PAPER 1 PEI{CUBAANSPM2()O9

- BIOLOGY

2l

22

23

ts

4t
B

C
44 D

26

45

46 C

27

28

48 B

29 D

49 D

l0

30

50 C

31

ll

t2

13 B

3l

l4

34

t5

35

l6

36

t'1

tt

37

l8

38 B

l9

39

20

40

ANSWERING SCHEME BIOLOGY PAPER 2

SECTIONA
No
Exolanation
1 ( a X i ) P - Red bloodcell / erythrocyte
Q - Musclecell
R - Neuron/ Nervecell
1 ( a X i i ) Transports
oxygenfromthe lungsto alrbodycells
1(aXiii)F l - haveno nucieus
El - so it havemorespaceto fillin by haemoglobin
OR
F2 - haveverythinplasmamembrane
E2-so thegasesexchangecantakeplacefaster
OR
F3 - containhaemogiobrn
/ respiratory
pjgment
E3 - cancombinewitholygento formoxyhaemoglobin
1(bxi)A groupof samecells whichhavesamestructure
samefunction

1(bxii) P - Crrculatory
system

'

Marks

Remarks

1
'I
1

1
I
1

Total-3
Total-1
Any pairof
FandE

1
1
1
'1

Total-2
wordsame
cetl
Total-1

Q - Muscular
system
R - l.lervoussysterp

It# Don'taccepttranspotlsystem,skeletalsystemand neNe i

syslem

Total- 3

1(c)

muttrceularorganrsms
needmorefood,-xy$i-iif
mustget rid morewasteproductscompare
iJ
u n t c e [ u l aorr g a n i s m s
- multicellular
organisms
cannotdependon simple
processes
suchas diffusion,
osmosls,phagocytosis,
-,
binary.fission
compareto unicettutar
oriinismi'-orsanisms
musthavetj;sue,
orsans
::Iyl!:"ltrt?|'
anosystemsto enableit carryoutall functjons
effectively
compareto unicellular
organisms
- each.lissues,
organsandsystemcancarryoutthe
specIrctunctionin multicellular
organisms
compare
to unicellular
organisms

'l

Any 3

'l

Total-3

*F#studenlsmustshow the comparison

to get the marks
13 MARKS

2(a)(r)

fobl-2

2(a)(iil

2(bx0
^ r a r\ -,^ey!,vq(co,vptrr
r,^2(bXri) .P r - i re.v
rs/uttwlnqs Tortne

synthesis of

RNA/messenger-RNA
P2- (Geneticinformation)
in DNAis copiedto RNA
rJ- KNA movesout of the nucleusandaftaches
itselfon the
Ribosomes

2(c)(i)

,e,,vv,, e.crue

rn nucreotrde sequence

2(dxii)

,nramia

3(a)
3(b)

F andany
1E

Total - 2
1
Total- 1

----------...........-------

1
1
1
1

wsI uur rrcl| rs tess naemoglobln.

E1-lessoxygenwillcombinedwithhaern'oglobin.

"

Any

1
,l

_ _ , , , , e v r , , v , v r r r e ,r \ | | e t c t r e rs s y n o r o m e /
lurner,s
- Slckle-cell

syndrome/
TrisomyX

2(d\

Total- 1
Total- I

1
1

of
DJ.IA/ gneticcomposition-of
a ce I particutarjene 7
// permanent
changesin DNAstiucture
_,cnromosomes
tr r- canoccurin cells
E2b? inheritedcausingabnormal
development
in
:T
onspnng.

2(cXii)

:T ;:1'""J:'":ilffi::$:j,::

rhebodv
ce,,/

I Total- 1
F and
anyE
Totat - 2
12 MARKS

.\. ^ytcrn vessgls

Y : spongy mesophvll

1
1

Total-

Total- 1

3(cXi) : - L4orewate,wlttOittuse
ouiEm tnetea,"
l1- S_ur
fa-ce
areathatexposed
to surrouitdtng
is bigger,,
3 / c ) r r i tl

laroer
:2- Nuirber of stomaia is ninna. I -^.-

-.^*^.^

-l
I

r,itr,),rl'dvcsw r reoucerateo, transpiration.

