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INTRODUCTION
Defined as Project hydraulic, the set of works that are constructed with
the purpose of storing, evacuate and distribute a certain volume of
water to meet certain demands of the area where it is located.
The main parts of a hydraulic set are:
Dam
Spillway
REGULATING
RESERVOIR
EFFECT
OF
THE
In the great majority of the cases you get ready of the water in periods
that necessarily is needed her not to her On the other hand you require
her in periods in that it is showing a deficit. Surging of the need of
regulation, Necesidad to construct reservoirs. The regulation can be to
daily level ( hold back of drinkable water ) or to seasonal level ( reservoir
of great magnitude ).
DISCHARGE
STRUCTURE
CAPACITY
OF
THE
The esteem of the design of an Spillway in relation to the flow that you
will have to bear implicates different disciplines like the hidrolgica, the
meteorology, the statistics and cost-reducing factors, technological and
even moral, since of this the implicit certainty will depend on a dam in
emergency moments. The design of the Spillway they have a great
influence of the cost-reducing factor, since these only will obey his show
during periods in that they surpass the same capability of her, which is
why it is known for to have to present laying plans with a loud safety
factor you can reduce losses for faults of the prey, but also you can take
to cost-reducing losses for the construction of big Spillways and no
confronting events of faults of the prey in long periods of time.
COMBINATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE OF
DAMS
It consists in projecting the whole bag of tricks and characteristics of the
hydraulic works, the functioning of these, as well as the constructive
aspects and the materials that will use in each theirs themselves. The
analysis of the hydraulic planning must come true specifying with
proposal of over an alternative the following stages:
SYSTEM OF comprehension: The construction of a dam
of reservoir, The comprehension or bocatoma is a
CRITERIA
Selection of the avenue of the project: You understand
general considerations and hidrogramas of the avenue of
the project.
Relation of the storage of surcharge to the capability of the
drain.
Studies of variation of levels.
Selection of the size of the Spillway.
Canal of approximation.
Section of control.
Transition.
Fast or conduit of unloading.
Terminal structures or squanderers of energy.
Canal of exit.
Canal of approximation:
STRUCTURES OF CONTROL:
They are structures that project and they construct with the end,
so much to control flow intensities, like of maintaining the
necessary water levels to make easy his derivation to another
canals or else, to the takes that waters above the dam get
located.
CANAL LATERAL
It is a structure that you forge for yourself due to the insufficient
capability of unloading or effects at the avenue of design, with the
aim of directing the flow that it overflows of the Spillway laterally
FAST
That element comes from the Spillway channel to save. The
difference of level between the section vertedora and the riverbed
or canal of exit. His slope generally is strong, assuring a regimen
of super-critical circulation.
TERMINAL STRUCTURE Or SQUANDERER OF energy
It the in charge to dissipate the loud kinetic energy that is
enough is the water to the circular for her fast, due to his slope,
avoiding the erosion of the natural lot that way and the
consequent destruction of the own work or close other to the
unloading of the Spillway.
TYPES OF OVERFLOW Spillway
a) Classification of the Spillway according to his disposition
in plant.
The Spillways according to his disposition in plant classify in:
Front Spillway: They are those rectums in plant, whose
vertimiento has total success coaxial to the conduit of unloading;
They have like disadvantages that can occupy big extensions in
plant, which would bring as a result in case of being built at a
mountain, big volmenes of excavation.
DESIG
N
They must consider the following aspects for an Spillways design:
Selection of the avenue of the project: You understand
general considerations and hidrogramas of the avenue of
the project.
Relation of the storage of surcharge to the capability of the
drain
Studies of variation of levels
EXAMPLE OF design
As from the HISTORIC RECORD OF Maximum YEARLY FLOW
INTENSITIES:
Q: 320 m^3/s
Desv. Std: 70 m^3/s
Once a hundred-year-old avenue was set aside for
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FLOW
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R= 6.36 m
H/R= 0.31
Co= 3.75
IN THE FORMULA:
404.75= 3.75 * 2* R * 2^3/2
R= 6.07m you are different R asum. = 6.36 m.
HACEMOS UN NUEVO CLCULO:
R= 6.07 m.
H/R= 0.3
Co= 3.72
IN THE FORMULA:
404.75 = 3.72 x 2 x R x 2 ^3/2
R = 6.12 m.
The value is brought near the assumed, therefore you are acceptable
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14
15
v21
E1=z 1 + y 1+
2g
Where:
Zi charges of position
Yi Carga of pressure
V ^2 /2 *g: Charge of velocity ( g 9,81 m s2 )
h: Hydraulic load
v 22
z 2+ y 2+
2g
v 21
H=E 1E2= z 1+ y 1+
2g
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P v
P v
z 1+ 1 + 1 =z2 + 2 + 2 +h f
2g
2g
P1 P2 v22 0.5v22
H max + = + +
2g
2g
3 2
v
2 2
H max =
2g
H min =0.3v t D
vt
D
H min =0.5 D
LATERAL SPILLWAYS
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2
Q= V u 2gLh 2
3
Donde:
V = 0.95
= Shrinkage factor
L = length of the drain
h = The charges average on the crest
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h=
h 1+h 2
2
h 1=0.8 h 2
h=0.9 h2
v1
0.75
gy 1
h 2h 1 Y 2Yn
For the better the efficiency of the crest of the drain uses to utilize
different moral values itself, according to the way than adopt the crest.
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The type to and b, they use themselves when they utilize the
flow intensity that is eliminated for the window or the canal's low
neckline, a road crosses over, frequently when the potholes
protrude, when this is not necessary and you can eliminate the
flow intensity of the drain to the foot of the same, utilize him
types c d.
The lateral overflow channels can discharge through a drain with
mattress at the foot ( little unevennesses ) intervening a sewer
with a squandering screen of energy at the end ( big
unevennesses ).
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WEBGRAFIA:
http://www.jgicsa.com/DOSSIER_JES%C3%9AS%20GRANELL
%20Ingenieros%20Consultores.pdf
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertedero_hidr%C3%A1ulico
http://www.ugich.com/descargas/AECID
%20Curso1/CALCULO%20DE%20CAUDALES%20DE
%20AVENIDA.pdf
http://tesis.uson.mx/digital/tesis/docs/9136/Capitulo2.pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fuente: MANUAL: CRITERIOS DE DISEOS DE OBRAS
HIDRAULICAS PARA LA FORMULACION DE PROYECTOS HIDRAULI
COS.
Archivos adjuntados en el CD.
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