Name: muhama mark

Course: BScIT
Roll no: 1210000081
Subject code: BT0087
WML and WAP Programming
1. Explain the wireless application protocol (WAP) toolkit software. Also explain
the categories of WAP toolkit software.
WAP refers to a wireless Application protocol. This is a specification for a set
of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices can
be used for internet access

The WAP Toolkit simulates a generic WAP mobile phone (you can choose from two models),
later referred to as user agent. A WAP user agent is similar to a web browser with the distinction
that in the WAP environment Uniform Resources Locators (URLs) are requested is sent to a web
server via a WAP Gateway. The web server (also called an "origin server" because content
originates with it) contains WML and WML Script content.
Having received the request for this content, the web server sends it to the WAP Gateway,
which encodes it into binary form (to reduce its size). The WAP Gateway then transmits the
encoded content to the requesting mobile phone. The content received by the phone is optimized
for small displays.
WML is based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and was developed by the
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Forum for specifying content and the user interface for
narrow and devices such as mobile phones.
WML Script can be used to add client side procedural logic to WML cards and decks.
The language is based on ECMA Script, but has been modified to better support low band with
devices such as mobile phones. You can use WML Script along with WML to provide
intelligence to the client, or you can use it as a stand-alone tool.
The WAP toolkit provides tools for creating services on the WAP platform. It includes the
following components:
The WAP Toolkit application for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 95, and Windows 98, which
simulates the behavior of WML and WML script, allows you to create, edit and debug WML and
WML Script services.
The simulation client includes the following components:
WML Script interpreter and WML Script libraries
WAP phone simulations
WML and WML Script encoders Compiled
WML, WML Script, and WBMP editors
WAP Protocol Stack, HTTP and file access modules
Debugging views
WAP Server Simulator for devices that require a connection to a WAP Gateway
WAP Push Simulator. (Blueprint phone simulation only)

An installation utility and practical WML example applications and source code. You can use
these samples as a starting point for creating your own services.
XML library that you can use to construct valid WML documents for use by server-side
components, or for general use. The library only allows you to create valid content as validated
by the standard DTD for WML 1.1.
User documentation in Adobe PDF format, this guide, a Developer's Guide, and a Designer's
Guide.
The components of the WAP Toolkit software can be divided into three main categories
discussed below:
Phone simulations
The phone simulations are on-screen images of phones that have functional displays and keys for
navigating and entering data. There are two phone simulations: a simulation of the actual 7110
phone and a Java-based Blueprint phone simulation, which has no real-world counterpart.
Editors
The toolkit provides editors for convenience in developing WAP applications. There are four
editors a WML Deck editor, a WML Script editor, a Push Message editor, and a WBMP graphics
editor. The editor interface also provides an easy means to compile the textual source code into
binary data for display on the phone simulation.
Debugging aids
The Toolkit provides several tab views with in its main window. Some of these views are used
for editing, while others provide information for debugging. These latter views include the
history view, sessions view, and variables view.
2. Explain doctype declaration and line breaking in WML with Examples
Its a must the all WML documents to have DOCTYPE declarations. These doctype
declaration lie between the xml declaration and the <wml> element.
The doctype declaration specifies the name of the DTD (Document Type declaration)
and the uniform resource locator to the DTD. The DTD contains information about
the syntax of the markup language. It defines what elements and attributes can be
used in the markup and the rules that they should be used. For example, the DTD of
WML specifies that the <card> element should be enclosed in the <wml></wml>
tag pair. If you do not follow this rule, your WML document is said to be invalid. WAP
browsers will complain if you try to view an invalid WML document.
Below is an example of the doctype declaration
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC -//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN
http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd>

Line breaking in WML uses the tag <br/> similar to that in HTML. The line break is
used to write words or statements on the new line. An example is as follows.
Program implementing line breaks in wml
<?xml version =2.0?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC -//WAPFOURM//DTD WML 1.3//EN
http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd>
<wml>
<card id = card1 title=implementing line break
<p>
Sikkim <br/>Manipal <br/>University
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Below is the output of the line break
Implementing line break
Sikkim
Manipal
University