Cranes - Mobile Cranes

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CranesMobilecranes
PREAMBLE(NOTPARTOFTHESTANDARD)
Inordertopromotepubliceducationandpublicsafety,equaljusticeforall,abetterinformedcitizenry,theruleoflaw,worldtradeandworld
peace,thislegaldocumentisherebymadeavailableonanoncommercialbasis,asitistherightofallhumanstoknowandspeakthelawsthatgovern
them.
ENDOFPREAMBLE(NOTPARTOFTHESTANDARD)
BRITISHSTANDARD
BSEN
13000:2004
CranesMobilecranes
TheEuropeanStandardEN13000:2004hasthestatusofaBritishStandard
ICS53.020.20
NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAW
ii
Nationalforeword
ThisBritishStandardistheofficialEnglishlanguageversionofEN13000:2004.ItsupersedesBS1757:1986whichiswithdrawn.
TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedbyTechnicalCommitteeMHE/3,Cranesandderricks,toSubcommitteeMHE/3/5,Mobile
cranes,whichhastheresponsibilityto:
aidenquirerstounderstandthetext
presenttotheresponsibleinternational/Europeancommitteeanyenquiriesontheinterpretation,orproposalsforchanges,and
keepUKinterestsinformed
monitorrelatedinternationalandEuropeandevelopmentsandpromulgatethemintheUK.
Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthissubcommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitssecretary.
Crossreferences
TheBritishStandardswhichimplementinternationalorEuropeanpublicationsreferredtointhisdocumentmaybefoundintheBSICatalogue
underthesectionentitledInternationalStandardsCorrespondenceIndex,orbyusingtheSearchfacilityoftheBSIElectronicCatalogueorof
BritishStandardsOnline.
Thispublicationdoesnotpurporttoincludeallthenecessaryprovisionsofacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.
CompliancewithaBritishStandarddoesnotofitselfconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.
Summaryofpages
Thisdocumentcomprisesafrontcover,aninsidefrontcover,theENtitlepage,pages2to108,aninsidebackcoverandabackcover.
TheBSIcopyrightnoticedisplayedinthisdocumentindicateswhenthedocumentwaslastissued.
Amendmentsissuedsincepublication
Amd.No.
Date
Comments
Key:=mandatory,=ifrequired,=notrelevant,L=loadtest,F=functionalcheck,V=visualcheck
ThisBritishStandardwaspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon4January2006
BSI4January2006
ISBN0580472728
iii
EUROPEANSTANDARD
NORMEEUROPENNE
EUROPISCHENORM
EN13000
June2004
ICS53.020.20
Englishversion
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/003/bs.en13000.2004.html
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CranesMobilecranes
AppareilsdelevagechargesuspendueGruesmobilesKraneFahrzeugkrane
ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon22April2004.
CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropean
Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibilographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandards
maybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember.
ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationunder
theresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.
CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,
Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,
Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.
ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels
2004CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedworldwideforCENnationalMembers.Ref.No.EN
13000:2004:E
1
Contents
page
Scope
Normativereferences
Termsanddefinitions
10
Safetyrequirementsand/orprotectivemeasures
13
4.1
Structuresandcomponents
13
4.1.1
General
13
4.1.2
Loadeffects
14
4.1.3
Limitstates
19
4.2
Equipmentanddevices
21
4.2.1
Generalprinciples
21
4.2.2
Controlstation
21
4.2.3
Protectionagainstfallingtools
23
4.2.4
Seats
24
4.2.5
Controlsandcontrolsystems
24
4.2.6
Limitingandindicatingdevices
26
4.2.7
Steeringsystem
30
4.2.8
Brakingsystems
31
4.2.9
Protectiondevices
33
4.2.10
Hydraulicandpneumaticsystemsandcomponents
35
4.2.11
Pressurevesselsandfueltanks
36
4.2.12
Electricandelectronicandcomponentsandrelatedphenomena
37
4.2.13
Hooksandhookblocks
37
4.2.14
Specificrequirementsforsparetyres/wheels
37
4.2.15
Specificrequirementsforpinjointedjib/flyjibconnections
38
4.3
Visibility
38
4.3.1
Craneoperator'sfieldofview
38
4.3.2
Lighting
38
4.4
Noiseandnoisereduction
38
4.4.1
Noiseandnoisereductionatsourcebydesign
38
4.4.2
Noisereductionbyinformation
39
4.5
Fireprotection
39
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4.5.1
Fireresistance
39
4.5.2
Fireextinguisher
39
4.6
Requirementsfortransportandtravel
39
Verification
40
5.1
Methodsofverification
40
5.2
Testproceduresandconditions
42
5.2.1
General
42
5.2.2
Conceptualverificationbycalculation
42
5.2.3
Conceptualverificationbyexperiment
42
5.2.4
Examinationaftertest
42
5.2.5
Testreport
42
5.3
Verificationbasedonnoiseemissionvalues
43
Informationforuse
43
6.1
Formatofinstruction
43
6.1.1
General
43
6.1.2
TechnicaldataandInformation
43
6.2
Instructionsforuse
44
6.2.1
General
44
6.2.2
Craneoperatorinstructions
45
6.3
Instructionsforassembly,erection,disassemblyandtransport
46
6.4
InstructionsformaintenanceandInspection
46
6.4.1
General
46
6.4.2
Instructionsformaintenance
46
6.4.3
Instructionsforinspection
47
6.5
Instructionsfortraining
47
6.6
Instructionsforspareparts
47
Marking
47
7.1
Machinemarking
47
7.2
Warningsigns
47
7.3
Graphicsymbols
47
7.4
Markingofcraneparts
48
7.5
Markingofoutriggers
48
AnnexA(normative)Examplesofmobilecranetypes
50
AnnexB.1(informative)Majorpartsoftelescopiccranes
52
AnnexB.2(informative)Majorpartsoflatticejibcranes
53
AnnexC(normative)Listofhazards
54
AnnexD(normative)Loadeffectsofcombinedmotions
57
AnnexE(normative)Craneoperator'sseatdimensions
61
E.1
General
61
E.2
Dimensionsofcranedriver'sseat
61
E.3
Otherdimensionsoradjustments
61
AnnexF(normative)Rigidbodystability:Loadeffectsduetoacceleration
63
AnnexG.1(normative)Noisetestcodeformobilecranes
65
G.1.1
Introduction
65
G.1.2
Normativereferences
65
G.1.3
Termsanddefinitions
65
G.1.4
Descriptionofmachineryfamily
65
G.1.5
Soundpowerleveldetermination
66
G.1.5.1
Basicstandardtobeused
66
G.1.5.2
Positioningofthecrane
66
G.1.5.3
Microphonepositions
66
G.1.5.4
Measurementandcalculationprocedure
66
G.1.6
Emissionsoundpressureleveldetermination
67
G.1.6.1
Basicstandardtobeused
67
G.1.6.2
Craneoperatorposition
67
G.1.6.3
Specificationsconcerningthecraneoperatingcabin
67
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G.1.6.4
Specificationsrelatingtowindspeed
G.1.6.5
Measurementandcalculationprocedure
67
67
G.1.7
Configuration
68
G.1.8
Operatingconditions
68
G.1.8.1
General
68
G.1.8.2
Testprocedure
68
G.1.9
Informationonmeasurementuncertainties
69
G.1.10
Informationtoberecorded
69
G.1.11
Informationtobereported
69
G.1.12
Declarationandverificationofnoiseemissionvalues
69
AnnexG.2(normative)Noisemeasurement,testreport
71
G.2.1
Generaldata
71
G.2.2
Measurementspermotion
72
AnnexH(normative)Limitvaluesforstructuralandfinegrainsteeltypes
74
AnnexJ.1(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofhoist/derrickgears
75
AnnexJ.2(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofslewinggears
77
AnnexJ.3(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationoftravelgears
79
AnnexJ.4(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofdrums
81
AnnexK.1(normative)Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofliftinghooks
83
AnnexK.2(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofsheaves
84
AnnexK.3(normative)Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofhookblocks
86
AnnexK.4(normative)Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofhydrauliccylinders
88
AnnexK.5(normative)Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofslewrings
90
AnnexL(normative)Proofofcompetence
92
L.1
General
92
L.2
Proofofcompetenceforsteelstructures
92
L.2.1
General
92
L.2.2
Methodofpermissiblestresses
92
L.2.3
Methodofpartialsafetycoefficientsandlimitingstresses
92
L.3
Proofofcompetencefornonsteelstructures
93
L.4
Proofofcompetenceforloadbearingcomponents
93
L.4.1
General
93
L.4.2
Proofofcompetenceformechanisms
93
L.4.3
Proofofcompetenceforropes
93
L.4.4
Proofofcompetenceforchains
93
L.4.5
Proofofcompetenceforothercomponents
94
L.5
Proofofcompetenceofrigidbodystabilityofthecrane
94
L.6
Proofofcompetenceexperimental
94
L.6.1
Structuraltests
94
L.6.2
Rigidbodystabilitytests
94
AnnexM(normative)Testofsteeringsystemsforoffroadmobilecranes
95
M.1
Testconditions
95
M.2
Testprocedure
95
M.3
Permittedsteeringcontroleffort
95
AnnexN.1(informative)Windspeedasafunctionofelevation
96
AnnexN.2(informative)Impactpressureasafunctionofelevation
97
AnnexN.3(informative)StormwindmapofEurope
98
AnnexP(normative)Efficiencyofsheavesets
AnnexQ(informative)Manufacturerssign
99
100
AnnexR(normative)Certificateforwirerope,requirements
101
AnnexS(normative)Certificateforchain,requirements
102
AnnexT(informative)Testprocedures:Selectionofloadcases
103
AnnexU(normative)Testcertificate
104
AnnexV(informative)Selectionofasuitablesetofcranestandardsforagivenapplication
105
AnnexZA(informative)
106
RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssentialRequirementsofEUDirective98/37EC
106
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Foreword
Thisdocument(EN13000:2004)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC147CranesSafety,thesecretariatofwhichisheldby
BSI.
ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatest
byDecember2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyDecember2004.
ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedbyProductWorkingGroupCEN/TC147/WGP1Mobilecranes,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN.
ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,and
supportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s).ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthis
document.
AnnexesA,C,D,E,F,G.1andG.2,H,J.1toJ.4,K.1toK.5,L,M,P,R,SandUarenormative.AnnexesB,N.1toN.3,Q,TandVare
informative.
AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplement
thisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,
Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnited
Kingdom.
Introduction
ThisEuropeanStandardisatypeCstandardasstatedinEN1070.
ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedtoprovideonemeansformobilecranestoconformwiththeessentialhealthandsafetyrequirements
oftheMachineryDirective.
Themachineryconcernedandtheextenttowhichhazards,hazardoussituationsandeventsarecoveredareindicatedinthescopeofthis
document.
WhenprovisionsofthistypeCstandardaredifferentfromthosewhicharestatedintypeAorBstandards,theprovisionsofthistypeCstandards
takeprecedenceovertheprovisionsoftheotherstandards,formachinesthathavebeendesignedandbuiltaccordingtotheprovisionsofthistypeC
standard.
1Scope
ThisEuropeanStandardisapplicabletothedesign,construction,installationofsafetydevices,informationforuse,maintenanceandtestingof
mobilecranesasdefinedinISO43062withtheexceptionofloadercranes(see3.1.1ofEN12999:2002).Examplesofmobilecranetypesandoftheir
majorpartsaregiveninannexAandB.
Thisstandarddoesnotcoverhazardsrelatedtotheliftingofpersons.
NOTETheuseofmobilecranesfortheliftingofpersonsissubjecttospecificnationalregulations.
MobilecranescoveredbythisEuropeanStandardaredesignedforalimitednumberofstresscyclesandparticularpropertiesofmotions,e.g.
smoothapplicationofthedrivingforcesandloadingconditionsaccordingtoISO43012:groupA1.
Foradutycyclesuchasgrab,magnetorsimilarwork,additionalprovisionsarerequiredwhichareoutsidethescopeofthisEuropeanStandard.
ThehazardscoveredbythisEuropeanStandardareidentifiedbyannexC.
ThisdocumentisnotapplicabletomobilecraneswhicharemanufacturedbeforethedateofpublicationofthisdocumentbyCEN.
2Normativereferences
ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedat
theappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthese
publicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe
publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments).
EN2:1992,Classificationoffires
EN294:1992,SafetyofmachinerySafetydistancetopreventdangerzonesbeingreachedbytheupperlimbs
EN349:1993,SafetyofmachineryMinimumgapstoavoidcrushingofpartsofthehumanbody
EN457:1992,SafetyofmachineryAuditorydangersignalsGeneralrequirements,designandtesting(ISO7731:1986,modified)
EN5471:1996,SafetyofmachineryHumanbodymeasurementsPart1:Principlesfordeterminingthedimensionsrequiredforopenings
forwholebodyaccessintomachinery
EN563:1994,SafetyofmachineryTemperaturesoftouchablesurfacesErgonomicsdatatoestablishtemperaturelimitforhotsurfaces
EN6141:1995,SafetyofmachineryErgonomicdesignprinciplesPart1:Terminologyandgeneralprinciples
EN6261:1994,SafetyofmachineryReductionofrisktohealthfromhazardoussubstancesemittedbymachineryPart1:Principlesand
specificationsformachinerymanufacturers
EN811:1996,SafetyofmachinerySafetydistancestopreventdangerzonesbeingreachedbythelowerlimbs
EN842:1996,SafetyofmachineryVisualdangersignalsGeneralrequirements,designandtesting
EN853:1996,RubberhosesandhoseassembliesWirebraidreinforcedhydraulictypeSpecification
EN854:1996,RubberhosesandhoseassembliesTextilereinforcedhydraulictypeSpecification
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EN856:1996,RubberhosesandhoseassembliesRubbercoveredspiralwirereinforcedhydraulictypeSpecification
EN8942:1997,SafetyofmachineryErgonomicsrequirementsforthedesignofdisplaysandcontrolactuatorsPart2:Displays.
EN8943:1992,SafetyofmachineryErgonomicsrequirementsforthedesignofdisplaysandcontrolactuatorsPart3:Controlactuators
EN953:1997,SafetyofmachineryGuardsGeneralrequirementsforthedesignandconstructionoffixedandmoveableguards
EN9541:1996,SafetyofmachinerySafetyrelatedpartsofcontrolsystemsPart1:Generalprinciplesfordesign
EN982:1996,SafetyofmachinerySafetyrequirementsforfluidpowersystemsandtheircomponentsHydraulics
EN983:1996,SafetyofmachinerySafetyrequirementsforfluidpowersystemsandtheircomponentsPneumatics
EN10053:2002,SafetyofmachineryHumanphysicalperformancePart3:Recommendedforcelimitsformachineryoperation
EN1037:1995,SafetyofmachineryPreventionofunexpectedstartup
EN1070:1998,SafetyofmachineryTerminology
EN10025:1993,HotrolledproductsofnonalloystructuralsteelsTechnicaldeliveryconditions(includesamendmentA1:1993)
EN101132:1993,HotrolledproductsinweldablefinegrainstructuralsteelsPart2:Deliveryconditionsfornormalized/normalizedrolled
steels
EN101372:1995,Platesandwideflatsmadeofhighyieldstrengthstructuralsteelsinthequenchedandtemperedorprecipitationhardened
conditionsPart2:Deliveryconditionsforquenchedandtemperedsteels
EN120772:1998,CranessafetyRequirementsforhealthandsafetyPart2:Limitingandindicatingdevices
EN126441:2001,CranesInformationforuseandtestingPart1:Instructions
EN12999:2002,CranesLoadercranes
EN13586:1999,CranesAccess
EN26385:1990,Ergonomicprinciplesofthedesignofworksystems(ISO6385:1981.
EN6020432:1998,SafetyofmachineryElectricalequipmentofmachinesPart32:Requirementsforhoistingmachines(IEC60204
32:1998)
EN6100064:2001,Electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)Part64:GenericstandardsEmissionstandardforindustrialenvironments(IEC
6100062:1999,modified)
EN613101:1995,SafetyofmachineryIndication,makingandactuationPart1:Requirementsforvisual,auditoryandtactilesignals(IEC
613101:1995)
EN613102:1995,SafetyofmachineryIndication,markingandactuationPart2:Requirementsformarking(IEC613102:1995)
ENISO3411:1999,EarthmovingmachineryHumanphysicaldimensionofoperatorsandminimumoperatorspaceenvelope(ISO3411:1995)
ENISO3744:1995,AcousticsDeterminationofsoundpowerlevelsofnoisesourcesusingsoundpressureEngineeringmethodinan
essentiallyfreefieldoverareflectingplane(ISO3744:1994)
ENISO4014:2000,HexagonheadboltsProductgradesAandB(ISO4014:1999)
ENISO4871:1996,AcousticsDeclarationandverificationofnoiseemissionvaluesofmachineryandequipment(ISO4871:1996)
ENISO53491:2001,MechanicalvibrationMeasurementandevaluationofhumanexposuretohandtransmittedvibrationPart1:General
requirements(ISO53491:2001)
ENISO53492:2001,MechanicalvibrationMeasurementandevaluationofhumanexposuretohandtransmittedvibrationPart1:
Practicalguidanceformeasurementattheworkplace(ISO53492:2001)
ENISO5353:1998,Earthmovingmachinery,andtractorsandmachineryforagricultureandforestrySeatindexpoint(ISO5353:1995)
ENISO6683:1999,EarthmovingmachinerySeatbeltsandseatbeltanchorages(ISO6683:1981+Amendment1:1990)
ENISO7096:2000:,EarthmovingmachineryLaboratoryevaluationofoperatorseatvibration(ISO7096:2000)
ENISO7250:1997,Basichumanbodymeasurementfortechnologicaldesign(ISO7250:1996)
ENISO11201:1995,AcousticsNoiseemittedbymachineryandequipmentMeasurementofemissionsoundpressurelevelsataworkstation
andatotherspecifiedpositionsEngineeringmethodinanessentiallyfreefieldoverareflectingplane(ISO11201:1995)
ENISO116881:1998,AcousticsRecommendedpracticeforthedesignoflownoisemachineryandequipmentPart1:Planning(ISO/TR
11688:1995.
ENISO121001:2003,SafetyofmachineryBasicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesignPart1:Basicterminology,methodology(ISO
121001:2003)
ENISO121002:2003,SafetyofmachineryBasicconcepts,generalprinciplesfordesignPart2:Technicalprinciples(ISO121002:2003)
ISO261:1998,ISOgeneralpurposemetricscrewthreadsGeneralplan
ISO26311:1997,MechanicalvibrationandshockEvaluationofhumanexposuretowholebodyvibrationPart1:Generalrequirements
ISO3795:1989,RoadvehiclesandtractorsandmachineryforagricultureandforestryDeterminationofburningbehaviourofinterior
materials
ISO3864:1984,Safetycoloursandsafetysigns
ISO43011:1986,CranesandliftingappliancesClassificationPart1:General.
ISO43012:1985,LiftingappliancesClassificationPart2:Mobilecranes.
ISO4305:1991,MobilecranesDeterminationofstability.
ISO43061:1990,CranesVocabularyPart1:General.
ISO43062:1994,CranesVocabularyPart2:Mobilecranes.
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ISO43081:2003,CranesandliftingappliancesSelectionofwireropesPart1:General
ISO43082:1988,CranesandliftingappliancesSelectionofwireropesPart2:MobilecranesCoefficientofutilization
ISO4309:1990,CranesWireropesCodeofpracticeforexaminationanddiscard
ISO4310:1981,CranesTestcodeandprocedures
ISO6309:1987,FireprotectionSafetysigns
ISO7000:1989:,GraphicalsymbolsforuseonequipmentIndexandsynopsis
ISO72961:1991,CranesGraphicsymbolsPart1:General
ISO72962:1996,CranesGraphicsymbolsPart2:Mobilecranes
ISO77522:1985,LiftingappliancesControlslayoutandcharacteristicsPart2:Basicarrangementandrequirementsformobilecranes
ISO8087:1985,MobilecranesDrumandsheavesizes
ISO85662:1995,CranesCabinsPart2:Mobilecranes
ISO/CIE8995:2002,Lightingofindoorworkplaces
ISO116602:1994,CranesAccessguardsandrestraintsPart2:Mobilecranes
ISO116621:1995,MobilecranesExperimentaldeterminationofcraneperformancePart1:Tippingloadsandradii
ISO/CD116622:1995,MobilecranesExperimentaldeterminationofcraneperformancePart2:Structuralcompetenceunderstaticloading
ISO124801:1997,CranesSafeusePart1:General
ISO13200:1995,CranesSafetysingsandhazardpictorialsGeneralprinciples
FEM1.001:1998,Rulesforthedesignofhoistingappliances(3rdedition)
FEM5.004:1994,Rulesforthedesignofthesteelstructuresofgeneralusemobilecranes
3Termsanddefinitions
ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thetermanddefinitiongiveninEN1070:1998applies.Forspecificdefinitionandterminology
applicabletomobilecranesthefollowingtermsanddefinitionapply1).ForothertermsanddefinitionISO43061:1990andISO43062:1994apply.
3.1
angleindicator
devicetodisplaytheactualangleofpartsofthecranetothehorizontal,e.g.jibangleindicator,fixedflyjibangleindicator,luffingflyjib
indicator
1)Thedefinitionsarelistedalphabetically.
10
3.2
anglelimiter
devicetolimitthemotionofpartsofthecraneregardingtheirangles,e.g.jibanglelimiter,flyjibanglelimiterand/ormastanglelimiter
3.3
cabin
controlstationwithprotectiveenclosure(see3.6,3.7and3.9)
3.4
crane
machineforcyclicliftingorcyclicliftingandhandlingofloadssuspendedonhooksorotherloadhandlingdevices,whethermanufacturedtoan
individualdesign,inseriesorfrom,prefabricatedcomponents
NOTESuspendedcanincludeadditionalmeansfittedtopreventswinging,rotationoftheloadetc.
3.5
cranelevelindicator
devicetoindicatethelevelledpositionofthecrane
3.6
craneoperatingcabin
cabinprovidedfortheoperationofthecranemotionstomovetheload
3.7
cranetravellingcabin
cabinprovidedforthetransportationofthecranebyroadfromonejobsitetoanother
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3.8
configuration
combinationofstructuralmembers,counterweights,supportoroutriggerposition,hookblockreevingandsimilaritemsassembled,positioned
anderectedaccordingtomanufacturer'sinstructionsandreadyforoperation
3.9
controlstation
permanentpositionofcontrolsonoroffthecrane
3.10
derricking(luffing)limiter
devicetopreventderricking(luffing)motionsofthejiband/orflyjibbeyondspecifiedlimits
3.11
hoistinglimiter
deviceeithertopreventthefixedloadliftingattachmentfrombeingraisedsuchthatitstrikesthecranestructure,oradevicetopreventany
otherspecifiedupperlimitationoftheloadliftingattachmentfrombeingexceeded.Itcanalsoincludeanyotherdesignlimitationimposingarestriction
onlifting
3.12
hookloadindicator
devicetodisplaytheactualmass(weight)oftheload
3.13
indicator
devicewhichprovideswarningsand/ordatatofacilitatethecompetentcontrolofthecranewithinitsdesignparameters
3.14
jiblengthindicator
devicetodisplaytheactualjiblength
11
3.15
loadbearingcomponent
singlepartorassemblyofpartsofacrane,whicharedirectlysubjectedtoloadeffects(e.g.hooks,ropes(stationaryorrunning),traversebeams,
pendantbars,wheels,axles,gears,couplings,brakes,hoists,hydrauliccylinders,shaftsandpins).Incontrastto(steel)structurescomponentscanbe
regardedasindependentunits
3.16
lockindicator
devicetodisplaythelockedconditionofapartorfunction
3.17
loweringlimiter
devicetoensurethatthespecifiedminimumnumberofturnsofropeonthehoistdrumismaintainedatalltimesduringoperation
3.18
mobilecrane
selfpoweredjibcranecapableoftravellingloadedorunloadedwithouttheneedforfixedrunwaysandrelyingongravityforstability.Examplesof
mobilecranesaregivenintheannexesA,B.1andB.2
NOTE1Mobilecranescanoperateontyres,crawlersorwithothermobilearrangements.Infixedpositionstheycanbesupportedbyoutriggers
orotheraccessoriesincreasingtheirstability.
NOTE2Thesuperstructureofmobilecranescanbeofthetypeoffullcircleslewing,oflimitedslewingornonslewing.Itisnormallyequipped
withoneormorehoistsand/orhydrauliccylindersforliftingandloweringthejibandtheload.
NOTE3Mobilecranescanbeequippedeitherwithtelescopicjibs,witharticulatedjibs,withlatticejibsoracombinationoftheseofsucha
designthattheycanreadilybelowered.
NOTE4Loadscanbehandledbyhookblockassembliesorotherloadliftingattachmentsforspecialservices.
