Protections and Automatics 3V3I

RTU7
Protections and Automatics Manual
Configuration 3V3I
Version of the parameters 112.01
Version of the records parameters 112.01
FW 112.01 or greater
Document version 2013-01-21

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Contents
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

MEASUREMENT

Sampling
Angles
Filtration
Frequency Measurement
Transmitting Measured Values
Ranges
Powers Measurement
Circuit Breaker Control
Group Switching
Initialization
Signalling
Signalling by the Relay Output
Open/Close Disabling
Signalling panel
ANSI Functions

5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7

ADDRESSES OF THE DIGITAL SIGNALS AND THE MEASUREMENTS

Measurements
Digital Signals

8
9

PROTECTIONS

15

Parameterization
Common parameters
General Overcurrent Protection
Overvoltage Protection
Undervoltage Protection
Overfrequency Protection
Underfrequency Protection
Earth Fault Protection
Impulse Protection
Conductance Protection
Wattmetrical Protection
Earth Fault Protection Connection of the Resistor
Voltage Unbalance Protection
Current Unbalance Protection

15
16
17
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
26
27
28
29

AUTOMATICS

31
2

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Automatic Open after Unsuccessful Reclosing

Automatic Reclosing

31
32

FAULT RECORDS

34

Common Settings
Analogue Channels
Digital Channels

34
35
35

SIGNALLING

36

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Introduction
Dear customer, this document explains the protections and automatics functions that are implemented in RTU7 based units
manufactured by the company ELVAC a.s. The document contains a description of the particular protection functions and their
parameters. The RTU User Center application is used for parameterization of the RTU units.
Technical Support
Our goal in writing this document was to create a clear guide for the users of our equipment. If you find a problem or experience
any difficulties, please contact our technical support. Our technical support team is ready to explain any incomprehension. This
document is continuously updated, so please check if your version is up to date.
Training
We offer training on protections and the other functions of the RTU units for our customers. If you are interested, please contact a
product manager.

Copyright
Modifications or provision of the content to a third party in any form and without the expressive consent of the ELVAC a.s. is
forbidden.
Copyright 2009-2013 ELVAC a.s.

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Measurement
The following chapters describe the algorithms used for the measuring and for the calculation of the particular values.

Sampling
The RTU unit measures three phase voltages and three phase currents. Currents are measured by two inputs with two different
input ranges (currents ix and ixH). Thanks to this feature the accurate values are measured up to a quadruple of the nominal current.
Nominal range depends on the used input analogue module. A 10bit A/D converter with simultaneous sampling is used to avoid the
phase shift among the measured channels. Additionally the phase shift compensation is carried out during the production process.
All currents and voltages are sampled 180 times per 10 milliseconds. 3i0 and v0 are calculated every 10ms/180 as the sum of the
instantaneous values of the phase currents and phase voltages. All instantaneous values of currents and voltages are filtered by
band pass from 30 Hz to 80 Hz. These filtered values are used for the computation of i0 and v0 and also for the computation of the
effective values of 3I0 and V0. The measured values are processed 180 times per 10 milliseconds. The effective values are calculated
every 10 milliseconds. These values are used in the protection functions. The one second average from 100 values is transmitted to
the control system if the integral or differential filter is exceeded, or if the limit is exceeded.

Angles
Angles are measured 180 times per 10 milliseconds (with 1 step). The angles 1/2/3 are measured between the phase currents
and the phase voltages. When the effective value of V1/V2/V3 is less than 1% (of the voltage range) and the effective value of I1/ I2/ I3
is less than 0.5 % (of the current range), the angle is not measured and it is set to 0 (cos 0 = 1).
The angle 0 is measured between v0 and -i0. The filtered values of v0 and -i0 are used (see next chapter). The angle is measured
constantly. However cos 0 = 1 is transmitted to the control system if the one second average of the effective value of the V0 is less
than 1.08% (of the voltage range) or if the one second average of the effective value of 3I0 is less than 0.78% (of the current range).

Filtration
The instantaneous values ux and ix are filtered by the band pass from 30 Hz to 80 Hz. The phase shift of the output signal is the same
as the input signal. The filter transfer is compensated by the constant.

Frequency Measurement
2

j2/3

Frequency is measured from the positive sequence voltage which is given by VPS = (V1 + aV2 + a V3)/3, where a = e . The measured
range is from 10 to 100 Hz. The frequency is measured by counting of the zero crosses of the vPS. The frequency is set to 0 Hz, when
all line to line voltages are less than 10% of the voltage range. The range of the frequency for the control system is from 0 to 100 Hz
(for the normalized values in the range from 0 to 32767). The smallest step is 0.024 Hz. Accuracy of the frequency is 0.07 % (i.e.
0.035 Hz for 50 Hz) for frequencies between 30 Hz and 80 Hz.

Transmitting Measured Values

Actual values are transmitted when the integral or differential filter is exceeded. Group transfer is also available. When any of the
analogue channels with enabled group transfer changes then all analogue channels with enabled group transfer are transmitted.
Thanks to this feature the amount of transmitted data can be reduced. Moreover, the transmitted values are read at the same time.

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Ranges
The ranges for protections are the same as the ranges for the current and voltage inputs. All ranges and parameters are set in the
effective values. The following table contains ranges for both current and voltage inputs. The set value and the maximum value vary
according to the nominal value. Values in the rows without conversion remain unchanged.
Nominal range

Set range

Maximum value

Current inputs [A]

Current inputs (without conversion)

100
8192

400
32767

400
32767

Voltage inputs [kV]

Voltage inputs (without conversion)

22
27306

26.4
32767

26.4
32767

Powers Measurement
The RTU7 units measure active, reactive, and apparent power. Active power is given by the sum of the products of the
instantaneous currents and voltages in all three phases. Reactive power is given by the sum of the products of the instantaneous
currents and voltages in all three phases where voltages are shifted by 90. Apparent power is calculated every 10 milliseconds from
the active and reactive power. The range for the powers P, Q, S is from 0 to 3 * U * I.

