Professional Documents
Culture Documents
.
1
CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
PROCEDURE
5-6
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 1
PAGE
PROJECT 1 : LEVELLING
AIM:
THEORY:
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 2
Tilting level
A surveyor's level with a bubble mounted on the telescope and a provision for
ii.
iii.
iv.
PROCEDURES:
1. Place the staff over point A and point B of structure laboratory.
2. The instrument was set up and prepared for the fly levelling process at random distance.
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 3
3. A staff was placed on the Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) and take a sight on the staff,
that reading is called Back Sight (BS).
4. Then, move the staff to a new position at point A and take the reading, this will be a
Intermediate Sight (IS).
5. Move the staff to a next position at point B and take the reading, this will be second
Intermediate Sight (IS).
6. The staff was then placed at the electric pole to get Fore Sight (FS) reading.
7. After that, move the instrument to a new position at the centre of field and take the
reading on the previous position of the staff. This position of staff is known as Change
Point (CP) and this reading will be Back Sight (BS).
8. Move the staff to a new position at point C and take the reading, this will be third
Intermediate Sight (IS).
9. Then, move the staff to a next position at point D and take the reading, this will be fourth
Intermediate Sight (IS).
10. The staff was then placed near the fire hydrant to get Fore Sight (FS) reading.
11. After that, move the instrument to a new position and take the reading on the previous
position of the staff. This position of staff is known as Change Point (CP) and this
reading will be Back Sight (BS).
12. The reading is taken at the same Temporary Bench Mark (TBM) as Fore Sight (FS) to
finally complete the flying process.
13. The readings that were taken, were all recorded.
14. The data collected, was then calculated to find the Reduced Level (RL), rise and fall,
correction and correction RL.
B.S
I.S
F.S
RISE
FALL
R.L
(m)
0.80
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
43.035
43.735
43.705
42.605
43.700
0.100
0.130
1.24
0.700
0.030
1.100
1.230
0.145
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
1.095
Page 4
CORR. CORR.
(m)
+0.128
+0.128
+0.128
+0.256
REMAKRS
RL (m)
43.863
43.833
42.733
43.956
TBM (43.035m)
A
B
C.P
C
6
7
8
0.120
1.02
0.025
0.985
1.230
0.865
0.210
43.725
42.860
42.650
+0.256
+0.256
+0.385
43.981
43.116
43.035
D
C.P
E
CALCULATION:
DATA:
STATION
BS
(m)
0.8
2
3
4
5
6
6
7
0.128
1.24
IS
(m)
FS
(m)
RISE(m)
FALL
(m)
R.L(m)
CORR.
(m)
CORR.
RL
(m)
43.035
0.10
0.13
0.7
0.03
1.10
1.23
0.145
0.12
1.02
1.095
0.025
0.985
1.23
0.865
0.21
43.735
43.705
42.605
43.700
43.725
42.860
42.65
+0.128
+0.128
+0.128
+0.256
+0.256
+0.256
+0.385
43.863
43.833
42.733
43.956
43.981
43.116
43.035
CALCULATION:
Height difference between T.B.M with point A
= 0.8 0.10
= 0.7 m
Point A higher than the T.B.M, the positive (+ ve) listed in the column rises
So 0.7 is located at column rise
Height difference between point A with point B
= 0.10 0.13
= (-0.03)
Point B lower than the point A, the negative (- ve) listed in the column fall
So (-0.03) is located at column fall
To find reduce level from point A
Reduce level from point A = Reduce level T.B.M + Rise
= 43.035 + 0.7
= 43.735 m
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 5
REMARKS
TBM
43.035
Titik A
Titik B
(C.P)
Titik C
Titik D
(C.P)
Titik E
CONCLUSION:
For the conclusion, we can know about a procedure to reading of the levelling. We can get any
knowledge to setup the level of land and to study the shape of earth surface. Accurate reading
sometimes there is an error in the reading; the earth is not flat or uneven terrain. besides that,
there is an error in the way in setting up tools. To study the shape of earth surface at the area on
the topography map and to find difference in level between two points.
We also can use tachymetry to rapid surveying, by which the positions, both horizontal and
vertical of points on the earths surface relatively to one another are determine without using a
chain or tape a separate levelling instrument. We can use tachymetry to prepare of topographic
map where horizontal and vertical distances are required to be measure.
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 6
And last, we can know about a procedure to reading of the compass. We can get any knowledge
to setup the level of land and to study the shape of earth surface. Accurately reading sometimes
there is an error in the reading; the earth is not flat or uneven terrain. Besides that, there is an
error in the way in setting up tools.
From that we will get an objective of this project.
REFERENCE:
TOOL
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 7
TILTING LEVEL
Tripod Stand
Staff bubble
ENGINEERING SURVEYING
Page 8