52.0m long major bridge will be constructed for crossing
Marsyangdi River at Thakanbeshi. In order to provide access to surge shaft location, additional 2.4KM
of road from Thulobeshi village to Surge Adit is considered as well. The access to the powerhouse
site can be provided by the construction of access tunnel with its starting point at Ch. 4+500 near
the proposed switchyard location.
Hence, the total length of the whole access road for the project will be about 13.45KM starting from
the existing Besisahar-Chame road.
Geometric Design Standards
This access road for Nyadi Hydropower Project falls under District Road Class A type according to
NRS 2045 and DoLIDAR 1998. This road as being the hill road is so designed by considering
minimum radius of curve of 12.5m, carriage way width 3.0m, formation width 4.50m and design speed
is 20kmph. The Right Of Way (ROW) of the access road is taken as 10m on each side of the road
centreline at most of the stetches except around those areas where the ROW can be reduced
depending upon field condition and design requirement. It is assumed that for design, the transport
unit has been taken less than 400 per day in this road and maximum axle wheel load is 14.4 tons.
Alignment Survey
First of all, Reconnaissance survey was done for fixing the alignment. After the completion of
reconnaissance survey, the tentative fixing of alignment was done using Abney level and tape. After
fixing tentative alignment, a traverse was run along the road corridor of specified width by using total
station instrument. In general, the alignment passes through steep slopes, forests and cultivated lands
while the few stretches have to pass through hard cliff.
Design
The design has been done according to Nepal Road Standard (First Revision 2045). Horizontal and
vertical curve has been provided as per necessity. Since the road is considered as hill road, some
hair-pin bends have been introduced as well to maintain the required gradient. The side slope of
filling and cutting of the road was so chosen to ensure the stability of the road in a balanced way.
Proper drainage system has been provided in order to prevent the road formation from further
damage due to monsoon flow. The side drains, both lined and unlined depending upon flow and
catchment area are kept along the route and drain out to the near-by natural water course or into
the meeting of cross-drainage structures. Gravel has been considered as the pavement material to be
used in Sub-base layer with no other layers considered. The use of retaining walls and structures has
been minimized as far as possible from viewpoint of economy and construction simplicity with some
stone masonry and gabion walls provided at unavoidable areas.
S-i
Hydro Consult

Measures for Environmental Protection

Mitigation measures are recommended to reduce, avoid or offset potential adverse environmental
consequences from implementing the project. The objective of mitigation measures is to maximize
project benefits and minimize the undesirable impacts. Bio engineering is one of the measures
commonly adopted. to ensuring ground stability as well as improving the environmental condition.
Access Road Cost
The cost of the access road has been obtained from the quantity surveying based on design works
and the rate analysis based on the standard norms of Nepal Road Standard. The estimated cost of the
whole access road (excluding VAT and Contingencies) is about NRs. 211,052,331.00. This is
subjected to change since the actual cost of construction may vary depending upon the modifications
made in design as per site condition during construction.
Conclusion and Recommendations
From all the informations provided in this report, it can be concluded that the selected alignment for
the access road is the most suitable and cost effective one from the viewpoint of topographic
stability, engineering and geological features of the project area, the road design parameters provided
and the overall economy. The environmental protection measures are considered to be satisfactory
in terms of its effectiveness. No such problem that may be imposed by this road seems to be
significant as compared to its usefulness. So, It is strongly recommended to effectively implement the
design during construction so that the road can successfully meet the objective for which it is made
and serve with its full capacity to its users for a long period of time.
It is worthy to mention here that during construction, the design may be altered depending upon
actual site condition. However, the variations in design and hence the quantity may require the
approval of Site Engineer to ensure quality control.
S-ii
Hydro Consult

