Central Graben Ubicacion

Central Graben
Assessment Unit 40250103
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Norway
60
United
Kingdom
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Bergen
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100
200
Detailed map of this assessment unit

Exploration/Discovery-History Data
Plots of Known Field Sizes
Plots of Grown Resources
Tables
North
Sea
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Geologic Summary
Assessment Input Data

Assessment Results
Assessment Unit Summary
Detailed Assessment Results
Undiscovered Field-Size Distributions
300 KILOMETERS
Central Graben Assessment Unit 40250103

North Sea Graben Geologic Province 4025
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

ASSESSMENT 2000 DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS
U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team
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USGS PROVINCE: North Sea Graben (4025)
GEOLOGIST: D.L. Gautier
TOTAL PETROLEUM SYSTEM: Kimmeridgian Shales (402501)

ASSESSMENT UNIT: Central Graben (40250103)
DESCRIPTION: The total petroleum system and corresponding assessment unit coincide with the
extent of oil and gas accumulations and thermally mature, organic matter-rich marine shales of late
Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous age in and adjacent to the Central Graben of the northern North Sea.
SOURCE ROCKS: Virtually all significant oil and gas accumulations in the northern North Sea are
believed to have been generated within certain fine-grained, organic-carbon-rich marine strata of late
Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous age. These Kimmeridgian shales accumulated in oxygen-starved rift
basins and may locally thicken to 3000 m. The actual source rocks are black shales that display high
radioactivity and have total organic carbon (TOC) contents of 2 percent to 15 percent or more and
average about 5 percent TOC. The typical kerogen types within the hot shales are mixtures of organic
matter commonly described as Type II kerogen, reflecting a mixture of planktonic marine algae and
degraded terrigenous humic organic matter.
MATURATION: Burial of Central Graben source rocks has been more or less continuous from the
time of deposition until the present day. Some source rocks achieved thermal maturity with respect to
oil and gas generation as early as Late Cretaceous time and continuing to the present day in some areas.
Thus newly generated oil and gas has been available to traps almost continuously during post-early
Cretaceous Central Graben history. Locally, the continuous time-temperature process was interrupted
by structural inversion, also in Late Cretaceous time.
MIGRATION: The near-universal predominance of upper Jurassic marine shales as source rocks in
the Central Graben has resulted in a wide variety of migration styles and pathways, including
stratigraphically downward migration into pre-Jurassic reservoirs rocks in fault blocks.
RESERVOIR ROCKS: Pre-rift rocks as old as Devonian, and including nonmarine Carboniferous
fluvial sequences associated with the Coal Measures, Permian Rotliegendes sandstones, Zechstein
carbonates, and Triassic and lower Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks have been variously charged with
hydrocarbons. Middle and Upper Jurassic sandstones, deposited simultaneously with rifting in the
Central Graben, form significant reservoirs for fields such as Fulmar and Ula. These syn-rift reservoirs
include both shallow water and deep-water marine facies, evidently reflecting topography present during
the formation of the Central Graben rifts. Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones are also present,
having formed within the framework of the post-rift topography of the Central Graben. Chalk
reservoirs dominate the Upper Cretaceous to lowermost Danian strata of the Central Graben. The
most productive chalk reservoirs of the Central Graben occur in slump blocks and other structures
associated with salt tectonics. Paleogene submarine fan complexes provide reservoirs for some of the
most outstanding fields of the North Sea, including Forties.
Page 1
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TRAPS AND SEALS: Central Graben traps include fault blocks draped with Jurassic mudstones,
Cretaceous chalk, or shale of Tertiary age. In contrast to the Viking Graben and Moray Firth, salt
tectonics is responsible for much of the structural complexity that provides opportunities for
hydrocarbon entrapment. Stratigraphic traps are dominant in the upper Jurassic and younger
sandstones. Seals are Jurassic shale, Cretaceous chalk, or Tertiary shale.
REFERENCES:
Pegrum, R.M. and Spencer, A.M., 1990, Hydrocarbon plays in the northern North Sea, in
Brooks, Jim, ed., Classic petroleum provinces: London, The Geological Society Special
Publication 50, p. 441-470.
Abbotts, I.L., ed., 1991, United Kingdom Oil and Gas Fields 25 Years Commemorative Volume:
London, The Geological Society Memoir 14, p. 211-386.
Cornford, Chris, 1994, Mandal-Ekofisk(!) Petroleum System in the Central Graben of the North
Sea, in Magoon, L.B. and Dow, W.G., eds., The Petroleum Systemfrom source to trap:
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 60, p. 537-571.
Ziegler, P.A., 1990, Geological atlas of western and central Europe: Shell Internationale
Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., 239 p.
Page 2
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4025
58
40250103
4023
4027
56
4028
North Sea
4036
54
75 KILOMETERS
Central Graben
Assessment Unit - 40250103
EXPLANATION
4025
Hydrography
Shoreline
Geologic province code and boundary
Country boundary
Gas field centerpoint
40250103
Oil field centerpoint
Projection: Robinson. Central meridian: 0
Assessment unit
code and boundary
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SEVENTH APPROXIMATION
NEW MILLENNIUM WORLD PETROLEUM ASSESSMENT
DATA FORM FOR CONVENTIONAL ASSESSMENT UNITS
Date:..
Assessment Geologist:..
Region:..
Province:
Priority or Boutique.
Total Petroleum System:
Assessment Unit:
* Notes from Assessor
8/3/99
D.L. Gautier
Europe
North Sea Graben
Priority
Kimmeridgian Shales
Central Graben
MMS growth function.
Number: 4
Number: 4025
Number: 402501
Number: 40250103
CHARACTERISTICS OF ASSESSMENT UNIT

