Professional Documents
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Material Selection
2.1 SELECTION OF PAINT SYSTEM
Different types and grades of paint systems have varying application and performance properties. Figure 2.1
summarises the key considerations in determining the existing condition of coated surface as well as in selecting
the appropriate paint system.
Figure 2.1: Selection of Paint System
material selection
Install waterproofing, provide proper drainage of condensed water from air-conditioners, reduce
the density of foliage to reduce the occurrence of algae, etc.
The common types of substrates are concrete/ cement based, timber and metal
surfaces. Different substrates require different types of primer/sealer. For example,
external concrete wall surface will require the use of alkali resisting sealer whilst
ferrous metal surface will require corrosion inhibitive primer.
Conditions refer to the substrates profile, porosity, and existing conditions etc.
Refer to Tables 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 for details.
Type of Environment
Internal or external.
Identify types of adverse elements that the paint system will be subjected to.
Refer to Appendix B for detail classification.
Expected Appearance
Expected Performance
Budget
In general, the various paint components used (that is the primer, sealer, intermediate coat and topcoat) should
be compatible. Tables 2.1 to 2.3 provide useful information on the various common paint systems available for
different surfaces and purposes. The following explanatory notes are for the use of Table 2.1 to 2.3.
Column Headings
Explanatory Notes
Surface
Receiving surfaces are categorised according to the type of base substance of the
substrate, i.e. concrete/cement plaster, timber or metal.
material selection
The surfaces have been further categorised into internal (sheltered) or external
environmental exposures.
Finishes
Comparison of Properties
A 4-point grading scale is used to highlight strengths and weaknesses of the key
properties of the system.
Paint Type
Remarks
M5
Surface
Cement plastered
walls and concrete
related surfaces,
brickwork, plaster
boards, gypsum
boards, ceiling
panels
Cement plastered
walls and concrete
related surfaces,
brickwork, mineral
plasters
EXTERNAL
M4
M3
M2
M1
INTERNAL
S/No
Matt
Gloss
Low Gloss/
Low Sheen
Sheen
Matt
Finishes
Required
Ease
in
Painting
Paint Type
ACRYLIC
EMULSION
EPOXY
ACRYLIC
EMULSION
VEOVA
(MODIFIED
ACRYLIC)
EMULSION
ACRYLIC
COPOLYMER
EMULSION
material selection
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.1: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for CONCRETE/PLASTER SURFACE
Acrylic emulsion
SS150 (Type 1)
Alkali resisting
sealer
Epoxy topcoat
Acrylic emulsion
Epoxy sealer
"Vinyl Silk"
emulsion
Alkali resisting
sealer
Acrylic emulsion
SS150 (Type 2)
Alkali resisting
sealer
No. of
Coats
Alkali resisting
sealer
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
Surface
Sheen
Gloss/
Semi-Gloss
M9
M10
Low Sheen
Gloss
Cement plastered
walls and concrete
related surfaces,
brickwork, mineral
plasters
Semi-Gloss
Finishes
Required
M8
M7
M6
EXTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Ease
in
Painting
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.1: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for CONCRETE/PLASTER SURFACE
Paint Type
TEXTURE
COATING
SOLVENTBASED
ACRYLIC
TOPCOAT
TEXTURE
COATING
WATERBASED
ACRYLIC
TOPCOAT
2-PACK
POLYURETHANE
HIGH
PERFORMANCE
ACRYLIC
EMULSION
SOLVENTBASED
ACRYLIC
material selection
1
2
High performance
acrylic emulsion
SS345
Alkali resisting
solvent-based sealer
Polyurethane
topcoat
Alkali resisting
sealer
High performance
acrylic emulsion
SS 345
Epoxy primer
Acrylic solvent-based
topcoat
Alkali resisting
sealer
No. of
Coats
Alkali resisting
solvent-based sealer
Typical Paint
System
Textured acrylic-based,
decorative finish with
algistatic, fungistatic & anticarbonation properties
Excellent thermoplastic
coatings for fungus/algae
prone surfaces.