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Construction of Nyadi Hydropower Project requires an access road which provides an access to the
powerhouse site at Thulobesi of Bahundada VDC and reaches the headworks site of the same VDC.
At present, there is no motorable road except around 10 km long foot trail access from Nyadi
Bazaar.
The alignment of the road runs mostly along the river valley of the rain fed catchments of Nyadi
khola. The proposed access road starts from Besishar Chame road at Thakanbeshi and reaches up
to headworks site of NHP at Bahundada VDC. The primary objective of this road is to facilitate the
construction of NHP in time by making project accessible to the main road at Nyadi Bazaar. Further,
it will facilitate the people of Bahundada VDC of Lamjung district by making the area accessible using
vehicle from the existing motorable road. The access road project area is located on hilly areas of
Western Development Region of Nepal and it has been designed on the basis of Green (Agricultural)
Road concept with the flexibility in construction technique by the use of both man and machine so as
to reduce cost.
Table 1-1 Salient feature of the access road
S.N.
1.
2
4
5
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7
8
9
Parameters
Name of the Project
Geographical location
Region
Zone
District
Geographical feature:
Climate
Geology
Hydrology
Meteorology
Classification:
Length of road
Starting point
End point
Total length of road
Design Criteria:
Design speed
Stopping Sight Distance
Gradient
Maximum gradient
Minimum gradient
Cross section
Right of way
Formation width
Carriage way
Shoulder
Side drain
Minimum horizontal curve radius
Pavement
Cross Drainage Structure
Bridge 52.0m span
0.6m dia Pipe Culvert
Retaining Structure
Gabion
Description
Western Region
Gandaki
Lamjung
Sub-Tropical.
Mountainous.
Rain fed catchment of Nyadi khola
Unevenly distributed precipitation controlled by monsoon
District Rural Road Class 'A'
Upstream of Nyadi Bazaar at Thakanbeshi (Right Bank of
Marsyangdi River)
Proposed Headworks Site.
13.50KM
20 kmph.
20 m.
12.0%
0.5% to facilitate better drainage.
10 m from the road centerline on either side.
4.5 m.
3.0 m.
0.75 m.
Earthen Tick/ Trapezoidal Dry Stone/ Stone Masonry Drain
12.5m
Gravel (15 cm Thick)
1 no. (Proposed)
23 nos. (Proposed)
610m3
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1.2 Geomorphology and Geology

The NHP lies within the Higher Himalayan Topographic Zone to the north of the Main Central
Thrust (MCT), which lies near the proposed surface powerhouse. The project area consists of
medium - to high - grade metamorphic rocks of the Lesser Himalaya and Higher Himalaya of
Precambrian age. The main rock types are gneisses, schist, and quartzite.
The Nyadi area is a narrow V- shaped valley, which was formed by vertical rock cliff at right bank and
steeply dipping colluviums and rock at left bank. Colluviums and alluvial deposits were located along
and side of the Khola at left bank and foothill. At some places, the Nyadi has made deep gorges by
cutting into bedrock and alluvial deposits, which reflect the rise of the Himalaya.
1.3 Climatic Condition

The climate of this area is monsoonal in character with a marked rainy season between June and
September. The annual rainfall in or around Nyadi catchment varies between 665 mm and 4436 mm
depending upon elevation.
Temperatures vary with altitude and slope facing. On ridge tops at an altitude of 3000 m, monthly
means temperature may vary from 15oC in January to 24oC in June. Valley bottoms are generally
warmer for very much longer periods and enjoy a sub-tropical warm temperate climate.
Local variations in climate have a significant influence on land use, and to a certain extent on
engineering works. North facing slopes are generally colder and retain more water in summer.
When uncultivated they support strong, forest vegetation which tends to stabilize slopes. South
facing slopes on the other hand are warmer and drier in summer and the combined effect of forest
clearance and cultivation makes them more susceptible to erosion. Many of the largest landslides are
located on south or south-east facing slopes. It is reported that many of these have been initiated by
continuous heavy rainfall during the monsoon.
1.4 Vegetation
The overall natural vegetation cover within the study area has been categorized as forests, shrub and
bushy land and agricultural land. Forests have been disrupted by fuel wood, fodder, timber collection
and extensive cultivation.
The vegetation along the Access Road consists of mixed forest. The different types of vegetation
along the road alignment are listed below.
Uttis (Alnus nepalensis)
Chilaune (Schima wallichi)
Kaphal (Myrica nagi)
Siris (Albizzia stipulata)
Katus (Castanopsis indica)
Gayo (Bridelia retusa)
Kyamun (Syzygium cerasoides)
Kutmiro (Litsea monopetala)
Sindhure (Mallaotus phillippinensis)
Gurans (Rhododendrun sps.)
Angeri (Pieris ovalifolia)
Mauwa (Bassia latifolia)
Simal (Bomex cebia),
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Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris)
The ground cover consists of Nigalo (Arundinaria sp), Chutro (Berberis aristata), Ainselu (Rubus
elipticus), Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum), Titepati (Artimisia vulgaris), Ghodtapre (Centella
asiatica), etc.
1.5 Hydrology and Meteorology

A field visit was carried out for hydrological investigation of the Kholsa crossing of the proposed
road. It passes through a stretch of land of similar topographical and geological features, and
therefore, the hydrological characteristics of the cross drainage are quite similar. The catchment area
of such Kholsa crossing on the road is quite small. Most of the cross drainage are of seasonal type,
and there are flash flood during rainy seasons only.
The hydrology of the road corridor is strongly affected by the monsoon climate which makes the
rainfall pattern and its distribution the important features for the stability of terrain.
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2.