;. t- :::.,_,i,,",,"
tr
sme teaveshavelessstoma// smallleave
havcless
"r.{q"g arecthatexposedto tight
_..
..-:rll:,: tayercontainwaxymateriat
whichprevent
excesstve
waterloss

1
1
I

1
,|

: andany
IE
rolal - 2
F andanfl
E

Total- 2

P'1-Lightintensity
P2-temperature
P3- humidity
P4-air movement

1
1
1
1

of glucosein guard
F - largeamount/ higherconcentration
cells producedby the photosynthesis
E1 - K+ ionsare activelypumpedfromsurrounding
epidermal
cellsintothe guardcell
in guardcellsincrease// the
E2 - it causesosmoticpressure
guardcellbecomemoreconcentrated
thanneighbour
cells/ adjacentcells
E3 - waterfrom neighbour
cellsmovein theguardcellsby
osmosis
E4 - the quardcellsbecometurqidandcurveoutwardand
stomataopen

Any2P
tolat-z

F and

1
1
1
1
Total- 3

TOTAL
4 (a)

1 2M A R K S

P : Humerus
Q : Ulna

Total- 2
Total-1

4 (b)(i) Ligament
4(bxii) Touqh fibrous connectivetissue// elastic

Total -1

Total-1
Total-1

4(cXi) Hinqeioint
4(cXii) Allowsmovementin onedirection
/ axis/ at 180'
4 (d)
in
The cartilagein diagram4.1 wearsofi whereascartilage
diagram4.2 is notwearoff // Synovial
membranein diagram
in diagram4.1 not
4.2 swollenwhereasSynovial
membrane
swollen.
4(eXi) Osteoa!'thritis
aie)(ii) F - Cartilagewears off and tearsoff.
E1 - Frictiontakesplace.
E2 - Individual
feelspainduringmovement.

1
1
1

4(

Aqe / dief

Total -1

4 (s)

Mcdication
1sr-!rgery
lo replacethe damagedjointswiththe
arlificialones madeof olasticor metal
TOTAL
Pepsin/ Rennin

Total-i

Total -1

Total-1
F andE1
ot E2
Total-2

5 (axi)
5(aXii)

Pepsin
(l)
Protein -- "'- -'-

5(axi);nd

(I)
Polypeptides
/ peptone

12 IIARKS '
Total- 1

oepenoenr

or
Rcntin
Caseinoqen
(Soluble)

>

Casein
(lnsoluble)

Aminoacids
5(bxiD Pl - Buildnew cells/ groMh
P2 - Repairor renewdamagedceil
P3 - Producing
enzyme/ antibody
/ hormone
5(c)(i) Rice/ anv sourceof carbohvdrate

Total-2
Total -

5(b)(i)

5(c){ii

Amylase / p3ncreaticamylase

5 (d)

Aidsin peristalsis
// avordconstioation

J (e)

F - a / p*rcreassec,r'*s hs"t"
E 1 - Insulinstimulate
the conversion
of Eiucoseinto
glycog.n/ the rdteof respiration
is ,ncrea5ed
E2 - Reducethe bloodalucoselevelintonormal
AL

1
1
1
1

1
1

'1

Any l P
Totel- 1
Total - 1
'l
oial Total - i

1
1

Total- 3
11

SECTIONB
No.

