Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic

Nouran M. Radwan

Neutrosophic
Neutro-sophy
From Latin "neuter" - neutral,
Greek "sophia" - skill/wisdom,
It means knowledge of neutral thought.
Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy
which studies the origin, nature, and scope of
neutralities, as well as their interactions with
different intellectual vision.
(Smarandache,1999)

Main Principles
Between an idea <A> and its opposite
<Anti-A>, there is a continuum-power
spectrum of neutralities <Neut-A>.
For example:
If <A> = white, then <Anti-A> = black
(antonym), but <Non-A> = green, red,
blue, black, etc. (any color, except white),
while <Neut-A> = green, red, blue, etc.
(any color, except white and black), and
<A'> = dark white, etc. (any shade of
white). (Smarandache,1999)

Neutrosophic Logic Or
Smarandache logic
Neutrosophic logic is an extension of the fuzzy
logic, intuitionistic logic, paraconsistent logic, and
the three-valued logics that use an indeterminate
value.
In neutrosophic logic, in an easy way, every logical
variable x is described by an ordered triple.
x= (t, i, f) where t is the degree of truth, f is the
degree of false and i is the level of indeterminacy.
(Ashbacher, 2002)

Neutrosophic Logic
The sets T, I, F are not necessarily intervals, but
may be any real sub-unitary subsets:
Discrete or continuous; single-element, finite, or
(countable or uncountable) infinite; union or
intersection of various subsets; etc.
They may also overlap. The real subsets could
represent the relative errors in determining t,i,f
(in the case when the subsets T, I, F are reduced
to points). Statically T, I, F are subsets.
(Ashbacher, 2002)

Neutrosophic Logic
For Example :
The proposition "Tomorrow it will be raining" does
not mean a fixed-valued components structure;
This proposition may be say 40% true, 50%
indeterminate, and 45% false at time t1; but at time
t2 may change at 50% true, 49% indeterminate, and
30% false (according with new evidences, sources,
etc.); and tomorrow at say time t145 the same
proposition may be 100%, 0% indeterminate, and 0%
false (if tomorrow it will indeed rain).
(Smarandache,2005)

Neutrosophic Logic
This is the dynamics:
the truth value changes from one time to another.
the truth value of a proposition may change from a
place to another place.
Also, the truth value depends/changes with respect
to the observer (subjectivity is another parameter
of the functions/operators T, I, F). For example:
John is smart can be (.35, .67, .60) according to
his boss, but (.80, .25, .10) according to himself, or
(.50, .20, .30) according to his secretary, etc.

Neutrosophic Logic
In neutrosophic logic the sum of
components is not necessarily 1 as in
classical and fuzzy logic,
but any number between 0 and 3+, and
this allows the neutrosophic logic to be
able to deal with paradoxes, propositions
which are true and false in the same
time:
thus NL(paradox)=(1, I, 1); fuzzy logic can
not do this because in fuzzy logic the sum
of components should be 1.
(Smarandache, 1999)

Neutrosophic Logic

Ahmed Salama

Neutrosophic Logic

Neutrosophic Logic

Neutrosophic Applications

Neutrosophic relational databases.

Neutrosophic image processing.
Neutrosophic linguistic variables.
Neutrosophic decision making and preference
structures.
Neutrosophic expert systems.
Neutrosophic reliability theory.
Neutrosophic soft computing techniques in ecommerce and e-learning. (Smarandache, 2005)

Why Neutrosophic Logic

In some real life problems in expert system,
belief system, information fusion and so on,
we must consider the truth-membership as
well as the falsity-membership for proper
description of an object in uncertain
environment.
Smarandache introduced the concept of
neutrosophic set which is a mathematical
tool for handling problems involving
imprecise, indeterminacy and inconsistent
data. (Smarandache, 2005)

Neutrosophic Inference System

(Reena Dhadich, 2013)

Neutrosophic Inference System

MATLAB doesnt provide
with the facility of
neutrosophication so in an
attempt to simulate it three
FIS have been designed
representing true,
indeterminate and false
value, which can be
executed independent of
each other.
(A.Q.Ansari, 2010 )

Neutrosophic Inference System

Table discusses the specifications of
neutrosophic classifier build using Fuzzy
toolbox of MATLAB 7.0.

References
Aggarwal, S., Biswas, R., & Ansari, A. Q. (2010).
Neutrosophic Modeling and Control. Computer and
Communication Technology, 718-723
Ashbacher, C. (2002). Introduction to Neutrosophic
logic. Infinite Study.
Smarandache, F. (1999). A Unifying Field in Logics:
Neutrosophic Logic.Philosophy, 1-141.
Salama, Ahmed , lecture Notes on Neutrosophic
Logic.

References
Wang, H., Smarandache, F., Sunderraman, R., &
Zhang, Y. Q. (2005). Interval Neutrosophic Sets and
Logic: Theory and Applications in Computing: Theory
and Applications in Computing (Vol. 5). Infinite Study.
Raeena, S., & Dhadich, R. (2013). Many valued logics
for modeling vagueness.International Journal of
Computer Applications, 61(7), 35-39.