Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Networks
Nikos Hatziargyriou
nh@power.ece.ntua.gr
NTUA, Greece
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Reciprocating Engines
Fuel Cells
Advanced Turbines
Photovoltaics
Thermally Activated
Technologies
Microturbines
Round Table The Effect of Distributed
and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security,
Athens, 13th April 2005
Wind
The vision..
Yesterday
Transmission Network
Storage
Storage
Flow
Control
Storage
Storage
House
Distribution Network
Local CHP plant
Power
quality
device
Wind
power
plant
Factory
Commercial
building
Power
quality
device
-3
Manuel
European
Commission
BETA
SESSION
4b:Security,
Integration
of RES+DG
Round Table
TheSANCHEZ
Effect of Distributed
and Renewable
Generation
on Power
Systems
Athens,
13th April 2005
P ,Q ,V ,
A
P ,-Q
P + /-Q
CHP
pv
P ,Q , V ,
P ,+ /-Q
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Proposed
Proposedapproach
approach
Generator contribution
ignored
Generator contribution
recognised
50MW
100
100
T3
50MW
100
100
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
DG Interconnection Technologies
Plug & Play capabilities
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
EU MICROGRIDS Project
Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids
Contract : ENK5-CT-2002-00610
GREAT BRITAIN
UMIST
URENCO
PORTUGAL
GREECE
14 PARTNERS,
7 EU COUNTRIES
EDP
INESC
UMIST
URENCO
SPAIN
NTUA
PPC /NAMD&RESD
GERMANOS
GERMANY
ISET
SMA
SMA
ISET
ARMINES
LABEIN
EDF
NETHERLANDS
FRANCE
CENERG
EMforce
INESC
EDP
LABEIN
ICCS / NTUA
GERMANOS
EDF
Ecole des Mines de Paris/ARMINES
CENERG
PPC/NAMD&RESD
http://microgrids.power.ece.ntua.gr
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Energy efficiency
Minimisation of the overall energy consumption
Improved environmental impact
Improvement of energy system reliability and quality
of service
Network benefits
Cost efficient electricity infrastructure replacement
strategies
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
DG
Distribution of CMLs
Security of supply
Central generation
DG
Medium
scale DG
DG
Small-scale DG
Security of supply
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Microgrids Highlights
Control philosophies (hierarchical vs. distributed)
Permissible expenditure and quantification of
reliability benefits
Device and interface response and intelligence
requirements
Energy management within and outside of the
distributed power system
Steady State and Dynamic Analysis Tools
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Flywheel
AC
DC
LC
DC
AC
MC
MC
AC
DC
LC
Storage
LC
MC
~ CHP
DMS
DMS
MV
LV
MC
MGCC
MGCC
Centralized vs.
Decentralized
Control
Fuel Cell
AC
DC
MC
AC
DC
LC
~
Micro Turbine
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
FIPA organization
Java Based Platforms
Agent Communication
Language
Grid Level
Agent
MO
......
Management
Level
Agent
Microgrid
Microgrid
Agent
Agent
Microgrid
MGCC
LC LC
LC
LC
...
Field
Level
Agent
Agent
Agent
Agent
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
Residential
=
25 /kWpk
2 /kWpk
Commercial
20 /kWpk
Perm. expenditure =
Microgrid (2,000kW)
250 /kWpk
2 kW
1000 kW
40
250,000
40,000
500,000
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
188 kW
210 kW (100%)
FLOL (ev/yr)
LOLE (hrs/yr)
LOEE (kWh/yr)
2,130
23,93
2279,03
(no DGs)
58,14
124,91
3101,52
14,02
41,67
2039,41
2,28
15,70
716,36
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
10
Participation of Microgrids in
Energy Markets
Microgrid Serving its own needs using its local
production, when financially beneficial (Good Citizen)
MGCC minimises operation costs based on:
Prices in the open power market
Forecasted demand and renewable power production
Bids of the Microgrid producers and consumers.
Technical constraints
20 kV
20/0.4 kV, 50 Hz, 400 kVA
Off-load TC
19-21 kV in 5 steps
3+N
0.4 kV
Overhead line
Circuit Breaker
instead of fuses
Pole-to-pole distance = 35 m
Study Case
LV Feeder
with DG
sources
Single residencial
consumer
3, Is=40 A
Smax=15 kVA
S0=5.7 kVA
80
80
80
Flywheel storage
Rating to be
determined
30 m
Possible sectionalizing CB
80
3, 30 kW
5 x 3, Is=40 A
8 x 1, Is=40 A
Smax=72 kVA
S0=57 kVA
80
4x6 mm2 Cu
20 m
30
1 x 3, Is=40 A
6 x 1, Is=40 A
Smax=47 kVA
S0=25 kVA
3, 30 kW
~
~
Appartment building
3+N+PE
1, 4x2.5 kW
Fuel Cell
Microturbine
3+N+PE
20 m
Photovoltaics
Appartment building
10
4x25 mm2 Cu
4 x 3, Is=40 A
Smax=50 kVA
S0=23 kVA
3, 15 kW
80
3x70mm2 Al XLPE +
30 m
54.6mm2 AAAC
Twisted Cable
3x50 mm2 Al +35mm2 Cu XLPE
10
80
4x16 mm2 Cu
Circuit Breaker
Wind Turbine
Other lines
3+N
80
80
Single residencial
consumer
3, Is=40 A
Smax=15 kVA
S0=5.7 kVA
3+N+PE
1+N+PE
3+N+PE
Photovoltaics
1, 3 kW
4x16 mm Cu
30 m
80
11
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
kW
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
Pow er exchanged w ith the grid
Load Pattern
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
12
u0
f0
-1
Frequency droop
-4%
-1%
P
PN
-1
Q
QN
Voltage droop
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
560
580
600
vMicroGrid [v]
300
-300
100
80
grid connected
60
island
IMicroGrid [A]
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
1000
800
600
400
IGrid [A]
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
time [ms]
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
13
Round Table The Effect of Distributed and Renewable Generation on Power Systems Security, Athens, 13th April 2005
14