GAT E - 2013

EC : EL ECT RON I CS AN D COM M U N I CAT I ON

EN GI N E ERI N G
D u r at i on : T h r ee H ou r s

M ax i m u m M ar k s : 100

Read t h e f ol l ow i n g i n st r u ct i on s car ef u l l y.
1. All quest ions in t his paper ar e of object ive t ype.
2. Ther e ar e a t ot al of 65 quest ions car r ying 100 mar ks.
3. Quest ions 1 t hr ough 25 ar e 1-mar k quest ions, quest ion 26 t hr ough 55 ar e 2-mar k quest ions.
4. Quest ions 48 and 51 (2 pair s) common dat a quest ions and quest ion pair s (Q. 52 and Q.53) and (Q. 54 and
Q.55) ar e linked answer quest ions. The answer t o t he second quest ion of t he above pair depends on t he
answer t o t he fir st quest ion of t he pair. I f t he fir st quest ion in t he linked pair is wr ongly answer ed or is unat t empt ed, t hen t he answer t o t he second quest ion in t he pair will not be evaluat ed.
5. Quest ions 56 - 65 belong t o gener al apt it ude (GA). Quest ions 56 - 60 will car r y 1-mar k each, and quest ions
61-65 will car r y 2-mar ks each. The GA quest ions will begin on a fr esh page.
6. Un-at t empt ed quest ions will car r y zer o mar ks.
7. Wrong answer s will carr y NEGATI VE mar ks. For Q.1 to Q.25 and Q.56 - Q.60, 1/3 mark will be deducted for
each wr ong answer. For Q. 26 t o Q. 51, and Q.61 - Q.65, 2/3 mar k will be deduct ed for each wr ong answer.
The quest ion pairs (Q. 52, Q. 53) and (Q. 54, Q. 55) ar e quest ions wit h linked answer s. Ther e will be negat ive
mar ks only for wr ong answer t o t he fir st quest ion of t he linked answer quest ion pair i.e. for Q. 52 and Q.54,
2/3 mar k will be deduct ed for each wr ong answer. Ther e is no negat ive mar king for Q. 53 and Q.55..

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

Q.1 t o Q.25 car r y on e m ar k each .

1. A bulb in a st aircase has two swit ches, one switch bei ng
at the ground floor and t he other one at the fi rst floor. The
bulb can be turned ON and also can be turned OFF by
any one of the swi tches irrespecti ve of the st ate of t he
ot her swit ch. The logic of switching of the bulb resembl es
(a) an AND gat e
(b) an OR gat e
(c) an XOR gat e
(d) a NAND gat e

2. Consi der a vect or fi el d A (r ) . The cl osed l oop l i ne

i nt egral

t (t 1)
u (t 1)
2

(c)

(t 1)2
u (t 1)
2

(d)

t2 1
u (t 1)
2

9. The Bode pl ot of a t ransfer funct i on G(s) i s shown i n

t he fi gure bel ow.

( A)dv

t he l oop
(d)

(b)

can be expressed as

( A)dv over t he cl osed vol ume bounded by

t he l oop
(c)

t2
u (t )
2

( A) ds over t he cl osed surface bounded by

t he l oop
(b)

(a)

over t he open vol ume bounded by

( A) ds

40
32

Gain (dB)

(a)

A dl

8. The i mpul se response of a syst em i s h(t) = tu(t). For an

i nput u(t 1), t he out put i s

20

over t he open surface bounded by

t he l oop

3. Two syst ems wi t h i mpul se responses h 1(t) and h 2 (t)

are connect ed i n cascade. Then t he overal l i mpul se
response of t he cascaded syst em i s gi ven by
(a) product of h 1(t) and h 2(t)
(b) sum of h 1(t) and h 2(t)
(c) convol ut i on of h 1(t) and h 2(t)
(d) subt ract i on of h 2(t) from h 1(t)
4. I n a forward bi ased pn junct i on di ode, t he sequence of
event s t hat best descri bes t he mechani sm of current
fl ow i s
(a) i n j ect i on , an d su bsequ en t di f f u si on an d
recombi nat i on of mi nori t y carri ers
(b) i nject i on, and subsequent dri ft and generat i on of
mi nori t y carri ers
(c) ext ract ion, and subsequent di ffusion and generat ion
of mi nori t y carri ers
(d) extract i on, and subsequent drift and recombi nati on
of mi nori t y carri ers
5. I n I C t echnol ogy, dry oxi dat i on (usi ng dry oxygen) as
compared t o wet oxi dat i on (using st eam or wat er vapor)
produces
(a) superi or qual i t y oxi de wi t h a hi gher growt h rat e
(b) i nferi or qual i t y oxi de wi t h a hi gher growt h rat e
(c) i nferi or qual i t y oxi de wi t h a l ower growt h rat e
(d) superi or qual i t y oxi de wi t h a l ower growt h rat e
6. The maxi mum val ue of unti l which the approximat ion
si n 0 hol ds t o wi t hi n 10% error i s
(a) 10

(b) 18

(c) 50

(d) 90

The gai n (20 l og| G(s)| ) i s 32 dB and 8 dB at 1 rad/s

and 10 rad/s respect i vel y. The phase i s negat i ve for al l
. Then G (s) i s
(a)

39.8
s

(b)

(c)

32
s

(d)

39.8
s2
32
s2

10. I n the circuit shown below what is the output voltage (V out )
if a silicon transistor Q and an ideal op-amp are used?

+ 15 V
1 k

5V

_
Vout

+
_

15 V

(a) 15 V

(b) 0.7 V

(c) +0.7 V

(d) +15 V

11. Con si der a del t a con n ect i on of r esi st or s an d i t s

equi val ent st ar connect i on as shown bel ow. I f al l
el ement s of t he del t a connect i on are scal ed by a fact or
K , K > O, t he el ement s of t he cor r espondi ng st ar
equi val ent wi l l be scal ed by a fact or of
Ra
Rb

RC
Rc

y za z is
7. The divergence of the vector field A = xa x ya
1
3

(a) 0

(b)

(c) 1

(d) 3

100

10
(rad/s)

RA

(a) k 2

(b) k

(c) l /k

(d)

RB

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

12. For 8085 mi cr opr ocessor, t he fol l owi ng pr ogram i s

executed.
M VI A, 05H ;

18. Whi ch one of t he fol l owi ng st at ement s i s NOT TRUE

for a cont i nuous t i me causal and st abl e LTI syst em?
(a) Al l t he pol es of t he syst em must l i e on t he l eft si de
of t he j axi s.

M VI B, 05H ;
PTR: ADD B;

(b) Zeros of t he syst em can l ie anywhere i n t he s-pl ane.

DCR B;

(c) Al l t he pol es must l i e wi t hi n | s| = 1.

JNZ PTR;

(d) Al l t he root s of t he charact eri st i c equat i on must be

l ocat ed on t he l eft si de of t he j axi s.

ADI 03H ;
HLT;
At t he end of program, accumul at or cont ai ns
(a) 17H

(b) 20H

(c) 23H

(d) 05H

13. The bi t r at e of a di gi t al communi cat i on syst em i s

R kbits/s. The modulation used is 32-QAM. The minimum
bandwi dt h requi red for I SI free t ransmi ssi on i s
(a) R/ 10 H z

(b) R/ 10 kH z

(c) R/ 5 H z

(d) R/ 5 kH z

14. For a periodic si gnal v(t) = 30 si n 100t + 10 cos 300 t + 6

si n (500t + /4), t he fundament al frequency i n rad/s i s

19. The mi ni mum ei gen val ue of t he fol l owi ng mat ri x i s

3 5 2
5 12 7

2 7 5
(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 3

20. A pol ynomi al f(x) = a4x4 + a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x a0 wi t h al l

coeffi ci ent s posi t i ve has
(a) no real root s
(b) no negat i ve real root

(a) 100

(b) 300

(c) odd number of real root s

(c) 500

(d) 1500

(d) at l east one posi t i ve and one negat i ve real root

15. I n a vol t age-vol t age feedback as shown bel ow, whi ch

one of t he fol l owi ng st at ement s i s TRUE i f t he gai n k
i s i ncreased?
+
_ Vin

+
V1 _

Vf = Vout +
_

+
A0 _

21. Assumi ng zero i ni t i al condi t i on, t he response y(t) of

t he syst em gi ven bel ow t o a uni t st ep i nput u(t) i s
U(s)

(a) u(t)
k

+
_

(a) T h e i n pu t i m pedan ce i n cr eases an d ou t pu t

i mpedance decreases.
(b) T h e i n pu t i m pedan ce i n cr eases an d ou t pu t
i mpedance al so i ncreases.
(c) T h e i n pu t i m pedan ce decr eases an d ou t pu t
i mpedance al so decreases.

