The correct answer for each question is indicated by a

1
CORRECT

Changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen and hydrogen ions are
detected by
baroreceptors.
A)
chemoreceptors.
B)
nociceptors.
C)
proprioceptors.
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

2
CORRECT

Proprioceptors are involved in detecting

pain.
A)
changes in blood pressure.
B)
changes in tension in muscles and tendons.
C)
changes in temperature in the skin.
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

3
CORRECT

Which of these somatic receptors is involved in detecting heavy pressure?

free nerve endings
A)
Golgi tendon organs
B)
Meissner's corpuscles
C)

pacinian corpuscles
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

4
INCORRECT

The two main kinds of stretch receptors or proprioceptors that transmit

information to the spinal cord and brain about muscle tension and length
are
Meissner's corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles.
A)
Meissner's corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs.
B)
muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
C)
pacinian corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs.
D)
Feedback: Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs both transmit
proprioceptive information.

5
INCORRECT

Which of these receptors detects an increase in tension in a muscle?

Golgi tendon organ

A)
Meissner's corpuscle
B)
muscle spindle
C)
nociceptor
D)
Feedback: Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs both transmit
proprioceptive information. The muscle spindles are located within
muscles while the Golgi tendon organs are located within tendons. The
Golgi tendon organs are activated by in increase in tendon tension, caused
by either muscular contraction or passive stretching of the tendon.

6
INCORRECT

Which of these receptors detects lengthening or stretching of a muscle?

Golgi tendon organ
A)
Meissner's corpuscle
B)
muscle spindle
C)
nociceptor
D)
Feedback: Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs both transmit

proprioceptive information. The muscle spindles are located within

muscles while the Golgi tendon organs are located within tendons.

7
INCORRECT

Sensory receptors that are stimulated by the position of the body or its parts
are called
exteroceptors.
A)
interoreceptors.
B)
nociceptors.
C)
proprioceptors.
D)
Feedback: Proprioceptors provide information about body position,
movement, and the extent of stretch. They are associated with joints,
tendons, and other connective tissues.

8 CORRECT

Which of these combinations of general senses depends on

mechanoreceptors?
touch and temperature
A)
pressure and temperature

B)
pressure and proprioception
C)
proprioception and temperature
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer
9
INCORRECT

Exteroceptors provide information about

A)

body position, movement and the extent of stretch or force of muscular

contraction.
the body's chemical composition, blood pH and blood pressure.

B)
the body's internal environment.
C)
the body's external environment.
D)
Feedback: Extero- means outside.
10
INCORRECT

Which of the following types of sensory nerve endings is involved in

detecting changes in temperature?
free nerve endings
A)
Merkel's disks
B)
pacinian corpuscles
C)
Ruffini's corpuscles
D)
Feedback: Free nerve endings are the simplest and most common receptor.
They detect muliple sensations including pain, itch and temperature.

11
INCORRECT

Which of these nerve endings detects deep pressure and consists of a single
nerve process surrounded by a capsule layered like an onion?

Golgi tendon organ

A)
Merkel's disk
B)
pacinian corpuscle
C)
Ruffini's end organ
D)
Feedback: Pacinian or lamellated are located in the dermis of the skin.
They detect deep cutaneous pressure.

12
CORRECT

All of the following nerve endings are found in the skin EXCEPT
pacinian corpuscles.
A)
proprioceptors.
B)
Ruffini's corpuscles.
C)
tactile discs.

D)
Feedback: Correct Answer
13
CORRECT

You sense a tick crawling up your arm. Which of these receptors is involved?
hair follicle receptors
A)
Krause end bulbs
B)
pacinian corpuscles
C)
Ruffini's corpuscles
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

14
INCORRECT

The neuron of the spinothalamic system that ascends within the spinal cord
and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is
designated a
primary neuron
A)

secondary neuron
B)
tertiary neuron
C)
quaternary neuron
D)
Feedback: The primary neuron transmits input from the periphery to an
interneuron within the spinal cord. The secondary neuron crosses to the
opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends to the thalamus and the
tertiary neuron sends impulses from the thalamus to the cerebrum. There
is no quaternary neuron.

