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Chapter 1:
Conduction:
Heat Flux = q = - k T = - k {dT} over {dx} = - k {{T} rsub {2} - {T} rsub {1}} over {L}
Heat Rate =
q=q A
Convection:
Heat Flux = q = h left ({T} rsub {s} - {T} rsub {} right )
Heat Rate = q =
h A ( T sT )
Radiation:
Heat Flux =
q = {E} rsub {b} - G = {T} rsub {s} rsup {4} - {T} rsub {sur} rsup {4} = left ({T} rsub {s} rsup {4} - {T
= q =
= q =
hr ( T sT sur )
+ {q} rsub {rad} rsup {
q}conv
=h ( T sT ) + hr ( T sT sur )
Conservation of Energy:
Closed System:
total
QW = E stored
Control Volume (thermal and mechanical Energy):
E stored=E E out + Egenerated
q=mC
p ( T out T )
Constants and Units:
q= Heat Flux per unit time and Surface Area = W/m^2
q= Heat Flux per unit time and length = W/m
q= Heat Transfer Rate= W = J/s
k= Thermal Conductivity = (W/m)K
= Stefan-Boltzmann Constant= 5.67x10^-8 (W/m^2)*K^4
h= Convection Heat Transfer coefficient
hr
= Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient =
Chapter 2:
Heat Diffusion Equation Cartesian Coordinates:
Cylindrical Coordinates:
Spherical Coordinates:
If K is constant:
( )
Boundary Conditions:
I)
II)
III)
Constants:
Thermal Diffusivity =
T
=h [ T T ( 0, t ) ]
x x=0
k
C p
Chapter 3:
Temperature distribution:
I)
II)
Constant k: T(x) =
T s ,1
T(L)=
T s ,1 + ( T s ,2 T s ,1 )
T s ,2
x
L
Conductive Resistance:
RCond =
L
kA
II)
Convective Resistance:
III)
Radiative Resistance:
IV)
RRad =
Series: q =
II)
1
hA
RConv =
1
hrad A
r1
r 2 /
ln
Rt , cond=
T 1T 2 T 2T 3 T 3T 4 T
=
=
=
R1
R2
R3
R
Parallel: q =
1 1 1
+ +
R1 R2 R 3
Contact Resistance:
} = {{T} rsub {a} - {T} rsub {b}} over {q
Rt , c
Temperature Distribution Tube:
T s , 1T s ,2
r
ln
+T s ,2
r1
r2
T(r) =
ln ( )
r2
( )
Fins:
General Conduction Analysis:
d
d h
A
P=0
dx c dx k
Convection heat
Transfer
d
h ( L )=k x=L
dx
Adiabatic
( mkh )sinh m ( Lx )
h
cosh mL+ (
sinh mL
mk )
cosh m ( Lx )+
cosh m ( Lx )
cosh mL
qf
h
cosh mL
(
mk )
M
h
cosh mL+ (
sinh mL
mk )
sinh mL
M tanh mL
d
=0
dx x=L
C
Prescribed
Temperature
( L )= L
Where:
Infinite fin
L=
L
sinh mx+sinh m ( Lx )
b
( )
sinh mL
cosh mL
M
mx
=T T
b= ( 0 )=T bT
2
m=
hP
k Ac
M =b hPk A c
Fin Heat Transfer Rate (uniform Cross-sectional Area)
d
q f =qb =k A c x=0
dx
Case
Fin Effectiveness >2
f=
qf
qf
=
q w/ o h A C ,b ( T bT )
f=
Rt , f =
k P
h Ac
b
qf
R t , b=
b
h A c ,b ( T bT )
1
h A c ,b
Efficiency f =
*Adiabatic Uniform Cross Section
qf
h Af ( T b T )
Efficiencey f =
Where
Where
tanh m Lc
m Lc
sinh mL
L
b
Where
Where