Volume: 02

Issue: 12
Edition:
Dec 2014

PAGE NO: 01

Dear All,
Greetings,
It gives me absolute pleasure and happiness in informing you all, that Dr.Rajasekar,
Professor, Department of Biotechnology, has set up his Research Laboratory funded
by AICTE RPS Scheme for the project Development of Plant Based Gold Nanoparticles with Special Reference to High-Fructose Diet Induced Insulin Resistance.
Dr. Rajasekar and his team will be focusing on the research of nano-particles,
toxicity, diabetes and anti-microbial studies with specialization in biochemical and
molecular aspects. On behalf of the department of Biotechnology, I heartily
congratulate Dr.Rajasekar and his team and wish them good luck to come up with
socially novel products in all their future endeavours. New beginnings, fresh starts
and promises for a brighter future, all come to our minds as we ring in a New Year.
On behalf of the Department of Biotechnology, I wish all the students a very happy
and a prosperous New Year 2015. Genuine success comes only to those who are ready
for it. So without stepping back, always welcome new challenges with courage to
come up with flying colours. Lastly, I would like to thank the editorial team of
faculty & students, who have put in their blood and bones in designing yet another
edition of this innovative & informative newsletter for this month. This newsletter
should inspire all of us for a new beginning, confidence and faith in the road ahead.
Happy Reading,

-Dr. (Mrs.) Johanna Rajkumar,

Professor and Head,
Department of Biotechnology,

02

Department News and Activities

STAFF & STUDENT ACHEIVEMENTS
T.Sathya Priya, P.Srinithi, P.Surekha and Thahaseen Fathima of 3rd year completed a Training
Program on Plant Pharmaceuticals and R.Yuvarani on Bioinformatics at BioLim Centre for
Life Sciences, Ayanavaram from 24th Nov 2014 to 28th Nov 2014.
Y.Sana Mariyambe of 3rd year completed a Package Training Program on Clinical Pathology,
Hematology, Biochemistry, Cytology, Serology and Bacteriology at HVF Hospital, Ministry
of Defense, Avadi from 24th Nov 2014 to 29th Nov 2014.
Mrs.Sabarunisha Begum and Mrs.K.Sathya (Assistant Professors) attended a Faculty
Development Program on Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics at Anna University, CEG
Campus, Guindy from 27th Nov 2014 to 4th Dec 2014.
Keerthana.T, Nivetha.B, Kamaleeshwari.M, Akshaya K.P, Akshaya.E, Gayathri.R, Gayathri.K,
Mohana Priya.V, Indhumathi.R, Animamalar.M, Krishnaveni.R, Amrutha.K.V, Mokshitha,
Jayashree.V.P, Anamika Sharma, Madhumitha.S, Nandhini.E, Nandhini.N, Gayathri.A, Abirami.K,
S.Geethapriya, Deepika.R, Shreya.R, Rukhmani.N, Swetha.R, Shrishruthi.S and Parkavi.R.K of 2nd
year completed a Training Program on Protein Purification at Aristogene Biosciences Private
Limited, Bangalore from 8th Dec 2014 to 12th Dec 2014.
B.Vaishnavi, S.Rathika, R.Priyadharshini & G.Vasavi of 3rd year completed a Training Program on
Advanced Molecular Biology at Jayagen Biologics, Guindy from 9th Dec 2014 to 15th Dec 2014.
Dr.V.Gayathri and Dr.D.Haripriya (Professors) attended a meeting on Student Project
Discussion at Sun Agro Biotech Research Centre (SABRC), Porur on 12th Dec 2014.
S.Mathangi, R.Harihara Priya, M.Laveena and D.Pireethi of 3rd year completed a Training
Program on Animal Tissue Culture at LifeTech Research Centre, Vadapalani from 12th Dec
2014 to 16th Dec 2014.
P.G.Aishwarya, V.Gopika Shree, J.Aravindh, M.Barath, C.K.Ganesh, K.Amrithavarshini and
B.Preethi of 3rd year completed a Training Program on Advanced Techniques in Fish
Processing and Quality Control at Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI),
Mysore, from 15th Dec 2014 to 19th Dec 2014.
J.R.Hemamalini, J.Mohamed Shahid, H.Anjhana, R.R.Barani, S.Manooj Kumar and M.Anbarasan
of 3rd year completed a Training Program on Immunnotechnology at Aristogene Biosciences
Private Limited, Bangalore from 22nd Dec 2014 to 26th Dec 2014.