15
INCORRECT

The neuron of the spinothalamic system that sends impulses from the
thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex is designated a
primary neuron
A)
secondary neuron
B)
tertiary neuron
C)
quaternary neuron
D)

Feedback: The primary neuron transmits input from the periphery to an

interneuron within the spinal cord. The secondary neuron crosses to the
opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends to the thalamus and the
tertiary neuron sends impulses from the thalamus to the cerebrum. There
is no quaternary neuron.

16
CORRECT

In which of the following ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary

neurons decussate within the spinal cord?
fasciculus cuneatus
A)
posterior spinocerebellar tracts
B)
fasciculus gracilis
C)
spinothalamic tracts
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

17
INCORRECT

Decussation of ascending spinal pathways occurs mainly within the

midbrain and medulla oblongata
A)
pons and medulla oblongata
B)
spinal cord and medulla oblongata
C)
spinal cord only
D)
Feedback: Most ascending pathways and tracts do secussate or cross,
however some to remain uncrossed. Of those that cross, most do so in the
spinal cord or the medulla oblongata.

18
INCORRECT

The fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord is located in the
dorsal column.
A)
lateral column.
B)
posterior horn.
C)
ventral column.
D)

Feedback: The fasciculus gracilis is part of the dorsal column/medial

lemniscal system, which carries the sensations of 2-point discrimination,
proprioception, pressure and vibration. As the name implies, it is located
in the dorsal column.

19
INCORRECT

The fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are both tracts of which
pathway?
dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
A)
spinocerebellar
B)
spinalthalamic
C)
spinoreticular
D)
Feedback: The fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are both part
of the dorsal column/medial lemniscal system, which carries the sensations
of 2 point discrimination, proprioception, pressure and vibration.

20
CORRECT

The posterior spinocerebellular tract in each half of the spinal cord is located
in the
dorsal column
A)
lateral column
B)
posterior horn
C)
ventral column
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

21
INCORRECT

Ascending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the

columns.
A)
gray commissure.
B)
horns.
C)
roots.
D)
Feedback: The white matter of the spinal cord consists of myelinated
axons forming ascending and descending tracts. The white matter is
organized into columns.

22
INCORRECT

Which of the following spinal cord ascending tracts conveys sensory

information about which we become consciously aware?
spinocerebellular
A)
spinoolivary
B)
spinoreticular
C)
spinothalamic
D)
Feedback: As the name implies, the spinothalamic tract sends impulses to
the thalamu. Recall that most sensory input projects to the thalamus which
then sends impulses to the cerebral cortex where one becomes consciously
aware of sensory information.

23
INCORRECT

The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the

angular gyrus
A)
cingulated gyrus
B)
precentral gyrus
C)

postcentral gyrus
D)
Feedback: Most of the postcentral gyrus (of the parietal lobe) is called the
primary somatic sensory cortex or the general sensory area.
24
INCORRECT

An injury to the lateral portion of the postcentral gyrus in the right

hemisphere would result in some loss of sensation in the
left lower limb.
A)
right lower limb.
B)
left facial area.
C)
right facial area.
D)
Feedback: Each hemisphere receives somatic sensory information from the
opposite side of the body in the postcentral gyrus. The lateral portion of
the postcentral gyrus receives somatic sensory information from the facial
and neck region while the medial portion of the postcentral gyrus received
somatic sensory information from the trunk and appendages.

25
INCORRECT

The medial lemniscus

is a tract of nerve fibers that conveys sensory signals to the thalamus.
A)

B)

C)

receives information from the brain and spinal cord and relays it to the
cerebellum.
provides an avenue of communication between the two cerebral
hemispheres.
links the primary motor area to the primary sensory area.

D)
Feedback: The medial lemniscus (meaning ribbon) has a ribbon-like
appearance. It is a tract that extends from the medulla through the
brainstem to the thalamus.
26
INCORRECT

Sensory information on its way from your hand to the cerebral cortex
would pass through the following structures in what sequence?
1. medulla oblongata
2. midbrain
3. pons
4. spinal cord
5. thalamus
4-1-3-2-5
A)
4-1-2-3-5
B)
4-1-2-5-3
C)
4-2-1-3-5
D)
Feedback: Sensory nerve tracts ascend the spinal cord, to the brainstem
(medulla, midbrain, and pons) on its way to the thalamus before being
directed to the appropriate region of the cerebrum.
27
INCORRECT

If the lateral spinothalamic tract is cut, which of the following sensations

would be absent on the opposite side below the incision?
light touch and pressure
A)
light touch and itch
B)
pain and temperature
C)
pressure and itch
D)
Feedback: The lateral spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature
information and the anterior spinothalamic tract carries light touch,
pressure, tickle and itch sensations.