(a) 5 kH z
(b) 12 kH z
(c) 15 kH z
(d) 20 kH z
17. I n a M OSFET operat i ng i n t he sat urat i on regi on, t he
channel l engt h modul at i on effect causes
(a) an i ncrease i n t he gat e-source capaci t ance
(b) a decrease i n t he t ransconduct ance
(c) a decrease i n t he uni t y-gai n cut off frequency
(d) a decrease i n t he out put resi st ance

(b) tu(t)

(c)

t
u (t )
2

(d) e 1 u(t)

22. The t ransfer funct i on

is

V2 (s)
of t he circui t shown below
V1 (s)

100 F

(d) T h e i n pu t i m pedan ce decr eases an d ou t pu t

i mpedance i ncreases.
16. A band-l i mi t ed si gnal wi t h a maxi mum frequency of
5kH z i s t o be sampl ed. Accor di ng t o t he sampl i ng
t heorem, t he sampl i ng frequency whi ch i s not val i d i s

Y(s)

1
s

Vout

+
10 k

V1(s)

V2 (s)
100 F

0.5 s 1
s 1
s 2
(c)
s 1
(a)

3s 6
s 2
s 1
(d)
s 2
(b)

23. A source vs(t) = V cos 100t has an i nt ernal i mpedance

of (4 + j 3) . I f a purel y resi st i ve l oad connect ed t o t hi s
source has t o ext ract t he maxi mum power out of t he
source, i t s val ue i n shoul d be
(a) 3

(b) 4

(c) 5

(d) 7

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

24. The ret urn l oss of a devi ce i s found t o be 20 dB. The

vol t age st andi ng wave rat i o (VSWR) and magni t ude
of refl ect i on coeffi ci ent are respect i vel y
(a) 1.22 and 0.1
(b) 0.81 and 0.1
(c) 1.22 and 0.1
(d) 2.44 and 0.2

30. I n t he ci rcui t shown bel ow, t he knee current of t he i deal

Zener di ode i s 10 mA. To mai nt ai n 5 V across RL , t he
mi ni mum val ue of RL i n and t he mi ni mum power
rat i ng of t he Zener di ode i n mW, respect i vel y, are
100

t 2

25. L et g(t) = e
, and h(t) i s a fi l t er mat ched t o g(t). I f
g(t ) i s appl i ed as i n pu t t o h(t ), t hen t h e Four i er
t ransform of t he out put i s
f 2

f 2 / 2

(a) e

(b) e
(d) e

26. L et U and V be t wo i ndependent zero mean Gaussi an

1
1
random vari abl es of vari ances and
respect i vel y..
4
9
The probabi l i t y P(3V 2U) i s

4
(a)
9
2
(c)
3

1
(b)
2
5
(d)
9

27. Let A be an m n matrix and B an n m matrix. It is given

that determinant (I m + AB) = determi nant (I n + BA),
where I k is t he k k ident it y mat rix. Usi ng t he above
property, t he det ermi nant of t he matri x given bel ow i s

(c) 8

(d) 16

28. I n t he ci rcui t shown bel ow, i f t he source vol t age V s =

10053:13 V t hen t he Theveni n's equi val ent vol t age
i n Vol t s as seen by t he l oad resi st ance RL i s
j4

j6

_
VL1
j40I2

10VL1
I2

I1

(a) 10090
(c) 80090

RL=10

VS

(d) 250 and 250

31. T h e f ol l ow i ng ar r angem en t con si st s of an i deal

t ransformer and an at t enuat or whi ch at t enuat es by a
factor of 0.8. An ac vol t age V wx1 = 100V is appli ed across
WX t o get an open ci rcui t vol t age V yz1 across YZ. Next ,
an ac vol t age V yz2 = 100V i s appl i ed across YZ t o get an
open ci rcui t vol t age V wx2 across WX. Then, V yz1 / V wx1,
V wx2 / V yz2 are respect i vel y, W
1:1.25

(a) 125/100 and 80/100

(d) 80/100 and 80/100

(b) 5

(b) 125 and 250

(c) 250 and 125

(c) 100/100 and 100/100

(a) 2

(a) 125 and 125

(b) 100/100 and 80/100

1 1 1
2 1 1
1 2 1

1 1 2

(b) 8000
(d) 10060

29. The open-l oop t ransfer funct ion of a dc motor i s gi ven as

w( s)
10
V a (s) = 1 10 s . When connect ed in feedback as shown
bel ow, t he approximate val ue of K a that wil l reduce the
t ime constant of the closed l oop syst em by one hundred
t imes as compared t o t hat of t he open-loop system i s
R(s)

Va(s)
+_

RL

VZ = 5 V

2 f 2

(c) e | f|

2
1

ILoad

10 V

Ka

(a) 1

(b) 5

(c) 10

(d) 100

10
1+10s

32. Two magnet i cal l y uncoupl ed i nduct i ve coi l s have Q

fact ors q1 and q2 at t he chosen operat i ng frequency.
Thei r r espect i ve r esi st ances ar e R 1 and R 2. When
connect ed i n seri es, t hei r effect i ve Q fact or at t he same
operat i ng frequency i s
(a) q1 + q2
(b) (1/q1)+(1/q2)
(c) (q1R1 + q2 R2) / (R1 + R2) (d) (q1 R2+ q2 R1) / (R1 + R2)
33. The i mpul se response of a cont i nuous t i me syst em i s
gi ven by h(t) = (t 1) + (t 3). The val ue of t he st ep
response at t = 2 i s
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
34. The smal l -si gnal resi st ance (i .e., dV B /dI D ) i n k offered
by t he n-channel MOSFET M shown i n the figure below,
at a bi as poi nt of V B = 2 V i s (devi ce dat a for M : devi ce
t ransconduct ance paramet er k n = Cox (W/L ) = 40 A/
V 2, t hreshol d vol t age V TN = 1 V, and negl ect body effect
and channel l engt h modul at i on effect s)
VB
ID

(s)

(a) 12.5

(b) 25

(c) 50

(d) 100

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

35. The ac schemat i c of an NM OS common-source st age i s

shown i n t he fi gure bel ow, where part of t he bi asi ng
ci r cu i t s h as been omi t t ed for si m pl i ci t y. For t h e
n -ch an n el M OSF E T M , t h e t r an scon du ct an ce
gm = 1 mA/V, and body eff ect and channel l engt h
modul at i on effect are t o be negl ect ed. The l ower cut off
frequency i n H z of t he ci rcui t i s approxi mat el y at

38. Con si der t w o i den t i cal l y di st r i bu t ed zer o-m ean

r an dom var i abl es U an d V. L et t h e cu m u l at i ve
di st ri but i on funct i ons of U and 2V be F(x) and G(x)
respect i vel y. Then, for al l val ues of x
(a) F(x) G(x) 0

(b) F(x) G(x) 0

(c) (F(x) G(x)) x 0

(d) (F(x) G(x)) x 0

39. T h e D F T of a v ect or

. Consi der t he product

C
1 F

RD
10k

V0
Vi
M
RL
10k

q r

2
(a)

