The following information is about nitric acid and methanoic acid.

(Berikut adalah maklumat mengenai asid nitrik dan asid metanoik.)

the pH of 1 mol dm-3 nitric acid is 1

(pH asid nitrik 1 mol dm-3 ialah 1)
the pH of 1 mol dm-3 methanoic acid is 4
(pH asid metanoik 1 mol dm-3 ialah 4)

Explain why these two solutions have different pH values.

(Terangkan mengapa dua larutan ini mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.)
[4 marks]
CHAPTER :ACID AND BASE (ESSEI)
TRIAL KEDAH 2007
TRIAL PERLIS 2007
(a)

Table 5 shows the pH values of two alkalis solution.

Alkali

Concentration/mol dm-3

pH Value

Ammonia solution

0.1

11

Sodium hydroxide solution

0.1

13

Explain why these two solutions have different pH values.

[4 marks]

TRIAL SBP 2007

7

Type of acid
Ethanoic acid
Nitric acid

Concentration
0.1 mol dm-3
0.1 mol dm-3

pH value
3.0
1.0

of these two acids are different.

(a)
Explain why the pH values
[4 marks]

(b) The two solutions are tested with a dry red litmus paper and the results are
tabulated below:
Solution
Ammonia in chloroform
Ammonia in water

Observation
No change in colour
Red litmus paper turns blue

Explain why only the aqueous ammonia solution turns red litmus paper
blue.
[5
marks]

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2008

(a) Using suitable examples, explain what is meant by

Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apakah yang dimaksudkan

(i)
(ii)

diprotic acid / Asid dwibes

strong acid / asid kuat

(b) Explain why sodium hydroxide solution and aqueous ammonia of the same
concentration have different
pH value.
Terangkan mengapa larutan natrim hidroksida dan larutan ammonia yang
mempunyai kepekatan yang
sama tetapi berbeza nilai pH.

[ 4 marks ]

[ 6 marks ]

TRIAL PERLIS 2008

(a) The following information is about two solution of ethanoic acid.
Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan asid etanoik.

Solution A
Larutan A
Solution B
Larutan B
propanon

:Ethanoic acid dissolve in water.

: Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam air
:

Ethanoic acid dissolve in propanone

Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam

Explain why dry blue litmus paper turns red in solution A and remain blue in solution B.
Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus biru bertukar merah dalam larutan A dan kekal biru
dalam larutan B.
[4 marks]

PROBLEM SOLVING OF NEUTRALISATION /SALT

TRIAL PERLIS 2007

1. Solid copper (II) oxide is added little by little to 25 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
to form copper (II)
sulphate until it excess. The mixture solution is stirred. The solution is filtered. After
that the filtrate is
heated until it saturate. Finally it is cooled at room temperature. Copper (II) sulphate
crystals is formed.
[Relative atomic mass, Cu=64, S=32, O=16]
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction

(ii)

Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate

TRIAL PERLIS 2008

[4 marks]
(b) In a titration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is required to neutralize 25.00
cm3 of sodium
hydroxide.
Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm3 asid sulfuric 0.1 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk
menuetralkan 25 cm3 larutan
natrium hidroksida.
(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
(ii)Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.
Hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam
eksperimen ini.
[6 marks]

TRIAL JOHOR 2007

2(a)
50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid reacts with excess
marble chips.
50.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 bertindak balas dengan
ketulan batu kapur secara berlebihan.
i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.

ii)

Calculate the maximum mass of calcium chloride salt formed

Hitung jisim maksimum garam kalsium klorida yang terbentuk.
marks]

[4

(b) You are given lead (II) nitrate solution and aluminium nitrate solution.
Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the cations and anion in each
solutions.
[6 marks]
(c) Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and anion in
magnesium nitrate.

Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan anion
dalam
magnesium nitrat.
[10 marks]

STRUCTURE QUESTION: TRIAL KEDAH 2008

1
.

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for the neutralisation reaction between a
strong acid and a strong alkali.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas peneutralan antara
satu asid kuat dan satu alkali kuat.

Hydrochloric acid, 0.1 mol dm-3

Asid hidroklorik, 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3 sodium hydroxide

solution + phenolphthalein
25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida +
fenolftalein
DIAGRAM 1
25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a conical flask. A few
drops of phenolphthalein are added into the solution. The solution in the conical
flask is titrated with 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid .
25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon.
Beberapa titik fenolftalein ditambah ke dalam larutan itu. Larutan dalam

kelalang kon dititratkan dengan 0.1 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik.

(a)

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by a strong acid?

Asid hidroklorik adalah asid kuat. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan asid
kuat?

..
[2 marks]

(b
)

Suggest an apparatus that can be used to measure 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution
accurately.
Cadangkan satu radas yang dapat digunakan untuk menyukat 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida dengan tepat.

[1 mark]

(c)

State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir.

..
[1 mark]

(d
)

(i)

Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.

.
[1 mark]
(ii)

In this experiment, 20.0 cm3 hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of
sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Dalam eksperimen ini, 20.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.0
cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida itu.

[2 marks]
(e)

(i)

The experiment is repeated with 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric
acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 sodium
hydroxide solution.
Eksperimen itu diulang dengan menggunakan 0.1 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik bagi
menggantikan asid hidroklorik. Ramalkan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk
meneutralkan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.


.
[1 mark]
(ii)

Explain your answer in (e) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (e)(i).

..
[2 marks]

TRIAL SELANGOR 2008

Table 3 shows the pH values of hydrochloric acid with different concentration.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dengan kepekatan yang
berlainan
Concentration (mol dm3 )
Kepekatan ( mol dm3 )
0.1
0.01
0.001

pH value
Nilai pH
1
2
3
Table 3
[Jadual 3]

(a)

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by strong acid?

Asid hidroklorik adalah asid kuat. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan asid kuat?
......
[1 mark]

(b)

Predict the concentration of hydrochloric acid which has a pH value of 4.

Ramalkan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dengan nilai pH 4.

.....
[1 mark]

(c)

Calculate the volume of 0.01 moldm3 hydrochloric acid that is required to

prepare 1000 cm3 of hydrochloric acid with a pH value of 3.
Hitungkan isipadu asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3 yang diperlukan untuk
menyediakan 1000 cm3 asid hidroklorik dengan pH 3.

[2 marks]
(d)

The pH value of 0.1 mol dm of ethanoic acid is 4 while the pH value of 0.1
mol dm 3 of hydrochloric acid is 1. Explain why.
Nilai pH bagi 0.1 mol dm -3 asid etanoik ialah 4 manakala nilai pH bagi 0.1
mol dm -3 asid hidroklorik ialah 1. Terangkan mengapa.
............................................................................................................................
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...
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[2 marks]

(e)

When excess 0.2 mol dm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution is added to 100 cm3 of 0.1
mol dm3 hydrochloric acid, lead(II) chloride is precipitated.
Apabila 0.2 mol dm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat yang berlebihan di campurkan
kepada 100 cm3 0.1 mol dm3 asid hidroklorik, plumbum (II) klorida
dimendakan.
(i)

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that has taken place.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

.....
[1 mark]
(ii)

Calculate the mass of lead (II) chloride that is precipitated.

Hitungkan jisim plumbum (II) klorida yang termendak.

[3 marks]