ALIGNMENT SURVEY
2.1 Introduction
The access road under this design study is totally a new construction with only foot trails available in
the project area. This chapter deals with all the necessary survey works related to the design and
construction of the road.
2.2 Survey Procedure

Review of reports available before site investigation for road survey and the study of related
topographical map sheets was carried out so as to ensure the collection of all required information.
At first, a reconnaissance survey was done before fixing the alignment. After completion of
reconnaissance survey, the tentative fixing of alignment was done using Abney level and tape. After
fixing tentative alignment, detail engineering survey was done including traverse (Base line) survey
along the road corridor of specified width using total station. The base line was so set up that the
center line of the road would coincide with the traverse line. During survey, Total Station was used
to get all the necessary data and information to generate contour map of the proposed access road.
The base line system of the road has been connected to the grid system of Nyadi Hydropower
Project as the road runs through the project area.
For vertical control, benchmarks were provided on permanent structures at approximately 1000m
interval. Concrete pegs were driven at the places where permanent structures were not available.
2.3 Discarded Road Alignment

Marsyangdi River Bank Route
One of the options considered was the route to the proposed Marsyangdi bridge along the right
bank of Marsyangdi river by the use of Hair-Pin bends just after the starting point of the road. This
option is considered to be unsafe from flood hazard point of view in case of high flood in Marsyangdi
river, which may require river training structures to prevent the road from floods and may also be
longer than the proposed option. Hence, this option was discarded.
Route to Naiche along upper mid hills
Another option considered was the route to Naiche along upper mid hills from powerhouse area.
This option is regarded as unsuitable as it requires excessive excavation of hard and soft rocks by the
use of blasting technique As compared to this alternative, the proposed route along the left bank of
Nyadi River requires less rock excavation with minimum risk of flood damage. Hence, this route
along upper mid hills to Naiche is discarded.
2.4 Proposed Alignment Description

The road survey and design starts from Thakanbeshi at upper side of Nyadi Bazaar and meets the
proposed Headworks site at Bahundada VDC. The proposed road alignment mostly follows the
existing trail passing through the sloping areas having thin forest and cultivated lands and along the
right bank of Nyadi river as well keeping in mind that the length will be the shortest one. In order to
maintain the slope of formation level of access road within the permissible value, several hair pin
bends have been provided along the road alignment.
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2.5 Material survey

Based on the investigation during the field trip, all the required materials like cement, reinforcement
bar, gabion-wire etc should be transported from Besishar, Lamjung. Gravel, sand, boulder and
aggregate are available at the Nyadi Khola and Marsyangdi River. In some areas, boulders are locally
available as well.
2.6 Longitudinal Section and Cross Section

For longitudinal section, field survey should include reduced levels of ground at regular intervals of
road centerline. Similarly, for cross-section, ground information at either side of at least right of way
of road centerline has been obtained from survey. As per Scope of Works, cross sections at 20m
interval were assessed from the topographical survey. All the required details of longitudinal section
and cross section has been shown in drawings provided in Annex D.
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3. GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS

3.1 Road Classification: Traffic and Loading
According to the Nepal Road Standard (NRS)-2045, roads can be classified as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
National Highway
Feeder Roads
District Roads
City Roads
Village Roads (According to revised NRS)
The access road for Nyadi Hydropower project falls under District Road according to NRS (First
Revision-2045). For the purpose of movement of heavy laden vehicles, the carriage way and
formation width (total width of the road) were taken as 3.0 m and 4.5 m respectively. It is assumed
that for design, transport unit has been taken less than 400 per day in this type of road. The
maximum axle load standard is 14.4 tons for the design of pavement.
3.2 Design speed

The design speed is the most important factor for controlling the geometric design elements of
highways. It is one of the deciding factors as per the overall requirement of the road. In Nepal,
different speed standards have been assigned according to the class of road and the topography of
the area. From design standards, the design speed of vehicle in this type of District road is 20 kmph.
3.3 Horizontal Alignment

