- AM/FM

____________ determines the number of sideband components in FM.

a. Carrier frequency
b. Modulation frequency
c. Modulation index
d. Deviation ratio
ans: c
One of the following transmits only sideband.
a. H3E
b. R3E
c. A3E
d. B8E
ans: a
What produces the sidebands on FM?
a. Signal amplitude
b. Carrier harmonics
c. Baseband frequency
d. Broadband frequency
ans: c
Which test instrument displays the carrier and the sidebands amplitude with fr
equency to frequency?
a. Oscilloscope
b. Spectrum analyzer
c. Frequency analyzer
d. Amplitude analyzer
ans: b
Mixer is also known as __________.
a. modulator
b. suppressor
c. converter
d. beater
ans: c
Which one of the following emission transmit the lower sideband and half of th
e upper sideband.
a. A5C
b. J3E
c. A3J
d. A3H
ans: d
An FM receive signal ___________.
a. vary in amplitude with modulation
b. vary in frequency with modulation
c. vary in frequency and amplitude with wideband modulation
d. is not immune to noise
ans: b
The process of impressing intelligence on the carrier is called
a. modulation
b. detection
c. mixing
d. impression
ans: a
-

_________ is an electronic instrument used to show both the carrier and the si
debands of a modulated signal in the frequency domain.
a. Spectrum analyzer
b. Oscilloscope
c. Digital counter
d. Frequency counter
ans: a
What part of the carrier is varied by the intelligence during modulation in an
AM system?
a. Phase
b. Frequency
c. Amplitude
d. Phase and amplitude
ans: c
The difference between the RF carrier and the modulating signal frequencies is
called the
a. USB
b. LSB
c. Sideband
d. Carrier frequency
ans: b
What stage in a radio transmitter isolates the oscillator from the load?
a. Oscillator
b. Buffer
c. Separator
d. Mixer
ans: b
The frequency of the unmodulated carrier in FM system is
a. modulating frequency
b. center frequency
c. carrier frequency
d. deviation frequency
ans: b
The ratio of maximum deviation to the maximum modulating frequency is called
a. carrier swing
b. deviation ratio
c. modulation factor
d. modulation index
ans: b
A carrier signal has
a. constant amplitude
b. a frequency of 20 kHz and above
c. a varying amplitude
d. the information content
ans: b
The modulated peak value of a signal is 125 V and the unmodulated carrier valu
e is 85 V. What is the modulation index?
a. 0.47
b. 0.68
c. 0.32
d. 1.47
ans: d
-

An 891 kHz carrier having an amplitude of 80 V is modulated by a 4.5 kHz audio

signal having an amplitude of 45 V.. The modulation factor is
a. 0.56
b. 0.65
c. 1.78
d. 1.25
ans: a
What is the modulation index of an FM signal having a carrier swing of 75 kHz
when the modulating signal has frequency of 3 kHz?
a. 25
b. 12.5
c. 0.04
d. 0.08
ans: b
In a FM system, if modulation index is doubled by halving the modulating frequ
ency, what will be the effect on the maximum deviation?
a. No effect
b. Maximum deviation doubles
c. Decreases by 1/2
d. Increases by 1/4
ans: a
Which of the following is considered as an indirect method of generating FM?
a. Reactance modulator
b. Balanced modulator
c. Varactor diode modulator
d. Armstrong system
ans: d
To generate an SSB or DSB signal one must use a circuit known as
a. filter modulator
b. ring modulator
c. balanced modulator
d. reactance modulator
ans: c
Which is the first radio receiver?
a. TRF receiver
b. Superheterodyne receiver
c. Crystal radio receiver
d. Heterodyne receiver
ans: c
An interfering signal with a frequency equal to the received signal plus twice
the IF is called
a. image frequency
b. center frequency
c. rest frequency
d. interference frequency
ans: a
Double sideband full carrier emission type.
a. A3J
b. H3E
c. R3A
d. A3E
ans: d
-

Single sideband reduced carrier emission type.