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offroadmobilecrane
mobilecranewhichtravelsonsite(e.g.roughterraincrane,crawlercrane)
3.20
onroadmobilecrane
mobilecranewhichhasthenecessaryequipmenttotravelonpublicroadsandonthejobsite(e.g.allterraincrane,truckcrane)
3.21
partialsafetycoefficient
safetymarginforthemethodoflimitstateschosenasdescribedinannexAofISO86891:1989(seepartialloadcoefficientsP)
3.22
performancelimiter
devicewhichautomaticallypreventsadesignperformancecharacteristicfrombeingexceeded
3.23
radiusindicator
devicetodisplaytheactualradiusoftheload
3.24
ratedcapacity
loadthatthecraneisdesignedtoliftforagivenoperatingcondition(e.g.configuration,positionoftheload).Formobilecranesthemass
(weight)ofthehookblockispartoftheload
12
3.25
ratedcapacityindicator
devicewhichgives,withinspecifiedtolerancelimits,atleastacontinuousindicationthattheratedcapacityisexceeded,andanothercontinuous
indicationoftheapproachtotheratedcapacity
3.26
ratedcapacitylimiter
devicethatautomaticallypreventsthecranefromhandlingloadsinexcessofitsratedcapacity,takingintoaccountthedynamiceffectsduring
normaloperationaluse
3.27
slackropelimiter
devicetoautomaticallypreventdangersfromslackropesituations
3.28
slewpositionindicator
devicetoindicatetothecraneoperatortheactualslewposition
3.29
slewrangeindicator
devicetoindicatetothecraneoperatorthepermittedslewrangefortheselectedconfiguration
3.30
slewinglimiter
devicetopreventslewingbeyondspecifiedlimits
3.31
telescopinglimiter
devicetopreventtelescopingbeyondspecifiedlimits
3.32
windspeedindicator
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devicetoindicatetothecraneoperatortheactualwindspeed
3.33
workingload
loadonthehookplusmass(weight)ofhookandblock
3.34
workingloadfactor
safetymarginforthepermissiblestressmethodchosenasdescribedinannexAofISO86861:1989(seecoefficientsappliedtothespecified
strength F)
4Safetyrequirementsand/orprotectivemeasures
4.1Structuresandcomponents
4.1.1General
Machineryshallcomplywiththesafetyrequirementsand/orprotectivemeasuresofthisclause.Inaddition,themachineshallbedesigned
accordingtotheprinciplesofENISO12100forhazardsrelevantbutnotsignificant,whicharedealtwithbythisdocument(e.g.sharpedges).
Mechanicalhazardscanarisewhenloadsactingonacraneexceedlimitingconditions.Suchanoverloadcancausetheentirecraneand/orits
componentstolosestability(elasticorrigidbody)aswellascausethesupportingstructureand/orcomponentstobesubjectedtofailure.
13
Inordertopreventthispotentialdanger,verificationshallbeprovidedfortheextremevaluesofloadeffectsbasedonallforceswhichact
simultaneouslyonthecranemultipliedbyadequate(partial)safetyfactorstoensurethatthecorrespondingloadinglimitsarenotexceeded.
Thisstandarddefinesloadsandloadcombinationsaswellasspecificvaluesoffactorsandcoefficientstobeappliedtomobilecranes.
Thelimitstateformaterialsandcomponentsshallbeindicatedintheformofnominalvalues,whicharelaiddowninrelationtothenominal
loadeffects(internalforcesorstresses)definedintherelevantstandards.
Allcasesinwhichlimitsareexceededandcanendangerthemechanicalstructure,e.g.creeping,elasticinstability,lossofstability,significant
displacements,fatigueorwear(includingdiscardofropes),uncontrolledmotionsandtemperaturelimitsshallbetakenintoaccount.
Theprocedureforthedesignandcalculationsisdescribedinthisclause.Theprocedureconsistsofidentifyingloadeffects(see4.1.2),determining
thelimitstates(see4.1.3)andtheproofofcompetence(seeannexL).Alternativelyadvancedandrecognizedtheoreticalmethods(e.g.elastokinetic
analysistosimulateloadeffects)orexperimentalmethods(e.g.measurementofloadeffectsortestsfordetermininglimitstatesorstraingaugetesting)
maybeused.Thesemethodsshallprovidethesamelevelofsafety.
4.1.2Loadeffects
4.1.2.1General
Allloadswhichactonthecraneoritssupportingsectionsincludingdeadweights,additionalloads(e.g.duetogravity,windloadsorother
ambientinfluences),testloadsandspecialloadsduringerectionordismantling(ofjibsystems)shallnotcausedamage,suchasfracturing,permanent
deformationsorunintentionaldisplacements.
Loadeffectsshallbedeterminedbasedonanelastostatic/rigidbodykineticmodelofthecraneandloadmodels.Loadsactingonthecraneatthe
sametimeshallbecombinedasgiveninannexD.
Itisassumedthat:
a. thenumberofimportantstresscycles(i.e.stresscyclescontributingsignificantlytofatigue:minimumonestresscycleperlift)isnothigherthan
thenumberofoperatingcycles
b. criticalnotchconditionsareavoidedbycarefuldesignandconstruction
c. therearenopredominantalternatingstresses.
Withtheseassumptionsitisnotnecessarytocarryoutafatigueanalysisontheloadbearingstructure.
Whenconsideringtestloadsthecraneshallbeinthesameconfigurationsasintendedforusewithoutanymodification(e.g.withoutchanging
outriggers,counterweight,counterweightposition).
Whenthemethodofpermissiblestresses(seeL.2.2)isapplied,theworkingloadshallbemultipliedbytheworkingloadfactor.
Whenthemethodofpartialsafetycoefficientsandlimitingstresses(seeL.2.3)isapplied,theworkingloadshallbemultipliedbytheworkingload
factoranditspartialsafetycoefficientsandallotherloadsbytheirrespectivepartialsafetycoefficients.
Loadswithalownumberofstresscyclesandlowamplitudesaretobeseenasmeanvaluesmultipliedbytheworkingloadfactorand/orthe
respectivepartialsafetycoefficients.
Theanalysisofloadeffectswithalternativeadvancedmethods,i.e.fromindividualevents(dynamicfactors)orrepresentativeuseofacraneshall
provideatleastequivalentlevelsofsafety.Itshalltakeintoaccountunfavourableoperatingconditionsandsequencesofmovementsofthecraneand/or
theload.
14
4.1.2.2Windloads
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4.1.2.2.1Windspeedsandpressures
Tocalculatethewindloads,itisassumedthatthewindblowshorizontallyfromthemostunfavourabledirection,butatanelevationrelated
speed.
Thespeedofa3secondwindgustv(z)[m/s]actingonanelevatedpointz[m]anddecisiveforcalculationsisbasedonameanwindspeed
determinedover10minutes [m/s]at10mabovegroundorsealevel.
v(z)=[(z/10)0,14+0,4].
forz=10[m]v(z)=1,4. seeannexN.1
Thequasistaticimpactpressureq[N/m2]isasaresultof:
q=0,625.v(z)2
forz=10[m]q(z)=1,225.
seeannexN.2
Theadmissiblewindspeedforthecraneinserviceandoutofserviceisderivedfromthewindguestspeedv(z)actingonthehighest
elevatedpointtakeninaccountfortheverifications.
4.1.2.2.2Inservicewindloads
Tocalculatethewindloadduringcraneoperationconservatively,thewindgustspeeddeterminedatthehighestelevatedpointvi(max.z)canbe
assumedtoactallovertheheightofthecraneanditsjib.
Preciseelevationrelatedcalculationsofthewindforcesactingonthejibarepermissible,e.g.in10melevationintervals.
Thewindforcesactingonthecraneanditscomponentsaswellasthepertainingimpactpressuresdeterminedshallbecombinedwiththeother
inserviceloads.
Thepermissiblewindspeedvi(max.z)shallbeindicatedintheratedcapacitychartsandintheinstructionmanual.Thereferencevalueusedto
determinetheload(areaexposedtowindpermass(weight)unitofthecapacity)shalllikewisebeindicatedifnototherwiselaiddown,thenthevalueis
1,2m2/t.
NOTE1Value1,2m2/tbasedoncw=1,2.
Thewindloadsactingonthesuspendedloadshallbederivedfromthemaximumliftingheightofthesuspendedload.Specialverificationis
requiredfromcasetocaseforliftingloadswithalargesailarea(>1,2m2/t).
NOTE2Safecraneuseisonlypossiblewithintherangeofthepermissiblewindspeedvi(max.z)whilethecraneisinservice,thespeedatthe
highestelevationcanbemonitoredbymeansofananemometer.Topreventanydanger,inparticular,duetosuddenchangesinwindspeedordirection
duringthepassingofweatherfronts,weatherreportsshouldbetakenintoaccountwhenliftingoperationsarebeingscheduled.Instructionsshouldbe
laiddownintheinstructionmanualprovidingsuitablemeasuresforloweringthecranetoasafeposition.
NOTE3Mobilecranesarenormallyequippedwithjibsystemswhichcanbeloweredquicklyandreadily.Asaresult,thehazardsduetosudden
changesinwindspeedsandincreasesingustspeedatelevatedpointscanbereducedinashorttime,e.g.within5minutes.
4.1.2.2.3Outofservicewindloads(whenthecraneisnotinoperation)
a)Outofservicestormwinds
15
Tocalculatethewindloadswhenthecraneisnotinoperation,anaverage,regionallyvarying,referencewindspeedcanbeassumed.The
referencewindspeedvrefisdeterminedover10minutesat10mabovegroundorsealevel.InEuropethefollowingfiguresareapplicable(seeannex
N.3):
Regions
vref[m/s]
24
24
28
32
36
Thedesignisconsideredsafewhenalltherequiredverificationsincludingtheeffectof3secondelevationrelatedwindgustsarecalculatedbased
onareferencewindspeed(seeformulasin4.1.2.2.1andannexesN.1andN.2).
b)Outofservicelimitingwindspeed
Tocalculatethewindloadeffectwhenthecraneisnotinoperation,thewindgustspeedatthehighestelevatedpointva(max.z)
shallbeconsidered.SeeannexesN.1andN.2.Therequiredsafetyshallbeverifiedforallpermittedconfigurationsand/orpositionsofthe
crane.
Preciseelevationrelatedcalculationsofthewindforcesactingonthejibinsuchaconfigurationand/orpositionarepermissible,e.g.
in10melevationintervals,fortherelevantgustspeeds(3secondgustspeed).
Theforcesonthecraneanditscomponentsresultingfromtheimpactpressureshallbecombinedwiththedeadweightsand,if
required,withothergeometricinfluences(e.g.outoflevelsurfaces).
NOTE1Acranewhichissafewithrespecttotheeffectofthewindspeedsva(max.z)basedoncranespecificlimits,shouldonly
remaininthisconfigurationand/orpositionuptothederivedwindgustspeed.
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Informationshallbeprovidedintheinstructionmanualastowhichmeasuresshallbetakenbythecraneoperatorinorderto
maintainthecraneinsafecondition,e.g.byloweringortelescopinginthejibintheeventthatva(max.z)isexceeded.Instructionsshall
belaiddownintheinstructionmanualprovidingsuitablemeasuresforsecuringthecraneoutofservice.
NOTE2Thesafetyofacraneisonlymaintainedwithintherangeofthepermissiblewindspeedva(max.z)whilethecraneis(inor)
outofservice.Thereforeexceedingofthelimitingwindspeedoutofserviceshouldbepreventedbyplanningaliftincludingtheweather
forecast.
4.1.2.3Loadeffectsonsteelstructures
TheloadsactingonthesteelstructureofgeneralusemobilecranesshallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththeFEM5.004:1994,wherethegroup
classificationA1ofISO43011andISO43012applies.
Ifamobilecraneisdesignedtocarryoutsimultaneousmovements,theloadeffectsoftwoofthesemovementsshallbetakenintoaccount(see
annexD).Asaminimumrequirementtheloadcombinationsoftheloadcases1,2and3inTable1ofFEM5.004:1994shallbecalculated.
4.1.2.4Loadeffectsonnonsteelstructures
Nonsteelstructuresshallbedesignedwithequivalentsafetymarginsasforsteelstructuresfortheirintendedlifetime.Specialcharacteristics(e.g.
tensilecreeping,relaxation,anisotropy,thermalbehaviour)shallbeconsidered.Thetechnicalrequirementsforthesematerialsarenotdealtwithinthis
standard.Sufficientknowledgeandexperienceshallbeprovenbythemanufacturerofthecraneorthesupplierofsuchstructures.
4.1.2.5Loadeffectsonloadbearingcomponents
4.1.2.5.1General
Forthepurposeofthisstandardthetermloadbearingcomponentappliestoallsinglepartsofassembliesofpartsofacrane,whicharedirectly
subjectedtoloadeffects(see3.15).
16
Therearetwodifferentprocedurestodesignthecomponentsofacraneandtoprooftheircompetence.Eitherthecomponentsaredesigned
individually,usingtheapplicablestandardsconcerningloadeffectsandproofcalculationorthepredesignedcomponentshavetobeselected.
Forindividuallydesignedcomponentstheloadeffectsderivedfromtheserviceconditionsshallbeestablishedbythecranedesigner.
Forpredesignedcomponentsthecranedesignerandthecomponentdesigner/suppliershallidentifyandagreeupontherelevantloadeffects
derivedfromtheserviceconditions(see4.1.3.4).
4.1.2.5.2Loadeffectsonmechanisms
Differingfromthe(steel)structures,whichareloadedbyonlyoneimportantstresscycleperoperatingcycle,themechanismsareloadedby
multiplestresscyclesdependingonlinearmovements,distancesandthenumberofrotationalmovements.
Theestimationofthenumberofstresscyclesduringtheassumedlifetimeofthemechanismsisbaseduponthewrittenagreementuponservice
conditionsbetweentheuserandthemanufacturerofthecrane.
Wheretheuseofmechanismsisunknown,thestresscyclesandassumedlifetimeshallcorrespondwiththosevaluesavailablefromprevious
experience.
ThemechanismgroupclassificationshallbeinaccordancewithTable6ofISO43011:1986andTable2ofISO43012:1985(complieswith
T.2.1.3.4ofFEM1.001:1998part2).
4.1.2.5.3Loadeffectsonropes
Theloadsactingonrunningandstationaryropesuseddirectlyforliftingtheloadorsupportingthecranestructureshallbecalculatedfromthe
deadloadsandthenominalworkingloadsasspecifiedinTable1ofFEM5.004:1994,loadcombinationcase1.
ThecoefficientofutilisationdependingonthecranemechanismclassificationshallbeinaccordancewithISO43082.Theinfluencesof
dynamiceffectsandfrictionlossesshallbecovered.ForcraneclassificationA1theworkingloadfactormaybetakenas1.0.Thefrictionlosseshave
tobecalculatedaccordingtoannexP.
4.1.2.5.4Loadeffectsonchains
Theloadsactingonchainsusedascomponentsforliftingtheloadorsupportingthecranestructureshallbetakenasthemaximumvaluefrom
thetwocases:maximumoccurringforceforthemovingchainorcalculatingthedeadloadsandthenominalworkingloadsasdefinedinTable1of
FEM5.004:1994,loadcombinationcase1.
ThechaingroupclassificationshallbeinaccordancewithTable6ofISO4301.1:1986andTable2ofISO43012:1985(complieswithT.2.1.3.4of
FEM1.001:1998part2).
Dynamiceffectshavetobecoveredbyincreasingtheloadwiththeworkingloadfactor.Technicalrequirementsforfrictionlossesarenot
coveredwithinthisstandard.
4.1.2.5.5Loadeffectsonotherloadbearingcomponents
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Theloadsactingonotherloadbearingcomponentsshallbecalculatedasspecifiedin4.1.2.1,iftheyareloadedwithonlyoneimportantstress
cycleperoperatingcycleandtheotherconditionsofclause6ofFEM5.004:1994arefulfilled.
Theclassificationofeachcomponent,whichisloadedbymultiplestresscyclesperoperatingcycle,shallbeinaccordancewith2.1.4ofFEM
1.001:1998,part2.Theloadeffectsforthesecomponentsshallbecalculatedinaccordancewith2.2and2.3ofFEM1.001:1998,part2.
17
4.1.2.6Loadeffectsfordeterminationofrigidbodystability
4.1.2.6.1General
TherigidbodystabilityofthecraneshallbeinaccordancewithISO4305.
ThevaluestobeconsideredfortherigidbodystabilityshallbetakenasspecifiedinTable1and2ofISO4305:1991.
Tippinglinesofmobilecranesdependontheindividualdesign.ExamplesfortippinglinesaregiveninannexAofISO4305:1991.Forcrawler
cranesspecialattentionhastobegiventoforwardorbackwardtippingoverthesprocketand/orfirstroller.
Itisassumedthatthecraneisoperatedonafirmandlevelsurface(upto1%gradientoftheground).Ifgreatergradientsoftheslewingplaneare
allowedbythemanufacturer,specialcapacitychartsshallbeprovided.Aminimumsidegradientof0.5%forcranesonoutriggersand/or1%forcranes
freeontyresorcrawlersshallbetakenintoaccount.
Themaximumvaluesofforcesandpressuresresultingthereofshallcorrespondtotheallowablevaluesoftheinclinationofthecraneleveland
thelimitsshallbeestablishedfortherelevantcapacitycharts.Specialattentionshallbegiventotheelasticdeformationofthecranestructureandthe
cranemovements(slewing,luffing,travellingetc.)increasingthesupportingforcesandgroundpressure.
4.1.2.6.2Stabilityforsuddenreleaseoftheload
Accelerationsduetosuddenreleaseoftheloadcancausetippingbackwardsofthecraneorcancauseunintendedbackwardmotionsofpartsof
thecrane.Insteadofanexactcalculationaverticalupwardforceactingontheunloadedcranewithoutwindloadsmaybeused.
Theverticalupwardforceshallbetakenas10%oftheratedcapacityforcraneswithclassificationA1accordingtoISO43012:.
4.1.2.6.3Stabilityduringerectionanddismantling
Therigidbodystabilityforerectionoftheunloadedcraneanditsdismantlingprocedureshallbeconsideredasaspecialloadingcondition.The
deadloadsandtheadditionalloads(gravitational,windloads,etc.)increasingthetippingmomentshallbeamplifiedwithasafetycoefficient1,1.
4.1.2.6.4Additionaleffects
Thefollowingadditionaleffectsshallbeconsideredtodetermineadequatestabilityofthecrane:
a. Additionaleffectsduetoelasticityofthecrane
Specialattentionshallbepaidtotheelasticbehaviourofthecrane,considering:
effectsduetoelasticdeformationofcarrier,wheels,tyres,crawlersandoutriggers
effectsduetoangledisplacementofthejibsystemduringslewingoftheloadaccordingtodifferentstiffnessofthecarrierindifferent
slewranges.
b. Additionaleffectsduetoacceleration
Accelerationsduetoabruptstarting/stoppingofmovementsofthecraneand/ortheloadcancauseunintendedmovementsofthecrane
and/ortheload(kineticenergy).Todetermineadequatestabilitytoavoidtippingofthecranesufficientpotentialenergyshallbeprovided.
Thesedynamiceffectsshallbecoveredbycalculationorbyasimplifiedprocedureusingatippingangle,seeannexF.
18
4.1.3Limitstates
4.1.3.1General
Limitstatesshallbeasspecifiedbelow.Wherethelimitstatesofmaterialsandcomponentsarenotgivenbelow,theyshallbelaiddownas
writtenagreementbetweenthecranemanufacturerandthesupplierofthesematerialsandcomponentsonthebasisofrecognizedmethodologyand
standards.
Thelimitingvaluesformaterialsshallincludethestaticanddynamic(whererequired)propertiesforstrengthandductilitydependingonthe
dimension,thekindoffabrication(heattreatment),theallowedtemperatureforinandoutofserviceconditions,theelasticpropertiesandtheir
suitabilityfortheproductionprocessanduse.
NOTEThelimitstatesmaybefoundbytestsofmaterialspecimenandofcomponentsorbyapplyingtheoreticalmethodsandusingbasictest
resultsadditionally,ifappropriate.
4.1.3.2Limitstatesforsteelstructures
ThelimitvaluesforstructuralandfinegrainedsteeltypesofcommonuseshallbetakenfromtheTableinannexH(seeTable2ofFEM
5.004:1994).
ThelimitstatesforsteelstructuresshallbecalculatedfromthevaluesoftherelevantEuropeanStandardsformaterialsor,wherenotexisting,the
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specializeddatasheetsforthosematerials,whicharenotcoveredbyharmonizedstandards,asprovidedbythemanufacturersofthesematerials.
Thepermissibleand/orlimitingstressesofstructuralcomponentsandweldsshallbecalculatedbytheyieldstressesandthe(safety)factors
accordingtoL.2.2andL.2.3.
4.1.3.3Limitstatesfornonsteelstructures
ThelimitstatedfornonsteelstructuresshallbecalculatedfromthevaluesoftherelevantEuropeanStandardsformaterialsor,wherenot
existing,thespecializeddatasheetsforthosematerials,whicharenotcoveredbyharmonizedstandards,asprovidedbythemanufacturersofthese
materials.Therequirementsforthesematerialsarenotdealtwithinthisstandard.
4.1.3.4Limitstatesforloadbearingcomponents
4.1.3.4.1Limitstatesformechanisms
Thelimitstatesformechanismsshallbespecifiedbythemanufacturer/supplierofthemechanism.Theyarebaseduponinformationabout
dimensions,loading,assemblyandserviceconditionswhichweretakenintoaccountwhendesigningthecrane.
Theminimumrequirementsforthetechnicalspecificationagreedbetweencranemanufacturerandmanufacturer/supplierofmechanismsshall
bebaseduponuniformformatsgivenfortheparticulartypeofmechanism.Thetechnicalspecificationforgearsanddrumsshallincludetheparameters
shownintherelatedannexes:
Gears:
Hoist/derrickgear
seeannexJ.1
Slowgear
seeannexJ.2
Travelgear
seeannexJ.4
Drums:
Hoist/derrickdrum
seeannexJ.4
4.1.3.4.2Limitstatedforropes
Thedesignofaropesystemincludingitsendterminationshallpermitthedesiredlifetimeundertheestimatedconditionsofservicespecifiedfor
theparticularapplication.Thelimitstatedforropesand/orthecomponentsofthe
19
ropesystemcanbedeliveredeitherfromEuropeanStandardsorfromlongtermexperienceandtestsbythecranemanufacturerand/ortherope
manufacturerorbyotherequivalentexperimentalmethods.
Allropesusedshallhavearopecertificategivingthelimitstatedasdeterminedbytheropemanufacturer(seeannexR).
Thelimitstatesofastationaryropearedeterminedbythedesignoftheropeandgivenastheminimumbreakingloadidentifiedbyseriesof
tensilestrengthtests.
Theminimumbreakingloadoftheropeisthedecisivevalueforthelimitstatedunderthefollowingconditions:
a. craneandmechanismgroupclassificationinaccordancewithISO43012
b. ratioofthepitchdiametersofdrums,sheavesandpulleystothenominaldiameteroftheropeisinaccordancewithISO8087(forrunningropes
only)
c. codeofpracticeforexaminationanddiscardisinaccordancewithISO4309.
NOTEThelimitstatesofarunningropedependonthedesignoftheropeitself,thedesignofdrums,sheavesandpulleysandontheratioofthe
pitchdiameterstothenominaldiameteroftherope.Thelimitstatesofrunningropescanbeidentifiedbytheminimumbreakingloadandthe
permissiblenumberofbendingcycles.
Theminimumbreakingloadshallbecomparedwiththenominalload(seeL.4.3,proofofcompetenceforropes).
Ropeandterminationshallnotbemadebymeansofropeclips(buildingclips).Theuseofropeclipsonthetailandonlyofaropepassing
throughawedgesockettopreventtheropeslidebackthroughthesocketispermitted.
4.1.3.4.3Limitstatedforchains
Allchainsusedascomponentsforamobilecraneshallhaveachaincertificategivingthelimitstatedasdeterminedbythechainmanufacturer
(seeannexS).
NOTEThelimitstatesforchainsarebaseduponinformationaboutdimensions,assembly,serviceconditions,cleaningandmaintenance
conditionsspecifiedbythecranemanufacturerandaWorkercurvegivenbythesupplierinrelationtothestresscyclesoccurringduringtheassumed
lifetime.
4.1.3.4.4Limitstatedforothercomponents
NOTEThelimitstatedforotherloadbearingcomponentsshouldbespecifiedbythemanufacturer/supplierofthecomponent.Theyarebased
uponinformationaboutthedimensions,loading,assemblyandserviceconditionswhichweretakenintoaccountwhendesigningthecrane.
Theminimumrequirementsforthetechnicalspecificationagreedbetweencranemanufacturerandmanufacturer/supplierofcomponentsshall
bebasedupontheuniformformatgivenfortheparticulartypeofcomponent.Thetechnicalspecificationshallincludetheparametersshowninthe
relatedannexes:
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Liftinghooks:
seeannexK.1
Sheaves:
seeannexK.2
Hookblocks:
seeannexK.3
Hydrauliccylinders:
seeannexK.4
Slewrings:
seeannexK.5
4.2Equipmentanddevices
4.2.1Generalprinciples
TheergonomicrequirementsforthegeneraldesignofequipmentanddevicesshallbeinaccordancewithEN5471,ENISO7250,ENISO6385
1andENISO63852.TheprinciplesofEN6261forselectionofmaterialsshallapply.HazardsshallbeavoidedaccordingtoEN294,EN349andEN
811.
Sharpedgesofequipmentanddeviceswhichhavetobeaccessedduringnormaluseshallbeavoidedbymeansaslaiddownin4.2.2.3.
Electricalcablesshallnotbeinstalledtocloseproximitytohotpipesorhoses(e.g.hydraulicsystem,exhaustsystem)thatarelikelytocause
damagetothecables.
4.2.2Controlstation
4.2.2.1General
Controlstationsandcontroldevicesshallbedesignedandplacedtoenablethesafeuseofthecrane.