28
INCORRECT

Which of the following tracts conducts sensory impulses for pain and
temperature from various levels of the spinal cord to the thalamus?
anterior spinothalamic tracts

A)
fasiculus cuneatus
B)
fasiculus gracilis
C)
lateral spinothalamic tracts
D)
Feedback: The spinothalamic system is divided into the lateral and
anterior spinothalamic tracts. The lateral spinothalamic tract carries pain
and temperature information and the anterior spinothalamic tract carries
sensory information regarding light touch, pressure, tickle and itch
sensations.
29
INCORRECT

Severing which part of the spinothalamic tract would result in pain

impulses from the right side being blocked?
right anterior
A)
left anterior
B)
right lateral
C)
left lateral
D)
Feedback: The lateral spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature
information. Sensory information entering into the spinal cord crosses
over to the opposite side prior to ascending the lateral spinothalamic tract.

30
INCORRECT

Each of the following are correctly paired EXCEPT

spinocerebellar tract - proprioception
A)
spinoolivary tract - balance
B)
spinotectal tract - visual reflexes
C)

spinothalamic tract - two-point discrimination

D)
Feedback: The spinothalamic tract transmits pain, temperature, light
touch, pressure, tactile, and itch sensations. Two point discrimination is
transmitted by the dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system.
31
INCORRECT

You touch a hot object, the signal reaches the thalamus but the sensation of
hot is not perceived. Which of the following is NOT transmitting the signal
to an intact postcentral gyrus?
primary neuron
A)
receptor
B)
secondary neuron
C)
tertiary neuron
D)
Feedback: The primary neuron transmits input from the peripheral
receptor to an interneuron within the spinal cord. The secondary neuron
crosses to the opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends to the
thalamus and the tertiary neuron sends impulses from the thalamus to the
cerebrum

32
INCORRECT

You stick yourself with a pin but a signal is not transmitted to the thalamus.
Which of the following is NOT involved in your failure to perceive the
pain?
receptor
A)
primary neuron
B)
secondary neuron
C)
tertiary neuron
D)
Feedback: The primary neuron transmits input from the peripheral

receptor to an interneuron within the spinal cord. The secondary neuron

crosses to the opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends to the
thalamus and the tertiary neuron sends impulses from the thalamus to the
cerebrum
33
CORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about cutaneous information detected

below the head that results in a sensation?
Transmission involves a three-neuron pathway.
A)
The signals are routed to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus.
B)
The signals travel up the spinal cord in specific ascending tracts.
C)

D)

The signals always decussate in the medulla oblongata to reach the

cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side.

Feedback: Correct Answer

34
INCORRECT

The sensory areas for vision are located in the

frontal lobes.
A)
occipital lobes.
B)
parietal lobes.
C)
temporal lobes.
D)
Feedback: The cerebrum is divided into lobes: the frontal, parietal,
temporal, and occipital lobes as well as the insula, which is frequently
referred to as the fifth lobe. The visual cortex is located in the occipital
lobe.

35
CORRECT

The sensations of temperature, touch, pressure and pain occur in the

precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe.
A)
postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe.
B)
posterior portions of each occipital lobe.
C)
superior posterior portions of the temporal lobes.
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

36
INCORRECT

Somatic sensory signals are routed to which of the following areas?

angular gyrus
A)
cingulated gyrus
B)
precentral gyrus
C)
postcentral gyrus
D)
Feedback: The postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe contains the
primary somatic sensory cortex. The thalamus projects general somatic
sensory information to this part of the cerebrum.