03

Department News and Activities

STAFF & STUDENT ACHEIVEMENTS
The AICTE funded Research Laboratory of Dr. P.Rajasekar (Professor) was inaugurated by Dr.
(Mrs). Johanna Rajkumar (Dean/Head) and Mr.Sundar Raman (Professor) on 11th Dec 2014.
The following students attended a Special Lecture Series on Recent Trends in Biomaterials
organized by Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Guindy on 16th December 2014.
o THIRD YEAR STUDENTS: G.Sakthi Abbirami, M.Thulasi Priyadharshini, K.Sriram,
A.Preethi Mona, G.Sai Monica, E.Nithya and A.Vithya
o PROFESSORS: Mrs.R.V.Hemavathy, Dr.V.Gayathri, Dr.B.Vijaya Geetha, Ms.Jeba
Samuel, Ms.A.Janani and Mrs.T.Anitha

Mrs.M.Millicent Mabel, Mr.S.Arun Kumar and Dr.Sivasami (Assistant Professors) attended a

Faculty Development Program on Bioinformatics II at Prathyusha Institute of Technology
and Management (PITAM), Chennai from 15th Dec 2014 to 21th Dec 2014. Mr.Arun Kumar and
Dr.Sivasami rendered Guest lectures on the topics Genomics and Transcriptomics and
Metagenomics respectively in the FDP.

PAGE NO: 04

Y.Sana Mariyambe
of
third
year
getting trained on
Clinical Pathology,
in the Department
of Pathology, HVF
Hospital, Ministry
of Defense, Avadi.

Mrs.M.Millicent Mabel, Mr.S.Arun Kumar and

Dr.Sivasami (Assistant Professors) at
PITAM, Chennai for FDP on Bioinformatics2.

E.Nithya, A.Vithya, G.Sai Monica and

A.Preethi Mona of third year at Central
Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Guindy.

P.Srinithi, Thahaseen Fathima, T.Sathya Priya

and R.Yuvarani of third year at BioLim Centre
for Life Sciences, Ayanavaram.

C.K.Ganesh,
J.Aravindh,
M.Barath,
B.Preethi,
P.G.Aishwarya,
K.Amrithavarshini and V.Gopika Shree of third year with the faculty
members of Department of Marine & Meat Sciences, CFTRI, Mysore.
`S

B.Vaishnavi
and
S.Rathika of third
year at Jayagen
Biologics, Guindy.

PAGE NO: 05

RI District 3230, one of the major partners in eradicating Polio in India, organized a very ambitious
National Event "MY FLAG MY INDIA" on the Flag Day (7th December 2014) at YMCA grounds,
Nandanam, Chennai, to reignite the passion of the youth and bring out the secular character of the
biggest democracy in the world. As planned, the organizers brought together more than 50,000
passionate Indians to form the Indian National Flag and create history, a first for India and a first
for Chennai, creating National and International awareness of the Passion, Unity ad Diversity of the
Symbol of India: our National Flag. Around 1200 students from Rajalakshmi Engineering College,
extended their support and active participation in forming the Human Indian Flag and make a New
Guinness World Record, to explicitly show our commitment and dutiful responsibility towards our
country & the community. The Guinness World Record for the largest human flag was previously held
by the Sports Club of Lahore with 28,957 people forming the flag. This is the first record (of its
kind) in independent India and our aim was to infuse patriotism and nationalism in the present
generation and next-generation youth. Guinness official Syeda Subasi presented the certificates
validating the attempt. She described the effort as a historic moment for India and lauded the
participants for turning up early in the morning to participate in the event.
-K.Sriram (Third Year)