a. H3E
b. R3E
c. J3E
d. B8E
ans: b
A single sideband suppressed carrier emission type.
a. H3E
b. R3E
c. J3E
d. B8E
ans: c
Independent sideband emission type.
a. H3E
b. R3E
c. J3E
d. B8E
ans: d
Vestigial sideband emission type
a. C3F
b. J3E
c. R3E
d. B8E
ans: a
Single sideband full carrier emission type.
a. R3E
b. H3E
c. J3E
d. B8E
ans: b
Phase modulation emission type.
a. F3E
b. F3C
c. F3F
d. G3E
ans: d
Which one is not an advantage of SSB over AM?
a. Power saving
b. Requires half the bandwidth
c. Wider area of reception
d. Better fidelity
ans: d
The advantage of a high level modulated AM transmitter is
a. less audio power required
b. better fidelity
c. higher value of operating power
d. less distortion
ans: c
The advantage of a low-level modulated AM transmitter is
a. less audio power required
b. better fidelity
c. higher value of operating power

d. less distortion
ans: a
_________ is the bad effect caused by overmodulation in AM transmission.
a. Increase in noise
b. Deviation in the operating frequency
c. Interference to other radio services
d. Decrease in the output power
ans: c
Which characteristic of a radio receiver refers to its ability to reject an un
wanted signal?
a. Sensitivity
b. Selectivity
c. Fidelity
d. Quality
ans: b
What type of emission is frequency modulation?
a. F3E
b. G3E
c. A3E
d. B3E
ans: a
AM transmission power increases with ________.
a. frequency
b. source
c. load
d. modulation
ans: d
________ locks the FM receiver to a stronger signal.
a. Hall effect
b. Capture effect
c. Image frequency
d. Homing
ans: b
What is the highest percentage of modulation for AM?
a. 50 %
b. 75 %
c. 100 %
d. 80 %
ans: c
In FM, the Carson's Rule states that the bandwidth is equal to twice the sum o
f the modulating frequency and _______.
a. carrier signal
b. modulating index
c. frequency deviation
d. image frequency
ans: c
What is the carrier swing of an FM transmitter when modulated by 75 %?
a. 53.2 kHz
b. 48 kHz
c. 56.25 kHz
d. 112.5 kHz
ans: d

The modulation system inherently more resistant to noise.

a. Single sideband suppressed carrier
b. Frequency modulation
c. Pulse-position modulation
d. Amplitude shift keying
ans: b
Subcarriers that are arranged so that the channels occupying adjacent frequenc
y bands with some frequency space between them is known as
a. guard bands
b. AM bands
c. band gap
d. void band
ans: a
Modulation of an RF carrier results in
a. multiple channels
b. smaller antennas
c. directional propagation
d. all of the above
ans: d
A process which occurs in the transmitter.
a. Mixing
b. Modulation
c. Heterodyning
d. Demodulation
ans: b
A process which occurs in the receiver.
a. Beating
b. Modulation
c. Mixing
d. Demodulation
ans: d
One part of the transmitter that protects the crystal oscillator from "pulling
".
a. Buffer amplifier
b. Modulator
c. Power amplifier
d. Antenna coupler
ans: a
What aspect of the carrier is changed by modulation?
a. Frequency
b. Phase
c. Amplitude
d. Depends on the type of modulation
ans: d
The amplitude of a sine wave which is modulated by a musical program will
a. be complex
b. contain fundamental frequencies
c. contain harmonic frequencies
d. all of the above
ans: d
What will be the result of the gain level being too high for signals entering

the modulator?
a. Receiver noise
b. Excessive volume of receiver output
c. Oscillator disturbance
d. Distortion and splatter
ans: d
Amplitude modulation causes the amount of transmitter power to
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
d. double
ans: a
When a carrier is modulated 100%, the total power increases by what percentage
over that of the carrier alone?
a. 25 %
b. 50 %
c. 75 %
d. 100 %
ans: b
When the amplitude of the modulating voltage is increased for AM, the antenna
current will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain constant
d. decrease exponentially
ans: a
An increase in transmitter power from 25 W to 30 W will cause the antenna curr
ent to increase from 700 mA to
a. 800 mA
b. 750 mA
c. 767 mA
d. 840 mA
ans: c
A second modulating tone having the same amplitude but a different frequency i
s added to the first at the input to the modulator. The modulation index will be
increased by a factor of
a. square root of 3
b. square root of 2
c. 2
d. 3
ans: b
A 1000 kHz carrier is modulated by a 2500 Hz tone. One frequency component of
the modulated signal is
a. 1200 Hz
b. 5000 Hz
c. 1002.5 kHz
d. 2500 Hz
ans: c
A 1200 kHz carrier is amplitude-modulated by two tones of 500 Hz and 700 Hz. W
hich one is a frequency component of the modulated wave?
a. 1195 kHz
b. 1199.3 kHz
c. 1199.7 kHz

