Professional Documents
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Phan Bo Ngc
Final: 40%
Preparation for each class
Read text ahead of time
Finish homework
Questions, Discussion
Mondays and Fridays afternoon: see the secretary of the
department (room A1.413) for appointments
Measurements
Use laws of Physics to describe our understanding of
nature
F ma
dynamics
kinematics
t=0 s: x=-5 m
t=3 s: x=0 m
x=0-(-5)=5 m
Two features of displacement:
- its direction (a vector)
- its magnitude
Motion of an armadillo
6m
2m/s
3s
s avg
total distance
If a motorcycle travels 20 m in 2 s,
then its average velocity is:
8.4 km
0.8
Vavg
8.4
7.5 (km/h) savg 8.4 2.0 2.0 11.1(km/h)
0.12 0.50 0.50
0.12 0.50 0.50
x(t) dx(t)
v(t) lim
t 0 t
dt
x
Tangent line
xi
ti
Sample Problem :
The position of an object described by:
x = 4-12t+3t2 (x: meters; t: seconds)
(1) What is its velocity at t =1 s?
v=dx/dt=-12+6t=-6 (m/s)
C. Acceleration:
C1. Average acceleration:
The rate of change of velocity:
v v 2 v1
a avg
t
t 2 t1
Unit: m/s2 (SI) or cm/s2 (CGS)
v(t) dv(t) d dx d x
a(t) lim
2
t 0 t
dt
dt dt dt
The derivative of the velocity (or the second one of
the position) with respect to time.
dv
a
a const
dt
t
v v 0 adt v
t0
If t0=0:
v 0 a(t t 0 )
v v 0 at (1)
t
t
dx
v
x x 0 vdt x 0 [v0 a(t t 0 )]dt
dt
t0
t0
a(t t 0 ) 2
x x 0 v 0 (t t 0 )
2
If t0=0:
1 2 (2)
x x 0 v 0 t at
2
Specialized equations:
From Equations (1) & (2):
2
- v0
2a(x - x 0 )
1
x x 0 (v0 v)t
2
1 2
x x 0 vt at
2
Problem 27:
An electron has a=3.2 m/s2
At t (s): v=9.6 m/s
At time t: v = v0+at
Free-fall in vacuum
Free-fall on the Moon
Example:
v v 0 at
1 2
y y 0 v 0 t at
2
v v0 at v0 gt
v 0 20
t
2.04 (s)
g 9.8
(2) What is the balls maximum height?
1 2
y y 0 v 0 t at
2
1
2
y max 0 20 2.04 (-9.8)(2.04)
2
y max 20.4 (m)
We can use:
2
2
v v0 2a( y y0 )
2
0 20 2 9.8 ymax
So:
1
0 0 20t 9.8t 2
2
t 0 or t 4.08 (s)
t 4.08 (s)
v v0 at v0 gt
v 20 9.8(4.08) 20 (m/s)
2
2
v v0 2a( y y0 )
2
2
v v0 v v0 : downward
(4) What are the velocity and position
of the ball at t=5 s?
1
2
y 20t 9.8t 50
2
t 5.83 (s); t 1.75 (s)
so
t 5.83 (s)
x = xt x0
(one dimension)
v = x/t
3. Acceleration (m/s2): measuring the rate of change of
velocity
a = v/t
Homework:
(1) Read Sec. 2-10.
(2) From page 30: Problems 1-6, 16, 20, 29-31, 33,
46, 48, 50