37
INCORRECT

The occipital lobes contain which of the following primary sensory areas?
auditory
A)
olfactory
B)
taste
C)
visual
D)
Feedback: The cerebrum is divided into lobes: the frontal, parietal,
temporal, and occipital lobes as well as the insula, which is frequently
referred to as the fifth lobe. The visual cortex, where visual images are
processed, is located in the occipital lobe.

38
CORRECT

Incoming visual information is compared with past visual experience in

which of the following areas?
Broca's area
A)
visual association area
B)
visual cortex
C)
Wernicke's area
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

39
INCORRECT

In which of the following areas does word recognition occur?

auditory association area
A)
Broca's area
B)
primary auditory cortex
C)
Wernicke's area
D)
Feedback: Association areas receive information from the primary areas
and are involved in the process of recognition.

40
INCORRECT

The neuron that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory
information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is designated a
primary neuron.
A)
secondary neuron.
B)
tertiary neuron.
C)
quaternary neuron.

D)
Feedback: In a three-neuron sequence, the secondary neuron crosses to the
opposite side of the spinal cord and then ascends to the thalamus.
41
INCORRECT

In which of the following ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary

neurons decussate within the spinal cord?
cuneate fasciculi
A)
dorsal spinocerebellar tracts
B)
gracile fasciculi
C)
spinothalamic tracts
D)
Feedback: Secondary neurons cross at the point within the spinal cord
where the primary neuron enters and then enters the spinothalamic tract,
which transmits cutaneous sensory information.

42
INCORRECT

Decussation of ascending spinal pathways occurs mainly within the

midbrain and medulla oblongata.
A)
pons and medulla oblongata.
B)
spinal cord and medulla oblongata.
C)
spinal cord only.
D)
Feedback: Of those sensory pathways that cross to the opposite side, most
do so within the spinal cord at the level of origin or within the medulla
oblongata.

43
INCORRECT

The fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord is located in the
dorsal column.
A)

lateral column.
B)
posterior horn.
C)
ventral column.
D)
Feedback: The fasciculus gracilis along with the fasciculus cuneatus form
the dorsal-column/medial lemniscal system. As the name implies it is
located in the dorsal column of the spinal cord. It carries information
concerning proprioception and two-point discrimination.
44
INCORRECT

The posterior spinocerebellar tract in each half of the spinal cord is located
in the
dorsal column.
A)
lateral column.
B)
posterior horn.
C)
ventral column.
D)
Feedback: There are two spinocerebellar tracts, the posterior
spinocerebellar tract and the anterior spinocerebellar tract. Both are
located in the lateral column of the spinal cord.

45
INCORRECT

Which of the following spinal cord ascending pathways conveys sensory

information about which we become consciously aware?
spinocerebellular
A)
spinoolivary
B)
spinoreticular
C)
spinothalamic

D)
Feedback: The spinothalamic pathway transmits sensory information to
the thalamus, which then directs the impulse to the somatic sensory cortex
of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the level of conscious awareness.
46
INCORRECT

Nerve fibers that cross over from one side of the body to the other within
the spinal cord or medulla oblongata are said to
decussate.
A)
diverge.
B)
deliquesce.
C)
translocate.
D)
Feedback: Decussate is derived from the Latin word meaning to from an
"X".

47
INCORRECT

Which of the following tracts carry motor impulses to trunk and upper and
lower limb muscles to maintain posture?
corticospinal tracts
A)
reticulospinal tracts
B)
spinocerebellular tracts
C)
spinothalamic tracts
D)
Feedback: The name of most sensory tracts begin with "spino" while the
name of most motor tracts end with "spinal", thus limiting the choices to A
or B. The reticulospinal tract is an indirect pathway. Indirect pathways are
involved in less precise motor control such as maintaining posture.

48
INCORRECT

Which of the following descending tracts of the spinal cord is NOT an

indirect pathway?

anterior reticulospinal tracts

A)
lateral corticospinal tracts
B)
medial reticulospinal tracts
C)
rubrospinal tracts
D)
Feedback: Indirect or extrapyramidal pathways are involved in less
precise motor control such as maintaining posture. Direct or pyramidal
pathways are involved in the maintenance of muscle tone and controlling
conscious skilled movements. The lateral corticospinal tract is a direct
pathway.