3.3.1 Horizontal Curvature
The alignment was chosen and surveyed following the existing trails as far as possible. Horizontal
curves are designed as circular curves according to the alignment data taken during field survey. The
curves are designed as a. The design procedures of simple circular curves are given below:
Where,
I. P.
= Intersection point
T1
= Commencement of tangent
T2
= Point of tangency
BC
= Beginning of Curve
EC
= End of Curve
Ax
= Apex distance from I. P.
R.
= Radius of curvature
= Deflection angle
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The various parameters of curves were calculated by taking appropriate value of Radius of curvature
and Deflection Angle, which are obtained actually noted from the field work.
Then,
Tangent length = R.tan

2

Apex distance = R. sec 1
2
Curve length =
R
180 0
Now,
a)
Chainage of commencement of tangent = Chainage of I. P. - Tangent length
b)
Chainage of termination of tangent = Chainage of commencement of tangent + curve

length
c)
Chainage of apex point = Chainage of commencement of tangent + 0.5 x curve length
d)
Chainage of supporting I. P.= Chainage of termination of preceding I. P. + I. P. to I.P

distance - Tangent length of preceding I. P.
When centerline of the road deviates from its original position, the horizontal curve is introduced to
facilitate the safe and smooth movement of vehicles.
3.3.2 Minimum radius of curvature
Empirical Formula has been given for obtaining the minimum radius of horizontal curve as below:
R = V2/(127*(e+f)
Where,
R = Radius in m,
V = Design Speed in kmph,
e = superelevation in m per m,
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f = frictional coefficient taken as 0.15.

Since the road lies in steep mountainous area, minimum radius of horizontal curves adopted is 12.5
m as referred to the prevailing design practice of hill roads in Nepal.
3.3.3 Extra widening
The extra widening of road should be provided for safe and comfortable turning of vehicles at curves.
Widening includes mechanical and psychological widening. The widening can be calculated using the
following empirical formula
We
= (nL2/ 2R) + V/(9.5R)
Where, We= extra widening

N= number of traffic lanes
L= length of wheel base (6.1 m)
V= design speed (40 km/h)
R= radius of curve
The empirical formula has been modified into tabular form using adopted values for varying radius
with reference to the design trend for the sake of design simplicity, which is presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Widening of curve
Radius of inner edge of carriage
way(m)
From
Widening on curves in m.
No. of lanes
To
Soft verges
Hard verges
>1.5m
<1.5m
12.5
2.0
2.0
12.6
20
1.5
1.5
21
40
1.2
1.2
41
60
0.8
0.8
61
80
0.5
0.5
81
100
0.3
0.3
101
1000
0.0
0.0
Full width of the adopted extra widening of the road has been applied for the whole part of the
corresponding horizontal curve. The transition has been provided at the rate of 0.1m per m along
the straight portions as there is no provision made for transition curve.
3.4 Super Elevation

Super Elevation is required at places where the alignment passes through horizontal curves in order
to counteract the centrifugal force that will be produced while vehicle encounters those curves. The
pavement is raised at a particular rate of super elevation depending upon the radius of curve and the
design speed. Super elevation can be calculated by using the following empirical formula:
e = V2/(127*R)-f
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Where,
e = superelevation in m per m,
V = Design Speed in kmph,
R = Radius in m,
f = frictional coefficient taken as 0.15.
This empirical formula has been modified in tabular form for compatibility in design as presented in
Table 3-2.
Table 3-2 Super Elevation
Radius (m)
From
To
0.0
20.0
20.0
35.0
35.0
55.0
55.0
80.0
80.0
1000.0
SE (%)
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
The maximum super elevation of 7% has been adopted while

the minimum value should be equal to the road camber of 3% as per design trend.
3.5 Vertical alignment

The average road grade along the vertical alignment has been kept under ruling ie. 8%-9% while for
maximum road grades which is 12%, relax grade of 7% - 8% has been provided as per standard.
3.5.1 Vertical curve
When the gradient changes abruptly, the vertical curves have been introduced in order to provide
smooth movement of the vehicle. All the vertical curves are parabolic in nature and they have been
avoided in the areas of horizontal curves as far as possible while at unavoidable cases, the grade
compensation has been made.
The design of vertical curves is done considering the sight distance available. The criterion to be
adopted is that the minimum sight distance shall be equal to the stopping sight distance laid down.
Vertical curve may be either summit curve or valley curve and the length of the curve can be
calculated as below:
3.5.2 Summit Curve
The length of summit curve which depends upon stopping sight distance can be calculated as below:
1. When L > S, L = AS2 / 4.4
2. When L < S, L = 2S - 4.4/ A
3.5.3 Valley Curve
The length of summit curve should be such that for night travel, the headlight beam distance is equal
to the stopping sight distance. Based on this criterion, the length of curve can be calculated as below:
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1. When L > S, L = AS2 / (1.5+0.035S)