d. 1205 kHz
ans: b
Identify a modulation method, or methods in use for a common-emitter configura
tion.
a. Base modulation
b. Emitter modulation
c. Collector modulation
d. Both A and C
ans: d
The RF signal injected into a balanced modulator is 10 MHz and the modulating
frequency is 1 kHz. Which frequency, or frequencies, will not appear in the outp
ut?
a. 9.999 MHz
b. 10 MHz
c. 10.0001 MHz
d. both A and B
ans: b
Unwanted sidebands in SSB equipment can be suppressed by one or more of the fo
llowing methods.
a. Phasing method
b. Filter method
c. Decoder method
d. Both A and B
ans: d
Envelope detection is concerned with the process of
a. mixing
b. heterodyning
c. modulation
d. rectification
ans: d
Diagonal clipping in envelope detection will result in
a. distortion
b. phase reversal
c. reduced sensitivity
d. amplitude damage
ans: a
Product detection requires the process of
a. rectification
b. heterodyning
c. decoding
d. phase shifting
ans: b
A sine wave which is coherent with carrier has identical
a. amplitude
b. frequency
c. phase angle
d. both B and C
ans: d
Frequency modulation and phase modulation are collectively referred to as
a. stereo
b. angle modulation
c. high fidelity modulation

d. FCC modulation
ans: b
In FM the change in carrier frequency is proportional to what attribute of the
modulating signal?
a. angle
b. frequency
c. amplitude
d. tone
ans: c
A louder sound, when generating the modulating waveform for FM, will cause a g
reater
a. carrier amplitude
b. angle amplitude
c. distortion at the receiver
d. frequency deviation
ans: d
If a positive change in modulation signal level of 200 mV will cause a positiv
e frequency deviation of 10 kHz, what will be the frequency deviation for a nega
tive change of 100 mV in the level of the modulating signals?
a. 0
b. -5 kHz
c. +5 kHz
d. +0 kHz
ans: b
A particular 15 kHz modulation tone results in a peak frequency deviation of 7
5 kHz. What is the modulation index?
a. 5
b. 15
c. 75
d. 3
ans: a
A 15 kHz sine wave frequency-modulates an 88 MHz carrier. A sideband frequency
will be found at
a. 87.970 MHz
b. 87.985 MHz
c. 88.015 MHz
d. All of these
ans: d
A device whose capacitance is deliberately made to be a function of the applie
d voltage.
a. Varactor diode
b. UJT
c. SAW
d. Variable capacitor
ans: a
A reactance modulator is one method of obtaining
a. indirect FM
b. direct FM
c. demodulation
d. low frequency filtering
ans: b
A device, now available in IC form, is useful for direct FM and as one element

in the phase-locked loop.

a. AFC
b. AGC
c. VCO
d. LPF
ans: c
________ is a frequency change process, whereby the phase deviation and freque
ncy deviation are multiplied by some fixed constant.
a. Translation
b. Multiplication
c. Division
d. Addition
ans: b
A circuit that has the function of demodulating the frequency-modulated signal
.
a. AFC
b. Envelope detector
c. Decoder
d. Foster-Seeley discriminator
ans: d
The ratio detector is superior to the slope detector because
a. it is less sensitive to phase modulation
b. it is less sensitive to noise spikes
c. it is less sensitive to interference causing AM
d. Both B and C
ans: d
One implementation of a pulse-averaging discriminator is
a. a free-running multivibrator
b. a crystal-controlled oscillator
c. a quartz crystal filter
d. a triggered multivibrator
ans: d
A 10% increase in the frequency of a constant-width pulse train should cause w
hat change in its average value?
a. -10%
b. -1%
c. +1%
d. +10%
ans: d
Two different signals can be coherent if they
a. have the same amplitude
b. are both sine waves of different frequencies
c. originate in the same physical equipment simultaneously
d. have the same frequency
ans: d
A quadrature detector requires that
a. four gates be provided
b. the inputs are coherent
c. the inputs are incoherent
d. the inputs are identical
ans: b
In a phase-locked loop, the VCO is the abbreviation for

