Feedback Week 7 Quiz: From intelligent machines to

the human brain

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Welcome to the quiz for week 5, on intelligent machines and the human brain. Good luck!

Question 1
What is an algorithm?
Your Answer

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Explanation

A complicated way of encoding basic instructions.

A groovy new kind of music.
Any mathematical function that is computable.
A set of instructions for solving a problem broken down into
simple steps.
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Question 2
What is a universal computing machine?
Your Answer
A computer that is the size of the universe.
An electronic calculator.

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Explanation

A computer that is optimised for use by anyone.

A machine that can carry out the same task as any other
computing machine, given sufficient time and space.
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Question 3
What features of a system does Marrs computational level of description pick out?
Your Answer

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Explanation

Any part of the system that might develop into an artificial

intelligence.
Any problems that occur whilst the system is running.
The problem that the system is designed to solve, i.e. its function
or job.
The set of instructions that the system uses in order to carry out
its job.
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Question 4
What features of a system does Marrs algorithmic level of description pick out?
Your Answer
Any noises that occur whilst the system is running.
A record of the instructions that the system has carried out so
far.
The problem that the system is designed to solve, i.e. its function
or job.

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Explanation

The set of instructions that the system uses in order to carry out
its job.

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Question 5
What features of a system does Marrs implementation level of description pick out?
Your Answer

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Explanation

The designer of the system, i.e. the one that has implemented it.
The actual physical structure of the system that allows it to carry
out its job.
An input into the system that starts it off, i.e. the instructions
given by a human operator.
Any physical aspect of the system that is irrelevant to how it
operates, i.e. the colour of its case.
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Question 6
What is unconscious inference?
Your Answer
The unconscious process of constructing hypotheses about the
distal causes of perceptual stimuli.
The unconscious process of memory consolidation that is
thought to happen whilst we dream.
The process of inferring that someone is unconscious rather

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Explanation

than simply asleep.

Any mental process that goes on whilst one is unconscious.
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Question 7
In Bayes theorem, what do the following sets of symbols represent? (Pick the three correct answers)
Your Answer

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P (H) = the probability of an event (H) occurring, prior to

receiving any data.

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P (H l D) = the probability (P) of an event (H) given the

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P (H l D) = the probability (P) of receiving the available data (D)

assuming that an event (H) has occurred.

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P (D l H) = the probability (P) of receiving the available data (D)

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Explanation

available data (D).

P (H) = the probability of an event (H) occurring, after receiving
any data.

assuming that an event (H) has occurred.

P (D l H) = the probability (P) of an event (H) given the
available data (D).
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Question 8
What is the McGurk effect, and what does it tell us about Bayesian inference?
Your Answer

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Explanation

An illusion where what we hear influences what we see, which

demonstrates how combining sensory modalities can influence our
hypotheses.
An effect where people are spontaneously able to speak a
foreign language, which demonstrates how little we understand
about prediction.
An illusion where what we are seeing influences what we hear,
which demonstrates how combining sensory modalities can
influence our hypotheses.
An illusion where what we are seeing influences what we hear,
which demonstrates how bad we are at making predictions.
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Question 9
When will our prior beliefs most influence our actions?
Your Answer

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In situations of low uncertainty, where we cannot rely heavily on

our prior beliefs.
When the same event is happening for the second or third time.
In situations of strong uncertainty, where we cannot rely heavily
on perceptual data.
When we are 100% confident that our prior beliefs are accurate.
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Question 10
In what sense can visual illusions be seen as cases of optimal perception?

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Explanation

Your Answer

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They present us with amusing experiences, and thus contribute

to our wellbeing.
This is a trick question: visual illusions are clearly a case of nonoptimal or erroneous perception.
They are the result of optimal predictions given the data
available, and based on prior assumptions based on the statistics of
the environment.
When professional magicians perform them.
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