THE MODERN PHARAOH IN ARAB WORLD (EGYPT)

Pharaoh is the Egyptian government ruler that ruled the earth for thousands
of years. In this era, Egypt was ruled by the succession of president sand one
president who has held the position of the Egyptian government in modern time
was Hosni Mubarak. His real name is Sayyid Muhammad Hosni Mubarak, he was
born on May 4, 1928 which is in Kafr-El Meselha, Egypt. He was upper middleclass
family. In 1940, Hosni Mubarak received military education of the two military-based
school of the National Military Academy (National Military Academy Egypt) and the
Air Force Academy (Air Force Academy Egypt) and the (National Military Academy
and Air Force Academy). In 1950, he was accepted o be part of the Air Force as a
pilot and then in1969 he was appointed as head of air force personnel. Hosni
Mubarak step forward again when he was promoted to Chief Commander of the
Egyptian air force in 1972.
He was involved in the political world at the beginning with the vice president
of the Egyptian President Anwar Saadat in 1975. Then, in 1978 Hosni Mubarak
chosen to be vice chairman of the National Democratic Party (NDP) and won in
election at that time .Thus, became the ruling party for the people of Egypt. When
Anwar Sadat was assassinated, Mubarak is already the leader of the National
Democratic Party and has a strong influence on the Egyptian government. His
ambition to become President of Egypt made easier with no one to challenge him to
take the position. Finally, on October 14, 1981, he was promoted to president of the
Arab Republic of Egypt and successfully defended his position for seven consecutive
terms without and the position does not change hands in the course of his reign.
After the death of Anwar Sadat, Mubarak seemed like Anwar Sadat and
Gamal Abdel Nasir that emphasizes more on the national or nation-based struggles
and the Arab region alone. Hosni Mubarak has continued the policy of the existing
rule and not make any major evolving in the policy or policies of the Egyptian
administration. Among the government policy is still maintained by Hosni Mubarak
is to close the entrance to Rafah (Palestine), Mubarak has extended the agreement
Egypt-Rafah border closure with the administration of the State of Israel and still
retain their status as allies of Israel.
Mubarak at the same time still establishing close ties with the White House
administration (United States) and also among the allies close White House
administration. This resulted, many Palestinian refugees cannot enter into Egypt to
obtain food, clothing, clean water, medicines and shelter, particularly the children,
women and old people. Mubarak's action continued the policy adopted by the
former Egyptian president, was criticized by Arab countries and some of the other

Arab countries to break diplomatic relations with Egypt and to close their embassies
in Cairo, Egypt.
Since Hosni Mubarak, in power of Egypt, the Egyptian economy relies heavily
on the United States and Israel and its allies. In return, the United States and its
allies, especially Israel gave financial assistance to the administration Hosni
Mubarak of each year, though the head of administration of these countries in turn.
Administration each year Hosni Mubarak announced that Egypt economy
remarkable growth, but the fact that all proceeds and profits funds have
monopolized the economy of Egypt and held by Hosni Mubarak and his Cabinet
Line. Each year he has been distributing subsidies to the people of Egypt,
particularly of food, but it was not enough to cover daily expenses especially with
the rising prices of goods every year.
This caused many Egyptians who have sought employment opportunities in
other countries like the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Bahrain, Turkey,
Syria and countries in Europe continental. Every public servant salaries have been
darkened by the Mubarak of Egypt and the money distributed to the colonies he and
his family.Approximately forty percent of the people of Egypt to receive a salary of
two dollars (RM6) per day or per month on average they earn RM 180 to RM200.
This would lead to the Egyptian people living in impoverished conditions, especially
to those who have many family members.
Thus, causing many civil servants are also caught in the turmoil economy
also experienced by the people who are poor. In order to maintain his power,
Mubarak has imposed a strict and cruel actions on anyone who tried to fight and
argue his administration. For example, opposition party, Muslim Brotherhood in
Egypt, Hosni Mubarak has been banned since the party's leaders have criticized
him. To make matters worse, he had acted wrong with the party leaders imprisoned
and tortured them. This caused the opposition party activists had to quietly arrange
in secretly or underground.
In order to avoid the people rose up against him, Hosni Mubarak has been in
control of all mass media in Egypt, such as TV stations, radio stations, internet,
magazines, newspapers and telecommunications stations operating in Egypt. A
series of attempted murder Mubarak of Egypt has been done by the people
themselves and it should last at least six times a series of attempted murder but
the whole series of such attempts failed and he survived. After nearly 30 years as
the president of Egypt, on January 25, 2011, thousands of Egyptians rebelled and
rose up against Hosni Mubarak in a series of demonstrations and a majority of those
who participate in these demonstrations are among the younger generation.
While marching, the indicators mentioned feeling "Back Hosni Mubarak". The
demonstration was triggered from the revolutionary overthrow of El-Abidin Ben Ali in
Tunisia by the people of Tunisia and then inject the spirit of young Egyptians to do