Controlstationsforthemovementoftheloadand/orthetravellingofthecraneshallbeprovidedwithacabin(craneoperationcabin,crane
travellingcabin).Thisdoesnotapplytotheprovisionofremotecontrols.
Elevatedcontrolstationsshallbesolidlydesignedandbuilt.Theyshallbereliablyattachedtothecrane.Thematerialinthesupportingstructure
shallbefireretardant.Damagetoshockabsorbersorabsorbentmaterialasaresultoffireshallnotallowthecontrolstationtocomeloosefromits
supports.ForguidanceseeISO85662andISO116602.
Thedimensionofrailings(handrail,kneeandfootledge)shallbeinaccordancewithFigures4,7,12andTable6ofEN13586:1999.
4.2.2.2Cabins
Coveringandinsulationofwalls,floorandceilingshallbemadeoffireretardantmaterial,see4.5.1.Thesematerialsshallminimizeoptical
reflectionsdisturbingtheoperator.
Thecabinfloorshallbedesignedtobecleanedeasilywithoutledgespreventingtheremovalofdirt.
Thecabinfloorshallhaveaslipresistantsurface(e.g.bulbplate/checkerplate,openmesh,sandedpaint).
Spaceshallbeavailableinsidethecabinforthestorageofdocumentsneededtosafelyoperatethecrane.Afirstaidboxshallbeavailableatleast
inonecabin.Spaceforafireextinguishershallbeprovidedinoradjacenttoeachcabin(see4.5.2).
Whereacabinroofistobeusedduringassemblyand/ordismantlingthesurfaceshallbeslipresistant.Theloadsarisingfrompersonsstanding
ontheroof,includingtoolsetc.shallbetakenintoconsideration.Aproofloadof1000Nappliedevenlyoveranareaofa125mmdiameterdisc
anywhereonthesurfaceshallnotcausepermanentdeformation.
Wherethesurfaceofthecabinroofisintendedtodrainoffwater,thewatershallnotrundownthewindows.
4.2.2.3Sharpedges
Partsoftheequipmentinsidethecabinwhichareaccessibleduringnormaluseshallnotpresentanysharpedgesorpointswhichcouldcause
injuries.Edgesshallhaveradii(minimum1mm)orbechamfered(minimum1mm1mm)orbecoveredachievinganequivalentlevelofsafety.
21
4.2.2.4Emergencyexit
Thecraneoperatingcabinshallhaveexitroutesforemergencyevacuationinatleasttwodirections.Emergencyexitsshallbeeasilyrecognised
andopenedfrominsidethecabin.Theemergencyexitrouteinadirectionotherthanthatofthenormalentrancetothecabinmaytaketheformofan
openingwithasizeofanemergencyexitasspecifiedinISO116602.E.g.:Anopeningwindoworawindowopeningwithaneasilyremovablewindow
paneofthatsizeissuitable.
4.2.2.5Spaceenvelope
Thespaceinsidethecabinshallpermitalloperatingcontrolstobeactuatedfromtheworkingposition.Thespaceshallalsoaffordaccessibilityfor
thesupervision,repairetc.oftheequipmentinsidethecabin.TheminimuminternaldimensionsshallbeinaccordancewithFigure1ofISO8566
2:1995.
Forcranesdesignedexclusivelyforuseinconfinedspaces(e.g.lifting/travellingunderlowheadroomconditions)thecabindimensionscan
deviatefromISO85662.
4.2.2.6Heatingandventilation
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Meansshallbeprovidedtokeeptheairtemperatureinsidetheclosedcabinat18Cminimumatareferenceoutsidetemperatureof10C.The
cabinshallbesuchastoprotectagainstdraughts.
Thecabinshallbeprovidedwithadjustableventilatingequipment.Theequipmentshallbecapableofsupplyingairfromtheoutside.Thefreshair
valveshallbeadjustable.
Heatingmeanswhicharepoweredbygas,petrol,dieselorburningoilshallbeinstalledinsuchawaythatthereisanadequatesupplyoffreshair
toensurecompletecombustionandthattheexhaustgasescannotingressintothecabinregardlessofwinddirectionandspeed.
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4.2.2.7Doorsandwindows
Allcraneoperatingcabindoors,whetherofslidingorswingingtype,shallbeprovidedwithameansofrestraintfrominadvertentopeningor
closingduringtravellingoroperationofthecrane.Thedooradjacenttothecraneoperatorshallopenoutwardorslidebackwardtoopen.Thedoor
shallbecapableofbeingretainedintheopenposition.
Craneoperatingcabindoorsshallbelockablefromtheoutsidebutnottheinside.Thedoorshallalwaysbeabletobeopenedfromtheinside
withoutakeywhetherlockedornot.
Craneoperatingcabinwindowsshallbeequippedwithlatcheswhichguardagainstopeningthewindowsfromoutsidethecabin.
Allcabinwindowsshallbemadeofamaterialwhichwillnotproducesharpedgesifbroken(e.g.toughenedorlaminatedglass)andthatdonot
losetransparencyinexposuretonaturallight.
Roofwindowsshallwithstandorbeprotectedagainstfallingtools,see4.2.3.
4.2.2.8Cabinlighting
Allcabinsshallbeequippedwithlightingtoallowallinformationcontainedwithinthecabin,suchasmanuals,signs,labelsorratedcapacity
charts,tobereadilylegibleduringoperatingconditionsinaccordancewithISO8995.Thelightingshallbeprovidedbyapermanentinstallation.
4.2.2.9Specificrequirementsforcranetravellingcabins
Cranetravellingcabinswithafloorhigherthan0.65mabovegroundshallhaveentrancesandexitswith:
a. stepwidthofmin.300mm
b. stepdepthofmin.80mm
c. footspaceheightofmin.150mm
d. footspacedepthofmin.150mm
Stepsshall:
e. havethesamedistanceofmax.400mmtoeachother
f. bearrangedinonestraightline.
Theaccessshallhaveergonomichandrails.
4.2.2.10Specificrequirementsforcraneoperatingcabins
Cabinswithafloorhigherthan1.0m(tobemeasuredfromgroundlevel)shallbeprovidedwithhandholds.Othercontrolstationsorcrane
operatingcabinswithdoorsopeningoutwardsabove1.0mheightshallbeprovidedrailingswhichpreventtheoperatorfromanaccidentalheadlong
fall.
Cabinswithafloorhigherthan2.5m(tobemeasuredfromgroundlevel)shallbeprovidedwithaplatformandrailings.Theplatformshallhave
enoughspaceforatleasttwopersons.Othercontrolstationsabove2.5mheightshallbeprovidedwithaplatformwithhandholdsandrailings.
4.2.3Protectionagainstfallingtools
Asaminimumtheroofofthecraneoperatingcabinincludingwindowsintheroofshallbeabletowithstandtheimpactofasteelballweighing7
kg,fallingfromaheightof2m,withoutplasticdeformationsexceeding50mm.
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4.2.4Seats
4.2.4.1General
Thecraneoperatingcabinshallbefittedwithaseathavingsufficientadjustmentstoenablethecraneoperatortooperatethecraneaccordingto
theergonomicprinciplesgiveninENV26385.
Theseatshallbeabletobelockedinitsadjustedpositions.Iffootsupportsand/orarmrestsareprovided,accessibilitytothecraneoperators
seatshallbemaintainedandtheoperationofthecraneshallnotbelimited.
NOTETheseatshouldbeprovidedwithanadjustableheadrest.
4.2.4.2Dimensions
TheseatdimensionsshallconformtoannexE.TheSeatIndexPoint(SIP)isgiveninENISO5353.
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NOTEThedimensionsarebasedonEN23411:1988.
4.2.4.3Adjustments
Alladjustmentstoaccommodatethecraneoperatorssizeandweightshallbereadilyachievablewithouttheuseofanytool.
4.2.4.4Vibrations
Thevalueofvibrationstransmittedbythecraneoperator'sseatshallnotexceedthelimitingvaluesspecifiedinISO7096andISO26311.The
weightedaccelerationshallbelessthanthegivenhealthguidancezonesinISO2631a.Thevibrationtransmittedbythecraneoperator's
handles/armrestsshallbemeasuredandvaluedaccordingtoENISO53491andENISO53492.
4.2.4.5Restraintsystem
Ifarestraintsystemisrequired,itshallconformtoENISO6683unlessotherwisespecifiedbyprevailingroadregulations.
Itispreferredtohavetheseatbeltanchorageattachedtotheseatwiththebeltlockingdevicetothesideofthecraneoperator.Anchorageshall
permittherestraintsystemtobereadilyinstalledorreplaced.
4.2.5Controlsandcontrolsystems
4.2.5.1General
AllsafetyrelatedpartsofthecontrolsmentionedinthesubclausebelowshallbeinaccordancewithEN9541:1996category1,allelectronic
evaluationdeviceswithcategory2.
NOTE1Thecraneoperatorinteractsviaamanmachineinterfacewiththemachineinanopenloopsystem.Thisinterfaceconsistsofcontrol
devicesbymeansofwhichthecraneoperatorinitiatesactionsandbyindicatorsthecraneoperatorreceivesinformation.Inadditioncertainmotionsof
thecranearelimitedbymotion/performancelimitersandtheratedcapacitylimiter.Theselimitersfromanintegralpartofthecontrolsystem.
NOTE2Withthepresentstateofartthecontrolsystemofamobilecranewiththecraneoperatorasapartofthesystemcannotpreventevery
dangeroussituation.Thereareseveralinfluenceswhichcannotbeautomaticallycontrolled.Thefollowinglistisnotexhaustive:
windforcesonthecraneand/ortheload
dynamicinfluencesduetoabruptmotions(influencesoutsidethecontrolsystem)
groundconditions
demolitionwork.
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4.2.5.2Controldevices
ControldevicesshallbeinaccordancewithEN6141,EN8943,EN10053andEN613102.Thearrangementandthedirectionofmovements
ofthecontroldevicesshallbeinaccordancewithISO77522.
Thestartingofamovementshallbepossibleonlybyintendedactuationofacontroldeviceprovidedforthispurpose.
Thecraneshallbeprovidedwithmeanstogiveanaudiblewarningtopersonsinthevicinityofthecrane(e.g.whentheengineisstarted,when
motionsareinitiated).Thisdeviceshallonlybeabletobeactivatedbythecraneoperator.ThewarningshallconformtotheappropriateclausesofEN
457.
Controldevicesforextending/retractingtheoutriggerbeamsshallbeinapositionorprovidedwithmeanswherethemovementsofthe
outriggerscanclearlybeseebythecraneoperatorandfromwherecrushingofthecraneoperatorisnotpossible.Ifthehorizontalmovementofthe
outriggersiscontrolledfromgroundlevel,itshallonlybepossibletoaffectthatmovementonthesidewherethecontrolsaresituated.
Withthepresentstateofartitisnotpossibletoprovideacompleteviewofallthedangerzonesfromonecontrolstation.Thereforemeansfor
theviewingofdangerzones(e.g.mirrors,TVCameras)orcontrolstationsatdifferentplacesrelatedtothehazardousmovementshallbeprovided.
Resettingdeviceswherefittedrequireadditionalprotectiontoavoidinadvertentactivation(e.g.keyswitch).
Onsystemswithelectronicselectorswitches(e.g.keyboards)thebreakdownofthepowersupplywithlossofthestoredinformation,the
recoveryofpowersupplyshallresultinaresetwherebynoselectionisactivated.
Toenablethecraneoperatortochecktheselectedconfigurationandcompareiteasilywiththeconfigurationofthemachineitselfthefollowing
shallbeprovided:
symbolsandfiguresatorneartotheconfigurationselectorswitch,or
incaseofcodedinformation(e.g.thumbwheelwithcodenumbers)thecodenumbershallrefertoeachdifferentconfiguration.Eachcode
numbershallbeprintedintherelevantplaceonthecapacitychart.
4.2.5.3Starting
ThestartingsystemshallbeinaccordancewithEN1037.
Meansshallbeprovidedsothatnounintendedmovementofthecraneispossibleuntilthecraneoperatorisintheprescribedoperatingposition
(e.g.armrestswitch,deadmanswitch,seatswitch).
4.2.5.4Stopping
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Allcontroldevicesshallmovetotheneutralposition(stop)whenreleased.
Anenginecutoffwitharedpushbuttonofmushroomtypeonayellowsurface,thatremainsintheoffposition,toenablethestoppingofthe
engine(s)shallbeprovided.Itshallbelocatedataprominentplaceinthecabinwithineasyreachthroughthedoor.Thesestoppingdevicesarerequired
onlyonengine(s)forloadmotionsandarenotrequiredonspecificengine(s)relatedtotravelandoutriggermotionsonly.
NOTEEmergencystopequipmentaccordingtoEN418doesnotreducethestoppingtimefordangerousmotions.Contrarilyemergencystopcan
generateadditionalhazardsduetoinertiaofmovingmassesiftheyarestoppedabruptly(e.g.swingingoftheload).
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4.2.6Limitingandindicatingdevices
4.2.6.1General
TherequirementsofEN120772apply.
4.2.6.2Requirementsforindicators,displaysandlimiters
4.2.6.2.1General
Allinformationprovidedbytheindicatorsanddisplaysshallbevisiblefromthecontrolpositions,includingremotecontrols,wherethat
informationisrequired.
IndicatorsanddisplaystoensuresafeoperationofthecraneshallbeinaccordancewiththeappropriateclausesofEN8942andEN613101.
AudibleindicatorsshallbeinaccordancewithEN457.VisualindicatorsanddisplaysshallbeinaccordancewiththeappropriateclausesofEN842.
AllsafetyrelatedpartsoflimitingandindicatingdevicesmentionedinthesubclausebelowshallbeinaccordancetoEN9541:1996category1,
allelectronicevaluationdeviceswithcategory2.
Iftwoormoremotionscanbecarriedoutsimultaneously,themotion/performancelimitersshalltakeintoaccounttheeffectsofthepossible
combinations.
Theeffectofonemotionuponanothershallalsobetakenintoaccountbythesystemwheremovementofthatmotionmaycauseanotherlimit
ofmotionorcharacteristicofperformancetobeexceeded.
Theresponseofindicatorsanddisplaysshallfollowthecorrespondingmotionwithasuitableprecision(e.g.5%)andspeed,sothattheyalways
showthecurrentsituation.
Forsteppedvalues(e.g.latticejiblength,ortelescopingjiblengthwithlockingpins)theindicatedvaluesshallcorresponddirectlytotherelated
capacitychart.
Atorneartoeachindicatoratthecontrolstation(s)thereshallbealegibleanddurableexplanationofthefunctionofthedevice(preferablybya
symbol,see7.3ore.g.bythepositionofaselectiondevice,byaturnwheelforfallsofhoistingline).
4.2.6.2.2Motionlimiters
Anymotionwhichhasadesignedrestrictionofmovementhastobekeptinthedesignedrange.Thiscanbedoneeitherbymotionlimitersorby
thedesignofthedeviceitself,e.g.limitedstrokeofahydrauliccylinder.
NOTE1Regardingthestateoftheart,itisimpossibletopreventautomaticallyeverydangerousmotionortopreventautomaticallyevery
collision,e.g.manmachine,machinemachine,machinefixedobstacle.
NOTE2Workingspacelimitersand/oranticollisiondevicescanbeprovidedifagreedbetweenmanufactureranduserofthecrane.These
devicescannotpreventhazardsduetoswingingoftheloadand/orthecraneorpartsofthecranecausedbyabruptstartingorstoppingofmovements
causedbyincorrectoperation.
Whereamotionisprovidedwithamotionlimiter,afterthetriggeringofthatmotionlimiter,movementintheoppositedirectiontoasafe
conditionshallbepossiblewithoutresetting.
Motionswithrestrictedvisibilityanddesignrestrictionswhichcannotbeeasilymonitoredbytheoperatorand/orsupervisor,shallbeequipped
withtwoconsecutivemotionlimitersorbyothermeansprovidingthesamelevelofsafety(e.g.twoindependentanglesensors).
Whereamotionisprovidedwithtwoconsecutivelimiters,itshallnotbepossibletooperatethelimitedmotionafterthesecondlimiterhasbeen
activated.Aresetactionisnecessarybeforethemovementintheoppositedirectionispossible.
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4.2.6.2.3Performancelimiters
Amotionshallhaveaperformancelimiterif:
themotionhasadesignedperformancelimitationwhichifexceededcancauseafailureofthestructureorthemechanisms,overturningofthe
craneorfallingoftheload
thereisanexternalinfluencewhichcancausetheperformancelimitationtobeexceeded(e.g.gravity).
NOTEPerformancelimitersareoftenanintegralpartofthesystem(e.g.:agivendiameterofatubeinahydraulicsystemrestrictstheflowof
hydraulicoilandthereforerestrictsthespeedofloweringtheload).
Performancelimitersshalloperateautomaticallywhentherespectiveperformancelimitisreached.
4.2.6.3Mandatorylimitersandindicators
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4.2.6.3.1General
Theratedcapacitylimiter/indicatorshallconformto4.2.6.3.2and4.2.6.3.3forallratedcapacitiesgivenontheratedcapacitychartandthetest
certificateforthecrane.
Aratedcapacitylimiter/indicatorshalloperateautomaticallywithouttheneedforresettingduringaliftingcycle.
Whereacranecanbeoperatedindifferentconfigurations,thereshallbeapreciseandcontinuousindicationofthecraneconfigurationfor
whichtheratedcapacitylimiter/indicatorhasbeenset.Asaminimumrequirement,theconfigurationselectiondeviceshallprovideadirectdescription
oftheconfigurationselected,orindicateacodewhichcanbecheckedagainstaseparatelistofcodes/configurationswhicharegivenonthecapacity
chartorattachedtoit.
Thelocation/designofanyconfigurationselectingdeviceshallpreventalternationofthesettingbytheoperatorfromtheapplicationofaloadto
thereleaseofthatload,butitshallbereadilyaccessiblewhenevertheconfigurationischanged.
Onmobilecraneswhichcanbeoperatedindifferentconfigurations(e.g.onwheels,onoutriggers,differentcounterweights,differentjiblength,
differentnumberoffalls)nounintendedchangeoftheconfigurationselectionshallbepossible(e.g.locationofselectiondevice,separateconfirmation
ofsettings).
NOTENormallythereisnocheck(automaticplausibilitycheck),whethertheselectedconfigurationcorrespondswiththerealconfiguration.
Selectionsofconfigurationsnotreferringtoconfigurationsofthecranepermittedbythemanufacturershallnotallowthecranetooperate.
Thedesignandinstallationofratedcapacitylimitersandindicatorsshallbeabletowithstandoverloadsduringtestandverificationwithout
dismantlingandwithoutaffectingtheirperformance(see5.1).
4.2.6.3.2Ratedcapacitylimiter
Allmobilecraneshavingaratedcapacityofnotlessthan1000kgoranoverturningmomentofnotlessthan40000Nmshallbefittedwitha
ratedcapacitylimiter.
Theratedcapacitylimitershallpreventthecranefromsupportingaloadoutsidethelimitsofthepermittedradii,andoutsidethepositionsand
loadsshownand/ordescribedontheratedcapacitychartandcurrenttestcertificateorthepermissibleworkingloadoftheropes.
Theratedcapacitylimitershalloperate,withlowestpossibleworkingspeed,between100%and110%oftheratedcapacity.Thistoleranceshallbe
achievedbythecompleteinstallationasfittedtothecrane.
Incaseofincreasedtolerancesadditionalstructuralstrengthandstabilityshallbeprovidedtoachievethesamelevelofsafetyasforabove
mentionedstandardtolerance.Thevaluesofincreasedtolerancesshallbegiveninthecranedocumentation.
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Theratedcapacitylimitershalloperatetooverridethecontrolsofthecrane:
a. topreventanymotionthatwillleadtoanoverloadconditionand
b. topreventdangerousmovementsoftheload.
Foramobilecranethemotionsthatshallnormallybeoverriddenbytheratedcapacitylimiterwhentriggeredare:
i. derrickingout
ii. derrickingin
iii. hoisting
iv. telescopingout.
NOTE1Anoverridekeyforii)maybeprovidedwithinthereachoftheoperator(forderrickinginasuspendedload).
NOTE2Thederrickingin/luffinginofagroundedloadisnottobepermitted(see6.2.2.2g).
Theratedcapacitylimitershallnotpreventthecraneoperatorfromreturningthecontrolstothestoppositionandstartinganymotionsthat
willmovethecranetoasafercondition.
Theratedcapacitylimiter,oncetriggered,shallremainactiveuntiltheoverloadhasbeenremoved.
Whenbridgingdevicesarerequiredforoverloadtesting,riggingandderiggingofthecrane,thebridgingdeviceoftheratedcapacitylimitershall
notbeindirectreachofthecraneoperatorandshallbeunderlockandkey(e.g.inaswitchcabinet).Theratedcapacitylimitershallautomatically
returntoitsnormaloperationwhentheengineisshutdownandstartedagain.
4.2.6.3.3Ratedcapacityindicator
Allmobilecraneshavingaratedcapacityofnotlessthan1000kgoranoverturningmomentofnotlessthan40000Nmshallbefittedwitha
ratedcapacityindicator.
TheratedcapacityindicatorshallgivewarningsinaccordancewithEN457andEN842,forallmotionsthatinduceanapproachtotherated
capacityoranexcessoftheratedcapacityasshownontheratedcapacitychartandthetestcertificateforthecrane.
Theratedcapacityindicatorshallwarn:
a. thecraneoperatorbothvisuallyandaudiblyoftheapproachtotheratedcapacity
b. thecraneoperatorbothvisuallyandaudiblyandpersonsinthedangerzoneofthecraneaudiblysothattheycantakeheedofthewarningwhen
theratedcapacitylimiterisactivated
c. personsinthedangerzoneofthecranevisuallyandaudiblywhentheratedcapacitylimiterhasbeenoverridden.
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Warningsforboththeapproachtotheratedcapacity,andfortheratedcapacitybeingexceeded,shallbecontinuous.Thereshallbeaclear
differencebetweenthewarningforapproachandthewarningforoverload.
Theratedcapacityindicatorshallgiveawarningofapproachtotheratedcapacitystartingbetween90%and97.5%oftheratedcapacityofthe
crane.
NOTEThisgivesthecraneoperatortimetoreacttothewarningandpreventthecranefrombeingoverloaded,e.g.slowingdownofmovements,
topreventtheloadfromswinging.
Noprovisionsshallbemadeforthecraneoperatortocancelawarningfromthecontrolstation,exceptfortheaudiblewarningrequiredbya)
andb)abovewhereacancellationfacilitymaybeprovidedforthiswarningthatonlybecomesoperableafterthewarninghasbeenactivefor5seconds.
Ifsuchacancellationfacilityisused,followedbythecranereturningtoaconditionrequiringanaudiblewarning,thewarningshallautomatically
operate.
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Theratedcapacityindicatorshallcontinueitsfunctionwhentheratedcapacitylimiterisoverriddenduringtesting,riggingorderigging.
Provisionscanbemadetocanceltheaudiblewarningduringcalibrationandtestingofthecrane.Provisionscanalsobemadeforariggingsetting
thatinhibitsaudiblewarningsduringtheriggingofthecrane.
Theratedcapacityindicatorshallbesuchthatitsoperation,butnotnecessarilyitsaccuracy,canbecheckedwithoutapplyingloadstothecrane.
4.2.6.3.4Cranelevelindicator
Thecranelevelshallbeindicatedatornearatthecraneoperatingcabinwithintheviewofthecraneoperator.Mobilecranessupportedby
outriggersshallhaveinadditionacranelevelindicatorateachoutriggercontrolstationwherethelevellingmotion(s)canbecontrolled.Thecranelevel
indicatorshallhaveanaccuracybetterthan0,1ofadegree.
4.2.6.3.5Hoistinglimiter
Allcranesshallbefittedwithahoistinglimitertostopallmotionswhichcancausethehookblocktomakecontactwiththejib/jibheadand
causedamage.Bridgingofthehoistinglimitershallonlybepossibleforriggingoperationsandtransport.Thebridgingdevicehastobeofthetypethat
requirestobeheldintheoverrideposition.
4.2.6.3.6Loweringlimiter
Allcranesshallbefittedwithaloweringlimiter.Asaminimumtheloweringlimitershallensurethreeturnsofropeonthedrum.Bridgingthe
loweringlimitershallonlybepossibleforriggingoperations,transportandchangingoftherope.Thebridgingdevicehastobeofthetypethatrequires
tobeheldintheoverrideposition.
4.2.6.3.7Additionalmandatoryindicators
Allmobilecraneshavingaratedcapacityofnotlessthan1000kgoranoverturningmomentofnotlessthan40000Nmthefollowing
indicationsshallbegivenforthecurrentconfigurationandpositionofthecraneunderthefollowingconditions:
continuousdisplayduringcraneoperation:
a)utilisationofrated
forallconfigurations,givenasananaloguedisplaywithmarkingoftheloadingstatusofthecrane(e.g,greenyellowapproachtorated
capacity
capacityratedoverloadcondition)
b)ratedcapacity
forcraneswitharatedcapacityinexcessof5tonnesadisplayofpermittedloadinaccordancewiththeratedcapacityattheactual
radius/outreachorjibangle
c)workingload
forcraneswitharatedcapacityinexcessof5tonnes(indicationofloadonthehookplusmass(weight)ofhookandblock).
