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Geotechnical applications
K0, active & passive states
Rankines earth pressure theory
Lateral Support
In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to
prevent lateral soil movements.
Tie rod
Anchor
Sheet pile
Cantilever
retaining wall
Braced excavation
Lateral Support
We have to estimate the lateral soil pressures acting on
these structures, to be able to design them.
Gravity Retaining
wall
Soil nailing
Soil Nailing
Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
Sheet Pile
During installation
Lateral Support
Reinforced earth walls are increasingly becoming popular.
geosynthetics
Lateral Support
Crib walls have been used in Queensland.
filled with
soil
Interlocking
stretchers
and headers
10
v
h
Estimating K0
For normally consolidated clays and granular soils,
K0 = 1 sin
For overconsolidated clays,
K0,overconsolidated = K0,normally consolidated OCR0.5
From elastic analysis,
K0
Poissons
ratio
12
Wall moves
towards soil
B
smooth wall
13
v
active earth
pressure
decreasing h
15
WJM Rankine
(1820-1872)
[h]active
Rankines coefficient of
active earth pressure
16
Failure plane is at
45 + /2 to horizontal
v
h
45 + /2
90+
[h]active
17
v z
h
K0 state
Active
state
wall movement
18
v
h
20
passive earth
pressure
v
increasing h
21
[h]passive
Rankines coefficient of
passive earth pressure
22
Failure plane is at
45 - /2 to horizontal
v
h
45 - /2
90+
[h]passive
23
v
h
Passive state
B
K0 state
wall movement
24
[h]passive
PA=0.5 KAH2
h
PP=0.5 KPh2
KPh
KAH
26
h
Passive state
Active state
K0 state
Wall movement
(not to scale)
28
Road
Train
29
highway
30
High-rise building
basement wall
31
plain concrete or
stone masonry
cobbles
33
Block no.
1
1
toe
toe
Wi = weight of block i
34
Fsliding
PP {Wi }. tan
soil-concrete friction
angle 0.5 0.7
PA
to be greater
than 1.5
2
PA
PA
PP
S
toe
h PP
toe
R
y
Foverturning
PP h / 3 {Wi xi }
PA H/3
to be greater
than 2.0
2
PA
PP
S
toe
h PP
R
S
toe
R
y
PA
Points to Ponder
How does the key help in improving the stability
against sliding?
37