BARUCH SPINOZA

M. CARBAJAL

Descartes: Logical Proposition 1

God must exist and if he does he is an infinite and perfect being.

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 2

If God is infinite then He cannot have boundaries, nor can he

have limits, for if he had he would be finite.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 3

So there cannot be anything that God is not.

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 4

It cannot be that God is one entity and the world quite another,
for this would be to place limit's on God's being.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 5

So therefore, God must be co-extensive with everything that

exists.

Descartes: Logical Proposition 6

Substance is that which needs nothing outside itself in order to

exist.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7
The totality of everything (substance) is the only thing that has
nothing outside itself.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.1

Within this totality (substance) everything we seek to

understand has to be explained, at least partially.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.2

We typically link things with other things (causality).

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.3

The only entity of which this is not, and cannot, be so is the

totality of everything (substance).
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.4

This must simple be, in and for itself, unexplained by anything

else.

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.5

It must be unconnected with anything else, for there is nothing

else.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 7.6

Therefore, it is the only true substance, the only uncaused cause.

This is........ God.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 8

Our religious conceptions and descriptions of planets and other

material objects are in essence really describing the same thing.
They are in actuality............... "two sides of the same coin."
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 8.1

The first (1st) category is the abstracted, the mental.

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 8.2

The second (2nd) category is the material.

Spinoza: Logical Proposition 8.3

These categories are merely two different ways of describing the

same reality. The same existent entity is being seen under two
different aspects.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 8.4

Therefore, according to Spinoza's logic:

1. God is not outside the world

2. But, He is not inside the world either
3. He is the world
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 9

The actions of individuals are determined by factors outside his

or her control.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 9.1

Spinoza argued that our everyday sense of being free agents is

an illusion based on the fact that we are not for the most part
aware of the real causes of our actions.
Spinoza: Logical Proposition 9.2

Acquiring this awareness of the illusion through reflection can

liberate us, by giving us understanding and insight, thus
enabling us to come to terms.