NOTEForthepurposeoferrorcheckingoradjustmentsspecialdisplayssupersedingthecontinuosdisplaymaybeselectedtemporarilyduring
craneoperation(s).
selecteddisplay(tobeselectedmanuallybythecraneoperator):
d1)radius/outreach whenthecraneisonradius/outreachrelatedratedcapacities,onnonslewingcranestheoutreachtothetippingaxisshallbedisplayed
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d2)jibangle
whenthecraneisonanglerelatedratedcapacities
d3)flyjibangle
forluffingflyjibconfigurations,whenthecraneisonanglerelatedratedcapacities
e)windspeed
whenthecranehasajibcombinationlengthinexcessof65m,orwherethestowingtimeismorethan5min
f)slewrange
whenthecranehasslewrangerelatedratedcapacities
g)jiblength
fortelescopicjibcranes
h)jiblock
fortelescopicjibswithlockingmechanisms
i)axlelock
forcraneswithaxlelockingmechanisms
j)fallsofhoistingline forallconfigurations
k)slewposition
whenthecraneisonslewrangerelatedratedcapacities
l)travelling(audible oncranes(ontyresandcrawlers)wheretheoperatorhasnoclearviewimmediatelybehindthecranewhentravellingbackwards.Oncranes
warning)
withadditionalcounterweight(seeA.7)whenslewing.
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4.2.6.3.8Additionalmandatorylimiters
Thefollowingmandatorylimitersshallbefittedtothecraneunderthefollowingconditions:
a)maximumandminimumjibangle
forallconfigurations
b)maximumandminimumflyjibangle
forluffingflyjibconfigurations
c)telescoping
fortelescopicjibcranes
d)slewing
wherethereareslewrangerelatedratedcapacities
e)controlstationposition
forcraneswithmoveablecontrolstations
f)mast/Aframeposition
wheremast/Aframeshallbekeptwithinlimits
g)slackropespecialhazard.
onspecialconfigurations(seeA.7)whereslackropemaycausea
4.2.7Steeringsystem
4.2.7.1SteeringOnroadmobilecranes
Thesteeringshallensuresafehandlingofthevehicleatspeedsuptothosepermitted.Thesteeringsystemsshallhavepowerassistancewith
minimum2independentcircuitsandanautomaticindicationifthepowerassistanceofoneofthecircuitsfails.
NOTE1ThesteeringsystemofonroadmobilecranesissubjectedtonationalandEuropeanregulations(e.g.70/311/EECasamended,with
vehiclecategoryN3).
NOTE2SincetheabovecoverssteeringcontroleffortintheeventofasinglefailureitcanbeassumedtomeettherequirementsofA.3.3.5ofEN
ISO121002:2003.
4.2.7.2SteeringOffroadmobilecranes
Thesteeringequipmentshallensuresafehandlingofthevehicle,includingwherethecraneispermittedtotravelwithload,atspeedsuptothose
permittedbythemanufacturer.
Anycraneconformingtotherequirementsof4.2.7.1canbeconsideredtoconformtotherequirementsofthisclause.
30
Foronsitetraveldesignspeedsof25km/handbelowitisnotnecessarytofitadditionalequipmenttocaterforapowerassistancefailure.
Fortraveldesignspeedsonsitegreaterthan25km/hthesteeringshallnotbecomeinoperativebecauseofthefailureofasinglepowersupply
(electric,hydraulic,pneumatic)toeitherthepowerassistanceofthesteeringsystemorthecontrols.
ThepermittedsteeringcontroleffortrequirementsshallbeasgiveninannexM.
Steeringcontrolsforcrawlercranesshallmeettherequirementsof4.2.5.
4.2.7.3SteeringCraneoperatingcabin
Wherethecraneissteeredfromacraneoperationcabinontherotatingupperstructureanindicationofthedirectionofmovementoran
automaticchangeofthedirectionofsteeringdependingonthepositionoftherotatingupperstructureshallbeprovided.
4.2.8Brakingsystems
4.2.8.1Brakingsystemsforcranemotions
4.2.8.1.1General
Thissubclausecoversstaticholdingbrakesanddynamicbrakingsystemsforcranemechanisms(e.g.hoisting,derrickingandslewing
mechanisms).
Smoothdecelerationofeachcranemotionshallbeachievedbyabrakingsystem(e.g.hydraulicbrake,electricbrake,mechanicalfrictionbrake).
Theminimumrequirementsshallbeasfollows:
a. thewearingsurfaceofallbrakedrumsorplatesshallbesmoothandhomogenous
b. thewearingsurfaceofdiskbrakesmaybeofcompoundliningtypeand/orsinusdisctype
c. brakeliningsshallbeadequatelyandpermanentlysecureduringtheireffectivelife
d. drytypebrakeblocksandliningsshallbeprotectedfromoil,greaseandanyenvironmentalconditionswhichmightaffectbrakeperformance
e. wettypebrakesshallbereliablysealedfortheirlifetime
f. wherethedesignofbrakesrequiresinspectionoftheliningsformaintenance,itshallbepossibletoverifythewearoftheliningswithout
dismantling.Toensureeffectiveoperationofthebrakebetweensuchinspectionsormaintenanceperiodseithersufficienttorquereserveoraself
compensatingsystemshallbeprovided
g. brakemechanismsthatrelyuponairorfluidunderpressureoranelectricalorelectromechanicalmechanismforapplicationshallbesuchthat
thebrakeisappliedautomaticallyintheeventoflossofenergyoftheoperatingsystem
h. staticholdingbrakesforsecuringhoistingorderrickingmotionsshallbesuchthatthebrakesareappliedautomaticallyintheeventoflossof
energyoftheoperatingsystem.Thebrakesshallbeconnecteddirectlytothedrive/mechanism
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i. onmechanismswherethedrivecanbedisconnectedfromthedrumfreefalloftheloadand/orpartsofthecraneshallbeavoidedbyadequate
means(e.g.interlockingarrangement).
31
4.2.8.1.2Hoistingandderrickingbrake
Theholdingbrakeforhoistingandforderrickingsystemsoperatedbyhoistanddrummechanismsshallbeabletoexertarestrainingtorqueat
least33%greaterthanthemaximumtorquetransmittedfromtheropedrumtothebrakeunderworkingorerectionconditions,whicheverisgreater.
Mechanismswithdynamicbrakingsystems(e.g.hydraulicbrakevalve,electricalbraking)shallhaveasecondaryholdingbrakesystemwhichis
independentofthedynamicbrakesrestrainingthesametorqueasfortheprimaryholdingbrake.
Theholdingbrakeshallperformthefunctionofanemergencybrakeforatleastoneoperationintheeventoffailureofthedynamicbrake
systemtoavoidfreefall.Theholdingbrakeshalloperateautomaticallywhentheenergysupplyisswitchedoff.Thedecelerationinanemergencycase
shallnotleadtodamagetothestructure,ropes,drumsandmechanisms.
NOTEAftersuchanemergencystopitmaybenecessarytocarryoutmaintenance,see6.4.3b).
4.2.8.1.3Slewingbrake
Slewingmechanismsshallbeprovidedwithaholdingbrakeoralockingmechanismtoholdthesuperstructureandjibsystemduringoperation
withloadandduringoutofserviceconditioninasafeposition.Theholdingbrake/lockingmechanismshallwithstandatorquemomentatleast25%
abovethetorquerequiredforholdingtheactingtorquederivedfromwindloadscombinedwiththeinclinationpermittedbythemanufacturer.The
lockingmechanismshallbeabletobeactuatedinallpermissibleslewingpositions.
Thecraneshallbeequippedwithadynamicbrakingsystemwhichallowssmoothdecelerationbythecraneoperator.Thedecelerationshallnot
causeanydamagetothestructureofthecrane.Thedynamicbrakingsystemmaybehydraulic,electricofmechanical.
Ifamechanicalbrakeisusedasholdingbrakeandasdynamicbrakingsystem,differentcontrolsforbothapplicationsshallbeprovided.
4.2.8.2Brakingsystemsfortravelmotions
4.2.8.2.1Onroadmobilecranes
Thebrakingsystemshallensuresafedecelerationofthevehicleatspeedsuptothosepermitted.Thebrakingsystemshallhavepowerassistance
andhaveminimum2independentcircuitswithanautomaticindicationifthepowerassistanceofoneofthecircuitsfails.Aparkingbrakeshallbe
fitted.
NOTEThebrakingsystemofonroadmobilecranesissubjecttonationalandEuropeanregulations(e.g.71/320/EECasamendedwithvehicle
categoryN3).
4.2.8.2.2Offroadmobilecranesontyres
Offroadmobilecranesontyreswithaonsitetraveldesignspeedgreaterthan25km/hshallconformto4.2.8.2.1.Offroadmobilecraneson
tyreswithaonsitetraveldesignspeedof25km/horbelowshallconformeithertotherequirementsof4.2.8.2.1oratleasttothefollowing
requirementsfortravelling,parkingandemergencybrakingsystems.
a)Travellingbrakingsystem
Thetravellingbrakingsystemshallhaveanefficiencyofatleast25%ofgravitationalaccelerationmeasuredonadecelerometerwhen
stoppingonlevel,dryandfirmgroundfromhalfofthemanufacturerspermittedoffroadspeedwheninnormaltravellingorderwithout
load.
b)Parkingbrakingsystem
Besidesthetravellingbrakingsystemaparkingbrakingsystemisrequired.Aparkingbrakingsystemshallbefittedtorestrainallthe
loading,windandgradientconditionsspecifiedbythemanufacturerwhenthecraneisinnormaluse.
32
Thisbrakingsystemshallbecapableofholdingtheunloadedcraneinnormaltravellingorderonagradientnotlessthan15%.It
shallalsobeoperatedbyaseparatesystemtothatforthetravelbraking.Theparkingbrakefunctionmaybeachievedbythetravelling
brake.
Testingshalleitherbebymeansofadecelerometeronlevelgroundorfacingbothupanddownagradientof15%minimum.
c)Emergencybrakingsystem
Anemergencybrakingsystemshallbefittedtogainsufficientdecelerationincaseoffailureofthetravellingbrakesystem.The
emergencybrakingsystemshallbeoperatedbyfullyindependentandeasilyaccessiblecontrols.
Parkingbrakeandemergencybrakecanbecombinedinthesamesystemprovidedthatitispurelymechanicallyoperated.The
emergencybrakefunctionmaybeachievedbythetravellingbrakingsystemand/orparkingbrakingsystem.
4.2.8.2.3Offroadmobilecranesoncrawlers
Offroadmobilecranesoncrawlersshallconformtotherequirementsfortravellingandparkingbrakingsystemsfollowingbelow.
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a)Travellingbrakingsystem
Atravellingbrakingsystemshallbefittedcapableofslowingdownandbrakingsoastoensuresafetyunderalltheoperating,loading,
speedandgradientconditionsspecifiedbythemanufacturerwhenthecraneisinnormaluse.
Ifbrakingduringtravelcansafelyandsmoothlybeappliedbyusingthehydraulicdrivingsystemanadditionaltravellingbraking
systemisnotnecessary.
b)Parkingbrake
Aparkingbrakingsystemshallbefittedtorestrainalltheloading,windandgradientconditionsspecifiedbythemanufacturerwhen
thecraneisinnormaluse.
Thisbrakingsystemshallbecapableofholdingtheunloadedcraneinnormaltravellingorderonagradientnotlessthan15%.It
shallalsobeoperatedbyaseparatesystemtothatforthetravelbraking.Theparkingbrakefunctionmaybeachievedbythetravelling
brake.
Iffrictionlosesinthecrawlerdriveallowadequatebraking,anadditionalparkingbrakesystemandaseparateactivationofthebrake
isnotnecessary.Whendeterminingtheselosesthefrictionand/ortheholdingtorqueinthehydraulicmotorshallbeneglected.
4.2.9Protectiondevices
4.2.9.1Movingparts
Thecontrolstationshallbeprovidedinsuchawaythatthehands,arms,theheadorotherpartsoftheoperatorsbodycannotbecrusheddueto
proximityofmovingparts(e.g.jib,derricking,cylinder).ThesafetydistancesofEN294,EN349andEN811shallapply.
Theslewingringandthehoistsshallhaveprotectiontoavoidtheinsertionofhandsorlimbsintheareasofgearing(pinionprotection).All
pointswherehazardscanoccuratopenropeandchaindrivesandothermovedparts(forhoistdrumsseethefollowingparagraph)shallhavea
protectionagainstcrushing,shearingordrawinginoflimbs.ThesafetydistancesspecifiedinTables1,3,4and5ofEN294:1992andEN811apply.
Thehoistdrums,pulleysofjibs,flyjibs,hookblocksshallbeinstalledinsuchawaythatreevingoperationscanbeconductedwithaminimised
riskoftrappingordrawinginofhandsorarmsintojammingareas.Areaswithremainingrisksoftrappingordrawinginshallbeclearlymarked(see
7.2).
33
Handlesshallbeprovidedonhookblockstoremovetheneedtoapproachthetrappinganddrawinginareas.
Thedesignshallensurethataropeisnotabletojumpoffthedrumorsheavessideways,eveninthecaseofslackrope(e.g.ifthedrumis
providedwithflanges,theprojectionoftheflangesabovetheouterropelayershallbeatleastequalto1,5timestheropediameterincaseofsheaves
thegapbetweentheoutsidediameterofthesheaveandtheinsidefaceofthestirruporprotectivecasingsurroundingthesheaveshallnotexceed1/3of
theropediameteror10mmwhichevervalueisthesmallerone).
4.2.9.2Guardsandrestraints
GuardsandrestraintsshallbeinaccordancewithISO116602andEN953.
4.2.9.3Access
4.2.9.3.1General
Thedesignofaccessforerection,dismantling,maintenance,inspectionandtocontrolstationsshallbeinaccordancetoEN13586.
Deviatingfrom6.6ofEN13586:1999,sideprotectionforplatformsandwalkwaysuptoaheightof2,50misnotrequiredif:
a. safeaccesswithrelatedergonomichandrailsorhandholdsforthreepointsupportareprovided
b. freestandingwidthofwalkwayorplatformisatleast0,5m.
4.2.9.3.2Accesstocontrolstations
Theaccesstothecabinsinthedesignedpositionshallbeinaccordancewithtype1accessofEN13586.
Safeegressfromthecraneoperatingcabinshallbepossibleineveryoperatingpositionofthecrane.Ifthisispossibleonlywithmovableaccess
systems(e.g.movableplatformsormovableladders),instructionsforselection,installationandsafeuseofthisaccesssystemsshallbegiveninthe
manual.
NOTERequirementsfortheemergencyexitaregivenin4.2.2.4.
4.2.9.3.3Accessformaintenance,inspection,erectionanddismantling
Theaccesstocomponentsorpartsofthecraneformaintenance,inspection,erectionanddismantling,shallbeinaccordancewithEN13586.
Ifsafeaccessispossibleonlywithpersonalprotectiveequipment(e.g.safetyharness)and/ormovableaccesssystems(e.g.movableplatformsor
movableladders),instructionsforselection,installationandsafeuseofthisaccesssystemsshallbegiveninthemanual.
4.2.9.4Exhaustsystem
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Exhaustsystemsshallbedesignedsothattheemissionsdonotpresentahazardatcontrolstations.Theexhaustsystemshallbeinstalledinsuch
awaythattheexhaustgasescannotingressintotheclosedcabinsprovidedwiththecraneregardlessofwindconditions.
4.2.9.5Hotsurfaces
Thetemperatureofaccessiblesurfaceslocatedlessthan300mmfromforeseenhandpositionsshallnotexceedthe10secondburningpoint
(lowestvalue)fortherelevantmaterialsgiveninEN563.
NOTEProtectiondevicesmayberequiredtoachievetheabovementionedobjective.
Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytosurfacesheatedbysolarradiation.
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4.2.10Hydraulicandpneumaticsystemsandcomponents
4.2.10.1General
Thehydraulicandpneumaticcomponentsshallbesuchthatthepowersystemcanbeoperatedattheintendedmaximumworkingpressure
(includingthepressureduringoverloadtest)withoutfailureofthecomponents.
ThehydraulicpowersystemshallconformtoEN982.ThepneumaticpowersystemshallconformtoEN983.
Thepowersystemsshallhaveadequatefilterstoavoidcontaminationofthemedium.
Inspectionofhoses,fittingsandcomponentsshallbefeasibleexceptthoselocatedinsideframesetc.Itshallbepossibletoinspectdirectlyor
indirectly(e.g.mirror)theendfittingsandthefirst3dlengthofhoseenteringsuchfittings(wheredistheoutsidediameterofthehose).Ifthisisnot
practicablespecialarrangementsshallbeprovidede.g.fitprotectivevalves,shortinspectionperiods(see6.4.2and6.4.3).
4.2.10.2Hydrauliccomponents
4.2.10.2.1General
Everyhydrauliccircuitshallbefittedwithadeviceforindicatingtheworkingpressure,orshallbeequippedwithapressuremeasurementoutlet
towhichameasuringdevicecanbeconnected.
4.2.10.2.2Hydraulicsteelpipes
Hydraulicsteelpipescompletewiththeirendfittingsshallhaveaminimumsafetyfactorof2,5betweenworkingpressureandburstingpressure.
4.2.10.2.3Hydraulichoses
Forthepurposeofthisstandardhydraulichosesareunderstoodtobecompletewiththeirendfittings.
HydraulichosesshallconformtoEN853,EN854orEN856inrespectoftheirtype.Aminimumsafetyfactorof4betweenworkingpressure
andburstingpressureisrequiredforallhoses.
Thehosesshallbeinstalledinsuchawaythattheminimumbendingradiusisinaccordancewiththehosemanufacturer'sspecification.
Hosessubjectedtoaworkingpressureofmorethan15MPa(150bar)shallnotbefittedwithremovablefittings(e.g.screwtype).
NOTEHoseswithfittingsareconsideredtomeettherequirementiftheassemblyrequirestheuseofdedicatedtooling(e.g.apress)andparts
providedbythehosemanufacturer.
Forhydraulichosescontainingfluidwithaworkingpressureofmorethan5MPa(50bar)and/orhavingatemperatureover50Candwhichare
locatedwithin1,0mofthecraneoperatoratthecontrolstation,deflectingshieldsshallbeprovidedtoprotectthecraneoperatorfromhazardsarising
fromsuddenhosefailurewherenoothercomponentorstructureofthecraneperformsthisfunction.
4.2.10.2.4PressureLimitingvalves
Pressurelimitingprotectivevalve(s)shallbefittedineveryhydrauliccircuittoprovideprotectionagainstexcessofpressure.Theadjustmentof
protectivevalvesshallrequiretheuseoftoolsandbecapableofbeingsealed.Thelimitedpressureshallnotexceed110%ofthemaximumworking
pressure.
4.2.10.2.5Hydrauliccylinders
Loadbearinghydrauliccylinders(e.g.luffing,telescoping,outriggercylinder)shallbefittedwithadevice,whichwillstopthemovementinthe
eventofhoseruptureorpipefracture,e.g.automaticclosinghydraulicbrakevalves,
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pilotoperatednonreturnvalves(protectivevalves).Thisdeviceshallbeplacedinsideordirectlyconnectedtothecylinder.
Whereitisnecessarytohaveaconnectiononthecylindersideoftheprotectivevalve(e.g.pressuregaugeforratedcapacitylimiter/indicator)
thanintheeventofafailureinthecircuittheflowshallberestrictedtotheextentthattheoperatorcantakeactionbeforeadangeroussituationarises.
Inadditiontotheabove,wheretwocylindersoperateinparallel(e.g.luffing),asuitablevalvesystem(e.g.protectivevalves)shallbeprovidedto
ensurethatintheeventoflossofpressuretoonecylindertheothercylindershallbeprotectedagainstoverloading.Thedesignandlocationofthese
devicesshalllimitthespeedofmotionwhichcanoccurto10%ofmaximumspeedoftherespectivemotion.
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Ifaconnectionisinstalledbetweenacylinderportandavalve(e.g.aprotectivevalve)intheformofaweldedorfittedpipe,thebursting
pressureforthewholeconstructionshallbeatleast2,5timesthemaximumworkingpressuretowhichthecircuitwillbesubjected.
4.2.10.2.6Hydraulictank
Thehydraulictankshallhavecapacitytostoreatleastthefluidthatiscontainedintheentiresystemwhenallcylindersarefullyretracted.In
additionitshallhavesufficientcapacityforoperationofthehydraulicpumpswhenallcylindersarefullyextended.
Thehydraulictankshallhavedevicestomonitortheminimumandmaximumfluidlevel.
Thehydraulictankshallhaveaccessopeninganddrainvalveforcleaning.
Iftheoilreservoirisofthepressurisedtypethenitshallwithstandthemaximumworkingpressurewithaminimumsafetyfactorof2andbe
fittedwithadevicetorelievepressuresabovethemaximumworkingpressureofthetank.
4.2.10.3Pneumaticcomponents
Theburstingpressureforhosescompletewithconnectionsshallbeatleast4timesthemaximumworkingpressure.
Theburstingpressureforpipescompletewithconnectionsshallhaveasafetyfactorof2,5betweennominalworkingpressureandbursting
pressure.
Compressedaircontrolsorsystemsshallbeprotectedsothatincaseoffailureoftheairpressure(e.g.asaresultofpipeorhosefractureorwhen
thepressureisunacceptablylow)relevantmovementsofthecranearestoppedautomaticallyandremainstopped.
Alowpressurewarningdeviceshallbefitted.
4.2.11Pressurevesselsandfueltanks
4.2.11.1Pressurevessels
NOTEPressurevesselsformingapartofamobilecraneshouldbeinconformitywithEUDirective87/404/EEC.
4.2.11.2Fueltanks
Fuelspillageshallnotbepossibleundernormaloperatingconditions.
Thefueltankshallhaveafillerwith:
a. easyaccess
b. provision(s)forlockablefillercap(s)
c. locationoutsideofthecabinsprovidedwiththecrane.
36
Fuelgasesarisingduringfillingorduringoperationshallnotbeabletoenterthecabin.
Thetanklocationandfacilitiesforfillingshallbesuchthatspillageduringfillingofthetankcannotdrainintotheengineorcabinsorintothe
electricalsystem.
Thefueltankshallhavedevicestomonitoratleasttheminimumfuellevel.
Fuelsystemsshallbefirmlyconnectedtothecrane.Thefueltankandfillerfittingsshallbelocatedinsuchawaythatthepossibilityofdamageto
thetankanditsfittingsisminimised.
4.2.12Electricandelectroniccomponentsandrelatedphenomena
4.2.12.1General
ElectricandelectroniccomponentsshallbeinaccordancewithEN6020432.
4.2.12.2Electromagneticcompatibility(immunity)
Forelectromagneticcompatibility(immunity)theelectricalsystemshallconformtoEN6100062.
Whenusingcertifiedcomponentsfortheelectricalsystemfulfillingtherequirementsoftheabovementionedstandardinaccordancewiththe
recommendationsofthesupplier,testingoftheelectromagneticcompatibility(immunity)ofthewholearrangementisnotnecessary.
4.2.12.4Batteries
Batteriesshall:
a. haveacoverontheterminalsthatisnotconnectedtoground
b. beprotectedagainstinadvertentmovements
c. ifthedangerofgasesarisingexists,thebatteryroomshallbeventilated.
4.2.13Hooksandhookblocks
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Hooks/hookblockssuppliedwiththecraneshallbedesignedforthesamesizeandtypeofropeandshallallowthesamemaximumropepullas
thehoist.Thehookfittedtoahookblockshallbecapabletocarrytheloadderivedfromthemaximumropepullandmaximumnumberoffallsforthe
respectivehookblock.
NOTERequirementsfortechnicalspecificationsofhooksandhookblocksaregiveninannexesK.1andK.3.
4.2.14Specificrequirementsforsparetyres/wheels
Wheresparetyres/wheelsareprovided,theyshallbeattachedsothattheycansafelyberemovedorreplacedontothecrane(e.g.personsdonot
havetobeundertheliftedwheelwhileremovingorattachingthesparetyre/wheel).Manualforcesrequiredtohandlethewheel/tyreshallbesmaller
than500N.
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4.2.15Specificrequirementsforpinjointedjib/flyjibconnections
Provisionshallbemadetoensurethatpersonsdonothavetostandunder/insidesectionstoinsert/removethepinstoavoidshearing/crushing
hazardduringassembly/disassembly.
4.3Visibility
4.3.1Craneoperator'sfieldofview
Theviewofthecraneoperatorwheninprescribedoperatingpositionshallenablehimtoseethefollowingundernormaloperatingconditions:
a. frontview:movementoftheload
b. sideview:movementoftheupper(slewing)structureandthesurroundingoftheworkingarea
c. upperview:movementoftheloadtothetopofthejib
d. rearview:movementoftheupper(slewing)structureandthesurroundingoftheworkingarea.
NOTEFordirectionsb),c)andd)aids(e.g.mirrors,ultrasonicdevices,TVdevices)maybeprovidedtoremedyinadequatedirectview.
Thefrontandtheroofwindowofacraneoperatingcabinshallbeequippedwithmotorisedwindscreenwiper.Thefrontwindowofacrane
operatingcabinshallbeadditionallyequippedwithawasher.Arrangementsshallbeprovidedfordefrosting/demistingthewindows,atleastthefront
window,ofthecabin(s).
Thefrontandtheroofwindowshallbeprovidedwithapermanentlyinstalledadjustablesunvisor/sunscreentoprotecttheoperatorfromthe
glareofthesunbutpermittingtheviewontheload.
4.3.2Lighting
Thecraneshallbeprovidedwithsuitableandadjustablelightingintendedasanaidforthecraneoperatortoilluminatetheimmediatevicinityof
thecraneundernormaloperationalconditions.
