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BIBLIOGRAPHY: MIGRATIONS AND MOBILITIES

Transnational Conventions and Their Implementation


United Nations
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms, art. 8, opened for signature Nov. 4,
1950, 213 U.N.T.S. 222 (entered into force Sept. 3, 1953),
as amended by Protocols Nos. 3, 5, 8, and 11, which entered
into force on Sept. 21, 1970, Dec. 20, 1971, Jan. 1, 1990,
and Nov. 1, 1998, respectively.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women, arts. 7, 9, opened for
signature Dec. 18, 1979, 1249 U.N.T.S. 13 (entered into
force Sept. 3, 1981).
Convention on the Nationality of Married Women, opened for
signature Jan. 29, 1957, 309 U.N.T.S. 65 (entered into
force Aug. 11, 1958).
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, opened for
signature Aug. 30, 1961, 989 U.N.T.S. 175 (entered into
force Dec. 13, 1975).
Convention Relating to Status of Refugees,

arts. 1(A)(2), 33(1),


opened for signature July 28, 1951, 19 U.S.T. 6259, 189 U.N.T.S. 137
(entered into force Apr. 22, 1954).

Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons,


opened for signature Sept. 24, 1954, 360 U.N.T.S. 117
(entered into force June 6, 1960).
Convention on the Rights of the Child, arts. 1, 7, 38,
opened for signature Nov. 20, 1989, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3
(entered into force Sept. 2, 1990).
Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals Who Are Not
Nationals of the Country in Which They Live, G.A. Res.
40/144, Annex, 40 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 53) at 252, U.N.
Doc. A/40/53 (1985).
Declaration on Territorial Asylum, G.A. Res. 2312 (XXII),
22 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 81, U.N. Doc. A/6716 (1967).

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, U.N. Doc.


A/RES/61/295 (Sept. 13, 2007).
Integration of the Human Rights of Women and the Gender
Perspective: Violence against Women, U.N. Econ. & Soc.
Council [ECOSOC], Comm. on Human Rights, U.N. Doc.
E/CN.4/2000/68 (Feb. 29, 2000).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, arts.
12(4), 23(1), opened for signature Dec. 16, 1966, 99
U.N.T.S. 17 (entered into force Mar. 23, 1976).
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural
Rights, opened for signature Dec. 16, 1966, 993 U.N.T.S. 3
(entered into force Jan. 3, 1976).
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of
Discrimination against Women, GA Res. A/54/4, Annex, 54
U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 49) at 5, U.N. Doc. A/54/49, Vol. I
(entered into force Dec. 22, 2000).
Optional Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, G.A. Res. 54/263, Annex I, 54 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No.
49) at 6, 7, U.N. Doc. A/54/49, Vol. III (2000).
Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, art. I, opened
for signature Jan. 31, 1967, 19 U.S.T. 6223, 606 U.N.T.S.
267 (entered into force Oct. 4, 1967).
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, UN GAOR, 55th Sess., Annex 2, Agenda Item 105, at
31, UN Doc. A/RES/55/25 (2000) (entered into force Sept. 9,
2003).
Resolution on the Elimination of Violence against Women,
C.H.R. Res. 1997/44, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1997/44 (Apr. 11,
1997).
Trafficking in Women, Womens Migration and Violence
Against Women, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence
Against Women, submitted in accordance with U.N. Econ. &
Soc. Council [ECOSOC], Comm. on Human Rights Res.
1997/44._E/CN/4/2000/68 (Feb. 29, 2000).
U.N. Charter art. 2. para. 7.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. 217A, at


