TEXT TYPES

Name :
NOVIKA DYAH PRATIWI

Class :
XII A3

SMA NEGERI 1 BANJARMASIN

2009/2010
TEXT TYPES

1. NARRATIVE

2. RECOUNT

3. DESCRIPTIVE

4. REPORT

5. EXPLANATION

6. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

7. HORTATORY EXPOSITION

8. PROCEDURE

9. DISCUSSION

10. REVIEW

11. ANECDOTE

12. SPOOF

13. NEWS ITEM

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 1. NARRATIVE
 Purpose:
To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
 Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Complication
4. Resolution
5. Reorientation
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged

Example :
The Myth of Malin Kundang

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and
her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent
because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang
had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to
catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the
town.
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was
being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and
power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to
him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life,
Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was
helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too.
When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village.
The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has
become rich and now he is here”.
An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin
Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so
long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his
well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three
times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last
Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a
dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old
mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he
didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too
late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell
on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned
into a stone.
(Re-written from www.st.rim.or.jp)

Analyzing the Text

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Generic Structure
Many believe that a story can teach a society certain moral value. Most stories are build
in narrative. Because it is a narrative story, it must consists of complication. That
complication, in fact, is the moral value which like to be taught.

• Orientation
the first paragraph is set to be the story introduction. Reading the orientation, reader will
know that the story is characterized with Malin Kundang and his mother. Wes Sumatra is
set as the place.

• Complication
this is the main element of narrative story. From the Malin Kundang myth, we know that
there are more than one complication. Many stories are composed with multi
complications. They are minor complication and major complication. When Malin
Kundang and her mother did life hard, it can be the minor complication. this hard life in
the first time was solved by his successful trading as new merchant. However this
narrative sotry is more interesting when we see the major complication among the
participants- Malin Kundang denied his mother after being successful merchant. In every
story, complication must be ended; happy ending or sad one

• Resolution
this is the end of the story, the sad ending one. Malin Kundang faces his curse of turning
into a stone

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 2. RECOUNT
 Purpose:
To retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past
event
 Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives

Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling something in the past so
narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple
Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in
chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in story book;
myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in biography.
The thing that makes narrative and recount different is the structure in which they are
constructed. Narrative uses conflicts among the participants whether natural conflict,
social conflict or psychological conflict. In some ways narrative text combines all these
conflicts. In the contrary, we do not find these conflicts inside recount text. Recount
applies series of event as the basic structure.

Example:
My Horrible Experience

Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week. When

the earthquake happened, I was on my car. I was driving home from my vocation to Bali.
Suddenly my car lunched to one side, to the left. I thought I got flat tire. I did not know
that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an earthquake when I saw some telephone and
electricity poles falling down to the ground, like matchsticks.
Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbling across the road. I was trapped by the rock. Even I
could not move my car at all. There were rocks everywhere. There was nothing I could do
but left the car and walked along way to my house, in the town.
When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost nothing left. The
earthquake made a lot of damage to my town. Although nothing was left, I thanked God
that nobody was seriously injured.

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis

• Orientation; introducing the participant, using first person point of view, I
was on the car las week.
• Events; describing a series of event which happened. The car lunched to
one side. Telephone and electricity poles was falling down, etc.
• Re-orientation; stating the writer's personal note. Thanking God because
nobody was seriously injured.
Language Feature Analysis
• Using personal participant; I
• Using chronological connectives; then, and, suddenly
• Using linking verb; was, were
• Using action verb; moved, left, walked, made, etc
• Using simple past tense pattern; earthquake happened, I was on the car, my car
lunched on one side, etc

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 3. DESCRIPTIVE
 Purpose:
To describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
 Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

Example:
Jatim Park

For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is
one of the famous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation
place as well as a study center.

Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too
difficult because the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park
tourism object is about 22 hectares width.

Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give new
knowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘Galeri
Nusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, which
contains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of Kiai
Hasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.

The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop and
rareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been
conserved, and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etc

Jatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offer
precious tour and can used as alternative media of study.
Suited from:www.eastjava.com/tourism/batu/jatim-park.html

4. REPORT

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  Purpose:
To presents information about something, as it is.
 Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description
 Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense

Example:
Human Body Energy

Human body is actually a living machine and is like all other

machines. This living machine needs fuel to supply it with energy. The fuel is provided
by the food which we eat. However do we know how much we need to stay healthy?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount
of heat which is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C. The
number of calories which people need per day varies. It depends on the activity which the
people are involved in. For example; people will need more calories for standing than for
sitting, people need more for running than for walking, etc.
The energy which is provided by food is in the form of three kinds of chemical
substances. They are carbohydrate, protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 8.8 calories
per gram (cal/gm) of energy, protein 4.0 cal/gm and fat 8.0 cal/gm. Each food contains
different proportion of these substances.These three chemical substances are all important
for body staying healthy.