(d)

(c) 50

(d) 200

40. The si gnal fl ow graph for a syst em i s gi ven bel ow. The
t ransfer funct i on

dy
5
6 y(t ) = x(t).
2
dt
dt

36. A syst em i s descr i bed by t he di fferent i al equat i on

d2 y

s i s a scal ed versi on

(c)
(b) 32

a b c d
d a b c

s = a b c d c d a b

b c d a

The DFT of t he vect or p q r

of

(b)

(a) 8

b c d i s t h e v ect or

Y(s)
for t hi s syst em i s
U (s)
1

L et x(t) be a rect angul ar pul se gi ven by

1 0 t 2
x(t) =
0 ot her wise
Assumi ng t hat y(0) = 0 and

U(s)

-1

dy
= 0 at t = 0, t he L apl ace
dt

e2 s
(a)
s(s 2)(s 3)

1 e2 s
(b)
s(s 2)(s 3)

(a)

e2s
(c)
(s 2)(s 3)

1 e2s
(d)
(s 2)(s 3)

(c)

s 1

(b)

5s 6 s 2
s1

(d)

s 4s 2

s 1
2

s 6s 2
1
2

5s 6 s 2

41. I n t he ci rcui t shown bel ow t he op-amps are i deal . Then

V out i n Vol t s i s
1 k

1 k
2V

+ 15 V

+ 15 V

_
+

1 k

(b) change t he i ni t i al condi t i on t o 2y(0) and t he forci ng

funct i on t o x(t)

15 V
15 V

+1V

1 k
1 k

(c) change t he i ni t i al condi t i on t o j 2 y(0) and t he

forci ng funct i on t o j 2 x(t )

V out

(a) change t he i ni t i al condi t i on t o y(0) and t he forci ng

funct i on t o 2x(t)

(d) change the i ni t ial condi ti on to 2y(0) and the forcing

funct i on t o 2x(t)

Y(s)

t ransform of y(t) i s

37. A syst em descri bed by a l i near, const ant coeffi ci ent ,

ordi nary, fi rst order di fferent i al equat i on has an exact
sol ut ion gi ven by y(t) for t > 0, when the forci ng funct ion
i s x(t) and t he i ni t i al condi t i on i s y(0) . I f one wi shes t o
modi fy t he syst em so t hat t he sol ut i on becomes 2y(t)
for t > 0, we need t o

-1

(a) 4

(b) 6

(c) 8

(d) 10

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

42. I n t he ci rcui t shown bel ow, Q1 has negl i gi bl e col l ect ort o-emi t t er sat ur at i on vol t age and t he di ode dr ops
negl i gi bl e vol t age acr oss i t under for war d bi as. I f
V cc i s +5 V, X and Y ar e di gi t al si gnal s wi t h 0 V as
l ogi c 0 and V cc as l ogi c 1, t hen t he Bool ean expr essi on
for Z i s

43. A vol t age 1000 si n t Vol t s i s appl i ed acr oss YZ.

Assumi ng i deal di odes, t he vol t age measured across
WX i n Vol t s, i s
(a) si nt

1k

(b) (si n t + | si n t| )/2

(d) 0 for al l t
R1

Z
+ 1k

44. Three capaci t ors C1, C2 and C3 whose val ues are 10F,
5F, and 2F respect i vel y, have breakdown vol t ages of
10V, 5V, and 2V respect i vel y. For t he i nt erconnect i on
shown bel ow, t he maxi mum safe vol t age i n Vol t s t hat
can be appl i ed acr oss t h e com bi n at i on , an d t h e
correspondi ng t ot al charge i n C st ored i n t he effect i ve
capaci t ance across t he t ermi nal s are respect i vel y,

R2
Q1

(c) (si n t | si n t| )/2

+V cc

Diode

(a) 2.8 and 36

(a) XY

(b) XY

(b) 7 and 119

(c) XY

(d) XY

(d) 7 and 80

C2

C3

(c) 2.8 and 32

C1

45. There are four chi ps each of 1024 byt es connect ed t o a 16 bi t address bus as shown i n t he fi gure bel ow. RAM s 1, 2, 3 and
4 respect i vel y are mapped t o addresses

RAM#4
1024B

RAM#3
1024B
E

RAM#2
1024B

A0-A9
E
A10
A11

RAM#1
1024B

A13

Input

A12

A14
A15

S1 S0

11
10
01
00

(a) 0C00H -0FFFH , 1C00H -1 FFFH , 2C00H -2FFFH , 3C00H -3FFFH

(b) 1800H -1FFFH , 2800H -2FFFH , 3800H -3FFFH ,4800H -4FFFH
(c) 0500H -08FFH , 1500H -18FFH , 3500H -38FFH , 5500H -58FFH
(d) 0800H -0BFFH , 1800H -1BFFH , 2800H -2BFFH , 3800H -3BFFH

8 bit data bus

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

46. I n t he ci rcui t shown bel ow, t he si l i con npn t ransi st or Q

has a very hi gh val ue of . The requi red val ue of R2 i n
k t o produce I C = 1 mA i s
VCC
3V
R1
60k

50. The current I s i n Amps i n t he vol tage source, and voltage

V s i n Vol t s across t he current source respect i vel y, are
(a) 13, 20
(b) 8, 10
(c) 8, 20
(d) 13, 20
51. The current i n t he 1 resi st or i n Amps i s
(a) 2
(b) 3.33
(c) 10
(d) 12

IC

R2

L I N K ED AN SWER QU EST I ON S
St at em en t f or L i n k ed An sw er Qu est i on s 52 an d 53 :
A monochromat i c pl ane wave of wavel engt h = 600m i s
propagat
i ng in t he di rect i on as shown i n t he fi gure bel ow.

RE
500

E i ,E r and E t denot e i nci dent , reflect ed, and t ransmi t t ed

el ect ri c fi el d vect ors associ at ed wi t h t he wave.
(a) 20

(b) 30

(c) 40

(d) 50

Ei

47. L et U and V be t wo i n dependent and i den t i cal l y

di st r i but ed r andom vari abl es such t hat P(U = +1)
1
= P(U = 1) = . The ent ropy H (U +V) i n bi t s i s
2

3
4
3
(c)
2
(a)

Kr
Hr

i r

r = 1.0
r = 4.5

0
Ht

Et

19.2

(b) 1

kt
z

(d) l og23

COM M ON D ATA QU EST I ON S

Com m on D at a f or Qu est i on s 48 an d 49:
Bi t s 1 and 0 are t ransmi t t ed wi t h equal probabi l i t y. At t he
recei ver, t he pdf of t he respect i ve recei ved si gnal s for bot h
bi t s are as shown bel ow.