a. Variable coherent output

b. VHF communication oscillator
c. Voltage-controlled oscillator
d. Vien-count oscillator (neutralized)
ans: c
Identify an advantage , or advantages, of a properly designed FM system.
a. Relative immunity to atmospheric noise (lightning)
b. Reduced bandwidth required
c. No noise of any kind
d. The noise figure is inversely proportional to the modulation index.
ans: a
The output of a balanced modulator
a. LSB and USB
b. LSB
c. USB
d. Carrier
ans: a
If the modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to 1, the transmitted
power is
a. unchanged
b. halved
c. doubled
d. increased by 50%
ans: d
Which of the following is not a baseband signal of modulation?
a. Audio signal
b. Video signal
c. RF carrier
d. Binary coded pulses
ans: c
If the unmodulated level peak carrier amplitude is doubled in and AM signal, t
he percent modulation is ___________.
a. 20
b. 50
c. 100
d. 200
ans: c
Balanced modulator circuit when inserted in the equipment suppresses the _____
____.
a. carrier
b. upper sideband
c. lower sideband
d. baseband signal
ans: a
The carrier of a 100% modulated AM wave is suppressed, the percentage power sa
ving is _________.
a. 100 %
b. 50 %
c. 83 %
d. 66.66 %
ans: d
If the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the antenna current is also

doubled, the AM system being used is

a. H3E
b. J3E
c. C3F
d. A3E
ans: b
100 % modulation in AM means a corresponding increase in total power by ______
___.
a. 100 %
b. 50 %
c. 75 %
d. 25 %
ans: b
A single-tone amplitude modulated wave has _________.
a. 2 components
b. 3 components
c. 4 components
d. 2n + 1 components
ans: b
A carrier signal has ____________.
a. constant peak amplitude
b. frequency range of 20-20,000 Hz
c. a varying amplitude
d. the information
ans: a
The modulating system is ___________ if the modulating frequency is doubled, t
he modulation index is halved, and the modulating voltage remains constant.
a. amplitude modulation
b. phase modulation
c. frequency modulation
d. pulse modulation
ans: c
What is the modulation index of an FM signal if its modulating frequency is do
ubled?
a. No effect
b. Twice the original index
c. Four times the original index
d. One-half the original index
ans: d
An AM transmitter is rated 1000 W at 100 % modulation. How much power required
for the carrier?
a. 1000 W
b. 666.6 W
c. 333.3 W
d. 866.6 W
ans: b
Standard way of designating AM.
a. A3E
b. B3E
c. AHE
d. C3F
ans: a
-

__________ is the circuit used to detect frequency modulated signal.

a. Discriminator
b. Modulator
c. Modem
d. Detector
ans: a
__________ is an information signal that is sent directly without modulating a
ny carrier.
a. C-band
b. Q-band
c. Baseband
d. Broadband
ans: c
Both frequency and phase modulation utilize __________ modulation.
a. digital
b. phase
c. amplitude
d. angle
ans: d
It is the width of frequencies within the spectrum occupied by a signal and us
ed by the signal for conveying information.
a. Band
b. Bandwidth
c. Electronic spectrum
d. Frequency band
ans: b
Which transmit only one sideband?
a. H3E
b. C3F
c. A3E
d. B8E
ans: a
__________ is a kind of modulation in which the modulated wave is always prese
nt.
a. Carrier modulation
b. Continuous modulation
c. Log-periodic modulation
d. Square-wave modulation
ans: b
A type of modulation in which no signal is present between pulses.
a. Pulse modulation
b. FSK
c. QAM
d. PAM
ans: a
What describes the amount of amplitude change present in an AM waveform?
a. Percent modulation
b. Modulation constant
c. Envelope of modulation
d. Coefficient of modulation
ans: d
__________ is a form of amplitude distortion introduced when the positive and

negative alternations in the AM modulated signals are not equal.