PAGE NO: 06

The Research Laboratory funded by AICTE RPS Scheme for the project Development of Plant
Based Gold Nano-particles with Special Reference to High-Fructose Diet Induced Insulin
Resistance, Principle Investigator: Dr. P.Rajasekar, Professor, Department of Biotechnology, was
inaugurated by Dr. (Mrs). Johanna Rajkumar, Dean/Head, Department of Biotechnology and Mr.
Sundar Raman, Professor, Department of Biotechnology, on the 11th of December 2014 amongst the
august presence of all the staff members, lab instructors and research scholars of the department.
Dr. Rajasekar and his team will be focusing on the research of nano-particles, toxicity, diabetes and
anti-microbial studies with specialization in biochemical and molecular aspects.
-Rajarajeshwari (Research Scholar)

PAGE NO: 07
SOME ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERIES IN MEDICINE

WARFARIN: Tragedy is never a good starting place even if something positive ultimately comes out
of it. In the case of warfarin, an anticoagulant that was later used as a medical blood thinner, it took
the bloody and violent deaths of countless cows to discover it. In 1933 Ed Carlson, a Wisconsin man,
was as distraught as a farmer can be when his cattle began to haemorrhage violently and
unexpectedly. Not knowing what to do, he visited biochemist Karl Paul Link at his lab. Carlson had a
sneaking suspicion that his feed, consisting of sweet clover hay and which was now rancid, was to
blame. Link proved him right as he discovered an anticoagulant in the hay. It was commercially named
warfarin and was initially sold as an effective rat poison. Upon further research, Link isolated a
compound in warfarin that could be used as a blood thinner to treat patients with blood clots. It's
still used to this day.
NITROUS OXIDE: Before it was an anaesthetic, nitrous oxide was essentially the world's best
party trick. Up until 1863, when it first became an established tranquilizer, the gas was used in
upscale parties and cross-country sideshows as a "mood enhancer." It is known as laughing gas, after
all. Joseph Priestley was the bright mind who discovered the anti-panic agent. Not that giving the
world a potential anaesthetic was all that impressive to a man who also discovered oxygen in its
gaseous form. To obtain laughing gas, Priestley stuck iron fillings into nitric acid, which produced the
tingling, numb effect when inhaled, which we know so well. From there, dentists and doctors began
to experiment with it as a medical tool, fighting the conception that its simply a recreational drug.
IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER: Wilson Greatbatch didn't invent the implantable pacemaker, Rune
Elmqvist and ke Senning are reserved with that honour, but he improved upon their design to great
lengths. Elmqvist and Senning's first implanted model only lasted three hours while Greatbatch's
model extended its wearer's life by 18 months. This made the device commercially viable. Though
Greatbatch was a natural inventor, with more than 150 patents to his name by the time of his death,
he invented his pacemaker by accident. A hardware mix up, while building a device to record heart
sounds with, put him on his path to discovery. After noticing that the contraption was giving off a
rhythmic, heartbeat-like pulse, Greatbatch spent the next two years fine-tuning it. In 1960, his
patented device was approved for wide human use, which allowed for hearts around the world to
beat for a little while longer.
-M.Thulasi Priyadharshini (Third Year)
(COURTESY: Biography)