52. The angl e of i nci dence , and t he expression for E i are

(a) 60 and
(b) 45 and

pdf of received
1 signal for bit 0

(c) 45 and

pdf of received
signal for bit 1

0.5

-1

Er

Hi
Ki

48. I f t he det ect i on t hreshol d i s 1, t he BER wi l l be

1
2
1
(c)
8

1
4
1
(d)
16

(a)

(a) 0.23
(b)

49. The opt i mum t hreshol d t o achi eve mi ni mum bi t error

rat e (BER) i s

E0
2

(c) 0.44

4
(b)
5
3
(d)
2

(c) 1

2
E0

2
E0

2
E0

( a x a z ) e

(d)

E0
2

E0
2

104 ( x z)

3 2

(a x a z )e

V /m

/m

V /m

/m

104 ( x z)

( a x a z ) e
j

3 2

10 4 ( x z)

104 z
3
V

V/m

104 z
j
3
)e
V

( a x a z ) e
j

/m

104 z

(a x a z ) e

( a x a z ) e

E0

104 ( x z)
3 2
V

( a x a z ) e

(a x a z

53. The expressi on for Er i s

(d) 60 and

(b)

1
(a)
2

E0

3 2

104 ( x z)
3
V

V /m

/m

Com m on D at a f or Qu est i on s 50 an d 51:

St at em en t f or L i n k ed An sw er Qu es-t i on s 54 an d 55 :

Consi der t he fol l owi ng fi gure

The st at e di agram of a syst em i s shown bel ow. A syst em i s

descri bed by t he st at e-vari abl e equat i ons

X AX B u ;

IS
+

10V

VS

y = CX + Du

5
2

1
y

_ 2A
1
S

1
S

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

54. The st at e-vari abl e equat i ons of t he syst em shown i n

t he fi gure above are

1 0
1
1 0
1
X u
(a) X
X u (b) X

1 1
1
1 1
1
y 1 1 X u
y 1 1 X u

1 0 1
1 1
1
(c) X
X u (d) X
X u

1
1

0 1
1
y 1 1 X u
y 1 1 X u

55. The st at e t ransi t i on mat ri x eAt of t he syst em shown i n

t he fi gure above i s
t

(a)

te

e
(c) t
e

e t
0

e t

(b)

te
t

e
(d)
0

e t

60. They were request ed not t o qu ar r el wi t h ot hers.

Whi ch one of t he fol l owi ng opt i ons i s t he cl osest i n
meani ng t o t he word qu ar r el ?
(a) make out

(b) cal l out

(c) di g out

(d) fal l out

Q.61 t o Q.65 car r y t w o m ar k s each .

61. A car t ravel s 8 km i n t he fi rst quart er of an hour, 6 km
i n t he second quart er and 16 km i n t he t hi rd quart er.
The average speed of t he car i n km per hour over t he
ent i re journey i s
(a) 30

(b) 36

(c) 40

(d) 24

62. Fi nd t he sum t o n t erms of t he seri es10 + 84 + 734 +

(a)

te

e t

GEN ERAL APT I T U D E (GA) QU EST I ON S

Q.56 t o Q.60 car r y on e m ar k each .
56. Choose t he grammat i cal l y CORRECT sent ence:
(a) Two and t wo add four.
(b) Two and t wo become four.
(c) Two and t wo are four.
(d) Two and t wo make four.
57. St at em en t : You can al ways gi ve me a ri ng whenever
you need.
Whi ch one of t he fol l owi ng i s t he best i nference from
t he above st at ement ?
(a) Because I have a ni ce cal l er t une.
(b) Because I have a bet t er t el ephone faci l i t y.
(c) Because a fri end i n need i s a fri end i ndeed.
(d) Because you need not pay t owards t he t el ephone
bi l l s when you gi ve me a ri ng.
58. I n t he summer of 2012, i n N ew Del h i , t he m ean
t emperat ure of M onday t o Wednesday was 41C and
of Tuesday t o Thursday was 43C. I f t he t emperat ure
on Thursday was 15% higher t han that of M onday, t hen
t he t emperat ure i n C on Thursday was
(a) 40
(b) 43
(c) 46
(d) 49
59. Compl et e t he sent ence : Dare _____ mi st akes.
(a) commi t
(b) t o commi t
(c) commi t t ed
(d) commi t t i ng

(c)

9 9n 1

10

9 9 1
8

(b)

(d)

9 9n 1

9 9 1
8

63. St at em en t : There were di fferent st reams of freedom

m ovem en t s i n col on i al I n di a car r i ed ou t by t h e
moderat es, l i beral s, radi cal s, soci al i st s, and so on.
Whi ch one of t he fol l owi ng i s t he best i nference from
t he above st at ement ?
(a) The emergence of nat i onal i sm i n col oni al I ndi a l ed
t o our I ndependence.
(b) N at i onal i sm i n I ndi a emer ged i n t he cont ext of
col oni al i sm.
(c) Nat i onal i sm i n I ndi a i s homogeneous.
(d) Nat i onal i sm i n I ndi a i s het erogeneous.
64. The set of val ues of p for whi ch t he root s of the equati on
3x2 +2x + p(p l ) = 0 are of opposi t e si gn i s
(a) ( , 0)

(b) (0, 1)

(c) (1, )

(d) (0, )

65. What i s the chance t hat a l eap year, sel ect ed at random,
wi l l cont ai n 53 Sat urdays?

2
7
1
(c)
7

3
7
5
(d)
7

(a)

(b)

AN SWERS
1. (c)

2. (d)

3. (c)

4. (a)

5. (d)

6. (b)

7. (d)

8. (c)

9. (b)

10. (b)

11. (b)
21. (b)
31. (b)
41. (c)
51. (c)
61. (c)

12. (a)
22. (d)
32. (c)
42. (b)
52. (c)
62. (d)

13. (b)
23. (c)
33. (b)
43. (d)
53. (c)
63. (d)

14. (a)
24. (a)
34. (b)
44. (c)
54. (a)
64. (b)

15. (a)
25. (d)
35. (a)
45. (d)
55. (a)
65. (a)

16. (a)
26. (c)
36. (b)
46. (c)
56. (d)

17. (d)
27. (b)
37. (d)
47. (c)
57. (c)

18. (c)
28. (c)
38. (d)
48. (c)
58. (c)

19. (a)
29. (c)
39. (a)
49. (b)
59. (b)

20. (c)
30. (b)
40. (a)
50. (d)
60. (b)

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

EXPL AN AT I ON S
1. L et us consi der t he swi t ches A and B and bul b Y.
Swi t ches can be 2 posi t i ons up (0) or down (1)
St art i ng wi t h bot h A and B i n up posi t i on. L et t he bul b
be OFF. Now si nce B can operat e i ndependent l y when
B goes down, t he bul b goes ON
A
B
Y
up (0)
up (0)
OFF
up (0)
down (1) ON
Now keepi ng A i n down posi t i on when B goes down, t he
bul b wi l l go OFF.
A
B
Y
down (1)
up (0)
ON
down (1) down (1) OFF
fi nd t rut h t abl e corresponds t o XOR gat e.

2. H ence, for a vect or fi el d A(r)

A de = A ds

10. Usi ng t he concept of vi rt ual ground i n an operat i onal

ampl i fi er, we can set t he vol t age at t he poi nt t o zero
vol t s si nce t he non i nvert i ng t ermi nal i s grounded.
Once V A = 0, V C wi l l al so be zero.
We know t hat for a si l i con n p n t ransi st or,
V BE = V B V E = 0.7 V
Si nce, V B = 0 V E = 0.7 V
Hence the output voltage is the same as the emitter voltage
so,
V out = 0.7 V
Ra

11.

RB

RC

Rc

Rb
RA

accordi ng t o St okes t heorem.

3.

h1(t)

RB
RC

h2(t)

RA

h (t)

h(t) = h 1 (t) h 2 (t)

4. Due to application of voltage (forward bias minority carrier
are i nject ed from ei ther side of diode one subsequent
diffusion t akes place and fi nal ly recombinat i on.
I nject i on and subsequent di ffusi on and recombi nat i on
of mi nori t y carri ers
5. As duri ng dry oxi dat i on, qual i t y of oxi de i s superi or as
i t does not cont ai n ul l t er whi ch i s r esponsi bl e for
cont ai nmat i on/i mpuri t y but si mul t aneousl y l ower t he
growt h rat e
6.

lim
0

sin
=1

lim sin =
0

as wi t hi n 10% of error. =180 1 = 18

7.

A = xax ya y za z
A x A y A z
A = x y z = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3

8.