Circuit Breaker Control

Circuit breaker can be controlled by the relay output. One relay output is defined for the open command of the circuit breaker and
the second is defined for the close command. Two additional parameters are used to define one and a half or two pole control.
Open command has a greater priority than the close one. When the open command is performed during the close command the
close command is interrupted.

Group Switching
The RTU7 unit in the 3V3I configuration provides two groups of protections. Only one group is used at a time. Switching between
groups is done by the special signal with address 161. The currently used group is determined by the value of this signal. The
protections are initialized after the group is switched.

Initialization
Initialization of the protections takes place after the unit restart, switching on, parameterization, and group switching. The
initialization lasts 15 seconds. The signalling of pickups, trips, closing, and opening is disabled during the initialization. All pickups
and trips are cleared and parameters are read at the beginning of initialization.

Signalling
Particular protections can signal pickups, trips and opening by signals. The signals have to be enabled to transmit its states to the
control system. It is also possible to define additional parameters (single/double bit, enable negation) for each signal. The signals are
transmitted with not topical attribute if the protection is disabled.

Signalling by the Relay Output

Trip of all protection can be signalled by relay closing. This must be enabled in the parameters of the particular protection. If the
address of the signalling relay is set to none, the signalling is disabled. The signalling by relay is also disabled when the address of the
signalling relay equals to the address of the breaker close relay, or breaker open relay, or heating relay, or cooling relay. Signalling
6

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

by relay is prolonged by 40 ms because of possible flicking of the trip. The same relay may be shared among more protection
functions. The resulting state of the relay is given by the logical sum of particulars trips.

Open/Close Disabling
Open or close function provided by the protection can be blocked (disabled) by parameters and by the special virtual digital signals.
These signals are set to block (its value is 1) open/close function by default. The logic of all virtual digital inputs including the special
blocking signals for protections can be negated.

Signalling panel
The LED signalling panel can be connected to the RTU7 unit. The meaning of each LED is parameterized by the expressions.

ANSI Functions
In the following table there is a list of the ANSI function codes and its descriptions that are used in this document.
Function number

Description

ANSI 50
ANSI 51
ANSI 50N
ANSI 51N
ANSI 67
ANSI 67N
ANSI 59
ANSI 59N
ANSI 27
ANSI 81H
ANSI 81L

Phase overcurrent protection

Time phase overcurrent protection
Earth fault protection
Time earth fault protection
Directional phase overcurrent protection
Directional earth fault protection
Phase to phase overvoltage protection
Neutral voltage displacement
Phase to phase undervoltage protection
Overfrequency protection
Underfrequency protection

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Addresses of the Digital Signals and the Measurements

All signals and measurements provided by the RTU7 unit in the 3V3I configuration are described in the following table.

Measurements
Inputs
Address Description

Range

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

I1
I2
I3
I - average I1, I2, I3
3I0 (filtered)
Vf1
Vf2
Vf3
Vf - average Vf1, Vf2, Vf3
V0 (filtered)
V12
V23
V31
VS average V12 ,V23 ,V31
P
Q
S
cos

0 to IMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to VMAX
0 to 3 * IMAX * VMAX
0 to 3 * IMAX * VMAX
0 to 3 * IMAX * VMAX
0 to 1

20
21
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128

cos 0
Frequency
Maximum processor utilization since last reset (0 to 100%)
Actual processor utilization in the last second (0 to 100%)
Accumulator capacity
Accumulator voltage
Power supply voltage
External temperature
Internal temperature
Fault records number

0 to 1
0 to 100 Hz
0 to 100 %
0 to 100 %
0 to 100 %
0 to 30 V
0 to 60 V
0 to 130 C
0 to 130 C
0 to 32767

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Digital Signals
Inputs
Address Description
0 to 19
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139

Physical digital inputs

Change buffer overflow
Unit reset
Power supply failure
State of the cooling relay (0 when cooling is not enabled)
State of the heating relay (0 when heating is not enabled)
Accumulator charging failure
Reserve
Records error (wrong CRC of records or calibrations)
Reserve
Reserve
Protections group 2 error (wrong CRC of protections or calibrations)
Protections group 1 error (wrong CRC of protections or calibrations)
Error 1 = limited functionality , 0 = everything is OK
Error of the inputs/outputs parameters 1 error (wrong CRC), 0 = Parameters are OK
Error of the system parameters 1 = error (wrong CRC), 0 = Parameters are OK
Low accumulator 0 = accumulator capacity is OK, 1 = accumulator capacity is low
Copy of the DI1
Copy of the DI0
Protections error 1 = protections are disabled (wrong CRC of protections or calibrations)
Time source 0 = control system, 1 = device on the bus, 2 = external source
Modem reset
Power supply lost
Automatic power off in 60 seconds
Disabled open by any protection
st
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 1 group
nd
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 2 group
rd
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 3 group
th
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 4 group
th
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 5 group
th
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 6 group
th
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 7 group
th
Disabled open by general overcurrent protection 8 group
st
Disabled open by overvoltage protection 1 group
nd
Disabled open by overvoltage protection 2 group
rd
Disabled open by overvoltage protection 3 group
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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269

st

Disabled open by undervoltage protection 1 group

nd
Disabled open by undervoltage protection 2 group
st
Disabled open by overfrequency protection 1 group
nd
Disabled open by overfrequency protection 2 group
st
Disabled open by underfrequency protection 1 group
nd
Disabled open by underfrequency protection 2 group
Disabled signalling of voltage unbalance
Disabled open by voltage unbalance protection
Disabled signalling of current unbalance
Disabled open by current unbalance protection
Disabled open by earth fault protection
Disabled open after unsuccessful reclosing
Disabled close by automatic reclosing (AR)
st
nd
AR status: 0 = off, 1 = fast (1 cycle enabled, 2 cycle disabled),
st
nd
st
nd
2 = slow (1 cycle enabled, 2 cycle enabled), 3 = fast + slow (1 and 2 cycles enabled)
AR disabled (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
AR fast (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
AR slow (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
AR fast + slow (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
Simulations enabled
Manual accumulator test
Remote clear of the front panel (on the RTU7K unit)
nd
2 protection group selected
Erase all fault records stored in the unit
Manual record start
Signal without meaning can be used for test purposes
st
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 1 group
st
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 1 group
st
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 1 group
st
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 1 group
st
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 1 group
st
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 1 group
st
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 1 group
st
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 1 group
st
Close by general overcurrent protection 1 group (010)
nd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 2 group
nd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 2 group
nd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 2 group
nd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 2 group
nd
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 2 group
10