PAGE NO: 08
EXERCISE CHANGES DNA
We can know that exercise can make us fitter and reduce our risk for illnesses such as diabetes and
heart disease. But just how a run or a bike ride might translate into a healthier life has remained
baffling. Now a new research reports that the answer may lie, in part, in our DNA. According to a
new study, exercise changes the shape and functioning of our genes, an important step on the way to
improved health and fitness. The human genome is astonishingly complex and dynamic, with genes
constantly turning on or off; depending on what biochemical signals they receive from the body.
When genes are turned on, they express proteins that prompt physiological responses elsewhere in
the body. Scientists know that certain genes become active or quieter as a result of exercise. But
they hadnt understood how those genes know how to respond to exercise. Epigenetics is a process
by which the operation of genes is changed, but not the DNA itself. Epigenetic changes occur on the
outside of the gene, mainly through a process called methylation. In methylation, clusters of atoms,
called methyl groups, attach to the outside of a gene like microscopic molluscs and make the gene
more or less able to receive and respond to biochemical signals from the body. Scientists know that
methylation patterns change in response to life style. Eating certain diets or being exposed to
pollutants, for instance, can change methylation patterns on some genes and affect what proteins
they express. Far less has been known about exercise and methylation. So far a study published this
month in Epigenetics, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm recruited 23 young
volunteers who were asked to cycle with only one leg, leaving the other unexercised. In effect each
person became his or her own control group. Both legs would undergo methylation patterns
influenced by ones entire life, but only the pedalling leg would show changes linked to exercise. The
volunteers pedalled one-legged for 45 minutes, four times per week. Then the scientists repeated
the muscle biopsies and other tests. The exercised leg was more powerful now than the other,
showing that the exercise had resulted in physical improvements. The changes within the muscle
cells DNA were more intriguing. Using sophisticated genomic analysis, the researches determined
that more than 5000 sites on the genome of muscle cells from the exercised leg now featured new
methylation patterns. Some showed more methyl groups; some fewer. But the changes are
significant and not found in the unexercised leg. we can induce in changes that affect how we use
our genes and, through that, get healthier and more functional muscles that ultimately improve our
quality of life
-Y.Sana Mariyambe (Third Year)
(COURTESY: The Hindu SciTech)

PAGE NO: 09

WISH YOU ALL A HAPPY NEW YEAR 2015

PAGE NO: 10

Planning to pursue higher studies ?? Well, Check this out !!

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EXPERIMENTAL FOCUSES:
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hybridization, DNA fingerprinting technologies - RAPD - SCAR, RFLP, AFLP, VNTR,
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focusing (IEF), Isozyme Analysis and Zymogram, Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody production,
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FOR MORE INFORMATION:

Check out the official website
SCMS Institute of R&D
http://www.scmsgroup.org/SIBB
-Savithri.S (Third Year)

PAGE NO: 11

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-Savithri.S (Third Year)
``

PAGE NO: 12
BACTERIA CAN PRODUCE TERPENES

If you've ever enjoyed the scent of a pine forest or sniffed a freshly cut basil leaf, then you're
familiar with terpenes. Bacteria could be a rich source of terpenes, the natural compounds common
in plants and fungi that are used to make drugs, food additives, perfumes, and other products .The
compounds are responsible for the essential oils of plants and the resins of trees. Since the
discovery of terpenes more than 150 years ago, scientists have isolated some 50,000 different
terpene compounds derived from plants and fungi. Bacteria and other microorganisms are known to
make terpenes too, but they've received much less study. New research at Brown University,
published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, shows that the genetic capacity
of bacteria to make terpenes is widespread. Using a specialized technique to shift through genomic
databases for a variety of bacteria, the researchers found 262 gene sequences that likely code for
terpene synthases - enzymes that catalyze the production terpenes. The researchers then used
several of those enzymes to isolate 13 previously unidentified bacterial terpenes. The findings
suggest that bacteria "represent a fertile source for discovery of new natural products," the
researchers write .David Cane, a professor of chemistry at Brown and one of the authors on the new
paper, began working about 15 years ago to understand how bacteria make terpenes. "At that time,
the first genomic sequences of certain classes of bacteria were just beginning to come out," he said.
"We had this idea that maybe you could find the enzymes responsible for making terpenes by looking
at the sequences of the genes that were being discovered. "To do that, Cane searched through the
genome data gathered for a group of bacteria called Streptomyces, looking for sequences similar to
those known to produce terpene synthases in plants and fungi. Eventually, he found that
Streptomyces did indeed have genes encoding terpene synthases and that those enzymes could be
used to make terpenes. The verified bacterial sequences found by Cane and others enabled
researchers to refine subsequent searches for additional terpene synthase genes. "Instead of using
plant sequences or fungal sequences as your search query, we can now use bacterial sequences, which
should yield a greater degree of similarity," he said. "So now we're fishing in the right waters with
the right kind of bait, and you can find more matches." This latest paper made use of the third
generation of iterative searches and a powerful search technique developed by Haruo Ikeda of
Kitasato University in Japan. Previous work had identified 140 probable sequences for terpene
synthases. This latest work expanded that to 262.
-G.Sakthi Abbirami (Third Year)
(COURTESY: Brown University)