As h(t) =
i nput

t a(f)
response
t

a(I )dt tdt

9.

t2
a(t)
2

(t 1)
a(t 1)
2
32db

40db

= 39.8
T(s) =

39.8
s2

two poles at origin

8ab

R a R b
k2R a R b
Ra Rb
=
= k
R Rb Rc
Ra Rb c
k(R a R b R c )

10

so el ement s correspondi ng t o st ar equi val ence wi l l be

seat ed by fact s k.
12. Accumul at or changes as fol l ows
(05 + 05 + 04 + 03 + 02 + 01)H
At t he end of L oop accumul at or cont ai ns = 14H
ADI 03H A = (14 + 03) = 17H
13. Bi t rat e gi ven = R K bi t s/second
M odul at i on = 32-QAM
No. of bi t s/symbol = 5[l og2 32]
R
Symbol rat e =
k symbol s/second
5
Fi nal l y we are t ransmi t t i ng symbol s.
E T t ransmi ssi on bandwi dt h

R(symbol rat e)

BT =

20 l og k = 32
k = 10 1.6

R c =

5(1 )
(1 + )
For B T t o be mi ni mum, has t o be maxi mum

u(t 1)

Ra Rb
as Ra i s scal ed by fact s k
Ra Rb Rc

BT =

(t) t a (t)
u(t)

Rc =

100

52 10
M axi mum val ue of i s 1 whi ch i s a rol l off fact or
LCM of numerator
2
14. L CM of T 1, T 2, T 3 wi l l be: =
=
HCF of denominator.
100
2
Overal l t i me peri od =
sec.
100
H armoni c frequency = 100 rad/sec.

10

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

15. I nput I ndependence of a volt age-volt age feedback ci rcui t

= 2i (1 + A 0 k)
Zi = i n i t i al i nput i mpedance (wi t hout feed out put
I mpedance of a vol t age-vol t age feedback ci rcui t

1
s
h(t) = u(t)

21.

H (s) =

16.

out put = u (t) h (t) = u (t) u (t) = r (t) = u t

22. Taki ng L apl ace t ransformat i on of t he ci rcui t ,
+

f s > 2f m = 10 K H Z

V(S)
1

.6

100 10 S

B,C,D opt i ons are great er t han 10 K H Z

2
17. I D = K n VGS Vt (1 VDS ) out put r esi st ance i s
2
given by
1
r0 =
...(1)
I D VDS
I D

2
= k ' n VGS Vt
...(2)
VDS
2
1
1
r0 =

I D / dVDS k n V V 2
Gs t
L
F or I d eal cases
2

I D = k ' n VGs Vt
L
ID
0
VDS
r=
18. Con si d er op t i on A: I n whi ch al l t he pol s li e on t he l eft
of j axi s whi ch sat i sfy casual st abl e LT1 syst em.
Op t i on B : For a st abl e casual syst em, t here are no
rest ri ct i on for t he posi t i on of zeroes on s pl ane.

By appl yi ng vol t age devi der rul e:

10 4
s
V1 ( s )
V 2 (s) =
10 4 10 4
3
10 10

s
s
1
1
V2 ( s)
s s 1
=
V1 ( s)
2 s2
1
s
Zi = (4 + j 3)
10 10 3

23.

ZL =

l og = 1dB;

S=

1 1 0.1 1.1

1.22
1 1 0.1 0.9

25.

g(t) = e t

20. f (n) a4 x a3 x a2 x a1 x a0
I f compl ex root s are i n even no. (i n pai r) t hen t he real
root s wi l l al so be even.
opt i on (c) i s wrong.

F [r (t)] = F [h(t) g (t)]

a0
0
a4
As no. of root s = 4
Product s of 4 nos . < 0
ei t her 1 or 3 nos < 0.
B is
Product of root s:
Z1Z1* ,Z 2Z2* 0
2

Z1 Z 2 0 whi ch i s not possi bl e

e t e f

= H( s) G(s)
= e f 2 e f 2
= e 2f

26. Gi v en :
U & V be t wo i ndependent & i dent i cal , di st ri but ed
random vari abl e
I.I.D
U & V are

Notation to identicat
probability density function

from t he equat i on,

Product of root s =

t
h(t) = g( t) = e ( t ) = e
As we know

| A| = a1 a2 a3 = 0

= 10 1 = 0.1

Rel at i on bet ween and VSWR i s

19. | A| = 3[60 49] 5 [25 14] + 2 [35 24] = 0

42 32 = 5

24. The refl ect i on co-effi ci ent i s 20l og = 20dB

Opt i on D: Root s of characteristi c equat ion are all closed

l oop pol es and t hey al l l ine on t he l eft si de of the j axis.

V(S)
2

Op t i on C: t ext t rue.

whi ch, i mpl i es ei t her of t he above ei gen val ues equal t o

zero. I t may be one or t wo negat i ve ei gen val ues.

10 10

H ere f m = 5KH Z

Y(s)

1
s

u(t) = i nput

= Z0 (1 A 0 k)
Z0 = i ni t i al out put i mpedance (wi t hout feedback)
H ence, As K i s i ncreased, t he i nput i mpedance wi l l
i ncrease and out put i mpedance wi l l decrease.

V(s)

U ~ N

(0,1/ 4 )
Variance
Mean
Sign of gaussian distribution

random variable

V N 0,1 / 9 .

To f i n d :

P (3V > 2U)

Sol ut i on:

Rearrange t he probl em

V O U O
P

1 / 3 1 / 2

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

L et denot e

X
Y

V 1
E X E 1 1 E V O
3
3
VO

1
|
V
|
1
E 1 12 E
3
E | V |

9 19
UO
1
1

2
9

1.

t hen X & Y become

X ~ N (0, 1).
normal i sed di st ri but i on (Gaussi an)
Y ~ N (0, 1)
normal i sed Gaussi an di st ri but ed.
You can see cl ear l y. H ow t hey became nor mal i sed
di st ri but i on, as we know t hat normal i sed di st ri but i on
has zero-mean & vari ance 1.
U
1
E y E
E U 0
1
1

2
2

U2
1 2
1
2

E y E
E U 4 1.

4
1 1
4
4
Quest i on reduce t o:
P (X > Y) = P (X Y > O)
As l et , Z = X Y, i t i s just l i near combi nat i on e random
vari abl e whi ch i s gaussi on di st ri but i on wi t h mean O
& vari ance 1.
t hei r L i near combi nat i on i s al so gaussi an = P (Z > O)
N ot e: By usi ng cent ral l i mi t t heorm, not e here mean
wi l l be E Z 0 as mean remai n same & vari ance
become n t i mes of resul t ing random vari abl e, so fi gure
wi l l became
fz(z)

+ o mean
27. Gi v en :

Car r y i n g ou t pl an :

2
1

1
2
1
1

1
1
2
1

1
1
det(M)
1

0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 ...(1)

1 1 1

1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
14
1 = 1

1 44
1 41
Usi ng (2) i nt o (1), we get

L et

1
1
1
1

2
1

1 1 1
1

1
2 1 1
I 4 1 1 1 1
1
1 2 1

1 1 2
1

1
1
1
1

...(2)

...(3)

1
1
A and B 1 1 1 114
1

1 41

2 1 1
1 2 1

1 1 2

1 1 1
But we are gi ven

1
1
m4
I4 A 41B14
1
n1

2
t hat det (I m + AB) = det (I n + BA)

1
det(I 4 A 41B14 ) = det I1 1 1 1 1

= det (1 + 4)
{ I 1 = 1}
= det (5)
=5
{ det ermi nant of a
scal ar i s t he same scal ar}
28. Given:
V s = 10053.13V
3
VS ~

I1

I K : K K i dent i fy mat ri x

2
1
det
1

1
0

1
1

B : n m mat ri x

To fi nd:

1 1 1
2 1 1

1 2 1

1 1 2

Now we wi l l break second mat ri x i n RH S of above as

fol l ows

A : m n mat ri x
det (I m + AB) = det (I n + BA)

11

j4
+
VL1
j40 I2

j6
+

+ 10V
L1

RL= 10
I2

To fi nd: Theveni ns vol t age across L oad resi st once

Sol ut i on

say

* For Vth open i t .

open this
terminal

An al y si s: We wi l l break mat ri x m t o mat ch (I m + AB)

Pl an :
1. As per anal ysi s part we wi l l break mat ri x m i nt o
sum of I m and AB
2. Then use det (I m + AB) = det (I m + BA)

VS ~

I1

j4
+
VL1
j40 I 2

j6
+

+ 10V
L1

RL= 10
I2

12

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

* Openi ng, t hen I 2 = 0

10 K a + 1 = 100

* When I 2 = 0, t hen j 40I 2 = 0 {voltage source will short circuit)

10 K a = 99

Ci rcui t became

K a = 9.9 10

+
VL1
3

+ 10V
L1

I2= 0

K a 10 approxi mat e val ue

30.