6a

Explanation

of molecules
/
P1 - Simplediffusionis the net movement
lons
concentration
P2 - lroma regionof high(molecules)
to a
regionof lowerconcentration
'rllow
gradient
P3 the concentration
P4 - Occursuntildynamicequilibrium
is achieved

6b

gradientof oxygenand carbon

F - Thereare concentration
dioxidebetweentracheoles& bodycells
El - (simple)diffusioncantakeplace
E2 - Oxygenconcentration
/ partialpressureis higherin
the tracheoleswhilethe concentration
of oxygenis
lowerin the cells
E3 - Oxygendiffusesdirectlyfrom the tracheolesintothe
cells
E4 - Carbondioxideconcentration
is higherin the cells
whilelowerin the tracheoles
E5 - Carbondioxidediffusesdirectlyfrom the cellsinto
tracheoles

6c

F - Oxygenoxidisedthe glucosemolecule.
El - cellularrespiration
/ aerobicrespiration
takesplacein muscle
cells
E2 - ATP / energyis released
E3 - Producescarbondioxideand wateras by product/ waste
oroduct
E4 - Energyis usedfor contractionand relaxationof
musclecells/movementof insect

6d

Similarities:
Fl - The structureof trachealsystemand trachea
branchesinto smalltubes
E'1- Increasethe total surfacearea of tracheole/alveolus
so that
increasethe etficiencyof gasesexchange
F2 - Moistsurfaceson facheole and alveolus
E2 - Oxygenand carbondioxidecan dissolveeasily
F3 - Veii thinwalloftracheoleandalveoiijs
E3 - To ensurethe simplediffusioncan lake placeeasily

I
Marks

Remarks
Any 3

Total- 3
F and
any4E

Total- 5
F with any 3
E

Total- 4

Any pairof
FandE
related

Differences:

lnsect
F4- Consistof
spiracle,
tracheaand
tracheoles.

Aspects

Human

Respiratory Consistof nose,

Structure trachea,bronchus,
bronchioles
and
alveolus.

E4 - Air entersthrough
spiracleintotracheoles

Air entersthrough
noseintothe lungs/
atveotus

F5 - Tracheoles
directlycontactwiththe
musclecells.

Alveolusis
by a
surrounded
largenetworkof
bloodcapillaries

E5 - Increasethe
ditfusion
of oxygeninto
cells

lncreasethe diffusion
of oxygenintothe
bloodcapillaries

F6 - Tracheais
reinforcedwith ringof
chitin

Tracheais reinforced
with ringof cartilage

E6 - Preventthe
tracheafrom collapsing
due to differentair
pressure

H5- HreventIne
tracheafrom
collapsing

F7 - Doesnot have
red bloodcell to
rransponoxygen

Has red bloodcellsto

Orygen
transportationtransponorygen
throughblood
vessels

E7 - Oxygenis not
in lhe body
transported

F8 - Oxygcndiffuses
directlyfrom the
respiratorystructure
i'rtothe cells
r E3 - Carbondioxideis
i directlyreleasedfrom
] the cellsinto
I tracheoles

Any 3 pair
OfF&E
related

Oxygenis
transportedby red
bloodcellsaround
the body

Thediffusion Oxygenneedsto be
of orygenlntc transportedinto the
thecells cellsandthen
drltusesintothe cells
Productof
respiration

Carbondioxide
produceddiffuses
intothe blood
then
capillary
transportedintothe
lungs.

Remark: Answerin table- maximumscore= 2

/.)

Total- I

r
Processwherenucleusof malegamiGluse witnnucteus
femalegamete
Bothgametesare haploid
Zygote diploid witl form
Pollengrainstransferonto sligma

1
1
1

By pollinating
agente.g animil / water/ wind
Pollengrainwillstickontothe stigmabecausestigma is
srcKy// po en grarnhaverouqhsurface
The sucrose- olutionon the sligmastimulate
pollengrajn to
oermtnate
Follentubewillgrowuntilit reachesthe poreat the embn )
sac/ microphyll
NucleustubeIeadthe elongation
of pollentube
As nucleustubemovedforward,generative
nucleusfollowed
behind,
generative
nucleusundergoes
mitbsisto form2 male
gametes
one of the malegametefertilized
the eggcellin the embryo
sac to form diploidzygote
the.othermalegametefertilized
2 potarnucleilo formtriploid
endosperm
bothprocesses
takeplaceat the sametime.so it called
doublefertilization