PAGE NO: 13
CELLS COMMUNICATE USING FILOPODIA

To feel their surroundings, the cells use finger-like structures that are actually tube-like
protrusions from the cell membrane. These tubes are called filopodia and they can bring messages
back to the cell about both the chemical environment and the physical surroundings. For example,
the cells use the filopodia structures for correct development of the embryo, for growing nerve
cells and when cells (like macrophages) need to migrate towards pathogenic bacteria in order to
remove them. The filopodia structures are very dynamic as they can contract, elongate and bend
actively in all directions. "How do they control their movements and what forces do they use? This is
what we wanted to find out," explains Poul Martin Bendix, Associate Professor in the research group
Bio Complexity at the Niels Bohr Institute and University of Copenhagen. The researchers Natascha
Leijnse, Lene Oddershede and Poul Martin Bendix studied the physical properties of filopodia using
an optical trap, which is a microscope where you can hold onto and influence individual living cells
using a highly focused laser while you observe, measure and follow their movements. In order to
follow the movements better, the researchers placed a small plastic ball on the tip of the filopodia
structure and by performing ultrasensitive force measurements, they could measure the dynamic
activity in the individual filopodia. In addition to the force measurements, the internal 'skeleton' of
the filopodia, called actin, which is responsible for the movement of the filopodia, was marked with
fluorescent markers in order to monitor the movements in the microscope. In the experiment we
grasped the ball sitting on the end of the filopodia antenna and pulled it with the ultrasensitive
force microscope for up to 20 minutes. We could measure that the cells pulled back with a force of
1-100 piconewton the equivalent of the gravity on a single red blood cell. Furthermore, the study
revealed a new mechanism that the filopodia use to move. We observed that the actin inside the
filopodia exhibited a marked twisting motion and when it drew back, spiral folds were formed - just
like when you twist an elastic band, holding tight to one end and pulling the other," explains Poul
Martin Bendix. These spiral folds were filmed using fluorescence microscopy, all while measuring the
contraction. The rotational mechanism that formed the spiral in the actin structure is important for
making it possible for the filopodia to explore their environment by means of the rotary movement.
-Shwetha Srinivasan (Third Year)
(COURTESY: Green Trendolizer)

PAGE NO: 14
Fishes CAN chemically camouflage

A species of small fishes use homemade coral-scented cologne to hide from predators; a new study
has shown, providing the first evidence of chemical camouflage from diet in fish. Filefish evade
predators by feeding on their home corals and emitting an odour that makes them invisible to the
noses of predators, the study found. Chemical camouflage from diet has been previously shown in
insects, such as caterpillars, which mask themselves by building their exoskeletons with chemicals
from their food. The new study shows that animals don't need an exoskeleton to use chemical
camouflage, meaning more animals than previously thought could be using this survival tactic. "This is
the very first evidence of this kind of chemical crypsis from diet in a vertebrate," said Rohan
Brooker, a post-doctoral fellow in the School of Biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology in
Atlanta. "This research shows that you don't need an exoskeleton for this kind of mechanism to
work." Anyone who has watched a nature documentary has seen insects that camouflage themselves
as sticks, protecting the insects against predators that use vision to hunt for prey. But many animals
see the world through smell rather than sight, and cunning critters from among them have adapted
clever ways of smelling like their surroundings. For the new study, researchers travelled to
Australia's Lizard Island Research Station in the Great Barrier Reef, where they collected filefish.
To show that filefish smelled like their home coral, the researchers recruited crabs to sniff them
out. The filefish were fed two different species of coral; each species of coral is home to a unique
species of crab. The crabs were given a choice between a filefish that had been fed the crab's
home coral and a filefish that had been fed a coral that is foreign to the crab. The crabs always
sought the filefish that had been feeding on the crabs home coral. The filefish smelled so strongly
of coral that sometimes the crabs were attracted to the fish instead of coral, when given a choice
between the two."We can tell that there is something going through the filefish diet that's making
the fish smell enough like the coral to confuse the crabs," Booker said. To see if the chemical
camouflage gives the filefish an evolutionary advantage to evade predators, the researchers tested
cod to see how they responded to filefish that had been fed various diets. Cod, filefish and corals
were put in a tank, with the filefish hidden from the cod. When the filefish diet didn't match the
corals in the tank, the cod were restless, suggesting that they smelled food. When the filefish diet
matched the corals in the tank, the cod stayed tucked away in their cave inside the tank. There's a
lot of work still to be done to understand how it works."
-Rathika.S (Third Year)
(COURTESY: Georgia Tech)