I1

j4

VS ~

Vs
I1
3 4 j

j6

IS

Is Iz = IL

VTH

100

Two ext reme condi t i on:

I f I z (mi n),t hen I L (max)

Vs
VL1 j 4 3 4 j

IL

Iz

10V

V2= 5V

I f I z (max)then I L (min) = 0

10 5
= 50 mA
10
I z (mi n) = I s I L (max)

I z (max) = I s =

* V TH = 10V L 1 because no-current fl owi ng t hrough circui t .

40 j Vs
V TH = 10 j 4 Vs =
3 4 j
3 4 j

I L (max) = I s I z (mi n) = I s I z = (50 10) = 40mA

From rect angul ar domai n t o pol ar domai n.

=

Is = Iz + IL

RL (mi n) =

40 90
100 53 13
5 53 13

V
5

K 125
IL (max) 40

Pz = V z I z (max) = 5 50 mA = 250 mw
31. 1st case :

VTH 800 90

V wx1 = 100 V

29. Gi v en :

M2
Vwx1 1.25 100 125V
M1

Open l oop t ransfer funct i on of a dc mot or as

So,

Vyz1 =

w( s )
10
Va ( s ) = 1 10 s

Vyz1 = Vyz1 x = 125 0.8 = 100 v.

R(S)

Ka

Va (S)

10
1 + 10s

Topi c : P cont rol l er wi t h uni t y feed back

F or m u l a: For fi rst order syst em l oop t ransfer funct i on
is

w( s )
10
C( s )
K

comparing with
T
=10
V
(
s
)
1

10s open loop

R( s ) 1 sT
a

Now for closed l oop overal l t ransfer funct i on is gi ven by

10
Ka

w( s ) =
1 10 s
10
R( s )
1 Ka

1 10 s
K a 10
10K a
=

1 10 s K a 10 10 s (10K a 1)
Di vi di ng numerat or and denomi nat or by 10K a + 1
10K a
10K a 1
w
(
s
)
Now
=
10
R( s )
1
s
10K a 1
So

T closed loop =

10
(By comparing from formul a)
10K a 1

I n Question given that t ime constant of closed loop system

is

w(s)

2n d case:

100
.
100

Vyz2 = 100 V
100 100

125v

Vyt 2 =

0.8
M1 1
1
Now,
Vwx2 =
Vy z 2
125 100v
M2
1.25
100

Vwx2/Vyz2 =
100
32. L et t he effect i ve Q fact or i s q1 t hen i t can be wri t t en
usi ng i nduct ance and resi st ance of equi val ent ci rcui t .
(L1 L 2 )
Leq
q=
=
R1 R2
Re q
Now we subst i t ut e t he val ue of L 1 and L 2 i n t erms of q1
and q2
q R q R

q = 1 1 2 2 = q1R 1 q2 R 2 R 1 R 2


33. As h(t) =(t 1) + (t 3)
r (t) = h(t ) u(t)
= [(t 1) + (t 3)] u(t)
34.

1
t imes of time constant of open l oop syst em
100

10
1
1

so 10K 1 100 10 Tclosed loop 100 Topenloop

Vyz1/Vwx1 =

2
r(t) 1

= u (t 1) + u (t 3)
1

w
I D = cos (Vas VT ) 2
2
L
as V B = V as
I D
ID

w
= cos 2(Vas VT )

Vas Vas
2
L
W
= cos Vas VT
L
= 40 10 6 (2 1) 40 106
Vas
1
dVB

25K
=
I D 40 106
I D

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

To f i n d : F(x) G(x) and (F(x) G(x)) x

An al y si s:
I dent i cal l y di st r i bu t ed R.V. U and V m eans t hei r
probabil i t y densi t y funct i on(pol) wil l be some. And CDF
is the integration of polf. So their CDF will also be some
Hence
F U (x) = F V (x)
Pl an :
1. Fi rst fi nd F(x) G(x); Then check i t s posi t i vi t y or
negat i vi t y.
2. Secondl y fi nd (F(x) G(x))x; Then check i t s posi t ivi t y
or negat i vi t y.
Car r y i n g ou t pl an :
We know t hat F U (x) = F(x) = Pr (U x)
...(1)
and
F 2V = G(x) = Pr (2V x)
...(2)
Now, consi der
F V (x) F 2V (x)
{From (1) and (2)}
= F(x) G(x)
{From (1) and (2)}
= Pr (U x) Pr (2V x)
{From (1) and (2)}

wL = 1 1
CR e q

35.

1
w L = 1 10 6 10 k 10k

1
1 10 6 20 103
1
~ 8
fL =
2 1 10 6 103
36. Si nce n(t) can be wri t t en i n funct i on of t usi ng st ep
funct i on x(t) = 4 (t) = 4 (t L )
2f L =

we need t o x (s) l apl ace t ransform x(t)

1 1 2 s
x(s) = e
s s
d 2 y(t)
L

= s2Y(s)
d(t)

d2 y(t)
dy
L
s
6y
dt
dt

s2y(s) + ssy(s) + 6y(s) = x(s)

1 e 2 s
x( s )
y(s) = 2
=
s ( s 2)( s 3)
s 5s 6

37. Gi v en :
A l i near const ant coeffi ci ent , fi rst
order di fferent i al equat i on of y(t)
forci ng funct i on x(t)
i ni t i al condi t i on : y(0)
y(t) > 0
F i n d ou t :
2y(t), by changi ng t he val ue of x(t) and y(0)
An al y si s:
L et s t he di fferent i al equat i on i s
dy
py = x(t)
dt

y(t) = funct i on of x(t) and y(0) = f(x(t), y(0))

L et fi nd t he rel at i on bet ween y(t) and x(t)
defi ne i nt egrat i ng fact or I F.
Pdt

P(2V x) = P V

2
Use t hi s resul t i nt o above expressi on

...(3)

F(x) G(x) = Pr (U x) Pr V
2

We know t hat
Pr (U x) = F U (x)

....(4)

x
Pr V = FV
and
2
2

From anal ysi s sect i on we have F U (x) = F V (x)

x
x
From (6) and (7) FV = FU
2
2
Usi ng (5) and (6) i nt o (4)
x
F(x) G(x) = Fu( x) Fv
2
From (8) and (9), we have
x

F(x) G(x) = F U (x) FU

2
Usi ng (1) i nt o above
x

F(x) G(x) = F(x) F

2

...(6)

...(5)

...(7)
...(8)

....(9)

...(10)

Property of CDF: CDF is a non-decreasing function.

Case 1: x i s +ve (x 0)
x

x
2
x

F(x) F { Non-decreasi ng funct ion}

2

1
n t I.F. dt 2 y 0
I.F.