49
INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about the lateral corticospinal tracts?

A)

The motor nerve fibers in them originate primarily in the precentral

gyrus of each frontal lobe.
The fibers decussate in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.

B)

C)

The fibers descend in the spinal cord to motor neurons that innervate
skeletal muscles.

The fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles.

D)
Feedback: The lateral corticospinal tract is a direct pathyway originating
in the precentral gyrus. Direct pathways are involved in the maintenance
of muscle tone and controlling conscious skilled movements.
50
INCORRECT

Which of the following is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed

of motor fibers?
fasciculus cuneatus
A)
fasciculus gracilis
B)
spinothalamic tract
C)
vestibulospinal tract
D)
Feedback: Most motor tracts end with "spinal". The vestibulospinal tract
is an indirect pathway responsible primarily for maintaining posture and
balance.

51
CORRECT

Descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the

columns.
A)
gray commissure.
B)
horns.
C)
roots.
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

52
INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about the indirect pathways of the
voluntary motor system?

They constitute the extrapyramidal system.

A)
The constitute one of the two groups of upper motor neurons.
B)

C)

D)

They are largely involved in controlling movements in the head and

neck.
Upper motor neurons synapse on intermediate neurons rather than
directly with lower motor neurons.

Feedback: The indirect pathways or the extrapyramidal system is

associated with controlling overall body coordination and posture, not in
precise motor functions.
53
CORRECT

A pen is placed in your left hand behind your back. Which of the following
tracts would NOT be involved in your ability to state what is in your hand?
association
A)
commissural
B)
corticobulbar
C)
corticospinal
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

54
INCORRECT

The primary motor areas are located in the

precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe
A)
postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe
B)
occipital lobes
C)
temporal lobes
D)

Feedback: The primary motor area, located in the precentral gyrus of the
frontal lobe, controls many voluntary movements, especially the fine motor
movements produced by the hand.

55
INCORRECT

The neurons in the primary motor area that control toe movements in your
left foot are located

A)

B)

deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the right

precentral gyrus.
deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the left precentral
gyrus.
in the inferolateral region of the right precentral gyrus.

C)
in the inferolateral region of the left precentral gyrus.
D)
Feedback: Recall that the lateral portion of the precentral gyrus (the
primary motor cortex) controls movements to the head and neck region,
while the medial portion of the precentral gyrus controls movements of the
trunk and appendages. Also recall that one side of the cerebral cortex
controls skeletal movement on the opposite side of the body.

56
CORRECT

The primary motor area is located in the __________ gyrus of each

__________ lobe.
precentral; frontal
A)
precentral, parietal
B)
postcentral; frontal
C)
postcentral; parietal
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

57
INCORRECT

In addition to planning and initiating movements, the prefrontal areas of

the frontal lobes also functions to
help interpret sensory information and aid in understanding speech.
A)

B)

C)

analyze visual patterns and combine visual images with other sensory
experiences.
perform higher intellectual processes such as concentrating, planning
and complex problem solving.
recognize words and arrange them to express a thought.

D)
Feedback: The prefrontal area is well developed in primates. This area is
involved in motivation, planning regulation of emotional behavior and
mood as well as planning and initiating movement.
58
CORRECT

The motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements is located in

which of the following areas?
prefrontal area
A)
premotor area
B)
primary motor area
C)

Wernicke's area
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer
59
INCORRECT

In what sequence would the following areas of the CNS be involved in a

planned movement involving the hands?
1. brachial plexus
2. primary motor area
3. premotor area
4. prefrontal area
4-3-2-1
A)
4-2-3-1
B)
3-4-2-1
C)
2-3-4-1
D)
Feedback: The prefrontal area initiates movement. Motor functions are
then organized in the premotor area before being initiated by the primary
motor cortex. The brachial plexus then innervates the upper limbs.

60
INCORRECT

Which of the following tracts carry motor impulses that control posture
adjustment?
corticospinal tracts
A)
reticulospinal tracts
B)
spinocerebellular tracts
C)
spinothalamic tracts
D)
Feedback: First recall that sensory pathways frequently begin with
"spino-" and motor pathways end with "spinal". The direct motor
pathways normally directly control speed and precision of skilled

movements. Indirect motor pathways are involved with cooridination and

maintaining posture. The reticulospinal pathway is an indirect pathway.
61
INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about the lateral corticospinal tracts?