Thecraneshallhaveexteriorlightingwhenrequiredforaccessandegress.Thecraneshallhavelightinginthemachineryroomifinspectionis
necessary.
4.4Noiseandnoisereduction
4.4.1Noiseandnoisereductionatsourcebydesign
Themainsoundsourcestobefoundonmobilecranesare:
engine(s)usedforthecranefunctions
pumps,valvesandhydrauliccircuits
cylinders,brakesandothermechanicalcomponents
hoist/derrickgears,slewinggears.
MobilecranesshallbedesignedsothattheAweightedmeasuredsoundpressurelevelinthecraneoperatingcabin,determinedaccordingto
annexG,shallbelessthanorequalto85dB(A).
ItisrecommendedtousethegeneralguidanceinformationgiveninENISO116881onthedesignoflownoisemachinery.
38
NOTE1Thefollowingtechnicalmeasuresarecurrentlyusedtoreducenoiseatsourceonmobilecranes:
choiceoflownoisehydraulicandmechanicalcomponents
useofantivibrationsystemstoreducestructurebornesound
encasementofnoiseradiatingparts
appropriateadjustmentofoperatingspeeds.
NOTE2Theabovelistisnotexhaustive,alternativetechnicalmeasuresfornoisereductionwithidenticalorgreatereffectivenesscanbeused.
NOTE3Thecriterionforassessingtheeffectivenessofthesemeasuresistheactualnoiseemissionvaluesfromthemachineinrelationtoother
machinesofthesamefamilyandnotthenatureofthereductionmeasuresthemselves.
4.4.2NoisereductionbyInformation
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Specificconditionsfornoisereductionduringuseshallbegivenintheinstructionmanual,e.g.keepencasementdevicesclosed,keepcabindoor
andwindowsclosed(ifcompatiblewithsafetyneeds),actuatecontrolssmoothly.
Ifnecessary,forspecialpurposesoutsidetheoperatingcabin,wearingofahearingprotectorshallberecommended.
4.5Fireprotection
4.5.1Fireresistance
Thefloorofthecabinsaswellastheinterior,upholsteryandinsulationshallbemadeoffireretardantmaterial.Thematerialburningrateshall
notexceed150mm/minwhentestedinaccordancetoISO3795.
4.5.2Fireextinguisher
ThecraneshallbeequippedwithaportablefireextinguisherforclassAandBfiresinaccordancewithEN2containingatleast6kgof
extinguishingagent.Thenumber,sizeandtypeoftheextinguishershallbesuitableforthesizeofequipmentonthecrane.Theextinguishershould
preferablybelocatedinacabinorbeaccessibleneartothecontrolstation.Thefilledweightoftheextinguishershallnotexceed20kg.
4.6Requirementsfortransportandtravel
Toavoidrisksduetohazardousmovementsduringtransportandtravel,mechanicallockssecuredtothecraneorhydrauliclockingdevicesshall
beprovided,inparticulartoavoid:
a. unintendedrotationofthesuperstructure
b. unintendedluffingortelescopingofthejib
c. inadvertentextensionofoutriggerbeams.
Meanshavetobeprovidedforthedriverbeforeand/orduringtransporttocheckthatitemsa)toc)areintransportposition(e.g.directvision,
mirrors,warninglights,buzzers).
Meansforlockingofotherstowedcomponentsintendedtobecarriedonthecrane(e.g.hookblock,outriggerplates,counterweight)toavoid
hazardousmovements,shallbeprovided.
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5Verification
5.1Methodsofverification
Thedesignofacraneshallbecheckedbyaconceptualverification(proofofcompetence).
ThisverificationshallbedoneinaccordancewithTable1below.Itshallbecarriedouttoshowadequatesafetyforanyhazard.Theconceptual
verificationisnormallydoneonthefirstcraneofaseriesofcranesofthesametype.
Toensurefitnessforpurposeeverysinglecraneshallbecheckedindividually.Whereaqualitymanagementsystemexists,verificationon
samples(s)ofseries(craneandcomponents)ispermitted.Thisverification(individualcheck)shallbedoneinaccordancewithTable1below.
Configurationsandloadcasesfortheloadtestsshallbeselectedinaccordancewithexperiencefromcalculation,resultsfromconceptualverification
andtheactualresultsfromsinglechecksinserialproduction.
NOTEannexTmaybetakenasguidelinesfortheselectionoftestloads.Testloadsmaybeappliedbyincreasingloadsorincreasing
outreach/radius.
Table1Verificationofsafetyrequirementsincludingtheproofofcompetence(continued)
ConceptualVerification
Sub
clause
4.1.2.3
Safetyrequirement
Calculation
Experiment
Visual
Check
Crane Component
Individual
Check
Loadeffectsonstructures
Loadeffectsonloadbearingcomponents,mechanisms,ropes,chainsandother
4.1.2.4
4.1.2.5
components
4.1.2.6.1
Stability,general
4.1.2.6.3
Stabilityduringerectionanddismantling
L/F
4.1.2.6.4
Stability,effectsduetoelasticity
4.1.2.6.2
Stability,effectsduetoacceleration
Limitstatesforstructures
4.1.3.4
Limitstatesforloadbearingcomponents
4.1.3.4.1
Limitstatesformechanisms
4.1.3.4.2
Limitstatesforropesincludingendfittings
4.1.3.4.2
Ropesystem,diameterofsheavesanddrums
4.1.2.6.4
4.1.3.2
4.1.3.3
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4.1.3.4.3
Limitstatesforchains
4.1.3.4.4
Limitstatesforhooks,sheavesandhookblocks
4.1.3.4.4
Limitstatesforslewring,hydrauliccylinderandothercomponents
4.2.1
Controlstation,pipes,cablesandhoses
4.2.2.2
Controlstation,cabin
4.2.2.3
Sharpedgesandacuteangles
4.2.2.4
Emergencyexit
4.2.2.5
Spaceenvelope
4.2.2.6
Heatingandventilation
4.2.2.7
Doorsandwindows
4.2.2.8
Cabinlighting
4.2.3
Protectionagainstfallingobjects(tools)
4.2.4
Seats,general,dimensionsetc.
4.2.4.4
Seats,vibrations
4.2.5
Controlsandcontrolsystems
4.2.6.3.1
Ratedcapacitylimiter,ratedcapacityindicator
Additionalmandatorylimitersandindicators
4.2.7
Steeringsystems
4.2.8.1
Brakingsystemsforcranemotions
4.2.8.2
Brakingsystemsfortravelmotions
4.2.9.1
Protectiondevices,movingparts
4.2.9.2
Guardsandrestraints
4.2.9.3
Access
4.2.9.4
Exhaustsystem
4.2.9.5
Hotsurfaces
4.2.10
Hydraulicandpneumaticsystems
4.2.11.1
Pressurevessel
4.2.11.2
Fueltanks
4.2.12
Electric/electroniccomponents
4.2.12.2
Electromagneticcompatibility
4.3.1
Craneoperator'sfieldofview
4.3.2
Lighting
4.4
Noiseandnoisereduction
6.1.2
Prohibitionwarning,andinformationsigns
4.2.6.3.2
4.2.6.3.3
4.2.6.3.7
4.2.6.3.8
4.2.12.3
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5.2Testproceduresandconditions
5.2.1General
Thetestproceduresandtestconditionsusedbythemanufacturertoverifythatamobilecraneiscapableliftingratedloadsshallbetakenfrom
ISO4310.Thetestsinclude:
visualinspection
functionalchecks
testswithload:statictests,dynamictests,stabilitytests.
Theselectionofcraneconfigurationsandloadcasestobetestedshallensurethatthestructureandallcomponentsofthecranearesubjectedto
themaximumloadsundertheworstconditionsforeseeablebythemanufacturerwhenthecraneisusedasintended.Thisincludesallpermitted
combinationsofjib,flyjibandluffingflyjibwithallcounterweights,counterweightpositionsandcorrespondingoutriggerpositions.
Loadtestsshallbecarriedoutwiththecraneconfiguredasitisintendedtobeusedwithoutanymodifications(e.g.withoutchangingoutriggers,
withoutextracounterweightorcounterweightinextraposition).
NOTEForthecalibrationoflimitingandindicatingdevicesitmaybenecessarytoliftadditionalloadsondifferentconfigurations.
5.2.2Conceptualverificationbycalculation
Theconceptualverificationbycalculationrequiresadditionaltestswillloadtoverifytheassumptionsandtheresultsofthecalculation.The
selectionoftheloadcasesandconfigurationsforthesetestsshallbedoneforthosecaseswhereminimumsafetyfactorsexist.
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5.2.3Conceptualverificationbyexperiment
Ifverificationduringconceptualverificationisnotdonebycalculation,atestprogramme(loadcasesandconfigurations)shallbesetupwhich
guaranteesthesameadequatesafetyforallconfigurationsandforanyhazardasthatachievedbymeansofcalculation.
Additionallythetestsshallbedonewithminimumandmaximumcounterweight,minimumandmaximumradiusofcounterweightandthe
accordingoutriggerpositions.Thetestloadsshallbeselectedasfollows(forinterpretationoftestpointsseeFigureT.1):
a. testloadsatorneartotheminimum(1),medium(2)andmaximumradius(3)wherethestaticanddynamictestloadcanbeappliedbyincreasing
radiusorload
b. astatictestloadfortheminimumradius(4).
5.2.4Examinationaftertest
Afterthetestathoroughexaminationcheckingforfailuresordefectsshallbemade.
NOTEThepersoncarryingoutanexaminationmayaskforanydismantlingornondestructivetesting,whichisconsiderednecessarytoreveal
potentialdefects.
5.2.5Testreport
Aftertheexaminationareportshallbepreparedlistingtheconclusionsandfindingsofthetestsandexamination.Thetestreportshallidentify
thecranetested,andshallgivethedateandlocationofthetestsandthenameofthetestsupervisor.Itshalllisttheconfigurations,proceduresand
findingsineachcase.RequirementsandanexampleofaformatisgiveninannexU.
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5.3Verificationbasedonnoiseemissionvalues
Noiseemissionvaluesofmobilecranesshallbemeasured,declaredand,ifneeded,verifiedaccordingtothenoisetestcodegiveninannexG.
NOTEAccordingto1.7.4finannexAofENISO121002:2003,thedecisiontodeterminethesoundpowerlevelistobetakenfromthe
measuredvalueoftheemissionsoundpressurelevel.
6Informationforuse
6.1Formatofinstruction
6.1.1General
TherequirementsofEN126441shallapplytogetherwiththefollowingadditionalinformation:
Aninstructionmanualshallbeprovidedbythesupplier,havingcontentsthataretheresponsibilityofthemanufacturer
Thetextshallbewrittensothatatrainedpersonwillunderstandit,withallinformationbeingexplicitandcomprehensive.
Allpartsshallhaveclearidentificationtowhichcranetheyapply,includingasaminimum:
titleofinstructionmanual
titleofotherparts(ifnecessary)
modelandserialnumberofthecrane
listofcontentswithpagenumbering.
NOTETheinstructionmanualmaybepublishedinseparatevolumes.Whereappropriate,crossreferencestootherpartsshouldbemadetoavoid
unnecessaryrepetition.Clearandsimpleillustrations,diagrams,graphsandtablesshouldbeusedinpreferencetowrittentextandbeplacedadjacentto
anycorrespondingtext.
Theinstructionmanualshallbe:
compliedinthelanguage(s)ofthecountrythecraneisdeliveredto
simpletounderstandandhaveadequateexplanatorynotes
writtenininternationallyrecognizedterms,definitions,unitsandsymbols.
6.1.2Technicaldataandinformation
Theinstructionmanualshallgivethefollowinginformation:
a. adrawingofthecranewithmaindimensions,numberandlocationofmaincomponents
b. adescriptionandexplanationaboutintendeduse,classification(forguidanceseeISO43012),ratedcapacity,designlimitsandserviceconditions,
forwhichthecraneisdesignedandbuilt.Inparticularinandoutofservicewindspeedsandsailareaofload(See4.1.2.2.2)shallbegiven
c. serviceconditionsandactivitiesforwhichthecraneshallnotbeused
d. informationaboutcranemarking(Seeclause7andannexQ)
43
e. ratedcapacitychartsspecifyingtheratedcapacityofthecraneforallitspermittedoperatingconfigurationsreadilyaccessibletothecrane
operatoratthecontrolposition
f. adescriptionofthelimitingandindicatingdevices
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g. adescriptionofthecontrolsystem(s)
h. whereappropriate,adescriptionofemergencyescape(s)
i. importanttechnicaldatafortheassemblysuchasmasses(weights)ofparts,reactionforcesonsupportingparts,powersupply,inservice,outof
serviceandtestconditions
j. whereappropriate,requirementsforoutriggersupportsandcrawlers
k. whereappropriate,thearrangementandamountofthecounterweightincludingthemeansofassemblyanddisassembly
l. wherenecessaryfortransportationandassembly,thedimensionsandmass(weight)ofthecraneorcranepartsandthesupportingorsuspending
instructions,aspredeterminedbythemanufacturer
m. theinstructionmanualandthetechnicaldocumentationdescribingthemachineryshallgive:
thedeclarednoiseemissionvalue(s)ofthemobilecraneinaccordancewith1.7.4finannexAofENISO121002:2003andENISO
4871.ThenoisedeclarationshallconsistofdualnumbernoiseemissionvaluesasspecifiedinENISO4871
thereferencetoannexG,accordingtowhichthedeterminationofthesevalueshasbeencarriedout
therecommendationsasspecifiedin4.4.2
n. whereappropriate,valueofvibrationincludingdescriptionoftestmethodandoperatingconditionsduringmeasurement
o. adrawingindicatingthepositionsofeachwarningsignfixedtothecrane
p. informationforcomponentsandmaterialsrequiringspecialisedrepairtechniques
q. testcertificates(seeannexesR,SandU)
r. specificationforhookblock(s)(seeannexK.3).
Asecondcopyoftheinstructionmanualshallbegivenbythemanufacturerforplanningtheliftingoperation.
6.2Instructionsforuse
6.2.1General
Theinstructionsforuseshallspecifythedutiesofthecraneoperatorbefore,duringandaftercraneoperation.Thecraneoperatorshallbemade
awareaboutthedangerforpeopleenteringtheworkingarea.
Theinstructionmanualshallincluderequirementsfortheusertoensurethattheserviceconditionsarecompatiblewiththecranespecification:
a. checkingtheliftingoperationtobeinaccordancewiththeintendeduseofthecrane(e.g.requiredcranecapacity,workingradius,hookheight),
accordingtoISO124801
b. checkingthesiteconditions(e.gwindincludingsiteeffects,snow,adversetemperature,visibility)
44
c. checkingthatfitnessforpurposeofallparts(e.gcomponents,additionalparts,loadliftingattachment,slings)hasbeenverified
d. checkingground/supportconditionsforthemaximumloadingimposed.
NOTEChecksshouldbemadetoinsurethatthegroundcanwithstandtheforcesimposedbythemobilecrane(outriggers,crawlers,wheels,
etc.).Specialattentionshouldbepaidtohiddengrounddeficiencies,meltingiceoroverflooding.Informationaboutnecessarymeasuresshouldbegiven
ifthegroundconditionisindoubtorthegroundpressureisexceedingthelimitingvalue.
6.2.2Craneoperatorinstructions
6.2.2.1Checksbeforestartingacraneoperation
Beforestartingacraneoperationthefollowingchecksarerequired:
a. evaluationoftheloadingconditionbeforeliftingaload
b. cranepositioning,groundconditions,horizontalsupport
c. check,whereaccessible,theconditionofallropes(includingtheirendtermination(s)),drumsandsheaves
d. indicatorsofthemobilecrane(e.g.loadingcondition,fluidlevel,engineoperation,hydraulicpressure,electricpowersupply,wearlimits,wind
speed)
e. clearandunrestrictedviewoftheloadandworkingarea.Ifnot,checkthecommunicationsystembetweensupervisorandcraneoperator
ensuringsafeoperation
f. requiredcapacityofthecrane,permittedandexpectedgroundpressure
g. correctfunctionofthesafetydevices
h. communicationbetweencraneoperatorandslinger.
6.2.2.2Specificsafetyrequirementsduringoperation
Thefollowingaspectsshallbeconsidered
a. evaluationoftheloadingconditionbeforeliftingaload
b. correctuseofslings(ropeorchain),hookverticalovercentreofgravityofload
c. startingandstoppingofmovements
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d. stoppingofmovementsincaseofemergency
e. combinedmovements
f. approachingthelimitingconditions
g. Prohibitionofthedraggingofloadsincludingtheliftingofanoverloadbyderrickingin
h. precautionstoavoidcontactbetweentheloadortheloadliftingattachmentandthestructure
i. behaviourofthecraneoperatororpersonsinthevicinityofthecraneintheeventofstormorthunderstormwithlightning
j. measurestobetakenafterlightninghitsthecrane
k. measurestobetakeniftheratedcapacitylimiterbridgingdeviceisprovidedandused(see4.2.6.3.2).
45
6.2.2.3Leavingthemobilecraneoutofservice
Thefollowingaspectsshallbeconsidered:
a. outofserviceconditionofthecraneandliftingattachment(e.g.parkingposition)
b. stoptheengine,cutoffthepowersupply
c. lockingthecraneoperationcabin(s)orsecuringthecontrolequipmentd)precautionstobetakenintheeventofstormorthunderstormwith
lightning.
6.3Instructionsforassembly,erection,disassemblyandtransport
Theinstructionsshallspecifythesequenceofoperationsbefore,duringandafterassembly,erection,disassemblyandtransport.Ifappropriate,
theinstructionmanualshallgiveatestprogrammetoverifytheassembly.
Theinstructionsshallhighlightthedangertopersonsenteringtheassembly,erection,disassemblyandtransportationarea.
Theinstructionsshallgiveclearandsafeprocedure(s)forassembly/disassemblyofpinjointedjib/flyjibsections,particularattentionbeingdrawn
tothedangerofunsupportedsectionshinging/falling.
6.4Instructionsformaintenanceandinspection
6.4.1General
Instructionsincludingdrawings,whereappropriate,forthemaintenanceofthecraneallowingtheidentificationofreplacementpartsshallbe
given.
Theinstructionmanualshallgiveinstructionsonspecifictaskstobecarriedoutatdefinedintervals,inordertomaintainthesafeconditionof
thecrane.
Theinstructionmanualshallcontaininformationtoensurethatallmaintenanceoperationscanbecarriedoutsafely.Attentionshallbedrawnto
allhazardswhichmayoccurduringmaintenance.
Theinstructionmanualshallgivethenecessarydetailsforachievingtheadequatelevelofmaintenance.Thisshallbedonebytheprovisionof
schematiccharts,checklistsandtestvalues.
6.4.2Instructionsformaintenance
Themaintenanceoperationshallcover:
preventivemaintenanceamountandperiods(e.g.lubricationintervals,changeoffiltersandwearparts,tyretypeandtyrepressure,tensionor
torquemomentofbolts/screws,inspectionofropes).Partsandtoolsneededforpreventivemaintenanceshallbelistedintheinstructionmanual.Alist
ofchecks,inspections,examinationsandtests,includingthesafeconditionsforcarryingthemout,shallbegivenb)thetimeintervalfortestingin
accordancewiththedesignshallbegiven
c)criteriaandadequaterecordstoenablethedeterminationoftheapproachtothedesignlimitsofthecraneanditscomponentsduringintended
lifetime(e.g.safeworkingperiodofhoists).Ifindicatingorrecordingdevicesareusedtoachievethis,instructionsfortheuseandthemaintenanceof
thedevicesshallbegiven
d)theexaminationandtestprogrammeafteralongoutofserviceperiod,thatmeansifoutofserviceperiodexceedstimeintervalfortesting
accordingtob),andthenecessaryactionsbeforeusingthemobilecraneagainshallbegiven(e.g.lubricating,cleaningofcomponents,checkofcontrol
systemandsafetydevices)
e)warningfortheservicebynonspecialisedpersons,andforreplacementofpartswhicharenotguaranteedtobeinaccordancewiththe
manufacturersspecification
46
f)conditionsforreplacementorrepairofelementsinsteadofreplacementwherenecessaryandappropriate.Themanufacturerorcompetent
personshallconsiderwhethertheoriginalverificationisstillvalidafterrepairorreplacement.
NOTE1GuidanceforconditionmonitoringisgiveninISO124821.
NOTE2Guidanceforperiodicalcheck,inspection,examinationandtestisgiveninISO124801.
6.4.3Instructionsforinspection
Beforefirstuse:
Theinstructionmanualshallgiveinstructionsfortherelevantinspectionsbeforefirstuseafteramaintenanceorrepair.
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Periodicalchecks:
Ifinspectionsarenecessarytoensurethatthecraneissafeforuse,instructionsforperiodicalchecksshallbeprovided,e.g.forholdingbrakes,
forhoistingmotionaccordingto4.2.8.1.2.
6.5Instructionsfortraining
Theinstructionmanualshallgiveinformationforthetrainingofthecraneoperator,todevelopbasicoperationalskillandtoprovidetherequired
knowledgeforthesafeuseofthecrane.Thisincludes:
a. thetechnicaldata,ratedcapacity,safetydevicesnecessarytoknowbeforeoperatingthecrane
b. thecontrolsandtheirlayout
c. thetelephone,radioortelevisioncommunicationsusedforthecontrol
d. safetyadvice,signsandinformation.
NOTEThecraneowner/userisresponsibleforadequatetrainingofthecraneoperators.
6.6Instructionsforspareparts
Asparepartslistshallbeprovidedtocoverthecompletemobilecrane.Thelistshallincludeidentificationandlocationforallitemssuppliedas
replacementpartsorassemblies.
NOTEForfurtherinformationseeISO109731.
7Marking
7.1Machinemarking
ThemanufacturersmachinemarkingincludingtheCEMarkshallbeinaccordancewithannexQ.
7.2Warningsigns
Prohibition,warningandinformationsignsshallbeinaccordancewithISO3864,ISO6309andISO13200.
7.3Graphicsymbols
GraphicsymbolsusedforcontrolsandindicatorsshallbeinaccordancewithISO7000,ISO72961andISO72962.
47
7.4Markingofcraneparts
Partsofthecranewhicharedisassembledandtransportedseparately(e.g.latticejibintersection,partofthecounterweight)shallbeidentifiedby
markingsifthereisariskofunintendedinterchange.
NOTEForconnectingelements(e.g.pins,bolts,screws)separatetransportpositionsonthemainparts(e.g.latticejibintersection)should
preferablybeprovided.
Formainpartswhichneedtobehandledbyusingloadliftingattachments,theweight,thepositionoftheliftinglugsandfornonsymmetrical
partsthecentreofgravityshallbemarkedonthepartitself.Ifthesepartsneedtobehandledincombinationwithotherpartsduring
assembly/disassemblysuchinformationshallbegiveninrespectiveconfiguration/transportdrawings.
7.5Markingofoutriggers
Outriggersshallbemarkedtoshowthefullyextendedpositions.Wherethecraneratedcapacitychartspermitintermediateposition(s)theyshall
alsobemarkedandidentifiedaccordingtothecharts.
49
48
AnnexA
(normative)
Examplesofmobilecranetypes
FigureA.1
Industrialmobile
FigureA.2Mobilecrane
withtelescopicjib
withtelescopicandflyjib
crane
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withlatticejib
FigureA.4Mobile
FigureA.6Crawlercrane
cranewithluffingfly
jib
*1)
maxTL
Maximumoutputtorqueduetothenominalloadoftherope.SeeTable1
ofFEM5.004:1994,case1thefrictionlossesshallbeconsidered.
TL,m
*2)
TFg
Averageoutputtorquecalculatedunderconsiderationofthespectrum
classaccordingtoT.2.1.3.3ofFEM1.001:1998,part2.
Outputtorqueduetospecialloadingcondition:testload
Additionalspecialloadingconditions(e.g.duringcraneerectionor
dismantlingseeTable1ofFEM5.004:1994,case3II)shallbe
specifiedinanenclosuretothetechnicalspecification.Theenclosure
shallincludeadequateexplanationsandcomments.Minimum
requirementsare:
theoutputtorque
theoperatingtimeofthemechanismrelatingtotheloadspectrum
theaverageoutputrevolutions.
*3)
maxn
Maximumoutputrevolutions
nm
AverageoutputrevolutionsoccurringatthesametimetoTL,m
*4)
TBr
Requiredstaticholdingtorqueofthebrakecalculatedfromthemaximum
outputtorque(maxTL)amplifiedwiththerequiredsafetyfactor(see
4.2.8.1.2).
Specialloadingcasesbyderrickingmechanisms(e.g.theoutputtorque
duetoloadeffectsduringcraneerectionordismantlingshallbe
additionallyconsidered.
*5)
Thedynamicbrakingtorqueresultsfromboththemaximumoutput
torque(maxTL)andthedynamictorqueresultingfromtherequired
brakedeceleration.
Normallyadditionaldataisrequiredtocalculateandtoproducea
dynamicbrake.Thereforethisdatashallbespecifiedinanenclosureto
thetechnicalspecification.Theenclosureshallincludetheadequate
explanationsandcomments.