71, U.N. GAOR, 3d Sess., 1st plen. mtg., U.N. Doc A/810
(Dec. 12, 1948).
European Union
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, art.
21, Dec. 1, 2000, 2000 O.J. (C 364) 1, available at
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf.
Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the Treaty on European Union,
the Treaties Establishing the European Communities, and
Certain Related Acts, arts. 17, 21, Oct. 2, 1997, 1997 O.J.
(C 340) 1.
Treaty of Lisbon Amending the Treaty on European Union and
the Treaty Establishing the European Community, Dec. 3,
2007, available at http://www.consilium.
europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/cg00014.en07.pdf.
Treaty on European Union and Final Act, art. 8, 8(E), Feb.
7, 1992, 1992 O.J. (C 224), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 247
(1992).
International Conference of American States
Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States,
art. 1, Dec. 26, 1933, 49 Stat. 3097, 165 L.N.T.S. 19
(entered into force Dec. 26, 1934).
Constitutions, Statutes, and Directives
European Council Directives
Council Directive 2003/86/EC, On Family Reunification, 2003
O.J. (L 251) 12.
Council Directive 2005/85/EC, On Minimum Standards on
Procedures in Member States for Granting and Withdrawing
Refugee Status, 2005 O.J. (L 326) 13.
Nation States
Australia
Migration Legislation Amendment Regulations 2001 (No. 12)
(Austl.).
Brazil

Constituio Federal [Constitution of Brazil] (1988), arts.


18(4), 23, 29-31.
Canada
Canada Act 1982, ch. 11, sched. B (U.K.).
Canada Arbitration Act, 1991 S.O., ch.17, ch. 17 35
(Can.).
Canada Criminal Code, R.S.C., ch. C-46, 4.1, 215, 267,
268, 268(3), 268(3)(b) (1985) (as am.).
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms 15, 28,
Constitution Act, 1982, pt. I, Family Statute Law Amendment
Act, 2006 S.O., ch. 1 (Can.).
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, R.S.C., ch. 27,
25(1), 106 (2001) (Can.).
Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations SOR/2002-227
r 133(4), r 133(1)(k) (Can.).
Egypt
Law/154/2004. Egyptian State Information Service,
available at: http://www.sis.gov.eg/EN/Pub/acheivements/
tweentyFiveyears/110301000000000002.htm.
France
Law No. 2003-1119 of Nov. 26, 2003, Journal Officiel de la
Rpublique Franaise [J.O.] [Official Gazette of France],
Nov. 27, 2003, p. 20136, art. 21.
Ordonnance No. 2004-1248 of Nov. 24, 2004, Journal Officiel
de la Rpublique Franaise [J.O.] [Official Gazette of
France], Nov. 25, 2004, p. 19924, art. 4(1), (entered into
force March 1, 2005).
Germany
Gesetz zur Reform des Staatsangehrigkeitsrechts [Act to
Amend the Nationality Law], July 15, 1999, BGBl. I at 1618,
art. 1 no. 3 (F.R.G.).
Grundgesetz fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland [GG] (Basic
Law), 1, art. 16(1) (F.R.G.).
Ireland
Ir. Const., art. 2, 9.2(1).


Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1956 (Act No. 26/1956)


(Ir.), available at http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1956/
en/act/pub/0026/print.html.
Nationality, Immigration, and Asylum Act 2002, 55 (U.K.).
Twenty-Seventh Amendment of the Constitution Act, 2004 (Act
No. 15/2004) (Ir.), available at http://www.
irishstatutebook.ie/2004/en/act/cam/0027/index.html.
Netherlands
Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State [ABRvS]
[Administrative Law Court], 3 februari 1989, Nederlands
Juristen Blad 1989, 4, 432-433 (Neth).
Comment, C.A. Groenendijk, Afdeling Bestuurrecht van de
Raad van State [ABRvS] [Administrative Law Court of the
Netherlands], 29 maart 2006, 200510214/1, Jurisprudentie
Vreemdelingenrecht (JV) 2006/172 (Neth.).
Tussentijds Bericht Vreemdelingencirculaire (TBV 2002/4)
St. Crt. 58:15 (2002) (Neth.).
Vreemdelingencirculaire (Dutch Immigration Circular) 1975
(unpublished) Chapter G.44: 13-14 (Neth.).
Russia
Konstitutsiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Konst. RF]
[Constitution of the Russian Federation] arts. 130-33.
United States
8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(2)(A)(I).
8 U.S.C. 1183a (2002).
8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42)(a) (2006).
Cable ActNaturalization and Citizenship Act of Married
Women (Married Womens Citizenship Act), Pub. L. 67-346, 42
Stat. 1022 (1922).
Defense of Marriage Act, Pub. L. No. 104-199, 110 Stat.
2419 (1996) (codified at 1 U.S.C. 7 and 28
U.S.C. 1738C).
Expatriation Act (Citizenship Acts) of March 2, 1907, Pub.
L. 59-193, 34 Stat. 1228, chap. 2534 (1907).