2. When L < S, L = 2S - (1.5+0.035S)/ A
Where, L = Length of vertical curves in m
S = Stopping Sight distance in m
A = deviation angle ie. algebraic difference between approaching road grades
Ht. of eye = 1.0 meter
Ht. of lowest object visible = 0.10 meter
Headlight height = 0.75m
3.6 Stopping Sight distance

The stopping sight distance is the clear distance needed by a driver to bring his vehicle to stop before
collision. This is calculated as the sum of braking distance required by the vehicle during perception
and brake reaction time.
Minimum stopping sight distances shall be as presented in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3 Sight distance
Design speed kmph
Minimum stopping sight distance meter

200
145
110
85
65
45
30
20
120
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
3.7 Hair-Pin Bends

Hair-pin bends have been provided at various places to keep the road grade under ruling and to keep
the alignment in track. It consists of either circular curves with transition curves at each end or
compound circular curves. The latter case has been considered in this design.
Following design criteria has been adopted in the design of Hair-pin bend:
a) Minimum design speed: 20kmph
b) Minimum road width: 6.5m
c) Minimum radius for inner curve: 12.5m
d) Gradient: 7% - 8%
e) Superelevation: 7%
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The inner and the outer edges of the roadway should be concentric with respect to the
centreline of the road.
A minimum intervening length of 60m has been provided as far as possible between two
successive bends to enable the driver for smooth vehicle manoeuvre.
3.8 Drainage
The drainage system has been designed in order to drain out the surface run off along the pavement
to the nearest natural water course. Following empirical formulae have been applied in the design of
Side drains and Cross drainage structures:
Rational method of Rainfall-Runoff:
Q=0.28*C*I*A
Where, Q= discharge in cumecs.
C= run-off coefficient.
I= Rainfall intensity in mm/hr.
A= Catchment area in sq. km.
Mannings formula: Q= A*(1/n)*R^(2/3)*S^(1/2)
Where, Q= discharge in cumecs.
A= Cross-sectional area of flow in sqm.
n= roughness coefficient.
R= Hydraulic Radius in m.
S= Bed slope.
The nature of hydrology is almost similar in majority of the sections of the road alignment The side
drains, the size and shape of which has been fixed from design using above formulae are kept along
the route. The flow coming from side drains has been designed to discharge properly to the near-by
natural water course or into the meeting cross-drainage structures using drop structures of standard
design at suitable places.
With regard to cross drainage structures, pipe culvert using NP3 0.6m dia hume pipe has been
considered in most of the cases to control the surface drainage due to existing waterways. This
minimum size has been selected in view of easy handling and transportation, maintenance ease during
choking and economy as well.
3.9 Pavement Design

Gravel road has been considered as the pavement surface of the access road. Hence, the design of
pavement includes determination of the thickness of gravel sub base. CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
method has been adopted for design in which the pavement thickness is governed by the number of
commercial vehicles per day and the CBR value of the natural sub-grade, assumed to be 400 and 15%
respectively. The graph below illustrates the determination of pavement thickness using CBR
method.
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3.10 Retaining structures

Retaining structures also referred as retaining walls have been designed in order to protect the road
components above them from possible damage because of the applied thrust. The size and type of
retaining walls depend upon the nature of ground and the materials to be used. The walls should be
strong enough to withstand the lateral earth pressure. Following formula has been widely applied in
the design of retaining walls:
Rankines formula:
P=w/2*(h2)*(1-sinF)/ (1+sinF) where, P=lateral earth pressure per meter of wall.
w=unit weight of soil.
h=height of wall
F=angle of repose of soil.
The height of retaining wall in the valley side is governed by the level difference between the
pavement edge and the natural ground below it. The wall height has been provided in such a way to
maintain as far as possible the horizontal and vertical exposure of 1m and 0.5m respectively. The
base width of retaining wall should be kept about 0.6 times the height. Other wall details has been
provided as such to withstand the lateral earth pressure imposed below the road. during design,
mostly gabion retaining walls and dry stone walls in some cases have been used the details of which
are provided in drawings attached in separate access road design report.
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3.11 Cut/ Fill batter Slope

Cut/fill slope designs are normally based on geo-technical parameters, such as soil and rock
properties, terrain slope, water tables and height of cut slope. However, for simplicity, the following
roadside slopes as indicated in the design manual have been used in this design:
Cut slope for hard rock 1H : 6V
Cut slope for soft rock 1H : 4.5V
Cut slope for Boulder and Gravel Mixed Soil 1H : 3V
Cut slope for soft soil 1H : 2V
Normal embankment slope in filling 1.5H : 1V
Maximum embankment slope in filling 1 : 1 with plantation
3.12 Lateral clearance