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50
FigureA.8Mobileharbourcrane
FigureA.7Mobilecranewithadditionalcounterweight
51
AnnexB.1
(informative)
Majorpartsoftelescopiccranes
FigureB.1.1Examplesofmajorparts
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FigureB.1.2Examplesofjibsandjibcombinations
52
AnnexB.2
(informative)
Majorpartsoflatticejibcranes
FigureB.2.1Examplesofmajorparts
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FigureB.2.2Examplesofjibsandjibcombinations
53
AnnexC
(normative)
Listofhazards
Thisannexcontainsallthesignificanthazards,hazardoussituationsandevents,asfarastheyaredealtwithinthestandard,identifiedbyrisk
assessmentassignificantforthistypeofmachineryandwhichrequireactiontoeliminateorreducetherisk.
ThesignificanthazardsarebaseduponEN1050,thenumberingfollowsthesequenceofEN1050,TableA.1.Alsoshownarethesubclause
referencestothesafetyrequirementsand/orprotectivemeasuresinthisstandard.Beforeusingthisstandarditisimportanttocarryoutarisk
assessmentofmachinetocheckthehazardshavebeenidentifiedintheannex.
TableC.1Listofhazards(Continued)
No
AnnexAofEN
ISO121002:
2003
Significanthazardsandhazardousevents
ENISO
12100
part1
ENISO
12100
part2
Requirement
clause(s)inthis
standard
Mechanicalhazardsdueto
machinepartsofworkplaces
1.3
4.2
3.1,3.2,4 4.1,4.2
accumulationofenergyinsidethemachinery
1.5.3,1.6.3
4.2
3.8,
4.2.10
6.2.2.
1.1
Crushinghazard
1.3
4.2.1
4.2.9
1.2
Shearinghazard
1.3
4.2.1
4.2.2.3,4.2.9
1.4
Entanglementhazard
1.3
4.2.1
4.2.9
1.5
Drawinginortrappinghazard
1.3
4.2.1
4.2.9
1.9
Highpressurefluidinjectionorejectionhazard
1.3.2
4.2.1
3.8
4.2.10.2
Electricalhazards
1.5.1,1.5.2,1.6.3
Thermalhazardsresultingin:
3.1
Burns,scaldsandotherinjuriesbyapossiblecontactofpersonswithobjectsormaterialswithan
1.5.5,1.5.6,1.5.7
4.4
4.4
4.3
3.9,6.2.2 4.2.12,6.2
4.2.9.5
extremehighorlowtemperature,byflamesorexplosionsandalsobytheradiationofheatsources
3.2
Damagetohealthbyhotorcoldworkingenvironment
1.5.5
Hazardsgeneratedbynoise,resultingin:
4.1
Hearingloss(deafness),otherphysiologicaldisorders(e.g.lossofbalance,lossofawareness)
1.5.8
4.2
Interferencewithspeechcommunication,acousticsignals,etc
1.5.8
4.2.2.6
4.2.9.5
4.5
3.2,4
4.4.1,4.4.2
4.5
3.2,4
4.2.5.2,4.2.6.2,
4.4.1,4.4.2
Hazardsgeneratedbyvibration
1.5.9
Hazardsgeneratedbymaterialsandsubstances(andtheirconstituentelements)processedor
4.6
3.2
4.2.4.4
exhaustedbythemachinery:
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7.1
54
Hazardsfromcontactwithorinhalationofharmfulfluids,gases,mists,fumesanddusts
1.1.3,1.5.13,
4.8
3.3b,3.4 4.2.2.6,4.2.9.4
4.8
1.6.5
7.2
Firehazardorexplosionhazard
1.5.6,1.5.7
3.4
4.5
Hazardsgeneratedbyneglectingergonomicprinciplesinmachinerydesignas,e.g.hazardsfrom:
8.1
Unhealthyposturesorexcessiveefforts
1.1.2d,1.1.5,
4.9
3.6.1,
4.2.2,4.2.4,
6.2.1,
4.2.5
1.6.2,1.6.4
6.2.3,
6.2.4,
6.2.6
8.2
Inadequateconsiderationofhandarmorfootleganatomy
1.1.2d,2.2
4.9
3.6.2
4.2.5
8.4
Inadequatelocallighting
1.1.4
3.6.5
4.2.2.8,4.3.2
8.6
Humanerror,humanbehaviour
1.1.2d,1.2.2,
4.9
3.6,
4.1,4.2.5,4.2.6,
1.2.5,1.2.8,
3.7.8,
6,7
1.5.4,1.7
3.7.9,5,
6.1.1
8.7
Inadequatedesign,locationoridentificationofmanualcontrols
1.2.2
3.6.6,
4.2.5.2
3.7.8
8.8
Inadequatedesignorlocationofvisualdisplayunits
1.7.1
3.6.7,5.2 4.2.6.2
10
Unexpectedstartup,unexpectedoverrun/overspeed:
10.1
Failure/disorderofthecontrolsystem
1.2.7,1.6.3
10.2
Restorationofenergysupplyafteraninterruption
1.2.6
3.7.2
10.3
Externalinfluencesonelectricalequipment
1.2.1,1.5.11,
3.7.11
4.2.12
4.2.6.2.3
3.7,6.2.2 4.2.5.1
4.2.5.2,4.2.5.3,
4.2.5.4
4.1.2.8
10.4
Otherexternalinfluences(gravity,wind,etc.)
1.2.1
3.7.3
14
Failureofthecontrolcircuit
1.2.1,1.2.3,
3.7,6.2.2 4.2.5.1,4.2.5.2,
1.2.4,
4.2.5.4
1.2.5,1.2.7,1.6.3
15
Errorsoffitting
1.5.4
4.9
3.7,6.2.1 4.2.6,4.2.9
18
Lossofstability/overturningofmachinery
1.3.1
4.2.2
6.2.5
4.1.2,4.1.3
19
Slip,tripandfallofpersons(relatedtomachinery)
1.5.15
4.2.3
6.2.4
4.2.9
Additionalhazardsduetomobility
20
Additionalhazardsrelatingtothetravellingfunction:
20.6
Insufficientabilityofmachinerytobesloweddown,stoppedandimmobilised
3.3.3,3.3.5
21
Additionalhazardslinkedtotheworkposition
21.1
Fallofpersonsduringaccessto(at/from)theworkposition
3.2.1,3.2.3,
4.2.5.2,4.2.8.2
4.2.9.3
3.4.5,
3.4.7
21.2
Exhaustgases/lackofoxygenattheworkposition
3.2.1
4.2.9.4
21.3
Fire
3.2.1,3.5.2
4.5.1,4.5.2
21.4
Mechanicalhazardsattheworkposition
3.2.1,3.4.3,
4.2.2.3
3.3.4,
3.4.2,3.4.4,
55
21.5
Insufficientvisibilityfromtheworkpositions
3.2.1
4.3.1
21.6
Inadequatelighting
3.1.2
4.2.2.8,4.3.2
21.7
Inadequateseating
3.2.2
4.2.4
21.8
Noiseattheworkposition
3.2.1
4.4,5.3
21.9
Vibrationattheworkposition
3.2.1,3.2.2,
4.2.4.4
3.6.3
21.10 Insufficientmeansforevacuation/emergencyexit
3.2.1
4.2.2.4
22
Additionalhazardsduetocontrolsystem:
22.1
Inadequatelocationofmanualcontrols
3.2.1,3.3.1,3.4.5
22.2
Inadequatedesignofmanualcontrolsandtheirmodeofoperation
3.2.1,3.3.1,3.3.3
4.2.5.2
23
Additionalhazardsfromhandlingthemachine,lackofstability
3.1.3
4.1.2,4.1.3
24
Additionalhazardsduetothepowersourcehazardsfromtheengineandthebatteries
3.4.8,3.5.1
4.2,12.4
25
Additionalhazardsfromthirdpersons,unauthorisedstartup/use
3.3.2
4.2.2.7,4.2.5.3,
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.4
26
Additionalhazardsfrominsufficientinstructionsforthedriver/operator
3.6
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26
Additionalhazardsfrominsufficientinstructionsforthedriver/operator
Additionalhazardsduetolifting
3.6
27
Mechanicalhazards:
27.1
27.1.1 Lackofstability
Fromloadfalls,collisions,machinetippingcausedby:
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.6
27.1.2 Uncontrolledloadingoverloadingoverturningmomentsexceeded
4.2.1.4,4.3.3,
4.2.6
4.1.2.6a,4.2.1.3
4.1.2.6.4b,
4.4.2a
27.1.3 Uncontrolledamplitudeofmovements
4.2.5.1,
4.2.6.2.2,
4.2.6.2.3
27.1.4 Unexpected/unintrendedmovementofloads
4.1.2.6e
4.2.5.2,4.2.5.3,
27.1.5 Inadequateholdingdevices/accessories
4.1.2.6e,4.4.1
4.2.6.2.2
27.1.6 Collisionofmorethanonemachine
4.1.2.6b
4.2.6.2.2
27.4
Frominsufficientmechanicalstrengthofparts
4.1.2.3
4.1.2,4.1.3
27.5
Frominadequatedesignofpulleys,drums
4.1.2.4
4.1.2.5,4.1.3.4
27.6
Frominadequateselectionofchains,ropes,liftingandaccessoriesandtheirinadequateintegration 4.1.2.4,4.1.2.5,
4.1.2.5,4.1.3.4
4.1.2,4.1.3,5.2,
4.2.5.4,4.2.8
intothemachine
4.3.1,
4.3.2
27.8
Fromabnormalconditionsofassembly/testing/use/maintenance
4.4.1,4.4.2d
6.2,6.3
28
Electricalhazardsfromlightning
4.1.2.8
6.2.2.2,6.2.2.3
29
Hazardsgeneratedbyneglectingergonomicprinciples,insufficientvisibilityfromthedriving
4.1.2.7,4.4.2c
4.3,6.2.1,6.2.2
position
56
AnnexD
(normative)
Loadeffectsofcombinedmotions
Inthecaseofcrawler,truckandtelescopiccranestheloadismovedbyhoisting(H),slewing(SI),luffing(Lu)(i.e.derricking),travelling(Tr)
andtelescoping(Te),seeFiguresD.1,D.2andD.3.
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FigureD.1Crawlercrane
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FigureD.2Craneonoutriggers
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FigureD.3Telescopiccraneonoutriggers
Theaccelerationeffectsofthesemotionsactingsimultaneouslyonthecranedependontheircontrol,theserviceconditionsofthecraneand
whethertheloadishoistedfromthegroundorifasuspendedloadishoisted(seeTableD.1).
Ifamobilecraneisdesignedtocarryoutsimultaneousmovements,theloadeffectsoftwoofthesemovementsshallbetakenintoaccount.
Incaseofhoistingagroundedload,onlytheeffectofhoistingaccelerationshallbeconsidered.
TableD.1Loadcombinations,oneortwosimultaneousmovements
Hoistingagroundedload
LoadcombinationsA1,B1,C1
Hoistingasuspendedload
LoadcombinationsA2A4,B2B4,C3
NOTELoadcombinationsA,B,CareaccordingtoTable3ofISO86861:1989.
59
Inspecialcasestheeffectsofthreeormoresimultaneousmovementscanbeconsidered,tobedecidedbythedesigner(seeTableD.2).
TableD2Loadcombinations,morethantwosimultaneousmovements
Hoistingasuspendedload
60
Movingasuspendedload
AnnexE
(normative)
Craneoperator'sseatdimensions
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E.1General
Thisannexspecifiesdimensionsandadjustmentsrangeforuprightcranedriverseatsforuseonmobilecranes.
E.2Dimensionsofcranedriversseat
forthecranedriversseatandrelatedadjustmentsshallbeinaccordancewithFigureE.1andTableE.1.Allseatdimensionsandadjustments(if
provided)arereferencedtotheS.I.PasdefinedinEN25353.
E.3Otherdimensionsoradjustments
Nominalvaluesofdimensionsregardingseatelements,theirmutuallocationsandadjustmentsshallbeestablishedonthebasisofergonomic
requirementstakingintoconsiderationcranedriversizes(accordingtoEN23411:1988)from5thpercentilefemalethrough95thpercentilemale.
DimensionsandadjustmentsotherthanthoseinthisannexEmaybeusedonlyiftheyprovidebetteraccommodationofthecranedriver.
FigureE.1Seatdimensions(seeTableE.1)
61
TableE.1Seatdimensionsandadjustments
Dimension
Description
Key
Minimum
Nominal
Maximum
Z1
Seatcushionlength
215mm
265mm
315mm
Z2
Seatcushionangle
1,2
10
15
Adjustment
1,3
+/3
+/5
Z3
Seatcushionwidth
430mm
500mm
Z4
Forward/backwardadjustment
1,4
100mm
150mm
Z5
Verticaladjustment
1,4
60mm
Z6
Backcushionheight
1,5
150mm
400mm
Z7
Backcushionwidth
1,6
300mm
500mm
Z8
Backcushionangle
1,7
10
15
(ifapplicable)
1,3
+/3
+/5
Z9
Lateralgapbetweenarmrests
1,8
450mm
500mm
550mm
Z10
Armrestwidth
1,8
50mm
75mm
Key
1. Themax.andmin.valueslistedmaybechangedbasedonergonomicjustificationorbetteraccommodationfortheoperator.
2. AngleofthetopoftheseatbaseoftheSIPdeviceafterbeingpositionedandweightedusingtheseatindexpointmeasuringdeviceandproceduresasgivenin
ENISO5353.
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ENISO5353.
3. Angleadjustment,ifprovided,isbasedfromthemidposition.
4. Adjustmentvaluesaretotaladjustments.
5. Wherefreeswingofshouldersandarmsoverthetopofthebackisnecessarilyorappropriateforvisibilitywhentravellinginreverseorwhencontrollingrear
mountedimplements,themaximumbackheightshouldbe300mm.
6. Wherefreebackwardswingoftheelbowsisdesired,themaximumwidthshouldbe330mm.
7. Measuretheangleofthecentrelineofthebackcushion.Ifalumbarsupportisprovided,itshouldbesetatthemidrangeposition,andthebackangle
measuredoncentrelineofthebackcushionabovethelumbarsupport.Forbackcushionswithalumbarsupport,theallowableanglesofTableE.1maybe
increasedby5degreesormore.
8. Wherefitted.
62
AnnexF
(normative)
Rigidbodystability:Loadeffectsduetoacceleration
Insteadofanexactcalculationoftheloadeffectduetoacceleration(see4.1.2.6.4)thefollowingsimplifiedcalculationprocedurecanbeused.For
thepurposeofthesimplifiedcalculationprocedureitcanbeassumedthatthecraneisoperatingonalevelsurfaceifthecapacitychartspermitupto1%
gradientonly.
Thecalculationshallshowthatthetippingangleforallratedcapacitiesinallconfigurationsslewedintheleaststabledirectionisgreaterthanor
equaltothegivenminimumtippingangle(seeTableF.1).
ThetippingangleisindicatedinFigureF.1.
Tofixtheheightofthecentreofgravityoftheloadedcranetheloadshallbeconsideredtobeconcentratedattheaxleofthetopsheavesofthe
jib.
TableF.1Minimumvaluesoftippingangle
craneconfiguration/condition
min.tippingangle
onoutriggers/crawlersinstationarycondition
4,0
onwheels(tyres)instationarycondition
4,5
oncrawlers/wheels(tyres)whentravelspeedupto0,4m/sispermissible
4,5
oncrawlers/wheels(tyres)whentravelspeedgreaterthan0,4m/sispermissible
5,0
63
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FigureF.1Cranejibintravellingandinlateraldirection
64
AnnexG.1
(normative)
Noisetestcodeformobilecranes
G.1.1Introduction
Thisnoisetestcodespecifiesalltheinformationnecessarytocarryoutefficientlyandunderstandardizedconditionsthedetermination,
declarationandverificationofthenoiseemissioncharacteristicsofmobilecranes.Itspecifiesthenoiseemissionmeasurementmethodsthatare
availableandtheconfigurationandconditionsthatshallbeusedforthetest.
Noiseemissioncharacteristicsincludeemissionsoundpressurelevelsatworkstationsandthesoundpowerlevel.Thedeterminationofthese
quantitiesisnecessaryfor:
manufacturerstodeclarethenoiseemitted
comparingthenoiseemittedbymobilecranesonthemarket
purposesofnoisecontrolatsourceatthedesignstage.
Theuseofthisnoisetestcodeensuresthereproducibilityofthedeterminationofthenoiseemissioncharacteristicswithinspecifiedlimits
determinedbythegradeofaccuracyofthebasicnoisemeasurementmethodused.Noisemeasurementmethodsofgrade2areallowedbythisstandard.
G.1.2Normativereferences
Thisannexincorporatesbydatedorundatedreferenceprovisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedatthe
appropriateplacesintheannex,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthese
publicationsapplytothisannexonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublication
referredtoapplies(includingamendments).
ENISO4871,AcousticsDeclarationandverificationofnoiseemissionvaluesofmachineryandequipment(ISO4871:1996).
G.1.3Termsanddefinitions
Definitionsofacousticaltermsaregiveninthebasicstandards(seeG.1.2).
G.1.4Descriptionofmachineryfamily
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Thisnoisetestcodeappliestoallmobilecranescoveredbythisstandard.Thedeterminationofsoundpowerlevel(LWA)andemissionsound
pressurelevel(LpA)shallbecarriedoutwiththesametestconditions.
Anymodificationtonoisegeneratingcomponentsshallresultinanewseriesofmeasurements.
65
G.1.5Soundpowerleveldetermination
G.1.5.1Basicstandardtobeused
TheAweightedsoundpowerlevelofthemobilecraneshallbedeterminedusingthebasicstandardENISO3744,exceptwithregardtothe
numberandlocationofmicrophones(seeG.1.5.3).
Themeasurementsurfaceshallbeahemisphere,theradiusofwhichshallbepreferably16m.OtherradiiaccordingtoENISO3744shallbeused
ifthecranedoesnotfitintothe16mhemisphere.
G.1.5.2Positioningofthecrane
Themobilecraneisinstalledsothatgeometriccentreoftheenginethatdrivesthecranemotionscoincideswiththeradialcentreofthe
hemisphere.Thedrivingdirectionoftheundercarriageisinthedirection+andthejiboftheupperstructureisindirection.Ifthedriving
directionoftheundercarriageisthesameastheworkingdirectionofthejib(nonslewingcrane),thewholecraneisalignedtodirection(seeFigure
G.1).
Ifthemobilecraneisequippedwithonlyoneengineforbothdrivingandcraneoperation,themobilecraneisinstalledsuchthatthemiddle
pointofthehemisphereisinthemiddlebetweentheengineandthehoist(s)ofthecrane.
NOTESoundpowerlevelsinfrequencybandsmayalsobedeterminedusingENISO3744.
G.1.5.3Microphonepositions
MicrophonepositionsonthehemisphereshallbethoseindicatedinFigureG.1.
NOTEThemicrophonepositionsgiveninFigureG.1differinnumberandlocationfromthosespecifiedinENISO3744.Experiencewiththe
determinationofnoiseemissionfrommobilecranesshowsthatresultsobtainedwiththearrayofmicrophonesofFigureG.1donotdiffersignificantly
fromthoseobtainedwiththemicrophonearrayspecifiedinENISO3744.
G.1.5.4Measurementandcalculationprocedure
ThemeasurementandcalculationprocedureinENISO3744shallbefollowed.
TheAweightedsoundpowerlevelshallbedeterminedforeachpartoftheworkcyclefollowingtheprocedureofENISO3744.
TheAweightedsoundpowerlevelLWAcyclecombinedoverthecycleshallbedeterminedusingthefollowingequation:
LWAiistheAweightedsoundpowerlevelforpartioftheworkcycle.
aiisapercentageforeachpartioftheworkcycle.
Iftelescopingisapplicable,i=1to4,seeG.1.8.2
a1=0,40fora)
a2=0,25forb)
a3=0,25forc)
66
a4=0,10ford)
Iftelescopingisnotapplicable,i=1to3,seeG.1.8.2
a1=0,40fora)
a2=0,30forb)
a3=0,30forc)
G.1.6Emissionsoundpressureleveldetermination
G.1.6.1Basicstandardtobeused
TheAweightedemissionsoundpressurelevelattheoperatorpositionofamobilecraneshallbemeasuredusingENISO11201.
NOTEEmissionsoundpressurelevelsattheoperatorpositioninfrequencybandsmayalsobemeasuredusingENISO11201.
G.1.6.2Craneoperatorposition
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Theoperatorpositionisthatofapersonseatedatthecraneoperatingcontrolsinthecraneoperatingcabin.Thispersonshallwearstandard
workingclothes.
Whereaseparatecranetravellingcabinisprovidedthisshallnotbeconsideredastheoperatorposition.
Themicrophonesshallbeplacedat200mm20mmoneachsideofthemidplaneoftheheadinthealignmentoftheeyes.Theyshallbeplaced
perpendicularlytothemidplaneoftheheadanddirectedtowardsthefront.
NOTETofacilitatethepositioningofthemicrophones,itmaybeconvenienttoplacethemonaframe,tofixthemtothesafetyhelmetortofit
themontoaharnessplacedontheshouldersoftheoperator.
G.1.6.3Specificationsconcerningthecraneoperatingcabin
Ifthecabinisfittedwithanairconditioningand/orventilationsystem,thenthereadingsshallbetakenwithalldoorsandwindowsclosedand
withtheairconditioningand/orventilationsysteminoperationat100%oftheirnominalworkingspeed.Ifahighspeedforrapidcoolingisprovided
(notintendedfornormaloperation)itshallbenotinoperation.
Ifitisanticipatedthatonecanworkinthecabinwithdoorsandwindowsopen,andthereisnoairconditioningand/orventilationsystemfitted,
thenthereadingsshallbetakenbothwithdoorsandwindowsclosedandthenwithdoorsandwindowsopen.
G.1.6.4Specificationrelatingtowindspeed
Themaximumadmissiblewindspeedis8m/s,measuredat1,5mabovegroundlevel.
Ifthemaximumallowablewindspeedspecifiedbythemanufacturerofthemicrophoneisexceeded,awindshieldshallbefittedtothe
microphone.
G.1.6.5Measurementandcalculationprocedure
ThemeasurementandcalculationproceduresinENISO11201shallbefollowed.
ThemaximumofthetwomeasuredAweightedsoundpressurelevelvalues(rightearorleftear)shallberetained.
67
TheAweightedemissionpressurelevelattheoperatorposition,LpAtobedeterminedshallbecalculatedfromthevaluesoftheAweighted
emissionsoundpressurelevels,LpAimeasuredforeachpartioftheworkcycleusingthefollowingequation:
LpAiistheAweightedsoundpressurelevelforpartioftheworkcycle,
thevaluesofaitobetakenhasgiveninG.1.5.4.
G.1.7Configuration
Ifthecraneisequippedwithoutriggers,theyshallbefullyextendedandthecraneshallbelevelledonitsoutriggerplatesinmidpositionof
possiblesupportheight.
G.1.8Operatingconditions
G.1.8.1General
Themobilecranetobetestedshallbepresentedinitsstandardversionasdescribedbythemanufacturer.Theenginepowerconsideredfor
determiningnoiseemissionshallbethenominalpoweroftheenginewhenusedforcranemotions.Thecraneshallbeequippedwithitsmaximum
permittedcounterweightmountedontheslewingstructure.
Beforecarryingoutanymeasurement,theengineandthehydraulicsystemofthemobilecraneshallbebroughttotheirnormalworking
temperaturefollowingtheinstructionsofthemanufacturerandallrelevantsafetyrelatedproceduresgivenintheinstructionmanualshallbecarried
out.
Ifthemobilecraneisequippedwithseveralengines,theengineforthecranefunctionsshallbeused.Thecarrierengineshallbeturnedoff.
Iftheengineofthemobilecraneisfittedwithaventilator,itshallrunduringthetest.Iftheventilatorcanbeoperatedatseveralspeeds,thetest
shallbecarriedoutwiththeventilatorrunningatthehighestspeed.
G.1.8.2Testprocedure
Themobilecraneshallbemeasuredunderthefollowing3or4operatingconditions(ac)or(ad).Constantconditionsfor(ad)are:
enginespeedat3/4ofmaximumspeedspecifiedforcraneoperationmodewithatoleranceof2%.
accelerationanddecelerationatthemaximumvaluewithoutdangerousmovementsoftheloadorthehookblock.
motionsatmaximumpossiblespeedasgivenintheinstructionmanualundertheconditionsgivenbelow.
NOTEIfduringthetestssignificantnoisepeaksoccur,thisshouldbereported.
a)Hoisting
Themobilecraneshallbeloadedwithaloadwhichcreates50%ofthemaximumropeforce.Thetestconsistsofthehoistingofthe
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loadandtheimmediatelyfollowingloweringtothestartingposition.Thelengthoftheboomshallbechosensothatthefulltestlasts15s
to20s.
68
b)Slewing
Withtheboomadjustedtoanangleof40to50tothehorizontalandwithoutloadtheuppercarriageshallbeslewed90totheleft
immediatelyfollowedbyslewingbacktothestartingposition.Thejibshallbeatitsminimumlength.Theobservationperiodshallbethe
timeneededtocarryouttheworkingcycle.
c)Derricking
Thetestshallstartwithraisingtheshortestjibfromthelowestworkingpositionimmediatelyfollowedbytheloweringofthejibto
thisoriginalposition.Thismovementshallbeexecutedwithoutload.Thedurationofthetestshallbeatleast20s.
d)Telescoping(ifapplicable)
Withthejibadjustedtoanangleof40to50tothehorizontal,withoutloadandthejibfullyretracted,thetelescopingcylinderfor
thefirstsectiononlyshallbeextendedtogetherwiththefirstsectiontoitsfulllengthandimmediatelyretractedtogetherwiththefirst
section.