PAGE NO: 15

PAGE NO: 11

PAGE NO: 16

33

PAGE NO: 17

PAGE NO: 18
NOV
ISSUE

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

The killer is Richard. His studio/classroom logs matched
that of the time Ananya left her dormitory. He must
have been the only one with that brand of graphite on
him since Cumberland is an UK brand and none of the
other witnesses were seen using that brand of pencils.
Richards motive was to steal the work of Ananya and
plagiarize her 18 storey model. That is why he rejected
Ananyas design from the time of submission. He had a
motive of collaborating with Jasper, his brother to work
on it. When Ananya put up a fight, she was attacked by
Richard with his nearest weapon and hence explains the
exsanguination. Melvins name was checked out of the
suspect list since his name was not found on any registers
that were verified for the case. Nikhil was proven
innocent since his car was later found and proved to be
his & the rental car was proven to be rented by Richard.
This double-proved that Richard was the convict. The
case was correctly solved by Syed Naveen (Third Year)

2. (R)adiation
3. Metastasis
5. Gastric
9. Sporadic
10. Hodgkin
11. Apoptosis
16. Leukemia
18. Colon Cancer
19. Myelogenous
20. Mesothelioma

D
O
W
N

1. Haematogenous
4. Epigenetic
6. Paraneoplastic
7. Growth Hormones
8. Carcinoge(n)
12. Neoplasms
13. Oncogene
14. Papilloma
15. Compounding
17. Progesterone

1. (A) - Ozone (O3)

(B) - Lead Sulphate (PbSo4)
(C) - Barium Oxide (BaO)
(D) - Water (H2O)
2. (A) - Ammonia (NH3)
(B) - Nitric Acid (HNO3)
- Correctly answered by Y.Sana
Mariyambe (Third Year)

BEHIND THE SCENES

STAFF COORDINATOR:
R.Jayasree, Professor,
Department Of Biotech
CHIEF EDITORS:
* SP.Shiny Paul (3rd Year)
* K.Sriram (3rd Year)

EDITORIAL TEAM:
* Anamika Sharma (2nd Year)
* Swarna Gowri (2nd Year)
* PN.Guru Raj (3rd Year)
* RA.Vignesh (3rd Year)
LAYOUT DESIGNER:
Dharani.R (3rd Year)

Awaiting your comments and suggestions

At recbiosnippet@gmail.com

Rajalakshmi Engineering College:

# Rajalakshmi Nagar,
Thandalam, Chennai - 602 105.
Phone: 91 44 37181111, 37181112
Fax: 91 44 37181113
E-mail: admin@rajalakshmi.edu.in
Website: www.rajalakshmi.org
Administrative Office:
# 69 New Avadi Road,
Kilpauk, Chennai-600 010.
Phone: 91 44 2644 2472 / 2646 1316
91 44 3058 6900 / 01 / 02 / 03 / 04
Fax: 91 44 2644 5151
E-mail: cityoffice@rajalakshmi.edu.in

A
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