the same thing on the president Hosni Mubarak. System of government of Egypt
under Mubarak is no different with the government of Tunisia before. They did the
persecution of the people, election fraud, the people of Egypt continued to stress
the life there.
The main issues raised by the protesters, firstly, President Hosni Mubarak did not
see yet can maintain its position as the leader of Egypt, by just doing the changes
as appointed vice president and appoint a new cabinet. If still remains, Hosni will
face huge problems and will lose the support of major powers and the international
community, and we continue to face the opposition of the people.
Second, the appointment of Omar Suleiman who has good relations with Israel and
the United States (including the role of the Extraordinary rendition) do not promise
anything positive to the people of Egypt but only in the interest of foreign powers
and Hosni himself.
The appointment of Omar it is not what is required and must be done. Third,
the U.S. has to act carefully in issuing a statement in relation to protests by trying to
balance support for the fundamental rights of citizens to push changes to the
regime of Hosni. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's statement last Friday trying to
balance and provide a field day in the future, any end to the regime of Hosni. It is
clear that Washington still supports the existing regime, but would continue her
relationship with the government after this if the current regime collapsed. When
the time comes, the U.S. will also insist Hosni retreat.
U.S. interests - and Israel - in Egypt is too big and seem like not limited to the
regime of Hosni. After Israel, Egypt is the largest recipient of U.S. military aid. In
fact, its importance is likely to be more protected and accessible under the new
government. Egypt's position as the first Arab country to recognize Israel, and the
most capable of fighting with Israel - especially because of the boundary factors making Egypt cannot be released by Washington. Palestine and Gaza is an issue
that most needed to make Egypt by Israel to cooperate with it, because Egypt is the
country that can enforce the blockade of Gaza besides Israel.
Crisis in the Arab Republic of Egypt has entered the third week. Perseverance
of the people of Egypt in order to survive hold demonstrations across the country,
based in Tahrir Square reflect their disappointment that the Mubarak regime
governed the country for 30 years. They ignored the negative and harmful effects of
the demonstrations conducted as economic instability, security threats, the
intervention of foreign powers and others. This is because they see the negative
and harmful effects Mubarak regime above all else . Determination the Mubarak
regime is to remain as president of Egypt until the elections of September 2011
reflects that he did not want to be remembered and recorded in the history of the
world as the government along with King Farouk, the Shah of Iran, Ferdinand
Marcos, Suharto, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and other which was overthrown by his own
people.

Various reasons are given in order to survive in power will cause the country
concerned, including Egypt, plunged in the mire of chaos. One reason that is too
fragile to be accepted because Egypt is now in the mire of chaos as long as he
reigned. Pressures faced by the Mubarak regime of these people remind us of the
reward from God for those in two-sided in Islam. General knowledge of the Mubarak
regime dictatorship and atrocities against the Palestinian people and Muslims in
particular.
Keep in mind, the West and Israel were not happy with the situation in Egypt now.
They knew that their survival is very dependent on the Middle East into Egypt they
took their stooges.