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309

nd

Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 2 group

nd
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 2 group
nd
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 2 group
nd
Close by general overcurrent protection 2 group (010)
rd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 3 group
rd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 3 group
rd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 3 group
rd
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 3 group
rd
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 3 group
rd
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 3 group
rd
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 3 group
rd
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 3 group
rd
Close by general overcurrent protection 3 group (010)
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 4 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 4 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 4 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 4 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 4 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 4 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 4 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 4 group
th
Close by general overcurrent protection 4 group (010)
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 5 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 5 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 5 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 5 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 5 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 5 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 5 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 5 group
th
Close by general overcurrent protection 5 group (010)
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 6 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 6 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 6 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 6 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 6 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 6 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 6 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 6 group
th
Close by general overcurrent protection 6 group (010)
11

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349

th

Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 7 group

th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 7 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 7 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 7 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 7 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 7 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 7 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 7 group
th
Close by general overcurrent protection 7 group (010)
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I1 8 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I2 8 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection I3 8 group
th
Pickup of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 8 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I1 8 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I2 8 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection I3 8 group
th
Trip of general overcurrent protection (I0 or I1 or I2 or I3) 8 group
th
Close by general overcurrent protection 8 group (010)
st
Pickup of overvoltage protection 1 group
st
Trip of overvoltage protection 1 group
st
Open by overvoltage protection 1 group (010)
nd
Pickup of overvoltage protection 2 group
nd
Trip of overvoltage protection 2 group
nd
Open by overvoltage protection 2 group (010)
rd
Pickup of overvoltage protection 3 group
rd
Trip of overvoltage protection 3 group
rd
Open by overvoltage protection 3 group (010)
st
Pickup of undervoltage protection 1 group
st
Trip of undervoltage protection 1 group
st
Open by undervoltage protection 1 group (010)
nd
Pickup of undervoltage protection 2 group
nd
Trip of undervoltage protection 2 group
nd
Open by undervoltage protection 2 group (010)
st
Pickup of overfrequency protection 1 group
st
Trip of overfrequency protection 1 group
st
Open by overfrequency protection 1 group (010)
nd
Pickup of overfrequency protection 2 group
nd
Trip of overfrequency protection 2 group
nd
Open by overfrequency protection 2 group (010)
st
Pickup of underfrequency protection 1 group
12

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368

st

Trip of underfrequency protection 1 group

st
Open by underfrequency protection 1 group (010)
nd
Pickup of underfrequency protection 2 group
nd
Trip of underfrequency protection 2 group
nd
Open by underfrequency protection 2 group (010)
Pickup of voltage unbalance
Trip of voltage unbalance
Open by voltage unbalance (010)
Pickup current unbalance
Trip current unbalance
Open by current unbalance (010)
Pickup of earth fault protection
Trip of earth fault protection
Open by earth fault protection (010)
Open after unsuccessful automatic reclosing (010)
Close by automatic reclosing (010)
Voltage B
Fault records buffer overrun
Simulation in progress (some input can be in the simulated state)

Outputs
Address Description
0 to 19
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143

Relay 0 to 19
Disable open by any protection
st
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 1 group
nd
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 2 group
rd
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 3 group
th
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 4 group
th
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 5 group
th
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 6 group
th
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 7 group
th
Disable open by general overcurrent protection 8 group
st
Disable open by overvoltage protection 1 group
nd
Disable open by overvoltage protection 2 group
rd
Disable open by overvoltage protection 3 group
st
Disable open by undervoltage protection 1 group
nd
Disable open by undervoltage protection 2 group
st
Disable open by overfrequency protection 1 group
nd
Disable open by overfrequency protection 2 group
13

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
255

st

Disable open by underfrequency protection 1 group

nd
Disable open by underfrequency protection 2 group
Disable signalling of voltage unbalance
Disable open by voltage unbalance protection
Disable signalling of current unbalance
Disable open by current unbalance protection
Disable open by earth fault protection
Disable open after unsuccessful reclosing
Disable close by automatic reclosing (AR)
st
nd
Set AR: 0 = off, 1 = fast (1 cycle enabled, 2 cycle disabled),
st
nd
st
nd
2 = slow (1 cycle enabled, 2 cycle enabled), 3 = fast + slow (1 and 2 cycles enabled)
Disable AR (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
Set fast AR (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
Set slow AR (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
Set fast + slow AR (controlling by signals has to be enabled in the parameters of the AR)
Enable simulations
Start manual accumulator test
Clear the front panel (on the RTU7K unit)
Select protection group
Erase all fault records stored in the unit
Manual record start
Signal without meaning can be used for test purposes

14

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Protections
Protections are processed every 10 milliseconds (except impulse earth protection and current and voltage unbalance) after the
effective values are calculated. The effective values of 3I0 and V0 are calculated from the fundamental frequency. Frequency
protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Frequency protection uses the average value of the last 100 milliseconds. Impulse
earth protection is processed every 1 millisecond. Fault recording records 1 millisecond averages. Current unbalance is processed at
the beginning of every second.
Description of particular protections and its parameters follows.

Parameterization
Parameterization of the RTU7 unit is carried out in the RTU User Center application. This document describes parameterization of
the AAPM block (protection 3V3I version 112.02). Common parameters are shown in the following figure.

