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The term Microwave usually refers to that part of the EM spectrum which
is covered by wavelength range 1m to 1 cm or in frequency scale 300 MHz to
30 GHz.
Above this frequency the wavelength becomes of the order of mm and is
called Millimetre Wave (30 GHz to 300 GHz).
The term Micro in the Microwave stands for Extremely small in scale
and it includes both the microwave and millimetre wave spectrum i.e., UHF,
SHF and EHF bands.
Frequency Band
Designations
Typical Applications
3 kHz 30 kHz
3 MHz 30 MHz
Frequency Band
Designations
3 GHz 30 GHz
Typical Applications
Satellite communication,
Surveillance RADAR, Mobile
communication, Television and
navigational aids.
RADAR
Frequency
Band
Designations
Typical Applications
100 THz 400 Near Infra-Red (NIR) Fibre optic telecommunication, Night
THz
vision, Long distance telecommunication
400 THz 750 Visible Light
THz
750 THz 1
PHz
Optical communication
Frequency
Band
Designations
Typical Applications
> 30 EHz
L
S
C
X
Ku
K
Ka
Q
U
V
E
W
F
D
G
H
12
24
48
8 12
12 18
18 26.5
26.5 40
33 50
40 60
50 75
60 90
75 110
90 140
110 170
140 220
170 260
US Navy
L
S
0.390 1.55
1.55 3.90
C
X
Ku
3.90 6.20
6.20 10.90
15.25 17.25
10.90 36.00
Ka
Q
V
W
33.00 36.00
36.00 46.00
46.00 56.00
56.00 100.00
ITU
1.215 1.400
2.300 2.500
2.700 3.700
5.250 5.925
8.500 10.680
13.40 14.00
15.70 17.70
24.05 24.25
24.65 24.75
33.40 36.00
59.00 64.00
76.00 81.00
92.00 100.00
Challenges in measurement
At microwave frequencies measurements of voltages and currents are
not possible with a multimeter or any other low frequency circuits.
At microwave frequencies the impedance of the parasitic of the
measurement cables and connectors become large enough and frequently
cross the component values. Thus special cable and connectors are
required.