Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents of Lecture
Structure and composition of nucleotides
DNA as genetic material
Structure of DNA and RNA
Mutation of DNA
DNA sequencing technology
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide
Nucleoside
Sugar
(Ribose or
Deoxyribose)
Phosphate
Base
(Purine or
Pyrimidine)
Pentose
Pentose
Bacteria
Plants and
animals
Bacteria
(infected
wtih phage)
1981116
13
pA-C-G-T-AOH
pApCpGpTpA
pACGTA
5-ACTGA-3
A nucleic acid containing 50 or fewer
nucleotides is generally called oligonucleotide.
Heat-killed virulent
strain can transform
nonvirulent to virulent
one
Mautice Wilkins
James Waston
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
(1920-1958)
Wilkins
Page 738-740
Franklin
Page 740-741
By James Waston
By Brenda Maddox
Replication of DNA
Semiconservative
replication as
suggested by
Watson and Crick
14N14N
15N15N
15N14N
14N14N
15N14N
Structure of H-DNA
Structure of RNAs
Secondary structure
of RNA
Typical right-handed
stacking structure of
RNA
Reversible denaturation
(melting) and renaturation
(annealing) of DNA
Melting
point
DNA Hybridization
Southern Hybridization
Deamination of DNA
Deamination causes the
transformation of cytosine
to uracil.
In a mammalian cell, deamination of cytosine occurs
about 100 times per day.
Deamination Of A and G
occurs at about 1/100 of this
rate.
However, normally uracil is
removed by a repair system.
Depurination of DNA
Methylation of DNA
In a living organism, some nucleotide bases
are enzymatically methylated using S-adenosylMethionine (SAM) as methyl group donor.
In bacteria, methylation is used for defense
purpose and for mismatch repair.
In eukaryotic cells, about 5% of cytidines in
DNA are methylated, usually occurs at CpG
sequences. Methylation can suppress the activity
of transposons. Ectopic methylation can lead to
developmental abnormality.