15

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Common parameters
Description
Common parameters contain a set of parameters that are used across many particular protections.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Channel
Conversion
Values conversion

YES/NO
0, 1

Enables/disables protection functions.

st
nd
0 = 1 protection block, 1 = 2 protection block (typically backup).

YES/NO

Enables/disabled conversion of analogue values according to the ranges

in the RTU User Center application.
Range of the voltage (depends on used input module and sensor).
Unit of the voltage.
Range of the current (depends on used input module and sensor).
Unit of the current.
Range of the conductance.
Unit of the conductance.

Voltage range
Voltage unit
Current range
Current unit
Conductance range
Conductance unit
Circuit Breaker
Address of circuit breaker status
signal

VMAX
V, kV,
IMAX
mA, V,
IMAX / VMAX
uS, mS,

Address of circuit breaker open relay

0 to 19, none

Duration of open relay activation

0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to 19, none

Address of circuit breaker close relay

Duration of close relay activation
Address of circuit breaker aux. open
relay

Address of circuit breaker aux. close

relay

0 to 19

0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to 19, none

0 to 19, none

The address of digital inputs to which the circuit breaker is connected.

This digital input has to be set as double point. The first input of the
double point input signals that the circuit breaker is open. The second
input signals that the circuit breaker is closed.
It defines the address of relay that is used for opening circuit breaker
(none = Open by protection is disabled).
It defines the time interval how long the open relay is connected in the
case of opening.
It defines the address of relay that is used for closing circuit breaker
(none = Close by protection is disabled).
It defines the time interval how long the close relay is connected in the
case of closing.
It defines the address of relay that is used together with the open relay.
The one and half (this address is equal with the Address of circuit
breaker aux. close relay) or two pole control can be enabled by defining
this relay.
It defines the address of relay that is used together with the close relay.
The one and half (this address is equal with the Address of circuit
breaker aux. open relay) or two pole control can be enabled by defining
this relay.

16

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

General Overcurrent Protection

ANSI 50, 51, 67, 50N, 51N, 67N
Description
General overcurrent protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Eight independent protection groups are available. Each group
has its own parameters and signals. General overcurrent protection can work according to ANSI 50, 51, 67, 50N, 51N, 67N from the
standard IEC 60255-151:2009. The dropout value equals 97% of the Current limit IS.
The fault direction is determined by the polarity of active power in fault phase for phase protection or by the polarity of active
power P0 for earth fault protection. Active power is calculated from the fundamental frequency. Voltage memory is used when the
measured voltage during the fault is too small (less than 20% of its range). The voltage memory capacity is one second. The fault is
in the forward direction when the active power is positive. The fault is in the backward direction when the active power is
negative or zero.
After the circuit breaker is closed the second, typically greater, limit of the current Raised current threshold after close is used. The
second limit is valid only for a finite time that is set by the parameter Raised threshold duration. The circuit breaker close status is
determined from the circuit breaker status signal. The remote close command is also considered as a circuit breaker close status.
The second current limit is enabled only if the values of all the three line to line voltages are greater than Voltage to allow raised
threshold.
The protection works with filtered value of I0 if the parameter Protection type is set to Earth. Pickup is set when V0 is greater than
Lower threshold of voltage V0 and I0 is greater than IS. Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by selected time
characteristics. Pickup and trip are cleared when IX is less than 97% IS and V0 is less than 97% of Lower threshold of voltage V0 for
the time given by selected time characteristics.
The protection works with phase values I 1, I2, I3 if the parameter Protection type is set to Phase. The filtration of values is enabled by
the parameter Filter. The pickup is set when IX is greater than IS. The trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by selected
time characteristics. The pickup and trip are cleared when IX is less than 97% IS for the time given by selected time characteristics.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.

17

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Time characteristics are as follows.

Characteristics Pickup time

A
B
C
D
E
F

k [s]
0.14
13.5
50
0.0515
19.61
28.2

Dropout time

c [s]
0
0
0
0.114
0.491
0.121

0.02
1
2
0.02
2
2

tr
4.85
21.6
29.1
4.85
21.6
29.1

Characteristics name

2
2
2
2
2
2

Standard inverse
Very inverse
Extremely inverse
IEEE moderately inverse
IEEE very inverse
IEEE extremely inverse

Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Current limit IS
Min. duration of threshold break
Time multiplier
Raised current threshold after close
Raised threshold duration
Voltage to allow raised threshold
Lower threshold of voltage V0
Time reset

Protection directivity

Characteristic

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to IMAX
0 to 655.35 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to 2
Step 0.01
0 to IMAX

Pickup current limit IS that is used for calculation of the pickup time.
The parameter for non-directional characteristics. The trip is set after the
pickup is set for the time defined by this parameter.
This parameter defines time multiplier TMS for time dependent
characteristics.
Typically raised current limit that is used instead of the I S after the circuit
breaker close.
This parameter defines the time for which the raised limit is valid.

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to VMAX

The raised limit is valid only in case that all line to line voltages are
greater than this parameter.
0 to VMAX
This parameter is used for earth fault protection. The earth fault
protection is enabled when V0 is grater then value of this parameter.
0 to 2.55 s
The parameter for non-directional characteristics. The pickup and trip is
Step 0.01 s
cleared when the current is less than 97% of IS for the time defined by
this parameter.
Non-directional Directionality of the protection is selected by this parameter. The
Forward
protection can work as non-directional (works in both directions), or it
Backward
can works in the forward direction (active power is positive), or it can
works in the backward direction (active power is negative or zero).
Time
This parameter is used to select time characteristic for this protection.
independent
Time independent and six standardized characteristics (see table above)
A to F
are configurable.
18

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Filter
Filter

Automatics
Open by protection
Number of reclosing after overcurrent
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay
Evaluate Inputs
Protection type

YES/NO

The protection process filtered values of current when this parameter is

to YES. Otherwise it process unfiltered values. The earth protection
works with filtered value I0 always.

YES/NO
0 to 5

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

This parameter defines maximum number of automatic reclosing.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

Phase
Earth

The protection uses phase values I1, I2, and I3 when the value of this
parameter is Phase, of it uses I0 (earth fault protection) when the value
of this parameter is Earth.