Oil (<20,000 cfg/bo overall) or Gas (>20,000 cfg/bo overall):
Oil
What is the minimum field size?.

2
mmboe grown (>1mmboe)
(the smallest field that has potential to be added to reserves in the next 30 years)
Number of discovered fields exceeding minimum size:
Established (>13 fields)
X
Frontier (1-13 fields)
Median size (grown) of discovered oil fields (mmboe):
1st 3rd
Median size (grown) of discovered gas fields (bcfg):
1st 3rd
Oil:
128
Gas:
61
Hypothetical (no fields)
76.5
2nd 3rd
15.9
3rd 3rd
59.7
290
2nd 3rd
498
3rd 3rd
224
Assessment-Unit Probabilities:
Attribute
Probability of occurrence (0-1.0)
1. CHARGE: Adequate petroleum charge for an undiscovered field > minimum size
1.0
2. ROCKS: Adequate reservoirs, traps, and seals for an undiscovered field > minimum size
1.0
3. TIMING OF GEOLOGIC EVENTS: Favorable timing for an undiscovered field > minimum size
1.0
Assessment-Unit GEOLOGIC Probability (Product of 1, 2, and 3):.........
1.0
4. ACCESSIBILITY: Adequate location to allow exploration for an undiscovered field

> minimum size......
1.0
UNDISCOVERED FIELDS
Number of Undiscovered Fields: How many undiscovered fields exist that are > minimum size?:
(uncertainty of fixed but unknown values)
Oil fields:min. no. (>0)
Gas fields:.min. no. (>0)
30
15
median no.
median no.
125
60
max no.
max no.
300
150
max. size
max. size
1000
4000
Size of Undiscovered Fields: What are the anticipated sizes (grown) of the above fields?:
(variations in the sizes of undiscovered fields)
Oil in oil fields (mmbo)..min. size
Gas in gas fields (bcfg):min. size
2
12
Page 1
median size
median size
15
70

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Assessment Unit (name, no.)

