For Long distance onshore hydrocarbon transportation, the most economic

recommend mode:
Pipelines, Rail, Road tanker, Ship/Barge
Right-of-way may use:
Multiple lines, single line, none
In the construction of the long-run cost function, the principal fixed cost
components are as follows:
Those that change with pipe diameter;
Scheduled maintenance cost
Break down maintenance cost
Economic diameter is
Directly proportional to specific gravity of fluid, inversely proportional to specific
gravity of fluid does not have any effect.
Economic diameter is
Directly proportional to Viscosity of fluid, inversely proportional to viscosity of
fluid, Does not have any effect.
Presence of water vapors in gas, the Heat value of unit mass:
Increases, decreases, no effect
The facilities piping code is governed by:
ANSI-[(B31.3), (B31.4) , (B31.8)],
The liquid pipelines are governed by:
ANSI-[(B31.3), (B31.4) , (B31.8)],
The Gas pipelines are governed by:
ANSI-[(B31.3), (B31.4), (B31.8)],
Risers are constructed for
Process/unmanned well platform fluid flow, Subsea completed manifold, onshore
process plants
Hydraulic Shock/ surge and Water hammering in Pipes
Increases, Decreases, Does not have effect (on the design pressure).
Compressibility factor is required for evaluation of power requirement for transportation
of
Liquid, Gas, solids
Presence of water vapor in Ethane compared with pure Ethane, will
(Increase, decrease, no effect) on compression power requirement
Ductility in the pipeline material physical property is an indication of
Brittleness, plasticity, yield strength
A check valve shall have a closure member(s) (as ball or a flapper) permit fluid to flow
In one direction only, in both directions, in none of the direction

The most common industry standard for steel linepipe is

API-5L. API-5A, API-5CT
Pressure Recorder Alarm is set at
Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure, less than Maximum Allowable Operating
Pressure, Equal to Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure.

For liquids, viscosity

Decreases with increasing temperature, Increases with increase in temperature, no effect on
change due to change in temperature
Vapor pressure is
The pressure exerted by the vapor in liquid phase in a confined container at a given
temperature, The pressure exerted by the vapor phase of a liquid in a confined container at
a given temperature, None of the above
Vapor pressure
Decreases with temperature, Increases with temperature, No effect due to change of system
temperature
After a weld is made,
Does not matter later or earlier , It is examined to ensure integrity of the weld before laying
into the trench; It is examined to ensure integrity of the weld before laying into the trench,
Pipelines are coated primarily to protect them
Against erosion, against corrosion, against expansion due to temperature variations.

J lay barge used for laying pipeline in

Shallow water, Deep sea water, in both conditions, none of the conditions

The pipeline is to be put into operation

Before commissioning of pipeline, After Pigging of pipeline, after certification that all
relevant codes have been followed,