H.R.J. Res. 238, 55th Cong., 2nd sess. (1898), 30 Stat.


1496.
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant (1996)
Responsibility Act, Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009
(codified at 8 U.S.C. 1101-1642 and in scattered
sections of 18 U.S.C.).
Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law of the United
States 201, 211, 212, 711, comment c (1987).
Violence against Women Act of 1994, Pub. L. 103-322, tit.
IV, 108 Stat. 1902 (codified as amended in scattered
sections of 8, 18, 42 U.S.C.).
Walter Dellinger, Statement before the Subcommittees on
Immigration and Claims and on the Constitution of the House
Committee on the Judiciary, Dec. 13, 1995, available at
http://www.usdoj.gov/olc/deny.tes.31.htm (accessed Jan. 11,
2007).
U.S. Const. amend. XIV.
Case Law
European Court of Human Rights
Abdulaziz, Cabales & Balkandali v. United Kingdom, 94 Eur.
Ct. H.R. (Ser. A) (1985).
Ahmut v. the Netherlands, App. No. 21702/93, 1996 Eur. Ct.
H.R. 61 (1996).
Berrehab v. the Netherlands, App. No. 10730/84, 11 Eur. Ct.
H.R. Rep. 322 (1988).
Chandra v. the Netherlands, App. No. 53102/99, Eur. Ct.
H.R. 13 (2003).
Ciliz v. the Netherlands, App. No. 29192/95, Eur. Ct. H.R.
(2000).
Ebrahim & Ebrahim v. the Netherlands, App. No. 59186/00,
Eur. Ct. H.R (2003).
Gl v. Switzerland, App. No. 23219/94, 1996 Eur. Ct. H.R. 5
(1996).
I.M. v. the Netherlands, App. No. 41226/98, Eur. Ct. H.R.
(2003).

Kroon v. the Netherlands, App. No. 18535/91, 297 Eur. Ct.


H.R. (Ser. A) 43 (1994).
Marckx v. Belgium, para. 31, App. No. 6833/74, 31 Eur. Ct.
H.R. 33 (1979).
Mayeka & Mitunga v. Belgium, para. 75, App. No. 13178/03,
Eur. Ct. H.R. (2006).
R. v. the Netherlands, App. No. 13654/88, Eur. Ct. H.R.
(1988).
Sen v. the Netherlands, App. No. 31465/96, 36 Eur. Ct. H.R
7, 40 (2003).
Taspinar v. the Netherlands, App. No. 11026/84, 8 Eur. H.R.
Rep. 47 (1984).
Tuquabo-Tekle v. the Netherlands, App. No. 60665/00, Eur.
Ct. H.R. 1 (2005).
Yousef v. United Kingdom, App. No. 14830/89, Eur. Ct. H.R.
(1992).
European Court of Justice
Case C-109/01, Akrich v. Secy of State for the Home Dept,
2003 E.C.R. I-9607.
Case C-413/99, Baumbast & R. v. Sec'y of State for the Home
Dep't, 2002 E.C.R. I-7091.
Case C-60/00, Carpenter v. Secy of State for the Home
Dept, 2002 E.C.R. I-6279.
Case C-138/02, Collins v. Secy of State for Work and
Pensions, 2004 E.C.R. I-2703.
Case C-274/96, Criminal Proceedings against Horst Otto
Bickel & Ulrich Franz, 1998 E.C.R. I-7637.
Case C-177/88, Dekker v. Stichting Vormingscentrum voor
Jong Volwassenen (VJV Centrum), 1990 E.C.R. I-3941.
Case C-540/03, European Parliament v. Council of the
European Union, 2006 E.C.R. I-05769.
Case C-184/99, Grzelczyk v. Centre public daide sociale
dOttignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, para. 31, 2001 E.C.R. I-6193.
Case C-212/05, Hartmann v. Freistaat Bayern, 2007 E.C.R. I6303.