1
2 n t I.F. dt 2 y 0
I.F.
So for get 2y(t), change t he n(t) by 2x(t), and y(0) wi t h
2y(0)
38. Gi v en :
Two r andom var i abl es (R.V.) U and V; I dent i cal l y
di st r i but ed.
M ean :
E (U) = 0 and E(V) = 0
Cumul at i ve di st ri but i on funct i on (CDF):
F U (x) = F(x)
F 2V (x) = G (x)

Now,

I .F. = e
1
x t I.F. dt y 0
Then
y(t) =
I.F.
I .F. i s i ndependent of n(t) and y(0)
So for fi nd 2y(t)
2y(t ) = 2

13

2y(t ) =

x
F(x) F 0
2

So from (10) F x G x 0

...(11)

Case 2: x i s ve (x 0)
x
x
2
x
x
F(x) F F(x) F 0
2
2
{ Non-Negat i ve funct i on}
So from (10) F x G x 0

...(12)

14

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

So from case 1 and case 2, resul t our answer depends

on posi t i vi t y and negat i vi t y of x. So for x 0 our answer
i s opt i on (B); But for x 0 our answer i s opt i on (A). But
not al ways (A) and (B) so we reject t hese t wo opt i ons.

M AT RI X M ET H OD : L et t wo sequences

Now we have t o fi nd some compact form for our answer

whi ch wi l l be t rue for any val ue of x. i .e. for posi t i ve and
negat i ve x.

Desi gn a mat ri x say by usi ng sequence x2 (n)

Case 3:

x0

From (11)

F(x) G(x) 0

M ul t i pl y by x, we get

(F( x) G( x)) x 0
Case 4:
x0
From (12)
F(x) G(x) 0
M ul t i pl y by x, we get

...(13)

F x G x x 0

...(14)

So from (13) and (14) we have

F x G x x 0

for all x

Option (D) is correct answer.

Ex am p l e: A Gaussi on random var i abl e wi t h mean

ZERO has fol l owi ng probabi l i t y densi t y funct i on (pel f)
Fxx
1
2

F(x)

1
2

e x

x1 (n) x1 (0), x,(1),.... x1 (N)

a colum vector
T
x2 (n) x2 (0), x2 (1),...... x2 (N) a colum vector
x2 (N)
x2 (N 1) ....
x2 (1)
x2 (0)
x (1)

x
(0)
x
(N)
.
2
2
2

.
x2 (1)
x2 (0)
.

.
.
x2 (1)
.

.
.
.
.

M
.
.
.
.
.

...(6)
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
x2 (N 1)

x2 (N)
x2 (N 1) x2 (N 2) x2 (N 3)
x (N)
x2 (N 1) x2 (N 2) ........
x2 (0)
2

Now ci rcul ar convol ut i on i s gi ven by

x1(n) * x2 (n) = M x1 (n)
Pl an :
1. Desi gn mat ri x M by usi ng vact or [a b c d]
2. Fi nd ci rcul ar convol ut i on usi ng equat i on 7
Car r y i n g ou r pl an :
Usi ng vect or [a b c d] desi gn mat ri x M

/ 2 2

...(7)

a d c b
b a d c

M
c b a d

d c b a

G(x)

Now ci rcul ar convol ut i on of [a b c d] wi t h i t sel f.

x
The CDF wi l l be (approxi mat el y)

b c d a b c d

Fk x

f xdx
x

G(x)

Concl u si on :
The i mport ant poi nt t o remember i n quest i on i s t hat
CDF funct i on i s a non-decreasi ng funct i on.
39. Gi v en :
a b c d
d a b c
p q r s a b c d c d a b

b c d a

...(1)

...(2)

To fi nd:
An al y si s: We know t hat

...(8)

from 8 and 2, we get

q r

a a
b b

s = c c

d d

Take DFT bot h si des

a a

b
b
DFT [p q r s] = DFT

c
c

d d

DFT p q

...(3)

where represent ci rcul ar convol ut i on

and

b a
c b
d c

a d

= DFT [a b c d] DFT [a b c d] = [] []

DFT [p q r s]?

DFT [x1 (n) x2 (n)] = x1 (K ) x2 (K )

a d

a a
a d c b
b b
b a d c

a
b
c
d
=

c c
c b a d

d d
d c b a

Fx(x)
{ a non-decreasing function}

DFT [ a b c d] = []

Take t ranspose on bot h si des

a
b

x1 (k) = DFT [x1 (n)]

...(4)

x2 (k) = DFT [x2 (n)]

...(5)

we k now t hat ci r cul ar convol ut i on can be found by

M ATRI X M ETH OD

s 2 2

Element wise
2 2

multiplication
...(9)

Option (A) is the correct answer

Concl u si on :
The i mport ant poi nt t o be not ed i s t hat sequences can
be wri t t en as vect ors. So vect or and sequences were
same t hi ng.

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

N ot e:

40.

V(S)

V(S)

Al l di ode conduct s onl y done negat i ve hal f.

XW i s at symmet ri cal poi nt so vol t age across XW

i s zero for al l t i me.

44. Gi v en v al ues:
Capaci t ance Val ue

Vol t age Breakdown

C1

10F

10V

C2

5F

5V

C3

2F

2V.

Forward pat h =
P1 = S , S = S

1 = 1

P2 = S 1

2 = 1

15

L oop =

Gi ven ci r cui t :
L 1 = 4S 1

C2

L 2 = 2S 1 S 1 = 2S 2

C3

L 3 = 2S 1

L4 = 4
T(S) =
=
41.

S2 S1
1 4 2S1 2S2 4S1

To f i n d :

S 1 S 2
S 1
2
1
2 =
5S
6S 2
S 6S 2S

M ax. safe vol tage i n vol ts t hat can be appl i ed across t he

combi nat i on and Correspondi ng total charge i s C.

1K

C1

D ev i si ng a pl an :

1k

(a) We wi l l fi rst cal cul at e equi val ent capaci t ance of

given fi gure.

2V
1 + 15

+ 15V

1
15V

1k
1 k

(b) By cal cul at i ng capaci t ance, we can check whi ch

answer can be t he sol ut i on, i t reduce your effort i n
sol vi ng probl em.

Vout

2
15V

(c) Then appl y t he remai ni ng answer for remai ni ng

opt i ons.

1 k

+1V

Sol v i ng:

1 1
V out = 1v 1 2v 1
1
1 1

Gai n of
Gai n
Gai n of
non invert y
of
non invert y
amp (1)
i nvert y amp (2)
amp (1)
= [1 2 + 2] 2 v = 8v
42.

Equi val ent capaci t ance, as C2 & C3 are i n seri es and we

know t hat when capaci t ance are i n seri es equi val ent

C2C3
capaci t ance = C C
2
3
& when t wo capaci t or are i n paral l el t hen t hei r addi ti on
C2C3
= C1
C2 C3
*

VCC

C = C1

C2C3
5F 2F
= 10F+
. = 11.4285F
C2 C3
5F 2F

Now check t he opt i on by usi ng formul a

X

CV =

(a) 2.8 11.4285 = 32 C 36 C (opt i on (a) i s wrong)

hence c opt i on can be ri ght

Now when 7V
(b) 7V 11.4285 F = 80c 119C { B i s

hence d opti on i s ri ght .

z x. y

only c & d are l eft .

43. D 0 for al l +

Now appl y 7V fi rst i n gi ven ci rcui t ,

when vol t age across AB i s 7V t hen C1 can handl e i t
broz max breakdown vol t age across i s 10Y.

1cm
Y

1000 sin t

1K

(V3)
C3

and across
Z

1K

(V2)
C2

as t hey are i n
7V

seri es so charge across t hem wi l l be same.

16

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

But i n capaci t or

Q2 = Q3

C1

C2V 2 = C3 V 3
C2V 2 = C3 V 3

[V 2 + V 3 = 7V]

C2

C2V 2 = C3 (7 V 2)

VAB

C2V 2 = 7C3 C3V 2

and

V2 =

7C3
C2 C3

V2 =

72
2V
25

V C1

45.