Remarks
Surface
Roof tiles
(non-glazed)
M12
M13
M14
Natural
Natural
Matt
Gloss
Finishes
Required
1
2
3
4
5
Notes:
Ease
in
Painting
Comparison of Properties
ACRYLIC
SOLVENT
BASED TILE
COATING
PENETRATING CLEAR
WATER
REPELLENT
WATERBASED
SILICONE
PAINT
TEXTURE
COATING
POLYURETHANE
TOPCOAT
material selection
Acrylic
solvent-based
Remarks
C Good
D Average
B Very Good
1-2
Water-based silicone
paint
Solvent-based
penetrating clear
repellent (coat to
saturation)
Water-based silicone
primer
Acrylic emulsion
texture base coat
Polyurethane
topcoat
No. of
Coats
Epoxy primer
Typical Paint
System
LEGEND: A Excellent
Paint Type
Cement plastered
walls and concrete
related surfaces,
brickwork, mineral
plasters
M11
EXTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Table 2.1: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for CONCRETE/PLASTER SURFACE
Sheen
Gloss &
Satin
T3
T4
Gloss
T2
Finishes
Required
Gloss
Surface
T1
INTERNAL
S/No
Ease
in
Painting
Durability Hardness
Yellowing
Stain
Resistance Resistance
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.2: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for TIMBER SURFACES
Paint Type
ACRYLIC
MODIFIED
ALKYD
NITROCELLULOSE
(NC)
LACQUER
VEOVA
MODIFIED
(MODIFIED
ACRYLIC)
EMULSION
2-PACK
POLYURETHANE
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
material selection
"Vinyl Silk"
emulsion
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS 34
NC acrylic lacquer
Aluminium wood
primer
SS 38
Polyurethane
topcoat
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS 34
Epoxy primer
No. of
Coats
Aluminium wood
primer
SS 38
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
10
Surface
T9
EXTERNAL
T8
T7
Gloss
Natural
Natural
Natural
T6
Natural
Finishes
Required
T5
INTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Ease
in
Painting
Yellowing
Stain
Resistance Resistance
Paint Type
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
2-PACK
EPOXY
2-PACK
AMINOALKYD
RESIN ACID
CURE
2-PACK
POLYURETHANE
ALKYD
MODIFIED
POLYURETHANE
1-PACK
material selection
Durability Hardness
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.2: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for TIMBER SURFACES
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS 34
Alkyd enamel gloss
top coat
SS 7
No. of
Coats
Aluminium wood
primer
SS38
Epoxy clear
Amino-alkyd coating
clear
2-pack polyurethane
clear
1-pack polyurethane
clear
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
11
Surface
Natural
Low Sheen
Gloss
Finishes
Required
1
2
3
4
Notes:
Ease
in
Painting
Durability Hardness
Yellowing
Stain
Resistance Resistance
Comparison of Properties
2-PACK
POLYURETHANE
ACRYLIC
EMULSION
2-PACK
POLYURETHANE
Acrylic emulsion
Remarks
C Good
D Average
B Very Good
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS34
Polyurethane
clear
Polyurethane
finishing coat
Aluminium
wood primer
SS38
No. of
Coats
Epoxy primer
Typical Paint
System
LEGEND: A Excellent
Paint Type
T12
T11
T10
EXTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Table 2.2: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for TIMBER SURFACES
material selection
12
Low Gloss/
Gloss
F4
Low Gloss/
Gloss
Gloss
Finishes
Required
Low Gloss/
Gloss
(Ferrous type)
Iron & steel related
surfaces
Surface
F3
F2
F1
INTERNAL
S/No
Ease
in
Painting
Durability
Corrosion
control
Paint Type
EPOXY
EPOXY
EPOXY
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
material selection
Hardness
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.3: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for METAL SURFACES
Epoxy topcoat
Epoxy coating
Epoxy topcoat
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS 34
Epoxy/Zinc
phosphate blast
primer
No. of
Coats
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
13
Surface
(Non ferrous
type)
Galvanised metal,
stainless steel,
copper , tin
& other related
surfaces
F7
(Ferrous type)
Iron & steel related
surfaces
EXTERNAL
F6
F5
INTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Gloss
Low Gloss/
Gloss
Gloss
Finishes
Required
Ease
in
Painting
Durability
Hardness
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.3: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for METAL SURFACES
Corrosion
control
Paint Type
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
EPOXY
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
material selection
1
1
Epoxy topcoat
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
SS34
Epoxy primer
No. of
Coats
Etching primer
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
14
Surface
Sheen
F11
Gloss
Gloss
(Ferrous type)
Iron & steel related
surfaces
Gloss
Finishes
Required
F10
F9
F8
EXTERNAL (contd)
S/No
C/B
C/B
Ease
in
Painting
Durability
B/A
B/A
Corrosion
control
Paint Type
EPOXY TAR
HIGH BUILD
EPOXY/
POLYURETHANE
EPOXY/
POLYURETHANE
ALKYDBASED
MICACEOUS
IRON OXIDE
material selection
B/A
B/A
Hardness
Comparison of Properties
Table 2.3: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for METAL SURFACES
2-pack polyurethane
finishing coat
Epoxy built-coat
2-pack polyurethane
finishing coat
Alkyd-based
micaceous iron
oxide
Epoxy/ zinc
phosphate blast
primer
No. of
Coats
Typical Paint
System
Remarks
15
Surface
(Non-ferrous
type)
Galvanised metal,
stainless steel,
copper, tin &
other related alloy
surfaces
Gloss
Gloss
Gloss
Finishes
Required
1
2
3
4
Notes:
Ease
in
Painting
Durability
Hardness
Comparison of Properties
Corrosion
control
EPOXY/
POLYURETHANE
ALKYD
MEDIUMOIL TYPE
ALKYD
RESIN
ENAMEL
1
2
Epoxy primer
2-pack polyurethane
gloss finishing coat
Remarks
C Good
D Average
Heavy-duty Epoxy/
Polyurethane system. Excellent
in corrosive chemicals
conditions e.g. chemical
industry, exposed to salted
seawater.
B Very Good
Medium-oil alkyd
topcoat gloss
Etching primer
Alkyd enamel
undercoat
Etching primer
No. of
Coats
Etching primer
Typical Paint
System
LEGEND: A Excellent
Paint Type
F14
F13
F12
EXTERNAL (contd)
S/No
Table 2.3: Reference Chart for Selecting Paint Systems for METAL SURFACES
material selection