For culverts, the full roadway width shall be carried through including the width of the shoulders.
For minor and medium bridges, minimum width between kerbs shall be one meter greater than the
approaching pavement width.
3.13 Vertical clearance

Minimum vertical clearance for through structures shall be 4.75 meters. Overhead wires, poles etc.
shall be at least 7.0 meters above the road surface.
3.14 Right of way

For rural road, the minimum right of way and distance between building lines will be 20 m (10 m on
either side of the road center line).
3.15 Sign posts and Safety devices

The standard design for kilometer stones and traffic signs issued separately by the Department of
Roads has been followed which is necessary for providing useful information to the road users and
ensuring safe and smooth flow of the vehicles in the road.
Similarly, Safety devices are devices that are required at various places on the road to provide safety
and reduce accidents while driving. Delineators, Guard blocks using gabion baskets or concrete
barriers, barbed wire fences etc. are commonly used safety devices that should be provided at the
places of high risk of accidents.
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4. MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Mitigation measures are recommended to reduce, avoid or offset potential adverse environmental
consequences during and after implementation of the projects. The objective of mitigation measures
is to maximize project benefits and minimize undesirable impacts. The following prescribed mitigation
measures will be useful to mitigate the adverse impacts due to the implementation of the proposed
projects.
Check dams and retaining wall to control the soil erosion,
Bioengineering methods in landslide prone areas,
Blasting activities not to be allowed in fragile areas,
Cutting of trees in landslide prone areas to be avoided,
Cultivation and grazing in the sloping area and illegal cutting of trees to be strictly
prohibited,
Haphazard disposal of construction materials to be controlled, the construction materials

to be piled up in barren land as far as possible to protect the ground vegetation,
Major portion of excavated muck to be utilized in cut and fill operation and the remaining
muck to be used for backfilling of quarry and burrow pits and for land reclamation,
The excavated muck to be levelled and surface runoff by monsoon rain to be properly
drained out ,
Excavated muck not to be placed at steep sloping areas,
The forest clearance to be minimized by cutting trees of formation width only as far as
possible,
As a compensatory measures, plantation to be done around the road alignment
Nursery to be established as one of the compensatory measures,
Awareness campaign on forest conservation and management to be conducted to

improve the forest condition of the road and surrounding environment.
4.1 Recommended species for bioengineering in the road sections

GRASSES
Phurke (Arynduella nepalensis)
Khar (Cymbopogon microtheca)
Napier (Pennisetum paniceum)
Amliso (Thysanolaena maxima)
SHRUBS
Chutro (Berberis aristata)
Ainselu (Rubus elipticus)
Areli (Acacia pennata)
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TREES
Chilaune (Schima wallichi)
Jamun (Syzygium cumini)
Kutmiro (Litsea monopetala)
Rato siris (Albizia julibrissin)
The plants that should never be used for bioengineering are listed below
Banmara (Eupatorium adenophorum)
Tite Pate (Artemisia vulgaris)
Patula salla (Pinus patula)
Sagawan/teak (Tectona grandis)
4.2 Conclusions and recommendations

Every road project can have several impacts upon the economical, biological, physical and social
environment. Road construction especially in hills has become serious problem from bio-engineering
point of view. Therefore, special attention should be given for slope stability, soil erosion and
siltation problems.
The following recommendations are proposed to minimize the adverse environmental impacts in the
vicinity of the road.
i.
Effective maintenance program to minimize clay run-off from road surface.
ii.
Establishment of nurseries along the road side.
iii.
Periodical reforestation on and off roadside for soil conservation.
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5. ACCESS ROAD COST

The quantity surveying work like the volume calculation of earthwork, retaining structures, side
drains, cross drainage structures and pavement materials has been done as per the design of the
access road based on Nepal Road Standard. The unit rates of different items of work have been
obtained from the rate analysis based on the norms of Road department of Nepal. The total project
cost of the access road has been computed from the quantity and rate analysis works and found to
be about NRs. 131,923,314.67 excluding VAT and Contingencies with per KM average cost of about
NRs. 9,772,097.38. The details of quantity and cost calculation of the access road have been provided
in access road design report separately. Though, this figure may subject to change since the actual
cost of construction may vary depending upon the modifications made in design as per site condition
during construction. Hence, the actual cost of road can be obtained only after measuring the quantity
of the completed construction works.
16
Hydro Consult