NOTEThiscanresultinsynchronousmotion(s)ofothersections.
Theobservationperiodshallbethetimeneededtocarryouttheworkingcycle.
G.1.9Informationonmeasurementuncertainties
Themeasurementuncertaintyofthenoiseemissiondataprovidedbythisnoisetestcodeisspecifictothebasicstandardused.Itisexpressedin
termsofthestandarddeviationofreproducibility.Thegradeofaccuracyobtainedisgrade2(engineering)whichisthepreferredgradefornoise
declarationpurposes.
ThestandarddeviationofreproducibilityofAweightedsoundpowerlevelsobtainedusingENISO3744isequalto1,5dB.
ThestandarddeviationofreproducibilityofAweightedemissionsoundpressurelevelsattheoperatorpositionobtainedusingENISO11201is
equalto2,5dB.
G.1.10Informationtoberecorded
Theinformationtoberecordedisasrequiredbythebasicstandardsused,seeG.1.2.
G.1.11Informationtobereported
Theinformationtobereportedisasrequiredbythebasicstandardsused,seeG.1.2.Thecontentsofthetestreportshallbeasshowninannex
G.2.
G.1.12Declarationandverificationofnoiseemissionvalues
Thedeclarationofthenoiseemissionvaluesofamobilecraneistheresponsibilityofthemanufacturerofthecrane.Itshallbedone:
a. accordingto1.7.4finannexAofENISO121002:2003andtoENISO4871
b. insuchawaythatthevaluescanbeverifiedaccordingtoENISO4871
c. asadualnumberdeclarationasdefinedinENISO4871.
69
Thenoisedeclarationshallmentionthefactthatthenoiseemissionvalueshavebeenobtainedaccordingtothisnoisetestcode.Inothercases,
thenoisedeclarationshallindicateclearlythedeviationsfromthisnoisetestcodeand/orfromthebasicstandardsused.
ThenoisedeclarationshallgivetheAweightedsoundpowerlevelforeachpartoftheworkcycle.
Ifundertaken,averificationshallbecarriedoutbyusingthesameconfigurationandoperatingconditionsasusedforthedeterminationofthe
noiseemissionvalues.
NOTEAdditionalnoiseemissionquantitiessuchassoundpowerlevelsinfrequencybandsmayalsobegiven.Inthiscase,careshouldbetakento
avoidconfusionbetweenthisadditionalinformationandthedeclareddualnumbernoiseemissionvalues.
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FigureG.1TestconditionsexactpositionofthecraneinrelationtotheradialcentreofthehemisphereseeG.1.5.1andG.1.5.2
70
AnnexG.2
(normative)
Noisemeasurement,testreport
Thefollowingminimumdatashallbegivenineachreport,theformatofthereportisaproposalonly:
G.2.1Generaldata
a)
Manufacturerreference
Name:
Address:
b)
Mobilecranereference
Manufacturer:
Type:
Version:
Dimensions:L=
[m]
B=
[m]
H=
[m]
c)
Enginereference
Manufacturer:
Type:
Revs:
[1/min](nominalvalueasdeclared)
Power:
[kW](correspondingtospeed80/1269/EEC)
Exhaustsystem
Airfilter
d)
Testconditions
IndicatemeasurementpointsaccordingtocraneifotherthaninFigureG.1
Groundtypeoftestarea:
Meteorologicalconditions
Weathergeneral:
Temperature:
Manufacturer:
Manufacturer:
Type:
Type:
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Barometricpressure:
Windspeed:
Relativehumidity:
e)
Measuringinstrumentsused
Manufacturer:
Type:
f)
Measurementresults(seeG.2.2)
Date:
Location:
G.2.2Measurementspermotion
Hoisting
(upand
down)
Soundpressure
intheoperating
cabinLpA
Soundpressurelevelatthemeasurement
points
Test
2
10
12
LpAm
1*
2*
3*
Load
No.1
Radius
No.2
No.3
R=16m
LWA=LpAm+10log(S/S0)=dB(A)
Derricking
(upand
down)
Soundpressurein
theoperatingcabin
LpA
points
Test
2
10
12
LpAm
1*
2*
3*
No.1
No.2
No.3
R=16m
>
Slewing
(leftand
right)
Soundpressurein
theoperatingcabin
LpA
points
Test
2
10
12
LpAm
1*
2*
3*
Radius
No.1
No.2
No.3
R=16m
>
Telescoping
(inandout)
Soundpressurein
theoperatingcabin
LpA
points
Test
2
10
12
LpAm
1*
2*
3*
No.1
No.2
No.3
R=16m
1*:Doorsandwindowsopen
2*:Doorsandwindowsclosedwithoutairconditioningandfan
3*:Doorsandwindowsclosedwithairconditioningandfan
72
Calculation:
Iftelescopingisapplicable,i=1to4,seeG.1.8.2
a1=0,40fora)
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a2=0,25forb)
a3=0,25forc)
a4=0,10ford)
Iftelescopingisnotapplicable,i=1to3,seeG.1.8.2
a1=0,40fora)
a2=0,30forb)
a3=0,30forc)
Result:
LWAcycle=LpAi=
>
Signature
73
Testedby(name):
DateandPlace:
Organisation(name):
Signature:
AnnexH
(normative)
Limitvaluesforstructuralandfinegrainsteeltypes
TableH.1Limitvaluesforstructuralandfinegrainsteeltypes
GradeofSteel
StructuralSteel
Type
S235/(Fe360)
Yield
Pointa
[N/mm2 ]
Tensile
Strengthb
[N/mm2 ]
Shear
Modulus
[N/mm]2 ]
Youngs
Modulusof
Elasticity
[N/mm2 ]
235
360
81000
210000
355
510
460
570
690
790
890
940
960
980
EN10025
StructuralSteel
S355/(Fe510)
EN10025
FineGrainedSteel
S460/(FeE460)
EN101132
FineGrainedSteel
S690/(FeE690)
EN101372
FineGrainedSteel
S890/(FeE885)
EN101372
FineGrainedSteel
S960
EN101372
aStandardvalueforthicknessupto50mm
bMinimum
74
AnnexJ.1
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofhoist/derrickgears
Theinformationgivenismandatory,theformatofpresentationisaproposalonly.
TechnicalSpecificationofHoistgears/Derrickgears
Generalinformation
manufacturer
type(orderingcode)
intendedpurpose
model
withbrake/withoutbrake
typeofbrake
useofbrake
holdingbrake/dynamicbrake
Generaldata(dimensions,transmissionratio,drive)
dimensionsseedrawingno.
transmissionratio
iG
drivemotor(manufacturer,type)
motormodel
Informationaboutdurationofuseandgroupclassification
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totaldurationofuse
THmax
[h]
(seeannexAofFEM1.001:1998,part2)
groupclassificationaccordingtoFEM1.001:1998
classofutilisation
spectrumclass
mechanismgroup
Loadeffects
max.outputtorque(ormax.drumtorque)*1)
maxTL
[kNm]
averageoutputtorque*1)
TL,m
[kNm]
outputtorqueduetospecialloadingcondition:test/load*2)
TFg
max.outputrevolutions(orrevolutionsofdrum)*3)
maxn
[1/min]
averageoutputrevolutions*3)
nm
[1/min]
statictorqueofthebrake*4)
TBR
[kNm]
dynamictorqueofthebrake*5)
[kN]
[kNm]
seeenclosure
Informationaboutassemblyandmaintenance
admissibleambienttemperatures
tmin
[C]
tmax
[C]
typeofgearoil
intervalofoilchange(operatinghours)
[h]
Miscellaneous
mass(weight)(withoil/withoutoil)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3),*4),*5)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
75
76
AnnexJ.2
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofslewinggears
TechnicalSpecificationofslewinggears
Generalinformation
manufacturer
type(orderingcode)
intendedpurpose
model
withbrake/without
brake
typeofbrake
useofbrake
transmissionratio
iG
drivemotor
(manufacturer,type)
motormodel
totaldurationofuse TH
[h]
(seeannexAofFEM max
1.001:1998,part2)
groupclassification
classof
accordingtoFEM
utilisation
1.001:1998
spectrum
class
mechanism
group
Loadeffects
max.output
max
torque*1)
TS
averageoutput
[kNm]
[kNm]
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torque*1)
TS,m
max.output
maxn [1/min]
revolutions*2)
averageoutput
nm
[1/min]
TBr
[kNm]
revolutions*2)
statictorqueofthe
brake*3)
dynamictorqueof
[kNm] seeenclosure
thebrake*4)
admissibleambient
temperatures
typeofgearoil
tmin
[C]
tmax
[C]
intervalofoilchange
[h]
(operatinghours)
Miscellaneous
mass
[kg]
(weight)(with
oil/withoutoil)
*1),*2),*3),*4)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
77
*1)
max
TS
Maximumoutputtorquee.g.theoutputtorquedeterminedfromslewingofthecranewithloadagainstinservicewindand
againstthemaximuminservicepermissibleinclinationandforthiscaseintendedslewingacceleration(see2.5and2.6ofFEM
1.001:1998,Part2).Occurringfrictionlossesshallbetakeninconsideration.
TS,m
*2)
maxn
nm
AverageoutputrevolutionsoccurringatthesametimetoTS,m
*3)
TBr
Requiredstaticholdingtorqueofthebrakee.g.theholdingtorqueduetoinservicewindpressureonthecraneandtheload
AverageoutputtorquecalculatedunderconsiderationofthespectrumclassaccordingtoT.2.1.3.3ofFEM1.001:1998,Part2.
andduetotheadmissibleinserviceinclination.
Specialcases(e.g.theholdingtorqueduetooutofservicewindandadmissibleoutofserviceinclination)shallbeconsidered
additionally.
*4)
Thedynamicbrakingtorqueresultsfromboththemaximumoutputtorque(maxTS)andthedynamictorqueresultingfromthe
requiredbrakedeceleration.
Normallyadditionaldataisrequiredtocalculateandtoproduceadynamicbrake.Thereforethisdatashallbespecifiedinan
enclosuretothetechnicalspecification.Theenclosureshallincludetheadequateexplanationsandcomments.
78
AnnexJ.3
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationoftravelgears
TechnicalSpecificationofTravelgears
Generalinformation
manufacturer
type(orderingcode)
intendedpurpose*1)
model
withbrake/without
brake
typeofbrake
useofbrake
transmissionratio
iG
drivemotor
(manufacturer,type)
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motormodel
totaldurationofuse TH
[h]
(seeannexAofFEM max
1.001:1998,part2)
groupclassification
classof
accordingtoFEM
utilisation
1.001:1998
spectrum
class
mechanism
group
Loadeffects
maxoutputtorque
max
[kNm]
*2)
TTr
averageoutput
TTr,m
[kNm]
max.output
max
[1/min]
revolutions*2)
averageoutput
nm
torque*2)
[1/min]
revolutions*3)
additionalloads*4)
statictorqueofthe
TBr
seeenclosure
[kNm]
brake*5)
dynamictorqueof
[kNm] seeenclosure
thebrake*6)
admissibleambient
temperatures
typeofgearoil
tmin
[C]
tmax
[C]
intervalofoilchange
[h]
(operatinghours)
Miscellaneous
mass
[kg]
(weight)(with
oil/withoutoil)
*1),*2),*3),*4),*5),*6)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
79
*1)
Thetechnicalspecificationdoesnotapplytotravelgears(e.g.gearboxesoraxlegears)ofonroadmobilecranes.
NOTECommerciallypurchasedgearboxesforonroadusecanbeconsideredasacceptableforonsitetravel(withorwithoutload).
*2)
max
Maximumoutputtorqueaccordingto2.5and2.6ofFEM1.001:1998,part2,2.6.4.2caseIIIappliesnormally.
TTr
TTr,m
*3)
max
AverageoutputtorquecalculatedunderconsiderationofthespectrumclassaccordingtoT.2.1.3.3ofFEM1.001:1998,part2.
nm
AverageoutputrevolutionsoccurringatthesametimetoTTr,m
*4)
Loadswhicharenotcausedthroughdrivetorquebutthroughexteriorloadeffects(e.g.verticalsupportingforces,wheelloads,
horizontaltransversereactionsduetotravellingaction)andactingonthegearoronpartsofthegearshallbespecifiedinan
enclosuretothespecification.Theenclosureshallincludeadequateexplanationsandcomments.
*5)
TBr
Requiredstaticholdingtorqueofthebrakee.g.therequiredholdingtorqueduetoinservicewindpressureonthecraneand
theloadandduetothepassableinclinationwithload.
Specialcases(theholdingtorqueduetooutofservicewindandthepassableinclinationwithoutload)shallbeconsidered
additionally.
*6)
Thedynamicbrakingtorqueresultsfromtherequiredbrakedeceleration.
Normallyadditionaldataisrequiredtocalculateandtoproduceadynamicbrake.Thereforethisdatashallbespecifiedinan
enclosuretothespecification.Theenclosureshallincludeadequateexplanationsandcomments.
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AnnexJ.4
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofdrums
TechnicalSpecificationofHoistdrums/Derrickdrums
Generalinformation
manufacturer
typeofmechanism
hoistmechanism/derrickmechanism
deliverycondition
finishedproduct/mouldedblank
drawingno.
typeofdrum
singledrum/dualdrum
maxnumberofropelayers
typeofgroovethread
normalthread/parallelthread(Lebussystem)
grooveprofile(standardused)*1)
Maindimensions
ropediameter
dR
[mm]
ropelength(max,windinglength)
IR
nominaldiameterofdrum
dDr
[mm]
dDr(n)
[mm]
drumwidth(betweentheflanges)
bDr
[mm]
outerdiameterofflanges
dF1
[mm]
pitchofgroovethread
[mm]
groupclassificationaccordingtoFEM
classofutilisation
1.001:1998*2)
spectrumclass
mechanismgroup
[m]
(pitchdia,relatedtomiddleoffirst
layer)
diameteroflastropelayer(relatedto
middleofrope)
Groupclassificationofmechanism
Loadeffects
nominalropeforce*3)
FR
averageropeforce
FR,m
averagerevolutions
nDr,m
[kN]
Datafordeterminationoffatiguelife*4)
[kN]
[1/min]
Dataforcheckingforultimatestrength*5)
max.ropeforceduetospecialloadcase
maxFR
[kN]
Informationaboutmaterialandmanufacturingprocess
manufacturingprocess
welding/casting
Material
Miscellaneous
mass(weight)(indeliverycondition)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3),*4),*5)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
81
*1)
e.g.ISO43081,DIN150612:1977.
*2)
Accordingtothegroupclassificationofthemechanismbelongingtothedrum(seeannexJ.1).
*3)
SeeTable1ofFEM5.004:1994,case1.Thefrictionlossesshallbeconsidered.
*4)
AveragedataFR,m,nDr,mcalculatedconsideringthespectrumclassaccordingFEM1.001:1998part2.
nDr,mAverageoutputrevolutionsoccuringatthesametimetoFR,m
*5)
MaximumvaluemaxFRduetothespecialloadingcondition(duringcraneerectionordismantling,testload)thatgivesrise
tothemaximumstressinthedrum.
82
AnnexK.1
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(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofliftinghooks
TechnicalSpecificationofLiftingHooks
GeneralInformation
manufacturer
orderingcode*1)
formofhook
singlehook/ramshornhook
bossforsafetycatch
withboss/withoutboss
Liftingcapacity,Classification
nominalliftingload
LH
liftingloadinaccordanceto(standardused)*2)
strengthclass/grade*2)
mechanismgroup(ISO43011)
[t]
Dimensions
standardofhookdimensions
typeandstandardofshankthread*3)
Informationaboutmanufacturingprocessandmaterial
manufacturingprocess*4)
material
Miscellaneous
marking(standardused)
certificate(standardused)
mass(weight)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3),*4)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows
*1)e.g.:singlehookDIN15401,Part1:1982andPart2:1983GSNM
*2)e.g.:DIN15400:1990
*3)e.g.:metricthreadISO261,knucklethreadDIN15403:1969.
*4)e.g.:dropforged,hammerforged.
83
AnnexK.2
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofsheaves
TechnicalSpecificationofSheaves
Generalinformation
manufacturer
drawingno.
grooveprofile(standardused)*1)
bearingapplication
plainbearing/rollerbearing(bearingsarenotincludedinthescopeofsupply)
no.andtypeofbearings
Maindimensions
ropediameter(nominal)
dR
[mm]
loopangle
[]
nominaldiameter(relatedtocenterrope)
dSh,1
[mm]
diameterofhubbore
dSh,2
[mm]
hubwidth
lSh,2
[mm]
axlediameter
dSh,3
[mm]
max.numberofstresscycles
nC
groupclassificationaccordingtoFEM1.001:1998*2)
classofutilisation
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spectrumclass
mechanismgroup
Loadeffects
nominalropeforce*3)
FR
[kN]
Datafordeterminationofstrength*4)
averageropeforce
FR,m
[kN]
averagediagonalpullangle
R,m
[]
averagerevolutions
nSh,m
[1/min]
Dataforcheckingthesafetymarginagainstultimatestrength*5)
max.ropeforceduetospecialloadcase
maxFR
[kN]
max.diagonalpullangle
maxR
[]
Materialspecification
kindofmaterial*6)
steel/plastic/lightmetal
Miscellaneous
mass(weight)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3),*4),*5),*6)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
84
*1)e.g.ISO43081,DIN150611
*2)see2.1.4ofFEM1.001:1998,part2
*3)seeTable1ofFEM5.004:1994,case1.Frictionlosseshavetobeconsidered.
*4)AveragedataFR,m,R,m,calculatedunderconsiderationofthespectrumclassaccordingtoFEM1.001:1998,part2.with:
*5)MaximumvaluesofmaxFR,maxRfromspecialloadcase(duringerection,dismantlingortestload),thatgivesrisetothemaximumstressinthesheave.
*6)Specialrequirementsforplasticsheaves(e.g.interferencefitofhubbore,minimaldiameterofhubbore,minimalhubwidth)shallbespecifiedinanenclosureto
thespecificationorinangeneralagreement.
85
AnnexK.3
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforspecificationofhookblocks
TechnicalSpecificationofHookBlocks
GeneralInformation
manufacturer
model*1)
single/double/multiplehookblock
Liftingcapacity,Classification
nominalliftingload
LH
mechanismgroup(ISO43011)
[t]
Informationaboutropesandno.offalls*1)
ropediameter
dR
[mm]
max.numberofropes
max.numberoffalls
Liftinghook
technicalspecificationofliftinghook*2)
Sheaves
numberofsheaves*1)
technicalspecificationofsheaves*3)
Miscellaneous
marking(agreement)*4)
certificate(agreement)*4)
mass(weight)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3),*4)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows
*1)seeFigureK.3.1
*2)MinimumrequirementsfortechnicalspecificationofliftinghooksseeannexK.1
*3)MinimumrequirementsfortechnicalspecificationofsheavesseeannexK.2
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*4)Agreementbetweenthedesignerofthecraneandthemanufacturerofthehookblock
86
FigureK.3.1Modelofhookblocks(examples):
87
AnnexK.4
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofhydrauliccylinders
TechnicalSpecificationofHydraulicCylinders
Generalinformation
manufacturer
type(orderingcode)
intendedpurpose*1)
model*2)
Maindimensions(seedrawing)
pistondiameter
d1
[mm]
pistonroddiameter
d2
[mm]
outerdiameter
d3
[mm]
strokelength
[mm]
overalllength(retracted)
l0
[mm]
max.numberofstresscycles
nC
groupclassificationaccordingtoFEM1.001:1998
classofutilisation
spectrumclass
mechanismgroup
Loadeffects(permissibleloads,pressures,pistonspeed)
maximumoperatingpressure,pressure,pistonside
Pc,1
[bar]
maximumoperatingpressure,pistonrodside
Pc,3
[bar]
testpressure,pistonside
PT,1
[bar]
testpressure,pistonrodside
PT,3
[bar]
max.pushingforce(retracted)
Fc,1
[N]
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max.pushingforce(extended)
Fc,2
[N]
max.pullingforce
Fc,3
[N]
max.pistonspeed
vc
[m/s]
admissibleambienttemperatures
medium(typeofhydraulicfluid)
tmin
[C]
tmax
[C]
Miscellaneous
typeofcorrosionprevention(e.g.pistonrode)
layerthickness
[m]
mass(weight)(with/withoutfluid)
[kg]
*1),*2)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows
88
*1)e.g.outriggercylinder(vertical,horizontal),luffingcylinder,telescopingcylinder,jibrestrainingcylinder,suspensioncylinder,axleblockingcylinder,hydro
accumulatorcylinder,workingcylinder(general).
*2)e.g.pullingcylinder,pushingcylinder,differentialcylinder.
89
AnnexK.5
(normative)
Minimumrequirementsforthespecificationofslewrings
TechnicalSpecificationofSlewRings
Generalinformation
manufacturer
drawingno.(manufacturer)
loadlimitingdiagramno.*1)
type/model*2)
Generaldimensions
outerdiameter
innerdiameter
height(betweentheconnectingsurfaces)
Geartoothgeometry
typeofgearing
internalgear/externalgear
no.ofteeth
diametricalpitch
toothwidth
profilecorrection(x.m)
Fixingbolts/screwsforsuperstructure
no.ofbolts/screws
typeofbolts/screws(standardused)*3)
bolt/screwthreadsize
strengthclass
assemblymethod
torquecontrolled/hydraulictensionmethod
mountingtorque
MA
[Nm]
tensionforce
FA
[kN]
Fixingbolts/screwsforcarrier
no.ofbolts/screws
typeofbolts/screws(standardused)*3)
boltthreadsize
strengthclass
assemblymethod
torquecontrolled/hydraulictensionmethod
mountingtorque
MA
[Nm]
tensionforce
FA
[kN]
90
Admissibleloads(additionalinformationforloadlimitingdiagram)
permissibletangentialforceofgearing
maxFU
[kN]
Permissibleradialforce
maxFR
[kN]
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Miscellaneous
typeofgrease(standardused)
mass(weight)
[kg]
*1),*2),*3)Definitions/explanationsseeasfollows.
1*Theloadlimitingdiagram(loadmomentasafunctionofaxialload)shallincludecurvesshowingatleastthepermissiblestaticanddynamicloadsforslewring
androllers/ballsandpermissiblestaticanddynamicloadsforbolt/screwconnections,testloadcurve.
2*e.g.:Balltypeslewring,rollertypeslewring(singlerowbearing,triplerowbearingetc.)
3*e.g.:ShankboltsISO4014:1999
91
AnnexL
(normative)
Proofofcompetence
L.1General
Theobjectiveofthisannexistoprovetheoreticallyand/orbyexperimentthatamobilecrane,takingintoaccounttheexpectedserviceconditions
agreedbetweentheuser,designerand/ormanufacturer,aswellasthestatesduringerection,dismantlingandtransport,hasbeendesignedtobein
conformitywiththesafetyrequirementstopreventmechanicalhazards.
Thetheoreticalproofofcompetenceisbasedonthecomparisonofthelimitstateswithcalculatednominalloadeffects.Thecalculationsforthe
proofofcompetenceof(steel)structuresshallalloweitherthemethodofpermissiblestresses(seeL.2.2)orthemethodofpartialsafetycoefficientsand
limitingstresses(seeL.2.3)whereappropriate.
Theexperimentalproofofcompetenceshallprovideasystematic,nondestructiveprocedurefordeterminingthestressesinstructuresunder
equivalentstaticloadsandloadcombinations.
Theproofofcompetenceforrigidbodystabilityshallpreventanylackofstabilityofthecraneinandoutofservice,duringitsintendeduse,
erectionanddismantling.
Byevaluationoftheloadeffectsandthedefinitionofthelimitstatesofthecranestructureanditscomponentstheproofofcompetenceshallbe
carriedouttoshowadequatesafetyforanyhazardduetolossofmechanicalstrengthand/orlossofstability.
Thedeterminationofstresses,whichdependontheloadingconditionandthetypeofanalysis,shallnotexceedthepermissiblestressesorthe
limitingstresses.Inadditiontherequiredsafetymarginsshallbefulfilled.
Theserequiredminimumsafetymarginsincomparisonbetweenthemaximumvaluesofloadeffectsestablishedbycalculationorexperimentand
thelimitstatesaregiveninthefollowingsubclauses.
L.2Proofofcompetenceforsteelstructures
L.2.1General
ThetheoreticalproofofcompetenceshallbemadeinaccordancewithFEM5.004:1994.TheexperimentalproofofcompetenceiscoveredbyL.6.
Thecalculationandanalysisfortheproofofcompetenceshallbemadeaccordingtoeitherthemethodofpermissiblestressesorthemethodof
partialsafetycoefficientsandlimitingstresses.Theselectionofthemethodtobeappliedshallbemadeinaccordancewithclause6ofFEM5.004:1994.
L.2.2Methodofpermissiblestresses
TheminimumrequiredsafetyfactorsforstructuralcomponentsandforweldsshallbetakenfromTables3and4ofFEM5.004:1994.
L.2.3Methodofpartialsafetycoefficientsandlimitingstresses
ThepartialsafetycoefficientsshallbetakenfromTable5ofFEM5.004:1994.
TheminimumrequiredsafetyfactorsforstructuralcomponentsandforweldsshallbetakenfromTables6and7ofFEM5.004:1994.