19

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Overvoltage Protection
ANSI 59, 59N
Description
Overvoltage protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Effective values of phases, line to line, or V 0 voltages (it depends on the
value of parameter Evaluated inputs) are compared with Voltage limit. Pickup is set if compared voltage is greater than Voltage
limit. Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by the parameter Min. duration of threshold break. Pickup and trip are
cleared when compared voltage is less than Lower voltage limit (its value is typically about 95% of the Voltage limit). Two
independent protection groups with its own parameters and signals are available.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage limit
Min. duration of threshold break
Lower voltage limit
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay
Evaluated Inputs
Evaluated inputs

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX
0 to 655.35 s
Step 0,01 s
0 to VMAX

Pickup is set when compared voltage is greater than this value.

Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by this parameter.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

V1/V2/V3
V1, V2, V3
V12, V23, V31
V0

Processed inputs are selected by this parameter.

Pickup and trip are cleared when compared voltage is less than this
value.

20

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Undervoltage Protection
ANSI 27
Description
Undervoltage protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Effective values of phases, line to line, or V 0 voltages (it depends on the
value of parameter Evaluated inputs) are compared with Voltage limit. Pickup is set if compared voltage is less than Voltage limit.
Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by the parameter Min. duration of threshold break. Pickup and trip are cleared
when compared voltage is greater than Upper voltage limit (its value is typically about 105% of the Voltage limit). The processing of
this protection is disabled and all signals are cleared when all phase currents are less than Limit of minimal current. Two
independent protection groups with its own parameters and signals are available.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage limit
Min. duration of threshold break
Upper voltage limit
Limit of minimal current
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay
Evaluated Inputs
Evaluated inputs

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX

Pickup is set when compared voltage is less than this value and any
phase current is greater than Limit of minimal current.
Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by this parameter.

0 to 655.35 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to VMAX
0 to IMAX

Pickup and trip are cleared when compared voltage is greater than this
value.
Phase current above this limit enables this protection.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

V1/V2/V3
V1, V2, V3
V12, V23, V31

Processed inputs are selected by this parameter.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Overfrequency Protection
ANSI 81H
Description
Overfrequency protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Pickup is set if measured frequency is greater than Frequency limit
and voltage of all three line to line voltages is greater than Phase to phase voltage limit. Trip is set when the pickup is set for the
time given by the parameter Min. duration of threshold break. Pickup and trip are cleared when the frequency is less than Lower
limit of frequency (its value is typically about 95% of the Frequency limit) or any of line to line voltage is less than Phase to phase
voltage limit. Two independent protection groups with its own parameters and signals are available.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Frequency limit

Min. duration of threshold break

Lower limit of frequency
Phase to phase voltage limit
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to 100 Hz
Step 0.003 Hz

Pickup is set if measured frequency is greater than this parameter and

voltage of all three line to line voltages is greater than Phase to phase
voltage limit.
Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by this parameter.

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to 100 Hz
Step 0.003 Hz
0 to VMAX

Pickup and trip are cleared if the frequency is less than this parameter.
Any phase to phase voltage under this limit disables this protection.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Underfrequency Protection
ANSI 81L
Description
Underfrequency protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Pickup is set if measured frequency is less than Frequency limit and
voltage of all three line to line voltages is greater than Phase to phase voltage limit. Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time
given by the parameter Min. duration of threshold break. Pickup and trip are cleared when the frequency is greater than Upper
limit of frequency (its value is typically about 105% of the Frequency limit) or any of line to line voltage is less than Phase to phase
voltage limit. Two independent protection groups with its own parameters and signals are available.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Frequency limit

Min. duration of threshold break

Upper limit of frequency
Phase to phase voltage limit
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to 100 Hz
Step 0.003 Hz

Pickup is set if measured frequency is less than this parameter and

voltage of all three line to line voltages is greater than Phase to phase
voltage limit.
Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by this parameter.

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to 100 Hz
Step 0.003 Hz
0 to VMAX

Pickup and trip are cleared if the frequency is greater than this
parameter.
Any phase to phase voltage under this limit disables this protection.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Earth Fault Protection

Earth fault protection contains several independent evaluation principles. The common parameters have to be set firstly then the
parameters of each principle have to be set. Following internal statues related to earth fault protection are used in this document:

ZS-I Trip of the impulse principle

ZS-K Trip of the conductance principle
ZS-R Trip of the connection of the resistor principle
ZS-W Trip of the wattmetrical principle
ZS-V0 V0 is greater than Lover threshold of voltage V0

Description
Pickup is set if any of the internal statuses ZS-I, ZS-K, ZS-R, ZS-W, ZS-V0 is set. Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by
the parameter Time before open. Pickup and trip are cleared when all internal statuses are clear for the time given by parameter
the Prolongation of earth fault signalling. Pickup and trip are cleared also when all internal statuses are clear and the circuit
breaker is opened.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Internal status ZS-V0 is set when V0 is greater of equal to Lover threshold of voltage V0. When V0 is less than Lover threshold of
voltage V0, internal status ZS-V0 is cleared.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Lover threshold of voltage V0
Automatics
Open by protection
Time before open
Number of reclosing after earth fault
Signalling
Prolongation of earth fault signalling

Address of trip signal relay

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX

Internal status ZS-V0 is set when V0 is greater of equal to this parameter.

This parameter is also used for clearing internal statuses.

YES/NO
0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to 5

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

Trip is set when the pickup is set for the time given by this parameter.

