Laboratory Guide for Teachers

Chapter

1.2

put the transparent basin on the OHP so that the whole

process is projected on the screen and the whole class is
able to see it.

Scientific Investigation

INQUIRY

Experiment

5.7

Warn students to be careful when handling boiling water.

Chapter

2.4

Body Coordination

INQUIRY

Experiment

4.8

5.11 UNGUIDED

4.15

INQUIRY

Chapter

5.5

Chapter

7.12

Experiment

Alcohol is highly inflammable.

The boiling point of alcohol is 78C whereas the boiling
point of water is 100C. So, alcohol will be distilled before
water.
Fill up the Liebig condenser with cool water by allowing
tap water to go in through the lower opening.

Experiment

Remove the thermometer as soon as the lead or lead(II)

bromide begins to melt.
Sulphur burns easily, so use a low flame.
Lead(II) bromide has a high melting point, therefore strong
heating is required.

INQUIRY

INQUIRY

8.5

Experiment

Coloured lights can be obtained by placing filters of the

respective colours in front of the light projector.

Chapter

When testing the reactivity of sodium and calcium with

water, do not hold the metals with bare hands. Use forceps.
Sodium reacts vigorously with water, so use only a small
grain (the size of a paddy seed) of sodium. You may

Experiment

Instead of powdered milk and water, sulphuric acid and

sodium thiosulphate solution or starch and boiling water
can be used for the activity.

Experiment

Experiment

Light, Colour and Sight

7.15 UNGUIDED

Energy and Chemical Changes

Experiment

The surfaces of the ring and the copper plate should be

cleaned with sandpaper to remove the layers of oxide on
them. To ensure that they are really clean, they should
also be immersed in nitric acid and then rinsed with
distilled water.

Matter and Substance

INQUIRY

INQUIRY

This activity should be carried out in the fume chamber

because the bromine gas produced is poisonous.
Lead(II) bromide needs to be heated strongly in order to
melt.

Chapter

Experiment

When testing the reactivity of a metal with oxygen,

remember to heat the metal strongly before heating
potassium manganate(VII). Most metals only react when
they are hot enough.

5.10

Do not allow students to tap the part below the kneecap

with any sharp objects.
Advise students not to tap too hard on the part below the
kneecap.

GUIDED

Chemicals in Industry

INQUIRY

Experiment

In order to obtain salts that do not contain any acids or

alkalis, the volume and molarity of the acids and the
ammonia solution must be accurate.

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