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

HormonallevelandfolliclEdevdlopnrent
- Pituitarysecretes moreFSH
- FSH transportedto the ovaryby
blood
- FSH stimulatedevelopmentof the
follicje
- WhenthefollicledevelopsintoGraafian
follicle.levelof FSH
willreduce

Minimum
any3
marksfrom
each
subtitle
Total- 10

Ovulationand formatjonof corpustuteum

- When Graafianfollicleform, LH will secreted pituitary
by
- Levelof LH becomemaximumat day 1O_ j4
if;dile ti;1e
for the women
- LH willstimulate
the ovulation
- Whenfolliclereleasethe secondaryoocyte
intofallopian
tubc, the folliclewithoutsecondaryoocytecalled coipus
luteunt
Hormonalleveiandlhicknessoi endonetrium
- Wall of the folliclesecrei:5 oestro-oen
- lt willstimulateihe thicken,ng
of endt,,,,eirium
for
rmoiantaiion
- When ovulationoccurs,the secretion
of oestrogenstops.
- corpusluteumwill secreresprogestronto conti;ue
the
functionof oestrogen
- Wiren menstruationoccur,oestrogen
and progestronlevel
willdecieases
F1 - Mitosis
E1 - Produce;tewcellswhicn,,enticaltc:he Darentceri
E2 -To replacethe dead/ damaoedcetrs
F2 - Meiosis
E3 -To reproduce
sexijal,y itewIncjtvidual
/ offsprinq
E4 -To prcduc; ne'?.(.::i?lcce'rlr3- aiDtor^'r:otner
ag'r_/

1
1
1
1
1
1

Any2F
wlINZb

correctly

Oneparentcellproduced-dauoIGr.ceri
by P andproduced
4 daughter
c;ll bv e
Daughter
cellreceivesami nr.tmber
of
chromosomes
as parentcellin p but
receivedhalfof the parentcell's
chromosomes
in e
Thereare no crossing
overtike placed
in P but it occurrdd
in O
Synapsisbetweenthehomologpus
chromosome
nottakeplacein p buttake

A n y6
correct
comparison

Nucleardivisionoccurred
onlyince h
but twice in O

Cytokinesis
occurred
onceinFTIi rwce
P takeplacein somaticcells.but
P produced
daughter
cellswhEhidentical
to the parentcell,but Q produced
daughtercellwhlchhavevariation

Adamis normatmanwithgenotype
XEYiiETiG-ili
withgenotype
X"X"

iE

AdamproducegametesXHandy andAliceproduce
gametesX" and Xn bv meiosis
Spermand ovumwillfertifized
to producezygote
Zygotewilldevelopto newindividual;
The chancesto get the babyis % heterozygote
girl (carrier),
z. nomozygotegirt , y, notmalboyand % hemophilicbov
Adam'sson producegametescontainXh andqametes'
containY; his wifeproduced
gametesXHand lh
Theirson % is normal, % is hemophilic,
% girlis normaland
% girl is hemophilic
That'smean 507oof their childrenhavea chanceto be
hemophilic
So the chancesto get hemophilic
childrenincreases
as the
new generationform
In this case,Adam shouldnot marry,^.jice,
if he marryAlice,
lhey musi take some preventionof gettingchildren.
Theycan use physrcal
method(e.gusingcondom),
chemrcal
method(e 3 .rsrngsprmtcide)
or naturatmethod
(usedrhythr,-,
method)io avoidpreg,rancy.
Iney arsucan navegeneticcounseling
cdore gettjxgmarry.

1
1
,l

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total- 10
Parasjtism
betweenmosquitoand human
-

lvlosquitois externalra,asire
lt act as vector
Transrnitted the pathogen e: plasmodium sD.,from the
malariapatje.ttto other individual
Caused diseases
That diseasec:x spreadfaster in the communlty,because
the mosqu;tocan bite iniectedpersonthen biie others.