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s

Signalling of the trip and pick up is prolonged for the time given by this
parameter. Setting this parameter reduces possible flicking of the tri and
pickup.
This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines maximum number of automatic reclosing.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Impulse Protection
Description
Impulse earth protection is processed every 1 millisecond. For positive active power it is tested if (-i0 * v0) > 0 and absolute value of
v0 is greater than Voltage V0 threshold and absolute value of 3i0 is greater than Current 3I0 threshold. For negative active power it is
tested if (i0 * v0) > 0 and absolute value of v0 is greater than Voltage V0 threshold and absolute value of 3i0 is greater than Current
3I0 threshold. Internal status ZS-I is set when all three conditions mentioned above are true for the time given by the parameter
Time of check. Internal status ZS-I is cleared when any of conditions above is not true and V0 is less than Lover threshold of voltage
V0 from common parameters. The direction of the active power is evaluated every 1 second. Active power is considered as positive
if its value is greater than 0.4% of its range. Active power is considered as negative if its value is less than -0.4% of its range. If the
value of active power is between -0.4% and 0.4%, the sign of the active power remains unchanged.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage V0 threshold
Current 3I0 threshold
Time of check

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to 255 ms
Step 1 ms

V0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-I.

3I0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-I.
Internal status ZS-I is set if all conditions are true for the time given by
this parameter.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Conductance Protection
Description
Conductance earth protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Internal status ZS-K is set when V0 > Voltage V0 threshold and 3I0
* cos(0) / V0 > Conductance threshold for the time given by the parameter Time of check. Internal status ZS-K is cleared when any
of conditions above is not true and V0 is less than Lover threshold of voltage V0 from common parameters.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage V0 threshold
Conductance threshold
Time of check

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX
0 to IMAX / VMAX
0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s

V0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-K.

Conductance must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-K.
Internal status ZS-K is set if all conditions are true for the time given by
this parameter.

Wattmetrical Protection
Description
Wattmetrical earth protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. Internal status ZS-W is set when |0| < Phase shift 0 threshold
and V0 > Voltage V0 threshold and 3I0 > Current 3I0 threshold for the time given by the parameter Time of check. Internal status ZSW is cleared when any of conditions above is not true and V 0 is less than Lover threshold of voltage V0 from common parameters.
0 is measured between -i0 and v0 if active power P0 is positive. If active power P0 is negative, 0 is measured between i0 and v0. The
direction of the active power P0 is evaluated every 1 second. Active power is considered as positive if its value is greater than 0.4%
of its range. Active power is considered as negative if its value is less than -0.4% of its range. If the value of active power is between 0.4% and 0.4%, the sign of the active power remains unchanged.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage V0 threshold
Current 3I0 threshold
Phase shift 0 threshold
Time of check

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to 180

V0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-W.

3I0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-W.

0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s

|0| must be less than this parameter in order to set ZS-W.

Internal status ZS-W is set if all conditions are true for the time given by
this parameter.

26

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Earth Fault Protection Connection of the Resistor

Description
This protection is processed every 10 milliseconds. When V0 is greater than Voltage V0 threshold and 3I0 is greater than Current 3I0
threshold, the average 3I01 of 3I0 from Time to subst. gnd. resistor connection to Time to subst. gnd. resistor connection is
calculated. After Time to subst. gnd. resistor connection elapses, the average 3I02 of 3I0 from Duration of gnd. resistor connection
to Duration of gnd. resistor connection is calculated. Internal status ZS-R is set if 3I02 >= (3I01 + 3I0 rise after gnd. resistor
connection). Internal status ZS-R is cleared when any of conditions above is not true and V 0 is less than Lover threshold of voltage
V0 from common parameters.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Voltage V0 threshold
Current 3I0 threshold
Time to subst. gnd. resistor connection
Duration of gnd. resistor connection
3I0 rise after gnd. resistor connection

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to VMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s
0 to IMAX

V0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-R.

3I0 must be greater than this parameter in order to set ZS-R.
This parameter indicates when the resistor is connected.
This parameter indicates for how long the resistor is connected.
This parameter determines the minimal raise of 3I0 after the resistor is
connected.

27

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Voltage Unbalance Protection

Description
Voltage unbalance is processed every 100 milliseconds. Pickup is set if (100 * (VMAX - VMIN) / VMAX) > Unbalance threshold and
VMAX > VMAX threshold, where VMIN is minimal value of line to line of phase voltage and VMAX is maximum value of line to line of phase
voltage. Trip is set when pick up is set for the time given by the Time of threshold. Pickup is cleared when any of conditions above is
not true. Trip is cleared when the pickup is not set for the time Time of threshold.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
The principle of the voltage unbalance function is shown in the following figures.

28

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Unbalance threshold
Time of threshold
VMAX threshold
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay
Evaluated Inputs
Evaluate from voltage

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to 100 %
Step 1 %
0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to VMAX

This parameter defines unbalance threshold for the following equation:

(100 * (VMAX - VMIN) / VMAX) > Unbalance threshold
Trip is set when pick up is set for the time given by the Time of
threshold.
The voltage unbalance protection is enabled when VMAX is greater than
this parameter.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.

Phase
Line to line

Processed inputs are selected by this parameter.

Current Unbalance Protection

Description
Current unbalance is processed every 100 milliseconds. Current unbalance is blocked when trip of overcurrent protection is set.
Additionally current unbalance can be blocked when trip of earth fault protection is set. Blocking by earth fault protection trip has to
be enabled by parameter Blocking by signal of earth fault protection.
Pickup is set when one of following condition is true:
If IMAX is between Lower threshold of current IMAX and Upper threshold of current IMAX, the following condition is evaluated:
(100 * (IMAX - IMIN) / IMAX) > Unbalance threshold + ((100 - Unbalance threshold) * (Upper threshold of current IMAX - Imax)) / (Upper
threshold of current IMAX - Lower threshold of current IMAX))).
If IMAX is greater or equal to Upper threshold of current IMAX, the following condition is evaluated:
(100 * (IMAX - IMIN) / IMAX) > Unbalance threshold.
IMIN is minimal value of the current and IMAX is maximum value of the current. The value of the current is averaged over 100
milliseconds for current unbalance protection. The equations showed above are expressed in the following figure.