6. MARSYANGDI BRIDGE
In order to link the project area with the existing road head, the access road has to cross Marsyangdi
river. Hence, a bridge has been proposed to fulfill the accessibility requirement of the project having
its location at about 1.1KM upstream of the Marsyangdi-Nyadi confluence. The proposed bridge not
only provides access to the project area but also connects several villages like Thulobeshi and Naiche
of Bahundanda VDC to the existing motorable road. Hence, this bridge should be given utmost
importance and be made an integral part of access road for overall development of the surrounding
area of the project.
The bridge has been designed as bailey bridge with its length of about 52.0m. The estimated cost of
the bridge as obtained from design comes out to be NRs. 25,517,784.00. The details of technical
aspects regarding the bridge design have been provided in the bridge design report separately.
17
Hydro Consult

7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

From all those included in this report, it can be concluded that the selected alignment for the access
road is the most suitable and cost effective one from the viewpoint of topographic stability,
engineering and geological features of the project area, the road design parameters provided and the
overall economy. The environmental protection measures are considered to be satisfactory in terms
of its effectiveness.
As far as design is concerned, the effort has been made in route selection to follow the existing trails
as much as possible. This result in the reduction of the project cost and allows the users to take
maximum benefit from the road.
With regard to cross drainage structures, they have been proposed entirely to protect the road
from water related problems like surface run off as well as ground water movement. Besides, the
selected road alignment does not possess major hydrological problems because of the provision of
well designed drainage system.
In general, the proposed access road and the bridge is not only important in facilitating the
construction works of the project but also in bringing social, cultural, economical transformation by
providing access to the nearest market area and consequently increasing the professional activity of
the local people under the catchment area. No such problem that may be imposed by this road
seems to be significant as compared to its usefulness.
With due considerations to all the things mentioned above, It is strongly recommended to effectively
implement the design during construction so that the road can successfully meet the objective for
which it is made and serve with its full capacity to its users for a long period of time.
It is worthy to mention here that during construction, the design may be altered depending upon
actual site condition. However, the variations in design and hence the quantity and cost should be
submitted for the approval of Site Engineer for effective quality control.
18
Hydro Consult

8. REFERENCES
IRC
Various books of IRC publications with revisions.
DHM:
Climatologic records of Nepal.
Lamjung District
District Rate
DoLIDar, 1998
Technical Specifications for Agricultural and Rural Roads. Ministry of Local

Development, Transport Division. 1999
DoLIDar, 1998
Work Norms for Agricultural and Rural Roads. Ministry of Local Development,
Transport Division. 1999
DoLIDar, 1999
The Approach for the Development of Rural and Agricultural Roads. Ministry of
Local Development, Transport Division. 1998
DOR
A Hand Book of Roadside Bio- Engineering
DOR
A Reference Manual of Roadside Bio-Engineering
DOR
Nepal Road Standard (NRS) - 2045 Government of Nepal (GoN), Ministry of

Works and Transport, Department of Road (DOR)
GON1:50000 & 1: 25000

Topographical Maps. Government of Nepal (GON), Department of
Survey
GON
Standard design;
Design Section Government of Nepal (GON), Ministry of
Works and Transport, Department of Road (DOR)
ICIMOD
Mountain Risk Engineering. International Centre for Integrated Mountain

Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Khanna, S. K & Justo,
C. E. G. Highway Engineering. Seventeenth Edition, 1991. Nem Chand &

Bros., Civil Lines, Roorkee 1971
NRA District Profile

Vazirani
Highway Engineering.
19
Hydro Consult

APPENDIX H
PHOTOGRAPHS

FEASIBILITY STUDY
October, 2010
Hydro Consult

LIST OF PHTOGRAPHSPAGE NO.