Central Graben, 40250103
AVERAGE RATIOS FOR UNDISCOVERED FIELDS, TO ASSESS COPRODUCTS
(uncertainty of fixed but unknown values)
Oil Fields:
minimum
median
Gas/oil ratio (cfg/bo)...
400
800
NGL/gas ratio (bngl/mmcfg).....
30
60
Gas fields:
Liquids/gas ratio (bngl/mmcfg).....
Oil/gas ratio (bo/mmcfg).
minimum
25
median
50
SELECTED ANCILLARY DATA FOR UNDISCOVERED FIELDS

(variations in the properties of undiscovered fields)
Oil Fields:
minimum
median
API gravity (degrees)..
20
38
Sulfur content of oil (%).....
Drilling Depth (m) ......
250
3200
Depth (m) of water (if applicable).....
10
75
Gas Fields:
Inert gas content (%).....
CO2 content (%).....
Hydrogen-sulfide content (%)....
Drilling Depth (m)
Depth (m) of water (if applicable).
maximum
1200
90
maximum
75
maximum
50
5000
150
minimum
median
maximum
800
10
3200
75
6000
150
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Assessment Unit (name, no.)

Central Graben, 40250103
ALLOCATION OF UNDISCOVERED RESOURCES IN THE ASSESSMENT UNIT
TO COUNTRIES OR OTHER LAND PARCELS (uncertainty of fixed but unknown values)
1.
United Kingdom
represents
38.1
Oil in Oil Fields:

Richness factor (unitless multiplier):...
Volume % in parcel (areal % x richness factor):
Portion of volume % that is offshore (0-100%)
minimum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
2.
Norway
represents
24.7
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
maximum
areal % of the total assessment unit

median
maximum
median
maximum
30
100
represents
22.5
minimum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum
Denmark
median
40
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

4.
maximum
30
100
minimum
Netherlands
median
50
100
Oil in Oil Fields:

3.

median
maximum
6
100
median
maximum
25
100
represents
8.2
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum

median
maximum
2
100
median
maximum
7
100
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5.
Germany
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represents
6.5
Oil in Oil Fields:

minimum
Gas in Gas Fields:

minimum

median
maximum
2
100
median
maximum
8
100
Page 4

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Central Graben, AU 40250103

Undiscovered Field-Size Distribution
35
UNDISCOVERED OIL FIELDS (No.)
Minimum field size: 2 MMBO

30
Mean number of
undiscovered fields: 134.3
25
20
15
10
0
2-<4
4-<8
8-<16
16-<32
32-<64
64-<128
128-<256 256-<512
512<1024
1024<2048
OIL-FIELD SIZE (MMBO)

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Central Graben, AU 40250103

Undiscovered Field-Size Distribution
UNDISCOVERED GAS FIELDS (No.)
18
16
Minimum field size: 12 BCFG
14
Mean number of
undiscovered fields: 65
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12-<24
24-<48
48-<96
96-<192
192-<384 384-<768
768<1536
1536<3072
3072<6144
6144<12288
GAS-FIELD SIZE (BCFG)


Central Graben Ubicacion

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Central Graben Ubicacion

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Central Graben

Assessment Unit 40250103

Detailed map of this assessment unit

Assessment Input Data

Central Graben Assessment Unit 40250103

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

USGS PROVINCE: North Sea Graben (4025)

GEOLOGIST: D.L. Gautier

TOTAL PETROLEUM SYSTEM: Kimmeridgian Shales (402501)

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

CHARACTERISTICS OF ASSESSMENT UNIT

What is the minimum field size?.

Hypothetical (no fields)

4. ACCESSIBILITY: Adequate location to allow exploration for an undiscovered field

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

Assessment Unit (name, no.)

SELECTED ANCILLARY DATA FOR UNDISCOVERED FIELDS

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

Assessment Unit (name, no.)

Oil in Oil Fields:

Gas in Gas Fields:

Gas in Gas Fields:

areal % of the total assessment unit

Gas in Gas Fields:

Oil in Oil Fields:

Oil in Oil Fields:

areal % of the total assessment unit

areal % of the total assessment unit

Oil in Oil Fields:

Gas in Gas Fields:

areal % of the total assessment unit

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

Oil in Oil Fields:

Gas in Gas Fields:

areal % of the total assessment unit

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

Central Graben, AU 40250103

UNDISCOVERED OIL FIELDS (No.)

Minimum field size: 2 MMBO

OIL-FIELD SIZE (MMBO)

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

Central Graben, AU 40250103

UNDISCOVERED GAS FIELDS (No.)

Minimum field size: 12 BCFG

GAS-FIELD SIZE (BCFG)

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WORLD PETROLEUM

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