29

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Pickup of current unbalance is set when current unbalance ratio is over red line in the figure (the hatched area). Trip is set when pick
up is set for the time given by the Min. duration of threshold break. Pickup is cleared when condition above is not true. Trip is
cleared when the pickup is not set for the time Min. duration of threshold break.
The protection opens the circuit breaker, when the trip is set. The open control of the circuit breaker is enabled if the value of the
parameter Open by protection is YES and the signals blocking open function are set to 0.
The trip can also be signalled by the relay output (see chapter Signalling by the Relay OutputSignalling by the Relay OutputSignalling
by the Relay Output). The address of the signal relay is defined by the parameter Address of trip signal relay.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Upper threshold of current IMAX
Lower threshold of current IMAX
Unbalance threshold

YES/NO

Enables/disables this protection.

0 to IMAX
0 to IMAX
0 to 100 %
Step 1 %

Upper threshold of current IMAX for current unbalance equation.

Lower threshold of current IMAX for current unbalance equation.
This parameter defines unbalance threshold for the following equation:
For Lower threshold of current IMAX IMAX Lower threshold of current
IMAX: (100 * (IMAX - IMIN)/IMAX) > Unbalance threshold + ((100 - Unbalance
threshold) * (Upper threshold of current IMAX - Imax)) / (Upper
threshold of current IMAX - Lower threshold of current IMAX))).
For IMAX Upper threshold of current IMAX:
(100 * (IMAX IMIN) / IMAX) > Unbalance threshold.

Min. duration of threshold break

Blocking by signal of earth fault
protection
Automatics
Open by protection
Signalling
Address of trip signal relay

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
YES/NO

Trip is cleared when the pickup is not set for the time defined by this
parameter.
Enables/disables current unbalance blocking if earth fault protection trip
is set.

YES/NO

Enables/disables opening by this protection.

0 to 19, none

This parameter defines the address of the relay for signalling of trip.
30

Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Automatics
The RTU7 unit provides two automatic functions: Automatic open after unsuccessful reclosing and automatic reclosing. Their
description follows.

Automatic Open after Unsuccessful Reclosing

Description
Automatic open after an unsuccessful reclosing is processed every 10 milliseconds. The automatic is waiting for an open after the
trip of the overcurrent/short circuit or earth fault protection occurs. The lines is considered as switched off if all currents are less
than Dead line current threshold and all line to line voltages are less than Dead line voltage threshold for at least 40 milliseconds.
After that the automatic waits for the second trip. The lines have to be switched off after the second trip for at least Min. duration
of dead line. Otherwise the automatic do not open the circuit breaker.
The time between the first trip and the opening by the automatic has to be less than Max. time to open by short circuit or Max.
time to open by earth fault when the first trip was caused by the short circuit/overcurrent or by the earth fault, respectively. After
this time elapses a next trip is considered as the first one.
The open of the circuit breaker is enabled when the parameter Open after short circuit or Open after earth fault is YES if the circuit
was open by the short circuit/overcurrent or by the earth fault, respectively. The both parameters have to be set to YES if the first
open was caused by other source than the second one.
Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Dead line voltage threshold

YES/NO

Enables/disables this automatic.

0 to VMAX

The line is considered as switched off if all line to line voltages are less
than this parameter.
The line is considered as switched off if all phase voltages are less than
this parameter.

Dead line current threshold

0 to IMAX

Automatics
Open after short circuit

YES/NO

Open after earth fault

Max. time to open by short circuit

YES/NO
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s

Max. time to open by earth fault

0 to 255 s
Step 1 s

Min. duration of dead line

0 to 2.55 s
Step 0.01 s

Enables/disables opening by this automatic after the short

circuit/overcurrent.
Enables/disables opening by this automatic after the earth fault.
The maximum time between the first trip by the short
circuit/overcurrent and the opening by the automatic. The current cycle
of the automatic is finished after this time elapses.
The maximum time between the first trip by the earth fault and the
opening by the automatic. The current cycle of the automatic is finished
after this time elapses.
The circuit is opened after this time.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Automatic Reclosing
Description
Automatic reclosing (AR) is processed every 10 milliseconds. When the overcurrent/short circuit or earth fault protection opens, the
th
automatic reclosing tries to close after the time defined by the parameter Time to x reclosing. The parameters set of each
protection contains the parameter which defines maximum number of the AR cycles (0 disables AR) after open by the protection.
When the maximum number of the AR cycles is reached, no additional AR is performed and line stays off. The automatic reclosing is
to be enabled by the parameter Enabled and by the signal.
The reclosing mode is selected by the parameter Reclosing mode. Description of three available modes follows.
1.

2.

3.

Standard
In this mode any of protection can open the switch gear. It is not important which protection caused open. The maximum
number of the AR cycles is given by the minimum of maximum numbers of the AR cycles of all protections that caused open.
Fast+slow
st
nd
Only two cycles (fast 1 time and slow 2 time) are used in this mode. The VDOs/VDIs are used for selection of used
cycles. It is not important which protection caused open.
Fast+slow limited
st
Only two cycles (fast and slow) are used in this mode. The fast (1 time) cycle is used for the earth protection and the slow
nd
(2 time) cycle is used for all protections. The VDOs/VDIs are used for selection of used cycles.

The current reclosing cycle is cancelled by manual or remote control of the switch gear. The automatic reclosing is disabled after its
cancellation (manual or remote control of the switch gear) for the time given by the parameter Reclos. blockade duration after
close by op. Running reclosing cycle is cancelled also if the switch gear is closed for the time given by the parameter Time for
cancellation of running reclosing. The automatic reclosing closes the switch gear if only the current switch gear status is open or
indefinite and the value of current in all three phases is less than Dead line current threshold. Otherwise the current reclosing cycle
is cancelled. The time between the open and the close is given by the parameters Time to first reclosing to Next cycle of reclosing.
It is possible to define up to six different times that typically extend. The Time to first reclosing is used for the first reclosing cycle,
the Time to second reclosing is used for the second reclosing cycle, and so on.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Parameters
Main Parameters
Enabled
Limits
Dead line current threshold
Automatics
Time to first reclosing
Time to second reclosing
Time to third reclosing
Time to fourth reclosing
Time to fifth reclosing
Next cycle of reclosing
Reclos. blockade duration after close
by op
Time for cancellation of running
reclosing
Reclosing mode

YES/NO

Enables/disables this automatic.