MutualismbetweenRttzoDl{,.nli. ar; legu,,:;: plants

- Rhizcbium sp. g.. :lre habitat fc:1 end :
Jtectionfr^m
legumes plants
- L e g u m e sp l a . r i sd . - 3 t h ? v ea : i l i t yt o
u a o u c e , . , , , t t ef r o r r . "
niii^gen and oxrgen
- Rhizobiumsp. can carrt ;ut ntliogenili-.,_,.
.- iorm nitrate
and legumes plantswill use rr/ nitfate
- Thjs is one part oi the Nrirogencycie

Any '10,
minimum3
fromeach
group.

I
Saprophytism
betweenfungusanddeadplant
- fungusdecaythe deadplant/ breakdown
the comolex
chemicalsubstances
intosimplesubstances
from dead
plant
- can returnthe minerale.g calcium,
ferumandothersto the
sorl
- otherplantscan usedit

1
'l
marks

Logging
A - uncontrolled
loggingcan causedestruction
of the habitat
b - atsocan causedthe extinction
of floraandfauna
- destroythe watercatchments_area,
so it disturbthefreshwater
supply
- cancausedthe muddyflood,flash
flood,soilerosionand
globalwarming
P - So_
the loggingactivities
shouldbe plannedto avoidthose
effect
- Plannedloggingcan be done
by replanting,
loggingat the
certalnareawhichcontajnonlyoldtimOerliee]- '
Motorvehicles
A - can causedair pollutionbecausethe smokecontainplumbum.
carbondioxide,
_ carbonmonoxide,
ts - carbonmonoxidecan causeddeathif inhaledin large
amounl,
be-cause.it
reducedthe abilityof oxygentran"port"ti"on
tyieJ"
Dtoodcells
- Plumbumcan causecancer
- Carbondioxideand heatfrom
the smoke,it will increasethe
world
temperature,
so
it
can
globalwarming
cause
_ P So usingof motorvehiclecan be red-uceby usini iar poot,
usethe publictransportation,
andfilterthe'smok6released
Open burning
A - can causehazard
E - it will decreasethe distanceof vision
- can Increaseslhe healthproblem
relatedwith lung and
respiratorytract
P - So it can.bereduceby avoicjthe openburning,oi burn
tfre
garbagein the specificplace(in closearea)/incinerator

At least3
marksfor
activity
1-example
of activity
(A)
1-effectof
the activity
(E)
1-howto
preventit
(P)

1
1
1

1
1
1

FarmingandAgriculture
A - farmerused chemicalfertilizer,it can causedeutrophication
E - can causeextinctionof flora and fauna
P - use organicfertilizerto increasethe fertitityof fhe soil
OR
use pesticide
to killthe pest,it can ca'used
air pollution
and
waterpollution
E
can causeextinction
of floraandfauna
P - use biological
controlto controlthe population
of pest

ANSWEII,S- Ql : GROWTH RATE OF PLANT

No.

MarkScheme
Ableto recordall 4 readingscorrectly.

Score

Sampleanswer
Soil

Length/ cm

Sandy

1.4

Clay

7.O

Silty

8.8

Loamy

11.0

Ableto recordany 3 readingscorrectly

Ableto recordany 2 readingscorrectly

Noneof lhe aboveor no resDonse

(bxi)Able to state2 differentobservationscorrectly.

Sampleanswer
1. The lengthof the rootin sandysoilis 1.4cm.
2. The lengthof the rootin claysoilis 7.0 cm.
3. The lengthof the rootin siltysoilis 8.8 cm.
4. The lengthof the rootin loamysoilis 11.0cm.
5. The lengthof the rootin loamyloil is longerthanin sandy
soil
Able to state 1 observationsconectlvand 1 inaccurate
observation.
- No Valueof lenoth
Sampleanswer(lnaccurate)
1. The lengthof the rootin sandysoilis short.
2. The lengthof the rootin loamysoilislong.
3. The lengthof the rooiin loamysoilisthelongest
Ableto state2 inaccurate
observations
OR 1 iinaccurate
observation
and I observation
at idealevel.
(ldea
Samoleanswer
level)
1. In sandysoil is short.
2. In loamysoil is long.
Noneof the aboveor no resDonse

(bXiD Able to make 2 inferencescorrectly.