Case C-171/95, Tetik v. Land Berlin, joined party: the


Oberbundesanstalt beim Bundesverwaltungsgericht, 1997
E.C.R. I-329.
Case C-180/99, Khalil, Chaaban, Osseili v. Bundesanwalt fr
Arbeit/Nasser v. Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart/Addou v. Land
Nordrhein-Westfalen, 2001 E.C.R. I-7413.
Case C-85/96, Martinez Sala v. Freistaat Bayern, 1998
E.C.R. I-2691.
Case 29/69, Stauder v. Stadt Ulm Sozialamt, para. 7, 1969
E.C.R. 419.
Case 26/2, van Gend & Loos v. Netherlands Inland Revenue
Administration, 1963 E.C.R. 1.
Case C-200/02, Zhu & Chen v. Secy of State for the Home
Dept, 2004 E.C.R. I-9925, 3 C.M.L.R. 48 (2004).
International Court of Justice
Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), 1955 I.C.J. 4,
23 (April 6).
Nation States
Australia
Applicant A v. MIEA [1997] 190 C.L.R. 225, 242 (Austl.)
(opinion of Dawson, J.).
S157 v. Minister for Immigration, Multicultural and
Indigenous Affairs (2003) 195 A.L.R. 24 (Austl.).
Canada
Alexander v. Solicitor General of Canada, [2006] 2 F.C.R.
681; [2005] F.C. 1147.
Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),
[1999] 2 S.C.R. 817.
Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v.
Hawthorne, [2002] F.C.A. 475.
Canadian Council for Refugees, Canadian Council of
Churches, Amnesty International, and John Doe v. Her
Majesty the Queen, [2007] F.C. 1262 (Can.).
Chan v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),
[1995] 3 S.C.R. 593.


Cheung v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),


[1993] 2 F.C. 314.
Edwards v. Attorney-General for Canada, [1930] A.C. 124,
136 (P.C. 1929) (appeal taken from Can.).
G. v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration,
[1999] 177 F.T.R. 76 (F.C.T.D.).
Haig v. Canada, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 995, 1041-41.
Her Majesty The Queen v. Canadian Council for Refugees,
Canadian Council of Churches, Amnesty International, and
John Doe, [2008] F.C.A. 40 (Can.).
Jack v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),
[2000] 7 Imm. L.R. (3d) 35 (F.C.T.D.).
Langner v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),
[1995] 29 C.R.R. (2d) 184 (F.C.A.).
Legault v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),
[2001] F.C.T. 315.
Naredo v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),
[2000] 192 D.L.R. (4th) 373 (F.C.T.D.).
Native Womens Association of Canada v. Canada, [1994] 3
S.C.R. 627.
Navaratnam v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and
Immigration), [1999] 179 F.T.R. 294 (F.C.T.D.).
Wynter v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),
[2000] 24 Admin. L.R. (3d) 99 (F.C.T.D.).
Ireland
A.O. and D.L. v. Minister for Justice, Equality, and Law
Reform, [2003] 1 I.R. 1 (Ir.) (opinion of Fennelly, J.).
Fajujonu v. Minister for Justice, [1990] 2 I.R. 151 (Ir.).
L. & O. v. Minister for Justice, Equality, and Law Reform
[2003] 1 I.R. 1 (Ir.).
Osheku v. Ireland, [1986] I.R. 733, 746 (Ir.) (opinion of
Gannon, J.).
Netherlands
Rb. Den Haag Kort Geding 1990: 360 (Sept. 11, 1990). (NL)


Rb. Den Haag, seated in Haarlem, AWB 99/296 (unpublished)


(June 2, 1999). (NL)
Rb Den Haag, seated in Zwolle, AWB 96/8085 (unpublished)
(Jan. 15, 1997). (NL)
Rb. Den Haag, seated in Zwolle, AWB 01/67498 (May 22,
2002). (NL)
United Kingdom
Islam v. Secy of State for the Home Dept, [1999] 2 A.C.
629, 629-30 (H.L.) (U.K.).
Re J (childs religious upbringing and circumcision).
Maynard, Barrister, Family Court. 1 FCR 307 [2000].

Jane

United States
Acosta v. Gaffney, 558 F.2d 1153, 1157 (3d Cir. 1977).
Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995).
Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967).
Beharry v. Reno, 183 F. Supp. 2d 584, 588 (E.D.N.Y. 2002),
overruled by Beharry v. Ashcroft, 329 F.3d 51 (2d Cir.
2003).
Brief for Respondent, Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001)
(No. 99-2071).
Brief of Amicus Curiae Eagle Forum Education and Legal
Defense Fund in Support of Respondents, Hamdi v. Rumsfeld,
542 U.S. 507 (2004) (No. 03-6696).
Bui v. State, 551 So. 2d 1094 (Ala. Crim. App.