a. Envelope distortion
b. Spurious emission
c. Carrier shift
d. Johnson noise
ans: c
What is the advantage of phase modulation over direct FM frequency modulation?
a. Multipliers can be used
b. The deviation is smaller
c. Simplicity and practicality
d. The oscillator is crystal-controlled
ans: d
If the spectrum is shifted in frequency with no other changes, this is known a
s
a. frequency multiplication
b. sideband movement
c. baseband reorientation
d. frequency translation
ans: d
A device which is capable of causing frequency translation
a. High-Q tank circuit
b. Balanced modulator
c. Low-Q tank circuit
d. 1F strip
ans: b
If the frequency of each component in a signal spectrum is increased
me fixed amount, this is known as
a. modulation
b. frequency translation
c. up conversion
d. both B and C
ans: d
A particular amplifier is designed to be a frequency doubler. If the
nal frequency is 15.4 MHz, a circuit in the output will be tuned to
a. 7.7 MHz
b. 15.4 MHz
c. 30.8 MHz
d. 61.6 MHz
ans: c
A sine wave of 293 MHz is phase-modulated to achieve a maximum phase
of 0.2 radian. After passing through a frequency tripler, the maximum
iation will be
a. 0.2 radian
b. 0.3 radian
c. 0.4 radian
d. 0.6 radian
ans: d
Any device to be used as a frequency multiplier must be
a. active
b. passive
c. linear
d. nonlinear

by the sa

input sig

deviation
phase dev

ans: d
A particular amplifier circuit used for frequency doubling.
a. Push-push
b. Push-pull
c. Pull-push
d. Pull-pull
ans: a
Frequency division is useful in the implementation of a
a. AM demodulator
b. frequency synthesizer
c. AGC circuit
d. FM demodulator
ans: b
Frequency division by 12 will require how many flip-flops in the counter?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 12
ans: b
Identify an electronic device, not specifically designed for the purpose, whic
h can be used as a phase detector.
a. Wien bridge
b. Colpitts oscillator
c. Balanced modulator
d. Butterworth filter
ans: c
A particular frequency synthesizer contains only a single crystal. What words
describe this synthesizer?
a. Crystal modulated
b. Inexact
c. Indirect
d. Deficient
ans: c
A recognizable feature of a CW transmitter is
a. Keyed transmitter
b. Power amplification
c. Frequency generation
d. All of these
ans: d
The term "pulling" refers to
a. the change of the crystal oscillator frequency by loading
b. one half-cycle operation of a push-pull amplifier
c. loading on the transmitter caused by the antenna connection
d. reduction of the power supply terminal voltage as the transmitter is keyed.
ans: a
When frequency modulation is achieved by initial phase modulation, this is cal
led
a. angular modulation
b. direct FM
c. indirect FM
d. indirect synthesis

ans: c
A disadvantage of direct FM is the need for
a. AGC
b. AFC
c. a frequency synthesizer
d. phase modulation
ans: b
Direct FM can be achieved by
a. a reactance tube modulator
b. a varactor diode
c. an AGC circuit
d. both A and B
ans: d
A receiver in which all RF amplifier stages require manual tuning to the desir
ed RF is called
a. superheterodyne
b. autodyne
c. TRF
d. AFC
ans: c
Why is it often necessary to precede the demodulator by amplifier stages in a
receiver?
a. To improve fidelity
b. To reduce receiver noise
c. To eliminate image response
d. To amplify weak antenna signals
ans: d
A serious disadvantage of the TRF receiver
a. Bandwidth variations over the tuning range
b. The weight and cost
c. The requirements for a closely regulated power supply
d. The requirements for a half-wave antenna
ans: a
Identify which is not a part of a superheterodyne receiver.
a. Local oscillator
b. Modulator
c. IF amplifier
d. Demodulator
ans: b
Which major element will not be found in every superheterodyne receiver?
a. R-F amplifier
b. Mixer
c. Local oscillator
d. IF amplifier
ans: a
Which major element of a superheterodyne receiver must be nonlinear?
a. R-F amplifier
b. Mixer
c. Local oscillator
d. IF amplifier
ans: b
-