Note: lnferences
mustmatchto observation.
SamDleanswer
1. Becausethe groMhrateof the rootis low/ slow/ reduce/
decrcase
2. Becausethe groMhrateof the rootrs high/ fas!/ increase
3. Becausethe groMh rateof the rootis higherin roamysoil
than in sairdysoil.

Ableto state1 inference

correcfly
and 1 inaccurale
inference.
Sampleanswer(lnaccurate)
1. Becausethe groMhrateof the rootis lower.
2. Eecausethe groMhrateof the rootis higheE
3. Becausethe groMhrateof the in toamysoilis the highest.

/\orero slalez lnaccurate

inferencesOR 1
and I inferenceat idealevel.
Samoleanswer(ldea)
1. Becausethe groMhis low.

(c)

2. Becausethe groMh is high.

r\oneoI tne aDoveor no resDonse

| Able to stateatt 3 variabtesind the 3 methodilo hinib t-he

I
Jvariable.
I

answer:
I Samole
Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated
variable
Type of soil //

Use differenttype of soil in the experiment

Colourof the soil

suchas loamysoil.Claysoil,sittysoiland
sandysoil//
Use soilswilh differentcolourssuch as
black,dark gr-ay,brownishand yellowish

Resoondino
Variable
The lengthof the

Measureand recordthe tengthof the root

root ll

by usinga ruler//

GioMh rate

Calculateand recordthe groMh rate using

formuta
GroMh rate = lenothof the root
Time

Constantvariable
Type of bean/

Use the sametype of bean/ red bean//

seed//
Volumeof water//

Usethe samevolumeof waterthatis Sml//

Massof soil//

Usethe samemassof soilthatis 3O0g/i

Time

Fjxthe timewithin3 days

Able to state any 4-5 correct

AII corrects
= 3
2

^ute tq stale z-J correit

r\o response/1 respcnseor incorrect

resoonSe

iC

No.
(d)

MarkScheme

Score

A b l e t c s t a t e an y p o t n e @
the responding
variablecorrecy withthe following
aspects:
P 1- manipulated
variable
P2 responding
variable
P3 - relationship
betweenp1 and p2
Samoleanswer:
1. The darkerthe colourof the soii,the longerthe lengthof the
root.
2. The higherthe levelof soilfertility,
the higherthegroMhrateof
3

the root.
Abletostatea hypothe@
the responding
variableinaccurately
Samoleanswer(inaccurately)
1.Thelengthof the root affected/ influencedby the type of the soil.
2. The groMh rate of the root affected/ influencddbv the colour

of the soil.
Able to statea hypottresii@
the responding
variableat idealevel.
Sampleanswer(ideelevel)
1. The root is affectedby the type of the soil/ the colourof the soil
Noneof the aboveor no respons-

(eXi) Able to constructa iable corecfly with the foii6[ingEipects:

1. Titleswith correctunit
2. Recordall the data correc y
3. Calculateand recordlhe groMh rate
Sampleanswgr:
Typeofsoil

Lengthofthe root / cm

Sandy

1
0

'I mark
'l mark
l mark

Growth rate of the

root / cm day I

0.47

Clay

7.0

2.33

Silty

8.8

2.93

Loamy

I1.0

3.67

=3

Any 2 correctaspects

Any 1 correctaspect

Noneot the aboveor no response

e)(rr Able to draw a bar chartcorrec y withthe foilowingasfcts

P - Correcttitleswith unit on both horizontaland verticalaxis

1 mark

(andunifo!-m
scale)
T - All pointsplottedcorrectty
as in thetable
B Abieto C,aw all hari

