Heat Pinch Targeting the minimum heat utility required for the

CHCP stsyem
Based on the calculated energy balances , 1 hot streams and 3 cold streams can be identified.
The details are tabulated as below:
Stream
Supply Temperature, Target Temperature,
Heat Capacity Flow
Ts
Tt
Rate
No
Type
(C)
(C)
(KW.K-1 )
.
1
2
3
4

Hot
Cold
Cold
Cold

200
30
30
30

30
200
200
180

5.423
5.571
4.399
18.967

Before proceed to the pinch design, a minimum temperature, T min between the closet point
between the hot and cold composite curve has to be decided first. The values of T min will
result in a lower hot and cold utility requirement, and this helps to target the minimum energy
usage. For this experiment Tmin of 10C has been selected for this process.
Stream

N
o.

Supply
Temperat
ure, Ts

Target
Temperat
ure, Tt

(C)

(C)

Typ
e

Shifted
Supply
Temperature
,T*s
(C)

Shifted Target
Temperature,
T*t

Heat Capacity
Flow Rate

(C)

(KW.K-1 )

1
2

Hot
200
30
190.0
20.0
5.269
Col
30
200
40.0
210.0
5.571
d
3
Col
30
240
40.0
210.0
3.562
d
4
Col
25
180
35.0
190.0
18.967
d
To target the pinch temperature, Problem Table Algorithm is used due to the reason that it is
more accurate and more convenient as compared to graphical method
Shift
Tempe
rature

Interv
al

T(i+1)Ti

mC
pnet

dH

kW/
K

kW

Infeasible
Cascade

210
1

20

9.96
97

199.39
4

40

150

23.5
132

3526.9
868

199.394

dema
nd

190

Feasible
Cascade

PINCH

3726.3
81

-199.394
199.39
4

3526.99

dema
nd

3526.9
87

-3526.99
-

3726.3
8
3

20

5.42
35

108.46
91

20

Information obtained from table 3:

Pinch Temperature= 35C
Min Hot Utility = 3726.38 kW
Min Cold Utility = 108.47 kW

surpl
us

108.469
1

108.4691
3617.9
1

108.46
91

Figure 2 : Composite Curves (CC)

Figure 3: Shifted Composite Curves (CC)

Both the minimum utility requirement obtained from the heat cascade and the composite
curves are matching.

Figure 4: Grand Composite Curve (GCC)

It shows that the heat utility required from the turbine exhaust
will be 3726.4 kW.

CHCP system design and calculation

Based on the GCC shown above, Heat flow required from the turbine exhaust = 3726.4 kW
From the steam table, the inlet conditions at T1 = 297 C and 40 bars are:

H 1=2950

kJ
kG

S 1=6.341

kJ
kG

Therefore, turbine outlet condition considering isentropic expansion to 210 C using steam
table
is:

P=19.06 bars
S 2=6.341

kJ
kG

The wetness fraction (X) can now be calculated using the equation:

S 2=S LX + ( 1 X )S g
6.341 = X*2.245 + (1-X)*6.358
X = 0.1060
The turbine outlet enthalpy for an isentropic expansion can now be calculated from:

H 2=H LX + ( 1X )H g
H 2=897.8X + ( 1 X )2798
H 2=2596.53 kJ / kg
Now, if we consider a double stage expansion with isentropic efficiency of 78 %(based on the
calculation of efficiency for turbine), then: IS = 0.78

H '2=H 1 IS( H 1H 2 )
H '2=

2950 0.78*(2950 2596.53)

H '2=2674.28 kJ / kg
Now, we have to assume that the saturated steam and condensate are separated after the
turbine and
the only the saturated steam is used for processing heating.

Steam flow to the process :

3726.4 kW
( 2798897.8 ) =1.96 kg/ s
1
kg
s
=
wetness
1.96

Steam flow through turbine:

2.098 kg /s

*Superheated steam cannot be used for process heating due to:

Gives up little heat until it has cooled to saturation temperature.

Creates temperature gradients over the heat transfer surface as it cools to saturation temperature.

Provides lower rates of heat transfer whilst the steam is superheated.

Requires larger heat transfer areas.