As when we t ake 7V t hen for t hat V 2 = 2V & V 3 = 5V,

but max vol t age across V 3 can be 2V [because above
whi ch i t breakdown].
as V3 2V
But , when we t ake 7V t hen V 3 have t o be 5V whi ch i s
not possi bl e hence d i s al so wrong.
Onl y opt i on l eft i s c
But , I wi l l show t hat i t i s al so ri ght .
V AB = 2. V
C2

s1 s0
A 15 A 14 A 1 3 A 1 2 A 11 A 1 0 A 9 A 8 A 7 A 6 A 5 A 4 A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0

V3 5V

When

So, dont appl y resist ance volt age met hod i n t o capaci tor
one, i f you do t hat then you wil l obt ai n D as answer, but
whi ch is wrong.

2V

V3 = 7 V2 = 7 2

C3

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
1
1

RAM 1
RAM 2
RAM 3
RAM 4

0
1
0
1

1
1
1
1

0
0
0
0

0800H 0BFF
1800H 1BFF
2800H 23FF
3800H 3BFF

H
H
H
H

vol t age i s 10 V].

C3 2.8
V2 = C C
2
3
V2 8V [possi bl e as breakdown vol t age across
C2 i s 5V)]

hence opt i on D i s correct

* Ver i f i cat i on : As I al ready showed t hat onl y s i s t rue
no one el se.
Con cl u si on : voltage across method capacitance i s
not same as voltage across method resistance. For
det ermi ne vol t age across resi st ance we just do as we
want t o det ermi ne across R1 & R2
R2
VAB

R1
V R1
VAB
R1 R 2

1
2

1
1
(u 1) (u 1)
2
2
1
1
si mi l arl y pv(v) = ( 1) ( 1)
2
2
Z = (U + V)
so

pu(u) =

Pz(z) = Pu(u) Pv(u)

1
1
1
( z 2) ( z ) ( z 2)
4
2
4
So ent ropy H (z) = H (U + V)

= 2 V [possi bl e as breakdown vol t age

across C3 i s 2V]

R1

C2
V 3 = C C 2.8
2
3

1
2

[possi bl e as breakdown

RAM
RAM
RAM
RAM

1
2
3
4

L et s pl an t o sol ve probl em
47. U X V are t wo i ndependent and i dent i cal l y di st ri but i on
random vari abl e

C1

vol t age across C1 = 2.8 V

C1
VAB
C1 C 2

= P1l og + P2l og

1
1
+ P3 4
P
P2
3

1
1
1
log 2 4 log 2 log 2 4
4
2
4
1 1 1 3
=
2 2 2 2
=

VCC = 3V

60 k R

IC = 1mA

VB
R
2
R = 500
E

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

50. (C) Current t hrough 1 = 10A]

51. (D) [I s = 13A, V s = 20]
52. Gi v en :

As I C = I E
si nce B
IB = 0
VB = V BE + RE I E = V BE + RE I C

El ect ri c fi el d vect ors of a monochromat i c pl ane wave.

V B = .7 + 1 10 3 500 = 1.2
R2
R2
V B = 1.2V =
=
3V
R 1 + R 2 60k + R 2
1.2 (60 + R2) = 3R 2
1.2 60
40 k
R2 =
1.8
48.

17

Ei

Er
Hr

Hi

Kr

Ki

r1= 1.0
x

Pdt of review bit 1

19.2
t

Pdt of review bit 0

r2= 4.5

Kt

0.5

Et

4
0

= 600 m

y=x+1

.5
x
2
x
y=
4
Sol vi ng (i ) and (i i )
x
5x
x
x 1
1 1
4
4
4
1
y

y=

4 1
n 4

2
104 rad/mt

Topi c:
Pl ane wave propagat i on (El ect ro magnet i cs)
...(i i )

F or m u l a:
Snel l s l aw,

x=

Er1 sin i Er2 sin t

Sol ut i on:

4
5

So optimum rat i o to achieve minimum bit rate (BER)

y=x+1

K0 =

...(i )

y=

49.

Ht

To fi nd t he angl e of i nci dence use snel l s l aw.

4
5

Er1 sin i =

Er2 sin t

1.0 sin i =

4.5 sin19.2

i = 44.3 45, i s t he desi red i nci dence angl e.

To fi nd t he i nci dence El ect ri c fi l ed vect or, we need t o

fi nd t he propagat i on const ant fi rst .

1
x
4

We can resol ve K i i nt o t wo component s as shown i n t he

fi gure.

K x = K O si n i

Bi t error rat e =

1
1
1
1 =
8
2
4

Ki

50 51
K z = K O cos i

Vx
5

VS

1s
10V

10 10
= 0

2
1
I S = 5 10 + 2 = 13

Current t hrough 1 =

K w = K O cos Qi

KO
2

KO
2

Now t he phase t erm can be gi ven by

2A

Appl yi ng K CK at mode (V x)
2 IS

K x = K O si n i ;

2
2

j
cos i x
sin i z

j x z

10
= 10 A
1

V s 5 2 10V = 0
V s = 20V

104

x z

e x z = e
= e 3 2
...(1)
The component s consi t ut i ng t he ampl i t ude part of Ei
are

Ei
i

18

SOLVED PAPER-2013 (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC)

Ei o = Ex ax Ez az = E 0 cosi ax E0 sin i az

E
= 0 a x a z v/m
2

...(2)

Therefore, t he expressi on for E i can be obt ai ned from

(1) and (2) equat i ons
j
E
E i = 0 a x a z e
2

53. Gi v en :

The phase t erm wi l l be

104
x z
3 2

j

j x z
e x z = e

sin r z

= e

10 4
x z
3 2

...(1)

The ampl i t ude t erm can be obt ai ned by resol vi ng Er

i nt o t wo component s
z
Ezo

Er

v/mt

El ect ri c fi el d vect ors of a monochromat i c pl ane wave.

Exo

E r 0 = Ex0 ax Ez0 az reflection coefficient

Er

Ei

cos r x

= E 0 sin r ax E0 cos r az T
r

Er= 1.0

Kr

Ki

=
x

Kt
t

Et

Er = 4.5

= 600 m

2
104 rad/m

Topi c:
Pl ane wave propagat i on (El ect romagnet i cs)
F or m u l a:
For an obl i que i nci dence t he refl ect i on coeffi ci ent i s

cos t 1 cos i
2
1
2 cos t 1 cos i
T

2 cos t 1 cos i
2

cos t 1 cos i
2
1
H ere

1 = 2 = 0 = 4 10 H /mt
7

1 = 0; 2 = 4.5 0
Fi rst we fi nd t he angl e of i nci dnece i from snel l s l aw
as fol l ows

r1 sin i =

r2 sin t

On subst i t ut i ng t he val ues we get i 45

The refl ect i on coeffi ci ent i s,
T=

1
cos19.2
4.5
1
cos19.2
4.5

1
cos 45
1
0.23
1
cos 45
1

To fi nd t he refl ect ed fi el d vect or Er ,we need to find the

propagat i on const ant , for refl ect ed wave i n medi um.
z
Kr
K0 cos r

r
+x

k 0 si n r

i r 90

j
E0
a x a z e
2

10 4
3 2

x z

V/m

55. Gi v en :
Usi ng dat a of previ ous quest i on
St at e t ranst i t i on mat ri x:

1 0
A=

1 1

F i n d ou t :
eAt , whi ch i s gi ven as
L 1[[SI A] 1]
Sol ut i on

1 0 1 0
SI A = S

0 1 1 1
0
S 1
=

1 S 1
[SI A] 1 =

Sol ut i on:

...(2)

Thus t he expressi on for Er can be obt ai ned form (1)

and (2) as,

Er = 0.23

= 19.i

K0 =

0.23E0
a x a z v/m
2

S 1

S 1 1
1

1
= S1

1
S 1 2

0
S 1

1
S 1

t aki ng L apl ace I nverse

1
S1
L 1[SI A] 1 = L 1 1
S 1 2

1
S 1

1 1

0
L S 1

1
1

L1
L1 1
2
S 1
S

e t
= t
te

e t