'l mark
1 ;t'ark
AII3
aspects
correct
= 3 marks

Any 2 aspectscorrect

Any 1 aspectcorrect

.. No table)
bar chart=O
None of the above or no response

l0

l5le to interpret
datacorre@
aspects
Relationshio:
P1 - Ableto statethe relationship
betweenmanipulated
variableand respondingvariablecorrectly
Exolanation:
P2 - Ableto state' becausethe cellsdivideactivelyby mitosis,
P3 - Able to state 'the groMh rate rncreases.
Samoleanswer:

1 mark

l mark
1 mark

The darkerthe colour of the soil, the longerthe lengthof the

root becausethe cellsdivideactivelyby mitosisandthe growth
rate increases

3
Able to interpretdata conectlywithlfsiEcts-

ql

Ableto interpret
dataconec y fiithl-$ects

Noneof the aboveor no resoonse

Aotero oenneoperattonally
basedon the resultof the expeiimEniwith the foilowingaspects:
Pl - The lengthof the root
P2 - Uslngred bean
P3

ln differenttype of soil

Samoleanswer:
GroMh rs rne jengthof the root of the red

beanin differenttypesof

soil

with 2 correctaspea:s.
Able to defr;:: rperationallybaseOon tfreMilnEixp6imEnt

with i correct asDeat:

Noneottne au.rveor iro.eso-F

i
L

l
-t-..

(h)

Ableto predictandexplainthe outcomeof the experiment

correcty
withthe following
aspects:

Prediction:
The lengthof the rootwillincrease
M o r et h a n11 . 0c m
Explanation:
Becausethe soilis morefertile

Ableto predictandexplainthe oulcomeof the experiment

correctly

with 2 aspectscorrectly.
Able to predictand explainthe oulcomeof the experimentcorrectly

with 2 aspectscorrectly.
Noneof the aboveor no response

(D

Able to classifythe groMh patternof all organismsand parameters

correctly.
Samoleanswer:
Sigmoidcurve

Seriesof steoscurve

Tilapia

Grasshopper

Maizeplant

Cockroach

Paddyplant
3

3 - 4 organismsand parameterscorrect
1 - 2 organismsand parametersconect
Noneof the aboveor no response

t3

ANSWERS- Q2 : EFFECTOF TSA/VRATTO

ON THE RATEOF DtFFUStoNOF SUBSTANCES

Construct
'r.

uojectlve

2. Problem

Sampleanswer

Note on scoring

I o determine/study/investigate
the effectof total
surfacearealo volume[SAA/) ratjoon the rateof
diffusionof substances.
Ableto relatePl, pZ;nd H ir1a questionforrn.

Statement Samoleanswer:
1. How doesthe TSA./Vratio affectthe rate of
diffusionof the substances?
2. What is the effectof TSA/Vratioon the rate of
diffusionof substances?

Samoleanswer(inaccurate):

tick
=
F1 Grputated
variable.
=
P2 Responding
variable.
H = Howdoes..?
P 1+ P 2 + H

P 1 + P 2H
,X

1. Doesthe TSA,/Vratio affectthe rate of diffusion

of the substances.
2. TSAA/ ratioaffectsthe rate of difftisionof the
suDStances.
Samoleansw,e(atidealevel):

i P1,P2X,HX

1.Whatis the TSA,/Vratioof the potato

cube?
Tick
"";";;;*.0""*
Hypothesis

Ableto relateP1, P2 andH

P i = M a n. V a r
P2 = Resc.Var.

Samoleanswer:
1. As the TSAA/ ratio increases,the rate of
ditfusionof the substances
increases.
2. The largerthe TSA/Vratio,the higherthe rate of

nlgner
P1+P2+l.1

diffusionof the substances.