The fall of the Mubarak regime would have brought the fall of Israel after that.
They also know the instability of Egypt with the Suez Canal if prolonged would also
negatively affect their economic domination of the world. Therefore, one needs to
be done to restore stability in Egypt and at the same time maintain the continuity of
government can be their mount. Not weird if today we see the West, the United
States was determined to Hosni Mubarak to resign because they see the country's
stability will not happen except by his resignation. Hosni Mubarak later resignation
certainly will not threaten their position in the Middle East because they have a
qualified replacement candidates that Omar Sulaiman, who now is vice president of
Egypt. He was known to close and contributed a lot to Israel in the success of their
agenda.
Wealth Hosni Mubarak has been reported in an official website the Guardian world
news (about the wealth Hosni Mubarak). According to the report from that website
President Hosni Mubarak's family fortune could be as much as $70bn
(43.5bn) according to analysis by a Middle East expert, with much of his
wealth in British and Swiss banks or tied up in real estate in London, New
York, Los Angeles and along expensive tracts of the Red Sea coast. After 30
years as president and many more as a senior military official, Mubarak has
had access to investment deals that have generated hundreds of millions of
pounds in profits. Most of those gains have been taken offshore and
deposited in secret bank accounts or invested in upmarket homes and hotels.
According to a report last year in the Arabic newspaper Al Khabar, Mubarak
has properties in Manhattan and exclusive Beverly Hills addresses on Rodeo
Drive. His sons, Gamal and Alaa, are also billionaires. A protest outside Gamal
ostentatious home at 28 Wilton Place in Belgravia, central London,
highlighted the family's appetite for western trophy assets. Amaney Jamal, a
political science professor at Princeton University, said the estimate of $40bn70bn was comparable with the vast wealth of leaders in other Gulf countries.
Al Khabar said it understood the Mubarak kept much of their wealth offshore

in the Swiss bank UBS and the Bank of Scotland, part of Lloyds Banking
Group, although this information could be at least 10 years old.
There are only sketchy details of exactly where the Mubarak have generated
their wealth and its final destination. Christopher Davidson, professor of Middle East
politics at Durham University, said Mubarak, his wife, Suzanne, and two sons were
able to accumulate wealth through a number of business partnerships with foreign
investors and companies, dating back to when he was in the military and in a
position to benefit from corporate corruption. He said most Gulf States required
foreigners give a local business partner a 51% stake in start-up ventures. In Egypt,
the figure is commonly nearer 20%, but still gives politicians and close allies in the
military a source of huge profits with no initial outlay and little risk.
Almost every project needs a sponsor and Mubarak was well-placed to take
advantage of any deals on offer," he said. "Much of his money is in Swiss bank
accounts and London property. These are the favourites of Middle Eastern leaders
and there is no reason to think Mubarak is any different. Gamal's Wilton Place home
is likely to be the tip of the iceberg." Al Khabar named a series of major western
companies that, partnered with the Mubarak family, generated an estimated $15m
a year in profits. Aladdin Elaasar, author of The Last Pharaoh: Mubarak and the
Uncertain Future of Egypt in the Obama Age, said the Mubarak own several
residences in Egypt, some inherited from previous presidents and the monarchy,
and others the president has commissioned. Hotels and land around the Sharm elSheikh tourist resort are also a source of Mubarak family wealth. 1
As conclusion, from information that we get about Hosni Mubarak, we can say
that Dictator-style rule of tyranny practiced by Hosni Mubarak, is not unlike the
reign of Pharaoh once. During his time, not only cruel to the Egypt people but
Mubarak also violence against the Muslim people who live at Egyptian-Gaza border.
Unanswered question until now is, who will replace Hosni Mubarak after the sacking
of his Cabinet? Will Egypt with new president do any drastic change in the foreign
policy of the Egyptian especially to Palestine, White House and Israel? Or same like
Hosni Mubarak and other previous Egypt Presidents? We still waiting for answers
that questions.

1From www.guardian.co.uk.Mubarak family fortune could reach $70bn, says expert.

Retrieved on 8th October 2011.

REFERENCES
http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2009/12/200912693048491779.html
http://us.dunia.vivanews.com/news/read/201632-cobaan-terberat-hosni-mubarak
http://www.answers.com/topic/hosni-mubarak
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Mubarak.html
http://www.kaskus.us/showthread
http://www.kaskus.us/showthread
http://www.kaskus.us/showthread.
http://satuumat.blogspot.com/2011/02/sejarah-kekejaman-hosni-mubarak.html
http://satuumat.blogspot.com/2011/02/sejarah-kekejaman-hosni-mubarak.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/04/hosni-mubarak-family-fortune

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/feb/04/hosni-mubarak-family-fortune
http://www.dailyfinance.com/2011/02/10/hosni-mubaraks-economic-achievements/