Report Text Notes

Report often starts discussion with brief definition or classification about the thing
discussed. The first paragraph matches with the brief definition of body energy.
After brief definition or classification paragraph, report text is commonly followed by the
important fact about the topic. The second and third paragraphs tell the important
information about the body energy; how it comes from and what form it is available.
Report text is commonly featuring technical or scientific term. Calories, carbohydrate,
protein, fat etc are some of the example.

5. EXPLANATION
 Purpose:

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 To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural
or socio-cultural phenomena.
 Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
 Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms

Example:

Jakarta as a Bad Working Place for Expatriates

Jakarta is the second-worst place for expatriates to work in outside of the United States of
America, Canada and Western Europe. It is according to a recent report published by
Businessweek.

The Businessweek report ranked emerging markets that might be challenging to move
into due to their level of pollution, disease, political violence and availability of good and
services.

The report ranked Jakarta second, just below lagos in Nageria and above Riyadh Saudi
Arabia, saying the threat of violence from extremest, in particular, was serious drawback
to living in Jakarta. Bombings targeting foreign interests in Jakarta, such as the JW
Marriot hotel bombing in 2003, have been repeated elsewhere in the city.

The report said despite problem common to many developing cities such as the risk of
disease, poor sanitation, and excessive pollution, Indonesia can be an enticing location.

In response, the Jakarta administration took the report positively, saying it could spur the
administration to improve its performance.

(Simplified from www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/04/15/)

6. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
 Purpose:
To reveal the readers that something is the important case
 Generic Structure:
1. Thesis

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 2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition

Example:

Writing Is a Great for Money Online Text

The emergence of the internet has given internet entrepreneurs many ways to
make money. Writers are one group that have benefited from their talents as a result in
the rise of internet based jobs.

Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money online. determined by the
owner of the blog. They are very popular because of the blogs are usually written on a
certain subject area but can vary as its content is heir simplicity to get up and running.
There are many free websites out there that will help you set up your own blog if you
choose to go that route because blog plus advertisement is a potential money

Article writing is also a good money to earn money online. Make sure to gear your
articles to promote and advertise you own business ventures. These articles are a free way
to market the products and services you offer for free. The most effective advertising with
these articles comes from the dialogue box that is inserted at the end of each article.
These dialogue boxes contain links to basically any website you would like to drive
traffic to. For instance, you might have one link in your dialogue box to a product you are
selling and one to a blog where you are promoting a discussing other products.

Writing takes some time to gain credibility through but once it's done' earning potential
can become very powerful.

Simplified from: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michael_Noto

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis

• Thesis; Writing is good in making money online

• Argument 1; blog is a potentially earning money
• Argumant 2; writing articles is good in earning money
• Conclusion; credible writer is powerful to make money online

Language Feature Analysis

• Simple present tense; Blog writing is an increasingly popular way to earn money
online, Writing takes some time to gain credibility, etc
• Causal conjunction ; because, etc

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 7. HORTATORY EXPOSITION
 Purpose:
To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or
be done.
 Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
 Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense

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 2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition

Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition. In simple
word. Analytical is the answer of "How is/will" while hortatory is the answer of "How
should". Analytical exposition will be best to describe "How will student do for his
examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the question" How should
student do for his exam?" will be good to be answered with hortatory. It is to convince
that the thing should be done

Example:

Should not Bring Mobile Phone to School

Recently most people own mobile phone. Why does mobile phone
user increase dramatically in recent years? First, the feature and functions has increased.
Mobile phone is not used just for calling, but sending text, taking pictures, recording
videos, accessing internet, playing games and much more. Second, mobile phone has also
become a lot cheaper. Now this communication device does not only fill the pocket of
adult but also teenager and student. Even a lot phones are intentionally designed to
teenaged market. However should they be allowed to bring them to school?

Many schools do not allow students to bring cell phones to school. It is very
reasonable because bringing phone to school potentially disrupts the learning process.
Most students use cell phones irresponsibly. They use cell phones to talk to their friend
during class time. They also use the calculator and camera features in the class as well.
Those potentially lead less concentration in the time of learning and teaching process.