0 to IMAX

The line is considered switched off if all phase currents are less than this
parameter.

0 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
0 to 255 s
Step 1 s
Standard
Fast+slow
Fast+slow
limited

The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the first cycle.
The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the second
cycle.
The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the third
cycle.
The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the fourth
cycle.
The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the fifth cycle.
The time between the open and the automatic reclose for the sixth and
next cycle.
The automatic reclosing is disabled after its cancellation (due to the
remote or manual control) for the time given by this parameter.
Running reclosing cycle is cancelled if the switch gear is closed for the
time given by this parameter.
Standard the maximum number of automatic reclosing cycles is given
by the parameter in each protection.
st
nd
Fast+slow two cycles (fast 1 time and slow 2 time) are used. The
VDOs/VDIs are used for selection of used cycles.
st
nd
Fast+slow limited two cycles (fast 1 time and slow 2 time) are
nd
used. The fast cycle is used for the earth protection and the slow (2
time) cycle is used for all protections. The VDOs/VDIs are used for
selection of used cycles

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Fault Records
Common Settings
Description
Six analogue channels (v1, v2, v3, i1, i2, i3) and sixteen digital channels (its source is selectable by the parameter Source) are recorded
every 1 millisecond. The records are saved to the mass memory when the digital channel, whose parameter Record starting is set to
YES, changes its state from 0 to 1. The length of the record is between the Min. total record duration and the Max. total duration of
one record. The record is recorded if its length is less than Max. total duration of one record and at least one digital channel, whose
parameter Record holding is set to YES, has state 1. A record can be started by the ON remote control of the special signal also. The
record started this way has length approximately 150 milliseconds. All records can be deleted by the ON remote control of the
special signal.
Records are transmitted to the control system automatically (has to be enabled by the parameter Automatic transfer of records) or
on the user request. If the parameter Delete record after transfer is set to YES, the successfully transmitted record is deleted from
the memory. This parameter should have value NO if the parameter Circular rewriting has value YES.
The parameter Circular rewriting enables circular rewriting of the oldest records if there is no free space for a newer one.
Parameters
Main parameters
Enabled
Channel
Station name
Fault Records Settings
Min. total record duration

YES/NO
0
text

Enables/disables creation of the fault records.

Channel of the fault recorder (only 0 is allowed).
Name of the station with length up to 64 characters.
Determines minimal length of one record.

Automatic transfer of records

0.2 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
0.2 to 25.5 s
Step 0.1 s
YES/NO

Circular rewriting
Delete record after transfer

YES/NO
YES/NO

Max. total duration of one record

Voltage Conversion
Primary range
Secondary range
Unit
Current Conversion
Primary range
Secondary range
Unit

Determines maximum length of one record.

Enables/disables automatic transmission of the record to the control
system.
Enables/disables circular rewriting of the records.
Enables/disables automatic deletion of the record after its transfer to the
control system.

V, kV,

Primary range of the voltage (depends on used input module and sensor).
Secondary range of the voltage (depends on used input module).
Unit of the voltage.

mA, A,

Primary range of the voltage (depends on used input module and sensor).
Secondary range of the voltage (depends on used input module).
Unit of the current.

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Analogue Channels
Description
Fault record contains six analogue channels (i1, i2, i3, v1, v2, v3 in the REC format) or eight analogue channels (i1, i2, i3, i0, v1, v2, v3, v0 in
the COMTRADE format). The RTU Behaviour Viewer application supports both formats. In both cases are available all channels
because the application RTU Behaviour Viewer computes the missing channels.
The parameter Channel name is available and contains channel identifier of the channel for the COMTRADE format.
Parameters
Main parameters
Channel name

Text

Analogue channel identifier with length up to 30 characters.

Digital Channels
Description
Fault record contains sixteen digital channels. The source of all channels is selectable by the parameter Source. The source can be a
digital input, output, internal status, etc. State of the channel is the same as the state of its source if the parameter Negation has
value NO. Otherwise it has opposite value than its source. The digital channel starts a new record if its value changes from 0 to 1 and
its parameter Record starting is YES. The digital channel keeps recording in progress to the maximum length of the record given by
the parameter Max. total duration of one record if its value is 1 and its parameter Record holding is YES.
The parameter Channel name is available and contains channel identifier of the channel for the COMTRADE format.
Parameters
Main parameters
Channel name
Fault Records Settings
Record starting
Record holding

text

Digital channel identifier with length up to 30 characters.

YES/NO
YES/NO

Enables/disables start of recording by the change of this channel to 1.

Enables/disables holding of the record to the Max. total duration of one
record if the value of this channel is 1.
Determines the source of the channel. The source can be a digital input,
output, internal status, etc.
Enables/disables negation of the channel.

Source

DI, VDI,

Negation

YES/NO

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Protections and Automatics 3V3I

Signalling
The signalling panel can be connected to the RTU7 unit. The meaning of each signalling LED is configurable in the expressions.
Internal statuses are available in the expressions and expose for example internal states of protections. Internal statuses can be
used as a source of digital channels in the fault records. A list of internal statuses follows.
Address Description
0
1
2
3
4

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

One second tick

HioCom2 communication status
Reserved
Supply voltage lost
Voltage A
DC power supply: active when DI02 is active
AC power supply: active when power supply voltage is grater then 23% of its range
Voltage B
Active when US >= 50 % of US range.
Flashing 1 Hz when US >= 5 % of US range. Otherwise it is inactive. US is the average of the line to line voltages V12, V13,
V23.
Breaker status (double bit)
Breaker status open
Breaker status close
Reclosing active
Reclosing finished
ZS-W
ZS-K
ZS-I
ZS-R
ZS-V0
Active power is less than zero (-P)
ZSW-0 (|0| < Phase shift 0 threshold)
Open after reclose
Reclosing close

36