A)

The motor nerve fibers in them originate primarily in the precentral

gyrus of each frontal lobe.
The fibers decussate in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.

B)

C)

The fibers descend in the spinal cord to motor neurons that innervate
skeletal muscles.
The fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles.

D)
Feedback: The lateral corticopinal tract is a direct pathway that provides
for conscious control of skeletal muscle.
62
INCORRECT

Which of the following is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed

of motor fibers?
cuneate fasciculus
A)
gracile fasciculus
B)
spinothalamic tract
C)
vestibulospinal tract
D)
Feedback: Motor tracts originate in the brain and terminate in the spinal
cord. As the name implies, the vestibulospinal tract originates in the
vestibular nuclei and terminates in the spinal cord. It transmits impulses
for maintaining posture.

63
INCORRECT

Because of injuries received in an automobile accident, a young man

remains hospitalized in a coma. It is likely the injuries affected his
amygdala.
A)

hippocampus.
B)
limbic system.
C)
reticular formation.
D)
Feedback: The portion of the reticular formation that stimulates
wakefulness and consciousness constitutes the reticular activating system
(RAS).
64
CORRECT

The condition resulting from a lesion in the premotor area that causes
impairment of a musician's ability to play the piano is called
aphasia.
A)
apraxia.
B)
athetosis.
C)
amorphosynthesis.
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

65
INCORRECT

The group of nuclei scattered throughout the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain that activates the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness is
called the
island of Reil.
A)
limbic system.
B)
reticular formation.
C)
Wernicke's area.
D)

Feedback: The portion of the reticular formation that stimulates

wakefulness and consciousness is the reticular activating system.
66
INCORRECT

Damage to the reticular formation is most likely to result in which of the

following?
amnesia
A)
exaggerated expressions of anger, fear and aggression
B)
irreversible coma
C)
loss of vision
D)
Feedback: The reticular formation stimulates wakefulness and
consciousness, thus damage would result most likely in a coma.

67
INCORRECT

Which of the following cranial nerves does not have axons that pass
through the brainstem or nuclei in the brainstem?
facial (VII) nerve
A)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
B)
olfactory (I) nerve
C)
optic (II) nerve
D)
Feedback: All cranial nerves expect the first cranial nerve, the olfactory (I)
nerve does not have any connection with the brainstem.

68
INCORRECT

What type of brain wave is recorded when a student is actively involved in

formulating an answer to a question posed in class?
alpha
A)
beta

B)
delta
C)
theta
D)
Feedback: Beta waves have higher frequencies and occur during intense
mental activity.
69
INCORRECT

Which low-frequency brain waves are normal in children and sleeping

adults but suggest emotional stress or brain disorders in awake adults?
alpha
A)
beta
B)
delta
C)
theta
D)
Feedback: Theta waves usually occur in children, but can occur in adults
experiencing frustration or emotional distress.

70
INCORRECT

Which type of brain wave occurs during deep sleep?

alpha
A)
beta
B)
delta
C)
theta
D)
Feedback: Delta waves normally occur during stage 4 of sleep or deep
sleep. They havea lower frequency. Delta waves also occur in infancy and
in patients with severe brain disorders.

71
INCORRECT

What type(s) of brain waves predominate in an EEG recorded during stage

4 sleep?
alpha
A)
alpha and theta
B)
delta
C)
delta and theta
D)
Feedback: Delta waves normally occur during stage 4 of sleep or deep
sleep. They have a lower frequency. Delta waves also occur in infancy and
in patients with severe brain disorders.

72
INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about REM sleep?

eyes flicker under the eyelids
A)
the EEG resembles that of a waking state
B)
most dreams occur during REM sleep
C)
occurs during stage 2 of sleep
D)
Feedback: REM or rapid eye movement sleep occurs during stage 1 of
sleep.

73
CORRECT

Which of the following is an abbreviation for the name of a recording of

the electrical activity of the brain?
CVA
A)
ECG
B)
EEG
C)
EKG
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

74
CORRECT

A lesion in Broca's area results in defective speech, which is a type of

aphasia.
A)
apraxia.
B)
athetosis.
C)
amorphosynthesis.