Samoteanswer{tnaccurate):
1. TSA,A./
ratio affect/ influencethe rate of diffusior
of the substances.

l
r--i'
i

Pl+P2 lrx

Samoleanswer(at
idealevel):

P 1 ,P 2 X ,H X

1. The TSA / ratioincreases

dueto the
size of potatocube.
2. The TSAA/ratioaffectedby the size of potato
cube.

tick

Noneof the above/Noresponse

Manipulated
: Totalsurfaceareato volumeOSAM ratio of the
potatocube// volumeof potatocubes.

All threevariables

4. Variables
mustbe conect.

R e s p o n d i n g :Rateof diffusion// percentageof colouredarea.

Fixed :

Concentration
/ volumeof colouredwater//time
taken// type of potato

5.
Materials
and
Apparatus

tick

Materials= colouredwater,potatoand filter

3M+5App=3

paper/tissuepaper

3M+4App=2
?M + 2t3 App=

Apparalus= knife/ Razorblade,whitetlles,forceps,

stopwatchand gridedtransparencysheet,beaker
6. Technique Measureandrecordthe coloured
areaof cut

surtaceusing a,gridedtransparcncy.

tick

I
I

81 = I

OR
Calculateandrccoldthe rateof diffusion
aong a I
I

formula.

=
Rate of
diffusion

Percentaoeof colouredarea (%)

time taken(min)

7. Procedure K1-Preparationof materials& apparatus

I
|
|

tick
All 5K = 3m

(At least3K1)
-

Potatoare cut intofour cubeswhichis

1 cm3.8 cm3.27 cm3and64 cm:.
Placeeach potatocubein a beakercontaining
colouredwaterfor 20 minutes.
Afler 20 minutes,the potatocubesare cut ;ntc
two halves.
Tabulatealldata.

K2 - Operatina Fixed Variable

(At leastone K2)
-

Volumeor concentration
of colouredwater
mentionedand fixed in the exoeriment.
Time for experimentmentionedand fixed.

l1'

I i--\

l-,)

3-4K=2m
2Konly=16
1K=0m

K3 - Operatina RespondindVariable
(At leastone K3)
- Drawandshadethe coloured
areaon the
gi'idedir:nsparencv.
- Measure/ estimatecoloured
areain each
ptat9 gube usinga gridedtransparency.
- Larcurate
the percentage
of colouredareain
eacnpotatocube.
K4 - Operatinq Manipulated Variable
- Usedifferentsizeof potato
cubessuchas 1
cm', 8 cm', 27 cm3and64 cm3.
KS- Precaution
/ Accuracvof exoedment
- The outersurfaceof the potato
cubes
are driedusingfilterpapet.
- Colourwatermustcovered
allthe cubes/
potatocubesare totallyimmersein the coloured
waIer.
. Refer 'Sampleprocedure'
to
Atleastl
8. Recording Able to constructa tableto recordall
data with the
data
followingaspects:
( Results)
. 3 titleswith correctunits(where concern
)
. No datais required
.

K=tlck

B.2=1

Referto.'Sample
Results,

9. Conclusion Restatethe positivehypothesislollowedby

"hypothesis
is accepted".
Planningof

7-9ticks=3m

experiment

4-6ticks=2m
1-3ticks=1m

Samplc Procedure:
1- Potato is cut into cubes which is 1 cm!, B cmr. 27 cm3and t4 cm!.
2. Each potato cubes is placed in a beaker containingcolouredwater for 20 minutes.
3. After 20 minutes, the potato cubes are cut into two halves_
4. The outer sudace of the potaio cubes are dried using lljter paper.
5. The transparencysheet is placed on the lop of cut surface.
6. The area that is stainedred is drawn and shaded on the grided

transparency.
7- Colouredarea in each potato cubes is measured/ estimated
by using a grideo uansparency.
8. The percentageof colouredarea in each potatocubeis calculatedand aecorded.
S a m p l eR e s u l t s :

:
Sizeof cubes

Percentageocolouredarea/ %

Rateof difiusion
of po{ato
cube/ %min3

I
27
64

i i

/o

tick

tick