Students go to school to learn and behave fair way. Mobile phones provide a large
temptation to cheat in tests. They can communicate to anyone and almost anywhere in the
world. Because of the small size of the cell phone, students can send a text quietly and
discreetly. The text can go unnoticed anywhere to get help on answering tests, homework,
and other class assignment. Learning in school is to behave fair not cheating.

Therefore, schools should ban students from bringing their cell phones. However
it should be done fairly. In case of an emergency some student need a call for help,
providing easy access to phone is better.

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 8. PROCEDURE
 Purpose:
To help readers how to do or make something completely.
 Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms

Example:

Planting Chilies

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 Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The following is guided information
on how to plant a chili-plant easily. Here are the steps.
Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight.
Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be in open area.
Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after that let it be bigger.
Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow bigger and bigger and yield us some
fresh chilies soon.

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis
Goal; informing on how to plant chillies.
Material; excluded
Steps; showing the steps or method in planting chillies; from drying seed to putting the
sprout in big pot.

language Feature Analysis

Imperative sentences; dry a handful seeding, put it, etc
Action verb; put, dry, etc
Temporal conjunction; next, finally, firstly, secondly
Simple present tense pattern; planting is a nice activity, the following is a guided
information

9. DISCUSSION
 Purpose:
To present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an
issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
 Generic Structure:
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner

Example:
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

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Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power
produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of
energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages
of nuclear plant are as follow:

• It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

• It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
• It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
• It produces small amount of waste.
• It is reliable.
• My horrible experience

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried
for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable,
a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca
be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the
fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

Note on the Generic Structure of Discussion Text

Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important
to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities,
discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought,
perception and recommendation.
This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the advantage and
disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which need to
be talked and discussed from two points. They are represented in the generic structure
which is used:
• Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear
power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.

• Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages

of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world's energy needed.

• Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the
contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.

• Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on

how people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.

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 10. REVIEW
 Purpose:
To critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience.
 Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
 Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor

Example:

2012 Film Review

2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-of-days
prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.

2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when
Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers
crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying
sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment

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malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.

Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In
2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom.
However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his
trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky.
Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as
the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing
the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio
prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon.

All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-
worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam
Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.
Simplified from:
www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/2012-film-review-1004041300.story

11. ANECDOTE
 Purpose:
To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident.
 Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions

Example:
Blessing Behind Tragedy

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with
nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They
were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but
finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats
for the whole family member in a new liner to America.

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America.
However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The
doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being
quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The
family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had
planned.

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The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship
leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his
son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic,
had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called
the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog,
they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked
him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind
a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis

• Abstract:

Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true,
there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we
do?

• Orientation:

The Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They
prepared well for their plan

• Crisis:

Few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It
made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

• Incident:

The family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his
son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not
accept it.

• Coda:

The father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because
of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a
tragedy but a blessing.

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 12. SPOOF
 Purpose:
To tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers
 Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

Example:
Loving Money Too Much

There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his
life and wanted to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it
came to his money. He loved money more than just about anything.
Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you
to take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the
afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died, she
would put all the money in the casket with him.
Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife
was sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the
ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said "Wait
just a minute!"
She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the
casket. After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long
after that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the
casket."

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The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she
continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that casket
with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put every cent of
his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I did. I got it all
together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a check."
(Re-written from www.onlyfunnystories.com)

Analyzing the Text

Notice on Generic structure of spoof sample

Spoof text is very similar to recount text. Both spoof and recount tell about the past event
with chronological order. Its purpose is to amuse reader with funny story. The story
mostly is ended with an unpredictable event.
The above spoof sample has generic structure as follow:
• Orientation: It is the introduction of the story. By giving the orientation,
reader will recognize, for the first time, who involves in the story.The above story
talks about a wife and his husband who loves money too much even up to his death.
• Events: Several events are explored in chronological way which able to
arrange the story read nicely.Promising with her money miser husband, Putting the
box inside casket, locking and rolling the casket are the events which build the
complete story.
• Twist: This is the unpredictable event/thing/way which amuse the reader.
Readers even did not predict before that it would be. When reading the above story,
for the first, readers likely think that the wife would put all the money instead of just
a check.
13. NEWS ITEM
 Purpose:
To inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important.
 Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
 Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

Example:
Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms

Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a

condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
“This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get
exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad
was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to
them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day,
which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for
HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were
diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian

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have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily
rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying
besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected
unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can
protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they
know they have HIV” she said.
(Source The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008)

www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/04/15/)
EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michael_Noto
www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/2012-film-review-1004041300.story
www.onlyfunnystories.com
The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008
www.st.rim.or.jp
understandingtext.blogspot.com

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