Tenses

1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense
Tenses type is used to indicate a habit, facts and events that happen in the present
formula:
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example 1:
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday?
Yes He does / No He does not (doesnt)
For I, We, You, They = do
He, She, It = Does
example 2:
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) How playing football every morning?
b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
This tense is used to indicate events that occur now or in the future plans as well.
Because it can be used in the present and the future then often followed by an
adverb of time.
formula:

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + }

- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> }
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? }
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is
example:
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isnt playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.?
c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)
A tense is used to express the events that have started at some point and lasted
until now.
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
example:
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?
d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
This tense is used to form verbs which began in the past and continues.
formula:
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving
(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

example:
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(-) She hasnt been going to Malang since evening.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)
To show events in the past, with the help of an adverb of time such as yesterday,
last two days, last year and others.
formula:
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example 1:
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
example 2:
(+) He came here last month
(-) He came not last month
(?) Came He here last month?
b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)
This tense is used to declare that there are events that happened in the past and
have not been completed.
formula:
(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving
example:
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) They werent talking about sport when I met him
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him?
c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)
Tense is used to express the events that have occurred and been completed in the
past.
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3
example:
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadnt painted my motor cycle
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

To state that an action has been completed before another incident occurs
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
example:
(+) They had been living there for two month
(-) They hadnt been living there for two month
(?) Had they been living there for two month?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)
To declare future events, both planned (be going) or spontaneously (will)
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
eample:
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)
To state the events that will take place in the future
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
example:
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)
To declare that the incident would have been completed in the future
formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
example:
(+) I will have finished by 10am.
(-) We will not have left.
(?) Will you have arrived?
d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

To declare that an event has taken place in the future will

formula:
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
example:
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(-) I will havent been reading a news paper.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)
This tense is used to express Time Will Come In Time Past
formula:
Positif: S + would + V1
Negatif: S + would + not + V1
Tanya: Would + S + V1
example:
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(-) He wouldnt come if invited him.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)
This tense is used to express Time Will Is Happening At a time when Past
formula:
Positif: S + would + be + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving
example:
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shouldnt be swimming at this time the following day.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)
This tense is used to express possibility Will Time Completed In Time Past
formula:
Positif: S + would + have + V3
Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3
example:
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(-) He wouldnt have gone if he had met his darling
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)
This tense is used to express Time Already Underway In Time Past
formula:
Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving
Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving
example:
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Rianawati wouldnt have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?