D)
Feedback: Correct Answer
75
INCORRECT

Broca's area
controls voluntary movements of the eyes and eyelids.
A)
controls motor functions that maintain balance and posture.
B)
coordinates complex muscular actions that make speech possible.
C)

D)

controls the muscular movements of the hands and fingers that make
skills such as writing possible.

Feedback: Broca's area is the motor speech area located in the inferior
part of the left frontal lobe.
76
CORRECT

What area of the cerebral cortex is thought to be involved with explicit or

declarative memory?
Broca's area
A)
hippocampus
B)
infundibulum
C)
insula
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

77
INCORRECT

How does sensory information reaching the left cerebral hemisphere get
transferred to the right hemisphere to be used in decision making and
speaking?
by way of the medulla oblongata
A)
through the red nucleus

B)
by way of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum
C)
through the thalamus
D)
Feedback: The corpus callosum is the largest commisure of the brain. It is
a broad band of nerve tracts at the base of the longitudinal fissure that
allows sensory information received by one hemisphere to be transferred
to the other hemisphere.
78
CORRECT

In most people, Wernicke's area communicates with Broca's area through

____ fibers.
association
A)
commissural
B)
descending
C)
projection
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

79
CORRECT

What is the complex of structures called that controls emotional experience

and can modify the way a person acts?
Broca's area
A)
limbic system
B)
reticular formation
C)
vasomotor center
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

80
CORRECT

Which of the following structures is involved in both explicit memory as

well as the development of fear?
amygdaloid nucleus
A)
Broca's area
B)
hippocampus
C)
Wernicke's area
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

81
INCORRECT

In what sequence would the following areas of the brain be involved for
you to see, recognize, and tell someone about the words in this sentence?
1. Broca's area
2. Wernicke's area
3. primary motor cortex
4. visual cortex
1-2-3-4
A)
4-2-1-3
B)
4-2-3-1
C)
4-3-2-1
D)
Feedback: First the visual image needs to be processed by the visual cortex
in the cerebrum. Wernicke's area would be necessary to formulate
coherent speech and Broca's area would then initiate the complex
movements required for the speech. Finally, the primary motor cortex
would control the specific skeletal muscles necessary.

82
CORRECT

Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation and expression

of feelings and emotions?
amygdala

A)
cerebellum
B)
hypothalamus
C)
prefrontal cortex
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer
83
CORRECT

In what sequence would the following areas be involved for you to repeat a
word you hear?
1. Wernicke's area
2. Broca's area
3. primary auditory cortex
4. premotor area
5. primary motor cortex
3-2-1-4-5
A)
3-2-1-5-4
B)
3-1-2-4-5
C)
1-3-2-4-5
D)
Feedback: Correct Answer

84
INCORRECT

Procedural memory is stored primarily in which of the following areas?

cerebellum and amygdala
A)
cerebellum and hippocampus
B)
cerebellum and premotor area
C)
hippocampus and amygdala

D)
Feedback: Procedural or implicit memory involves the development of
skills.
85
INCORRECT

Which of the following is an effect of aging on the nervous system?

an increased sense of two-point discrimination
A)
identify objects by touch more easily
B)
decreased awareness of tactile stimulation
C)
reduction in the number of free nerve endings
D)
Feedback: As one ages, free nerve endings and hair follicle receptors
largely remain unchanged, however pacinian corpuscles and Meissner's
corpuscles decrease in number and become structurally distorted, thus
elderly have a decreased awareness of tactile and pressure stimulation.

86
INCORRECT

Which of the following statements are true in regards to the general sleep
pattern the elderly?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Less time is required to fall asleep and there are more periods of
wakefulness during the night.
Less time is required to fall asleep and there are fewer periods of
wakefulness during the night.
More time is required to fall asleep and there are more periods of
wakefulness during the night.
More time is required to fall asleep and there are fewer periods of
wakefulness during the night.

Feedback: As one ages, not only does it take longer to fall asleep, but there
tends to be an increase in stage 1 of sleep (the least restful stage of sleep)
and less of stage 4 and REM sleep (the more restful stage of sleep).