1988).

Campos-Guardado v. INS, 809 F.2d 285, 287 (5th Cir. 1987),


cert. denied, 484 U.S. 826 (1987).
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831).
Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1856).
Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94 (1884).
Ex parte (Ng) Fung Sing, 6 F.2d 670 (1925).
Ex parte Mohriez, 54 F. Supp. 941 (D. Mass. 1944).




Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 959 (9th Cir. 1996).


Geduldig v. Aiello, 417 U.S. 484 (1974).
Hernandez-Cordero v. INS, 819 F.2d 558, 563 (5th Cir. 1987)
(en banc).
In Matter of Pierre, 15 I. & N. Dec. 461, 461-62 (BIA
1975).
In re F.O., CGRS Case No. 263 (unpublished decision from
Immigration Judge).
In re Kasinga, 21 I. & N. Dec. 357 (BIA 1996).
In re R.A., 22 I. & N. Dec. 906 (BIA 1999) (overturned by a
2001 interim decision of the Attorney General).
In re Wendemagengehu (Santa Clara County Super. Ct. No.
C9884181), habeas corpus petition denied, 2005 Cal. App.
LEXIS 9747, at *1 (Oct. 25, 2005) (unpublished).
INS v. Jong Ha Wang, 450 U.S. 139, 145 (1981).
Jiang Shunzhe v. Daewoosa Samoa LTD & Kil-Soo Lee, High
Court of American Samoa, Trial Division, CA 68-99.
Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
Lazo-Majano v. INS, 813 F.2d 1432, 1435 (9th Cir. 1987).
Lazo-Majano v. INS, 813 F.2d 1432, 1433 (9th Cir. 1987),
overruled in part on other grounds by Fisher v. INS, 79
F.3d 955 (9th Cir. 1996).
Lehr v. Robertson, 463 U.S. 248 (1983).
Llano-Castellon v. INS, 16 F.3d 1093, 1097-98 (10th Cir.
1994).
Lopez v. Franklin, 427 F. Supp. 345 (E.D. Mich. 1977).
Martin v. Commonwealth, 1 Mass. (1 Will.) 347 (1805).
Martinez-Maldonado v. Gonzalez, 437 F.3d 679 (9th Cir.
2006).
Matter of Gonzalez Recinas, 23 I. & N. Dec. 467 (BIA 2002).
Matter of Monreal, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 59 (BIA 2001).
Medellin v. Texas, 170 L. Ed. 2d 190 (U.S. 2008).




Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1875).


Navas v. INS, 217 F.3d 646, 655-56 (9th Cir. 2000).
New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 311 (1932)
(Brandeis, J., dissenting).
Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53 (2001).
Nwaokolo v. INS, 314 F.3d 303, 308 (7th Cir. 2002).
Oforji v. Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 609, 620-21 (7th Cir. 2003).
Perdido v. INS, 420 F.2d 1179, 1181 (5th Cir. 1969).
Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971).
Richmond v. J.A. Croson, 488 U.S. 469 (1989).
Romero-Torres v. Ashcroft, 327 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2003).
Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 (1981).
Salameda v. INS, 70 F.3d 447 (7th Cir. 1995).
Shanks v. Dupont, 28 U.S. (3 Pet.) 242 (1830).
Shaughnessy v. United States ex rel. Mezei, 345 U.S. 206
(1953).
State v. Latif Al-Hussaini, 579 N.W.2d 561, 563 (Neb. Ct.
App. 1998).
Takao Ozawa v. United States, 260 U.S. 178 (1922).
Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S. 522, 525 (1975).
Toyota v. United States, 268 U.S. 402 (1925).
Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958).
United States v. Ahumada-Aguilar, 189 F.3d.1121 (9th Cir.
1999).
United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).
United States v. Rogers, 45 U.S. (4 How.) 567 (1846).
United States v. Thind, 261 U.S. 204 (1923).
United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515, 532 (1996).
Villena v. INS, 622 F.2d 1352, 1359 (9th Cir. 1980).




Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832).


Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001).
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