The change of the modulated carrier frequency from the original RF to the I-F
of the superheterodyne receiver is known as
a. frequency multiplication
b. frequency allocation
c. frequency substitution
d. frequency translation
ans: d
The key to achieving receiver sensitivity is the reduction of
a. image response
b. mixer harmonic products
c. spurious frequency response
d. internal noise
ans: d
Which of the following receiver design objectives is not impossible?
a. Elimination of galactic noise
b. Elimination of atmospheric noise
c. Elimination of man-made noise
d. Reduction of receiver internal noise
ans: d
In comparing the S/N ratio for the input to the receiver with the S/N ratio fo
r the output, the latter is
a. smaller
b. the same
c. greater
d. infinite
ans: a
The characteristic of a receiver that specifies the self-generated noise.
a. Noise immunity
b. Noise factor
c. Noise figure
d. Noise margin
ans: c
An FM receiver with an I-F of 10.7 MHz is tuned to 98.7 MHz. What is the numer
ical value of the image frequency?
a. 77.3 MHz
b. 88.0 MHz
c. 109.4 MHz
d. 120.1 MHz
ans: d
A source of RF interference exists at 109.9 MHz. For which frequency in the FM
broadcast band will this be the image frequency?
a. 21.4 MHz
b. 88.5 MHz
c. 99.2 MHz
d. 110.7 MHz
ans: b
The ratio of the superheterodyne receiver response at the desired carrier freq
uency to that at the image frequency is called
a. the sensitivity
b. the selectivity
c. the image frequency
d. the image rejection ratio
ans: d

The core of an IF transformer usually contains

a. teflon
b. computer nylon
c. powdered iron
d. laminated steel
ans: c
Shape factor is a measure of
a. bandwidth
b. skirt steepness
c. coupling coefficient
d. critical coupling
ans: b
__________ is the function which tends to maintain the sound volume level of a
voice receiver nearly constant for a large signal strength range.
a. Squelch
b. Muting
c. AGC
d. AFC
ans: c
The function which tends to silence the receiver in the absence of transmitted
carrier
a. Squelch
b. Muting
c. AGC
d. AFC
ans: a
What device is incorporated in a communications receiver to reduce impulse noi
se?
a. Front-end processor
b. Squelch circuit
c. AGC
d. Noise blanker
ans: d
What type of signal in which a receiver selectivity of 2.4 kHz in the I-F circ
uitry is optimum?
a. FM voice
b. Double-sideband AM voice
c. FSK data
d. SSB voice
ans: d
If the input to a detector stage is an amplitude-modulated (A3E) IF signal the
n the output from the stage is
a. a lower frequency carrier
b. the audio voice information
c. a morse-code signal
d. the upper or lower set of sidebands
ans: b
In a capacitive type, reactance-tube modulator connected across in oscillator
tuned circuit, a more negative voltage on the grid of the reactance tube will ca
use
a. an increase of the oscillator frequency
b. a decrease of oscillator frequency

c. an increase of the reactance-tube capacitance

d. an increase of the reactance tube, ac plate current
ans: a
The limiting condition for sensitivity in a communications receiver is
a. the noise floor of the receiver
b. the power-supply output ripple
c. the two-tone intermodulation distortion
d. the input impedance to the detector
ans: a
When a communications receiver is tuned to a strong signal, the AGC bias is me
asured and found to be zero. The fault cannot be caused by a/an
a. defective IF stage
b. defective local oscillator
c. defective RF stage
d. open circuit in the AGC's filter capacitor
ans: d
The term used to refer to the condition where the signals from a very strong s
tation are superimposed on other signals being received.
a. Cross-modulation interference
b. Intermodulation interference
c. Receiver quieting
d. Capture effect
ans: a
The limiter stage of an FM receiver.
a. behaves as a low-pass filter
b. limits the amplitude of the IF signal to the required level
c. behaves as a high-pass filter
d. behaves as a bandstop filter
ans: b
Motorboating (low-frequency oscillations) in an amplifier can be stopped by
a. grounding the screen grid
b. connecting a capacitor between the B+ and lead ground
c. by passing the screen grid resistor with a 0.1 uF capacitor
d. grounding the plate
ans: b
An effect in which, the modulation of an unwanted signal is transferred to the
desired carrier
a. Crossmodulation
b. intermodulation
c. Modulation mixing
d. Image-channel interference
ans: a
Leads should be kept as short as possible in radio circuit so that
a. skin effect is reduced
b. there is less hysteresis effect
c. there is less dielectric loss
d. stray coupling is minimized
ans: d
The number of voice transmissions that can be packed into a given frequency ba
nd for amplitude-compandored single-sideband systems over conventional FM-phone
systems.
a. 2