PHOTO H. 1 PROPOSED NHP WEIR AXIS AND INTAKE SITES..................................................................................................1
PHOTO H. 2 PROPOSED NYADI HEADWORK SITES .....................................................................................................................1
PHOTO H.3 UPSTREAM OF HEADWORKS SITES .............................................................................................................................2
PHOTO H. 4 GAUGING STATION AND INTAKE SITES.................................................................................................................2
PHOTO H.5 PROPOSED NAIJE PORTAL AREA ..................................................................................................................................3
PHOTO H. 6 HILL THROUGH WHICH TUNNEL PASSES ..............................................................................................................3
PHOTO H. 7 HILL THROUGH WHICH TUNNEL PASSES ..............................................................................................................4
PHOTO H. 8 TUNNEL PORTAL AND SURGE ADIT AREA ............................................................................................................4
PHOTO H. 9 PENSTOCK ALIGNMENT AREA ....................................................................................................................................5
PHOTO H.10 STEEP SECTION OF PENSTOCK AREA (SURFACE OPTION) ...........................................................................5
PHOTO H. 11 SURFACE POWERHOUSE AREA .................................................................................................................................6
PHOTO H. 12 SURFACE POWER AREA DOWNSTREAM OPTION ..........................................................................................6
PHOTO H. 13 SURFACE POWER AREA DOWNSTREAM OPTION ..........................................................................................7
PHOTO H. 14: SURFACE POWERHOUSE AREA UPSTREAM OPTION ....................................................................................7
PHOTO H. 15 UNDERGROUND POWERHOUSE LOCATION....................................................................................................8
PHOTO H. 16 SWITCYARD LOCATION .............................................................................................................................................8
H-i
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H. 1 PROPOSED NHP WEIR AXIS AND INTAKE SITES
PHOTO H. 2 PROPOSED NYADI HEADWORK SITES
H-1
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H.3 UPSTREAM OF HEADWORKS SITES
PHOTO H. 4 GAUGING STATION AND INTAKE SITES
H-2
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H.5 PROPOSED NAIJE PORTAL AREA
PHOTO H. 6 HILL THROUGH WHICH TUNNEL PASSES
H-3
Hydro Consult

Nana
Tunnel level
PHOTO H. 7 HILL THROUGH WHICH TUNNEL PASSES
PHOTO H. 8 TUNNEL PORTAL AND SURGE ADIT AREA
H-4
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H. 9 PENSTOCK ALIGNMENT AREA
PHOTO H.10 STEEP SECTION OF PENSTOCK AREA (SURFACE OPTION)
H-5
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H. 11 SURFACE POWERHOUSE AREA
PHOTO H. 12 SURFACE POWER AREA DOWNSTREAM OPTION
H-6
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H. 13 SURFACE POWER AREA DOWNSTREAM OPTION
PHOTO H. 14: SURFACE POWERHOUSE AREA UPSTREAM OPTION
H-7
Hydro Consult

PHOTO H. 15 UNDERGROUND POWERHOUSE LOCATION
PHOTO H. 16 SWITCYARD LOCATION
H-8

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Voulume III - Technical Annex

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Nyadi Hydropower Project

Nyadi Hydropower Limited (NHL)

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Saroj Lal Shrestha

Bharat Raj Pandey

Nyadi Hydropower Limited (NHL)

MAP AND DRAWINGS

Nyadi Hydropower Project

NYADI HYDROPOWER PROJECT

Nyadi Hydropower Limited

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Calculation of U/S and D/S cutoffs, and Uplift Pressures

U/S bed level

U/S water level elevation (HGLu)

Scour Depth measured from HFL

Depth of U/S cutoff below the U/S HFL

Level of bottom of U/S cutoff

D/S water Elevation

U/S floor elevation

Result from HECRAS Analysis 1378.07 WSE at RS 18 (Chainage 0+160)

U/S Cutoff Elevation

Check for exit gradient

Permissible exit gradient

For Added Safety

Normal flow condition

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Design turbine discharge (Q power) =

Gravel Flushing Discharge (Q SF) =

Sediment Flushing discharge (Q b) =

Set Velocity (V) =

Discharge coffiecient (c) =

0.60 for roughly finished masonary

Accleration due to gravity (g)=

Gravel Flushing Discharge (Q SF) =

Total discharge (Qdesign) =

Net area of orifice required

Net vertical height of orifice required (H)=

Net area provided

2.2 During Flood Flow Condition

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Flushing discharge (Qflush)

Total discharge in basin (Qbasin) =

Discharge in one basin (Q1 basin) =

Fall velocity (w)

For 0.2 mm particle and 150C temperature

Nyadi Hydropower Project

Calculate basin width based on Vetter's method:

25.00 m (transition from 3 m wide canal to 16

m wide settling basin)

Sediment storage in two chambers:

Checking for flushing of deposition in settling basin

size, based size, based

Total volume of sediment/No. of chambers

the gate is opened fully)

Project Life Period=

Tunnel Intake Level=

Tail Race Water Level=

=1.1 times Design discharge

Section Type of Head Race tunnel =>

X-section area of Head Race Tunnel (f) =

Wetterd Perimeter of Tunnel (Pt)=

Hydraulic Radius of Tunnel (Rt)=

Area of Surge Tank(F)=