DHABALESWAR INSTITUTE OF POLYTECHNIC , ATHAGARH

ANSWER OF SET -2, EMMI(TH-2)

4TH SEM, DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL ENGG
1. A) What is a rectifier?
Ans. The device which convert ac to dc is called a rectifier.
Ex- diode, scr . It is a device which convert ac to dc for the use of
PMMC instrument.
For PMMC instrument bridge rectifier used.
B) What is half wave rectifier?
Ans. After rectification if we found only one half of the ac it is called
half wave rectifier. Its sensitivity with ac 0.45 times its sensitivity with
dc.its efficiency is 40% .
C) What is full wave rectifier?
Ans. After rectification if we found two half of the ac it is called full
wave rectifier.
Its sensitivity with ac is .9 times its sensitivity with dc. Its efficiency is
80% .
The dc is pulsating in nature.
D) Define wattmeter constant?
Ans. Wattmeter constant is the ratio of product of selected voltage to
the maximum scale on the dial.
Wattmeter constant=

VI
Max. Scale

E) Draw the connection diagram of Wattmeter

2. A) Describe about Dynamometer type Wattmeter?

Ans. It consist of a fixed circular coil which carries the main current I 1
wound in two halves position parallel to each other as soon in the
figure. Tha distance between them can be adjusted to give a uniform
magnetic field. The moving coil(M) which is paivoted at its center
carries current I2 which is proportional to the moving coil by two springs
as soon in figure.
It is used for both ac and dc.
Scale is uniform.

B) Describe advantage & disadvantage of dynamometer type

wattmeter.
Ans. Advantage
High degree of accuracy
Used as standard meter for calibaration
Can be used in both ac and dc.
Disadvantage
Inductance of the voltage coil causes serious error at low power
factor.

3. What are the errors in Dynamometer type Wattmeter?

Ans. Errors in Dynamometer type Wattmeter .
Error due to pressure coil inductantance.
Pressure coil inductance causes errors as its not purely inductive.
A resistance is always attached with it so its varying the angle
between the voltage and pressure coil current.
Errors due to pressure coil capacitance .
Pressure coil capacitance have effect due to inter turn capacitance
of the series resistance .The effect of capacitance is opposite to
that of produced by inductance.Therefore Wattmeter reads high on
lagging power factors of the load.
Errors due to mutual inductance effect.
The inductance between pressure coil and current coil causes
error by the wattmeter.
Errors due to connection .
Pressure coil can be connected before and after the current coil.
The reading are different for different connection.
Stray magnetic field error.
The device is affected by the magnetic field of the other magnet
so it is called stray magnetic field error.
Errors caused by vibration of moving system.
The torque on the moving system varies cyclically with a
frequency which is twice that of voltage.It creates resonace with
the vibration of the pointer spring of the moving system.
Temperature error.
The resistance of the pressure coil and the stiffness varies with the
temperature.
Eddy current error.
Current produce due to current coil current produces flux that
creates eddy emf and produces eddy current and produces eddy
flux. So e creates r so creates error.