92
L.3Proofofcompetencefornonsteelstructures
Thetheoreticalproofofcompetenceshallbemadewiththesameminimumrequiredsafetyfactorsasforsteelstructures.Additionaleffectsof
nonmetallicmaterials,e.g.longtimebehaviour,environmentalinfluences(e.g.temperature,humidity)andageingofplasticmaterials,shallbe
consideredaccordingtothestateofart.
TheexperimentalproofofcompetenceiscoveredbyL.6.
L.4Proofofcompetenceforloadbearingcomponents
L.4.1General
Thetheoreticalproofofcompetenceshallbemadeinaccordancewiththefollowingsubclauses.Theexperimentalproofofcompetenceis
coveredbyL.6.
Awrittenagreementbetweenthemanufacturerofthecraneandthemanufacturerofthecomponentshallstateclearlythattheloading,
environmentalandserviceconditions(classification)arepermissibleduringthetotalintendedlifetimeofthecomponent.
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L.4.2Proofofcompetenceformechanisms
ThegeneraldesignprinciplesandsafetymarginsshallbeinaccordancewithFEM1.001:1998Part4.
TheminimumrequirementsforthewrittenagreementsarelaiddownintherelevantpartsofannexJ.
L.4.3Proofofcompetenceforropes
Theproofofcompetenceforropesshallbemadeasacomparisonoftheactualsafetyfactorcalculatedbytheload(increasedbyadequate
factorsduetofriction)andthelimitstatefortherope(minimumbreakingload)withtheminimumvaluesforZpgivenbyISO43082.
Fortestloadcasesofspecialconfigurations(e.g.cranewithadditionalcounterweightseeFigureA.7)theminimumZpvaluefor
luffing/derrickingropesshallnotbelessthan3.35.
Theproofofcompetencefortheendterminationofaropesystemshallbeasfollows:
a)Theendterminationofrunningropesshallpermitaminimumbreakingloadnotlessthan80%oftheminimumbreakingloadoftherope
itself
b)Theendterminationofstationaryropesshallpermitaminimumbreakingloadnotlessthan90%oftheminimumbreakingloadoftherope
itself
c)Inanycasewheretheminimumbreakingloadofaropesystemisreducedbytheendtermination,thesafetyfactorsfortheropesystemsshall
notbelessthanthevaluesforerectiongiveninTable1ofISO43082:1988
d)Theattachmentoftheropetothehoistdrumshallbeinawaythat2.5timestheropeforcecanbetakenuptakingintoaccountthefrictionof
theroperemainingonthehoistdrum.Thefrictionfactorbetweentheropeandthehoistdrumshallbetakenas=0,1.
L.4.4Proofofcompetenceforchains
Theproofofcompetenceforchainsshallbedoneeitherbythemanufacturerofthechainsorbyasimplifiedcalculationbythemanufacturerof
thecrane.
Inthecaseofthesimplifiedcalculation,theminimumbreakingloadofachainshallnotbelessthan4timesthenominalloadinthechain
withoutconsiderationoffrictionlosses,undertheloadingconditionsaccordingtogroupclassificationA1ofISO43011.
93
Theendterminationshallbeinaccordancewith4.1.1ofFEM1.001:1998part4.
L.4.5Proofofcompetenceforothercomponents
Theproofofcompetenceforothercomponentsshallbemadeinaccordancewithgeneraldesignprinciples.Theminimumrequirementsforthe
writtenagreementsbetweenthemanufacturerofthecomponentsandthemanufacturerofthecranearelaiddowninannexK.
L.5Proofofcompetenceofrigidbodystabilityofthecrane
Theproofofcompetenceforrigidbodystabilityshallverifythatthestabilisingmomentofthecraneisgreaterorequalthantheoverturning
momentunderstaticand/ordynamicconditionsasspecifiedin4.1.2.6.
Thisproofshalleitherbedonebytheoreticalproofofcompetence(calculationaccordingtoISO4305verifiedbytestsaccordingtoISO4310)or
byanexperimentalproofofcompetence,seeL.6.
L.6Proofofcompetenceexperimental
L.6.1Structuraltests
Theexperimentalproofofcompetencetodeterminethestressesinducedinthecranestructure(s)andloadbearingcomponentsrequiresa
systematic,nondestructiveprocedureunderspecifiedconditions.TheprocedureshallbeinaccordancewithISO/CD116622.Therequiredminimum
safetymarginsfordifferentloadcombinationsshallbeinaccordancewithL.2.
L.6.2Rigidbodystabilitytests
TheexperimentalproofofcompetenceofrigidbodystabilityofthecraneasawholeaccordingtoISO116621shallbeverifiedby,asaminimum,
thestabilitytestsasspecifiedbyISO4310.Additionalexperimentsshallbemadeforbackwardstabilityandtippingduetoacceleration(seeannexF)
showingthatthesamelevelofsafetyasforcalculationisachieved.Whentestingthestabilityofthecrane,thelimitsofstructuralstrengthandother
limitsofcomponentsshallbeobserved.
94
AnnexM
(normative)
Testofsteeringsystemsforoffroadmobilecranes
M.1Testconditions
Thetestshallbeconductedonasurfaceofferinggoodadhesion(e.g.concrete,asphalt).
Thecraneshallbeunloadedandinnormaltravelorder.
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M.2Testprocedure
ThecraneshallbedrivenfromstraightaheadintoaspiralwithaturningradiusasgiveninTableM.1ataspeedof10km/h.Thesteeringeffort
shallbemeasuredatthenominalradiusofthesteeringcontrol.Atleastonemeasurementofeachsteeringmovementshallbemadetotherightandto
theleft.
Thetestshallbecarriedoutforboththeinfactsteeringandthesteeringwithasimulatedfailure(e.g.failureofpowerassistance).
NOTEIfthesteeringispurelymechanical,simulatedfailuretestdoesnotapply.IntheEUDirective70/311/EECmechanicalfailuresarenot
specified.
M.3Permittedsteeringcontroleffort
SteeringcontroleffortsshallnotexceedthevaluesgiveninTableM.1.
TableM.1Permittedsteeringcontroleffort
Steeringintact
Steeringwithasimulatedfailure
Maximumeffort
(daN)
Turningradius
(m)
Maximumeffort
(daN)
Turningradius
(m)
30
15a
60
30
a orfulllockif15misnotpossible
95
AnnexN.1
(informative)
Windspeedasafunctionofelevation
TableN.1.3SecondwindgustspeedasafunctionofmeanwindspeedasperBeaufortScaleandasperelevation
BeaufortGrade
[m/s]b
5a
7a
5,4
7,9
10,1
10,7
13,8
10
7,6
11,1
14,1
15,0
19,3
20
8,1
11,9
15,2
16,1
20,7
30
8,5
12,4
15,8
16,8
40
8,7
12,8
16,3
50
8,9
13,1
16,7
60
9,1
13,3
70
9,3
80
90
10
17,1
20,7
24,4
28,4
20,0
23,9
29,0
34,2
39,8
21,5
25,7
31,1
36,6
42,7
21,6
22,4
26,8
32,4
38,2
44,5
17,3
22,3
23,1
27,6
33,4
39,4
45,8
17,7
22,8
23,6
28,3
34,2
40,3
46,9
17,0
18,0
23,3
24,1
28,8
34,9
41,1
47,9
13,5
17,3
18,3
23,6
24,5
29,3
35,5
41,8
48,7
9,4
13,7
17,6
18,6
24,0
24,8
29,7
36,0
42,4
49,4
9,5
13,9
17,8
18,8
24,3
25,1
30,1
36,4
42,9
50,0
100
9,6
14,1
18,0
19,1
24,6
25,4
30,4
36,9
43,4
50,6
110
9,7
14,2
18,2
19,2
24,8
25,7
30,8
37,2
43,9
51,1
120
9,8
14,3
18,3
19,4
25,1
25,1
31,1
37,6
44,3
51,6
130
9,9
14,5
18,5
19,6
25,3
26,2
31,3
37,9
44,7
52,0
140
10,0
14,6
18,7
19,8
25,5
26,4
31,6
38,2
45,1
52,5
150
10,0
14,7
18,8
19,9
25,7
26,6
31,8
38,5
45,4
52,9
160
10,1
14,8
18,9
20,1
25,9
26,8
32,1
38,8
45,7
53,2
170
10,2
14,9
19,1
20,2
26,0
27,0
32,3
39,1
46,0
53,6
180
10,3
15,0
19,2
20,3
26,2
27,1
32,5
39,3
46,3
53,9
190
10,3
15,1
19,3
20,4
26,4
27,3
32,7
39,5
46,6
54,2
10,4
15,2
19,4
20,6
26,5
27,4
32,8
39,8
46,9
54,6
z[m]
200
14,3
(z)[m/s]
Inservicewind:
1light =10.1[m/s]forz=10[m]q(z)=125[N/m2]
2normal =14,3[m/s]forz=10[m]q(z)=250[N/m2]
UpperBeaufortLimit
>
[m/s]:
Meanwindspeedat10melevated(upperlimitofBeaufortgrade)overaperiodof10minutes
z[m]:
Elevationaboveevenground
(z)[m/s]:
3secondwindgustspeedactingatelevationzanddecisiveforcalculations
q(z)[N/m2]:
quasistaticimpactpressureactingatelevationzandcalculatedbasedon(z),seeannexN.2
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AnnexN.2
(informative)
Impactpressureasafunctionofelevation
TableN.2.1QuasistaticimpactpressureasafunctionofmeanwindspeedaspertheBeaufortScaleandasafunctionof
elevation
BeaufortGrade
[m/s]b
5a
5,4
7,9
10,1
7a
10,7
13,8
z[m]
14,3
17,1
20,7
10
24,4
28,4
q(z)[N/m2]
10
35,7
76,5
125,0
140,3
233,3
250,0
358,2
524,9
729,3
988,0
20
41,1
88,0
143,8
161,4
268,5
287,7
412,2
604,1
839,4
1137,1
30
44,7
95,7
156,4
175,5
292,0
312,9
448,3
657,0
912,8
1236,6
40
47,5
101,6
166,1
186,4
310,1
332,3
476,2
697,8
969,6
1313,5
1376,9
50
49,8
106,5
174,2
195,5
325,1
348,4
499,2
731,5
1016,4
60
51,8
110,8
181,0
203,2
338,0
362,2
519,0
760,5
1056,6
1431,4
70
53,5
114,5
187,1
210,0
349,3
374,3
536,4
786,0
1092,1
1479,5
80
55,0
117,8
192,6
216,1
359,5
385,2
552,0
808,9
1123,9
1522,6
90
56,5
120,8
197,5
221,7
368,8
395,1
566,2
829,7
1152,8
1561,8
100
57,8
123,6
202,1
226,8
377,3
404,3
579,3
848,9
1179,5
1597,9
110
59,0
126,2
206,3
231,6
385,2
412,7
591,4
866,7
1204,2
1631,3
120
60,1
128,6
210,3
236,0
392,6
420,6
602,8
883,3
1227,2
1662,6
130
61,2
130,9
214,0
240,2
399,5
428,1
613,4
898,8
1248,9
1691,9
140
62,2
133,1
217,5
244,1
406,0
435,1
623,4
913,6
1269,3
1719,6
150
63,1
135,1
220,8
247,8
412,2
441,7
632,9
927,5
1288,7
1745,9
160
64,0
137,0
224,0
251,4
418,1
448,0
642,0
940,8
1307,1
1770,8
170
64,9
138,9
227,0
254,8
423,7
454,1
650,6
953,4
1324,7
1794,7
180
65,7
140,6
229,9
258,0
429,1
459,8
658,9
965,5
1341,6
1817,5
190
66,5
142,3
232,6
261,1
434,3
465,4
666,8
977,2
1357,7
1839,3
67,3
144,0
235,3
264,1
439,3
470,7
674,5
988,3
1373,2
1860,4
200
a
Inservicewind
1light =10,1[m/s]forz=10[m]q(z)=125[N/m2]
2normal =14,3[m/s]forz=10[m]q(z)=250[N/m2]
UpperBeaufortLimit
>
[m/s]:
97
Meanwindspeedat10melevated(upperlimitofBeaufortgrade)overaperiodof10minutes.
z[m]:
Elevationaboveevenground
(z)[m/s]:
3secondwindgustspeedactingatelevationzanddecisiveforcalculations,seeannexN.1.
q(z)[N/m2]:
quasistaticimpactpressureactingatelevationzandcalculatedbasedon(z).
AnnexN.3
(informative)
StormwindmapofEurope
Thefollowingmapindicatesregionswheresamemeanstormwindvelocitiesareapplicable.WindspeedsfortheareasAtoD,see4.1.2.2.3.
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98
CranesMobilecranes
AnnexP
(normative)
Efficiencyofsheavesets
Theinfluenceoffrictionlossesofsheavesetsshallbecalculatedbytheefficiencyofthesheaveasdescribedbelow.
Theefficiencyofaropedrive,forcalculationoftheropepullingforceisdeterminedas:
S=(R)iF
with
Sefficiencyoftheropedrive,
Refficiencyofoneindividualsheave,
inumberoffixedsheavesbetweentheropedrumandthesheavesetorload,
nnumberofropepliesononesheaveblock.Onesheaveblockconsistsofthesumtotalofalltheropepliesandsheavesforoneropewinding
ontoaropedrum,
Fefficiencyofthesheaveblock.
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with
Refficiencyofonesheave.
Theefficiencyofaropepulleyisdependentontheratiooftheropepulleydiametertotheropediameter(D:d),ontheropedesignandonthe
ropelubrication,inadditiontobeingdependentonthetypeofbearingarrangementofthepulley(plainbearingsorantifrictionbearings).
Insofarasmoreaccuratevalueshavebeenprovenbymeansoftrials,thefollowingshallbeassumedforcalculations:
forplainbearingsR=0,96
forantifrictionbearingsR=0,980,99(dependingontypeofbearing,lubricationandsealfriction).
Ithastobeproventhattheunloadedhook/hookblockcanbeloweredunderthespecifiedworkingconditions.
99
AnnexQ
(informative)
Manufacturerssign
TheinformationgiveninFigure1ismandatory,theformatofpresentationisaproposalonly.
FigureQ.1ExampleofaManufacturerssign
NOTECEmarkshouldbeinaccordancewithEUDirective98/37/EC.
100
AnnexR
(normative)
Certificateforwirerope,requirements
TheinformationgiveninTableR.1ismandatory,theformatofpresentationisaproposalonly.
TableR.1Ropecertificate(Example)
WireRopeCertificatea
RopeManufacturer(NameofCompany)
GeneralInformation
typeofrope
dateofcertificate
signatureofmanufacturer
GeometricandMaterialInformation
nominalropediameter[mm]
ropelength[m]
constructionoftherope
constructionoftermination
kindoflay
numberofloadbearingwiresinouterstrands
surface
mass(weight)perunitlength[kg/100m]
InformationregardingLimitStates
tensilestrengthofwires[N/mm2]
calculatedaggregatebreakingload[N]
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minimumbreakingloadofrope[N]
Minimumbreakingloadofendtermination[N]
(ifprovidedbyropemanufacturer)
permissibleworkingconditions:
a)ClassificationofthecraneaccordingtoISO43011
b)Servicelifecyclesaccordingtomanufacturers'testb,testconditions:
Dld=20,steelsheave
Linepull=min.breakingload/4.5
GeometryaccordingtoISO43081
c)CodeofpracticeforexaminationanddiscardifnotcoveredbyISO4309
OtherComments
a exampleforcertificatefilledinandsignedbytheropemanufacturer
bvoluntaryinformationifavailable
101
AnnexS
(normative)
Certificateforchain,requirements
TheinformationgiveninTableS.1ismandatory,theformatofpresentationisaproposalonly.
TableS.1Certificateforchain(example)
ChainCertificatea
ChainManufacturer(Nameofcompany)
GeneralInformation
typeofchain
numberofcertificate
dateofcertificate
identificationofinspector(name,function)
signatureofmanufacturer
designofchainaccordingtostandard
threadofchain
combinationofchain
batchnumber
quantityofchainsshipped
quantitybyreferencemanufacturer
quantityoflinksbychain
InformationregardingLimitStates
priortestsample:
minimumbreakingloadofchainaccordingtostandard:
referenceWhlercurveforchain:
OtherInformation
specificationforassemblyreference:
specificationforcleaning/maintenancereference:
others:
a exampleforcertificatefilledinandsignedbythechainmanufacturer
102
AnnexT
(informative)
Testprocedures:Selectionofloadcases
FigureT.1givesguidelinefortheselectionoftestloads.Testloadsmaybeappliedbyincreasingloadsorbyincreasingradius/outreach.
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FigureT.1Selectionofloadcases
Statictestload(1,25P+0,1F)seeISO4305:1991Table1andISO4310:1981.
Dynamictestload(1,1P)seeISO4305:1991Table2andISO4310:1981.
103
AnnexU
(normative)
Testcertificate
TheinformationgivenisinTableU.1ismandatory,theformatofpresentationisaproposalonly.
TableU.1Textcertificate(Example)
Certificateofindividualverification
Cranetype:
SerialNo.:
Thevisualinspections,functionalchecksandloadteststovalidatetheconformityoftheabovementionedcranewiththeessentialhealthandsafetyrequirementsof
theMachineDirective,thecorrespondingdocumentationandthedutychartshavebeencarriedoutaccordingtoclause5ofEN13000:2004.
Allcapacitychartslistedinthedocumentationofthecranearevalid,theloadlimitingandindicatingdevicehasbeentestedandadjustedforcorrectoperation
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accordingtotheratedcapacitiesgiven.TheloadtestswerecarriedoutwithmaximumtestloadsaccordingtoISO4310.Incaseofincreasedtolerancesoftheload
limitingandindicatingdevicethetoleranceshallbegivenherebyandthetestloadoradditionalfactorstobeappliedtothetestloadshallbelistedhereby.
Theloadtestshavebeencarriedoutonsamplesofconfigurations.Theprocedureofthemanufacturerfortheselectionofthesesamplesensuresthatallrelevant
componentsofthecranehavebeensubjectedtomaximumloadsundertheconditionswhichmayoccurwhenthecraneisusedasintended.
TheTablebelowshowsthetestedconfigurationstoprovideinformationforperiodicinspection.Theloadcombinationsshallbeasfollowsifnospecificknowledge
allowsselectionofspecialloadcases.
testloadsatorneartotheminimum,mediumandmaximumradiuswherethestaticanddynamictestloadcanbeappliedbyincreasingradiusorload,
astatictestloadfortheminimumradius.
Aftertheteststhecranewasthoroughlyexamined.Thevisualinspection,thefunctionalchecksandtheloadtestsandtheexaminationitselfwassupervisedbyan
expertofthemanufacturer.
Therehavebeennofindingsrestrictingthesafeuseofthecrane.Otherfindingsarelistedinthiscertificate.
Dateoftest:
Date,place,signature:
Locationoftest:
Testedconfigurations
Configuration
104
Chartspecification
Remarks/Findings
AnnexV
(informative)
Selectionofasuitablesetofcranestandardsforagivenapplication
Isthereaproductstandardinthefollowinglistthatsuitstheapplication?
EN13000
CranesMobilecranes
prEN14439
CranesTowercranes
Wl00147031
CranesSlewingjibcranes
Wl00147032
CranesBridgeandgantrycranes
EN138521
CranesOffshorecranesPart1:Generalpurposeoffshorecranes
prEN138522
CranesOffshorecranesPart2:Floatingcranes
prEN144921:
CranesPowerdrivenwinchesandhoistsPart1:Powerdrivenwinches
prEN144922
CranesPowerdrivenwinchesandhoistsPart2:Powerdrivenhoists
EN12999
CranesLoadercranes
EN13157
CranesSafetyHandpoweredcranes
EN13155
CranesNonfixedloadliftingattachments
prEN14238
CranesManuallycontrolledloadmanipulatingdevices
YES
NO
Useitdirectly,plusthestandardsthatarereferredto
Usethefollowing:
Wl00147005
CranesTerminology
prEN130011
CranesGeneraldesignPart1:Generalprinciplesandrequirements
prEN130012
CranesGeneraldesignPart2:Loadactions
prCEN/TS1300131
CranesGeneraldesignPart31:Limitstatesandproofofcompetenceofsteelstructures
prCEN/TS1300132
CranesGeneraldesignPart32:Limitstatesandproofofcompetenceofwireropes
prCEN/TS1300133
CranesGeneraldesignPart33:Limitstatesandproofofcompetenceofwheel/railcontacts
prCEN/TS1300134
CranesGeneraldesignPart34:Limitstatesandproofofcompetenceofmachinery
EN131351:
CranesEquipmentPart1:Electrotechnicalequipment
prEN131352
CranesEquipmentPart2:Nonelectrotechnicalequipment
prEN13557
CranesControlsandcontrolstations
EN120772:
CranessafetyRequirementsforhealthandsafetyPart2:Limitingandindicatingdevices
Wl00147018
CranesGuarding
EN13586
CranesAccess
prEN145021
CranesEquipmentfortheliftingofpersonsPart1:Suspendedbaskets
prEN145022
CranesEquipmentfortheliftingofpersonsPart2:Elevatingcontrolstations
prEN145023
CranesEquipmentfortheliftingofpersonsPart3:Spreaderbeams
EN126441
CranesInformationforuseandtestingPart1:Instructions
EN126442
CranesInformationforuseandtestingPart2:Marking
prEN126443
CranesInformationforuseandtestingPart3:Fitnessforpurpose
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CranesMobilecranes
AnnexZA
(informative)
RelationshipbetweenthisEuropeanStandardandtheEssentialRequirementsofEUDirective98/37EC
ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropeanFreeTrade
AssociationtoprovideonemeansofconformingtoEssentialRequirementsoftheNewApproachDirectiveMachinery98/37/ECamendedby
98/79/EC.
OncethisstandardiscitedintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesunderthatDirectiveandhasbeenimplementedasanational
standardinatleastoneMemberState,compliancewiththenormativeclausesofthisstandardexceptclause4.2.6.3.2confers,withinthelimitsofthe
scopeofthisstandard,apresumptionofconformitywiththerelevantEssentialRequirementsofthatDirectiveandassociatedEFTAregulations.
WARNING:OtherrequirementsandotherEUDirectivesmaybeapplicabletotheproduct(s)fallingwithinthescopeofthisstandard.
106
Bibliography
1. 70/311/EEC,Steeringequipmentformotorvehiclesandtheirtrailersasamendedby92/62/EEC
2. 71/320/EEC,Brakingdevicesofcertaincategoriesofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers
3. 73/361/EEC,Certificationandmarkingofwireropes,chainsandhooksasamendedby76/434/EEC
4. 79/113/EEC,Determinationofthenoiseemissionofconstructionplantandequipmentasamendedby81/1051/EEC
5. 80/1269/EEC,Enginepowerofmotorvehicles
6. 83/477/EEC,Asbestosatwork
7. 86/188/EEC,Protectionofworkersfromtherisksrelatedtoexposuretonoiseatwork
8. 87/404/EEC,Singlepressurevessels
9. 89/392/EEC,MachineryDirective98:37:EC,amendedbyDirective98:79:EG.
10. 91/422/EEC,Brakingdevicesofcertaincategoriesofmotorvehiclesandtheirtrailers
11. 93/68/EEC,Conformitymarking
12. ISO116601:1999,CranesAccess,guardsandrestraintsPart1:General
13. ISO124821:1995,CranesConditionmonitoringPart1:General
14. EN418:1992,SafetyofmachineryEmergencystopequipment,functionalaspectsPrinciplesfordesign
15. EN5472:1996,SafetyofmachineryHumanbodymeasurementsPart2:Principlesfordeterminingthedimensionsrequiredforaccess
openings
16. EN6262:1996,SafetyofmachineryReductionofrisktohealthfromhazardoussubstancesemittedbymachineryPart2:Methodology
leadingtoverificationprocedures
17. ENISO116882:1998,AcousticsRecommendedpracticeforthedesignoflownoisemachineryandequipmentPart2:Introductiontothe
physicsoflownoisedesign(ISO/TR116882:1998)
18. EN130012:1997,CranesafetyGeneraldesignPart2:Loadactions
19. EN616721:2003,ElectroacousticsSoundlevelmetersPart1:Specifications(IEC616721:2002)/Note:Endorsementnotice
20. EN616722:2003,ElectroacousticsSoundlevelmetersPart2:Patternevaluationtests(IEC616722:2003)/Note:Endorsementnotice
21. DIN150612:1977,Cranesgrooveprofilesforwireropedrums
22. DIN15400:1990,Liftinghooksmaterials,mechanicalproperties,liftingcapacityandstresses
23. DIN154011:1982,LiftinghooksforliftingappliancesSinglehooksUnmachinedparts
24. DIN154012:1983,LiftinghooksforliftingappliancesSinglehooksFinishedpartswiththreadedshank
25. DIN15403:1969,LiftingHooksforHoistsKnuckleThreads
107
109
108
26. ISO86861:1989,CranesDesignprinciplesforloadsandloadcombinationsPart1:General
BSIBritishStandardsInstitution
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Revisions
BritishStandardsareupdatedbyamendmentorrevision.UsersofBritishStandardsshouldmakesurethattheypossessthelatestamendmentsor
editions.
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ambiguitywhileusingthisBritishStandardwouldinformtheSecretaryofthetechnicalcommitteeresponsible,theidentityofwhichcanbefoundon
theinsidefrontcover.Tel:+44(0)2089969000.Fax:+44(0)2089967400.
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Inresponsetoordersforinternationalstandards,itisBSIpolicytosupplytheBSIimplementationofthosethathavebeenpublishedasBritish
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Standards,unlessotherwiserequested.
Informationonstandards
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