b. 8
c. 16
d. 4
ans: d
Neutralization of an RF amplifier stage can be necessary in order to
a. increase the amplifier's gain
b. prevent the generation of spurious oscillations
c. reduce the amplifier's gain
d. reduce the level of the output harmonics
ans: b
The ability of a communications receiver to perform well in the presence of st
rong signals outside the band of interest is indicated by what parameter?
a. Blocking dynamic range
b. Noise figure
c. Signal-to-noise ratio
d. Audio output
ans: a
Stages that are common to both AM and FM receivers.
a. tuner, local oscillator, detector, AF amplifier
b. RF amplifier, mixer, IF amplifier, AF amplifier
c. local oscillator, RF amplifier, frequency discriminator, detector
d. tuner, IF amp, detector, AF amp
ans: b
Occurs during CW reception if too narrow a filter bandwidth is used in the IF
stage of a receiver
a. Filter ringing
b. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage
c. Output-offset overshoot
d. Cross-modulation distortion
ans: a
What stage mainly determines a communication receiver's sensitivity?
a. IF amplifier
b. Mixer stage
c. Detector stage
d. RF amplifier
ans: a
What is the main advantage of FM over AM?
a. Better signal-to-noise ratio
b. Narrower bandwidth
c. Greater propagation range
d. Total freedom from adjacent-channel interference
ans: a
An amplitude modulation created in an amplifier before the final RF stage.
a. Low-level modulation
b. High-level modulation
c. Direct modulation
d. Indirect modulation
ans: a
Receiver desensitizing can be reduced by
a. increasing the transmitter audio gain
b. decreasing the receiver squelch gain
c. increasing the receiver bandwidth

d. ensuring good RF shielding between the transmitter

ans: d
In a narrow-band FM system, the deviation ratio is commonly one and the highes
t audio frequency is generally limited to
a. 300 Hz
b. 10,000 Hz
c. 3,000 Hz
d. 7,500 Hz
ans: c
A type of emission is produced when an amplitude modulated transmitter is modu
lated by a facsimile signal.
a. A3F
b. F3F
c. A3C
d. F3C
ans: c
Where is the noise generated which primarily determines the signal to noise ra
tio in a VHF (150 MHz) marine band receiver?
a. In the detector
b. In the atmosphere
c. In the ionosphere
d. In the receiver front end
ans: d
Cross-modulation in a receiver can be reduced by
a. installing a filter at the receiver
b. using a filter at the receiver
c. increasing the receiver's RF gain while decreasing the AF
d. adjusting the pass-band tuning
ans: a
What is the emission designation for FM telephony?
a. F3E
b. G3E
c. J3E
d. H3E
ans: a
What is the cause of receiver desensitizing?
a. The presence of a strong signal on a nearby frequency
b. Audio gain adjusted too low
c. Squelch gain adjusted too high
d. Squelch gain adjusted too low
ans: a
In a phase-modulated signal (indirect FM), the frequency deviation is directly
proportional to the
a. carrier amplitude only
b. amplitude of the modulating tone and frequency of the carrier
c. carrier frequency only
d. modulating signal amplitude only
ans: b
An RF stage precedes the mixer stage in a superhet receiver. One advantage of
including this RF stage is
a. better selectivity
b. better rejection ratio

c. greater sensitivity
d. improved signal-to-noise ratio
ans: b
Two factors that determine the sensitivity of a receiver.
a. Dynamic range and third-order intercept
b. Cost and availability
c. Bandwidth and noise figure
d. Intermodulation distortion and dynamic range
ans: c
What is an undesirable effect of using too-wide a filter bandwidth in the IF s
ection of a receiver?
a. Undesired signals will reach the audio stage
b. Output-offset overshoot
c. Thermal-noise distortion
d. Filter ringing
ans: a
A system containing a limiter stage, a discriminator, and a de-emphasis circui
t?
a. Direct FM transmitter
b. Indirect FM transmitter
c. Single sideband AM receiver
d. FM receiver
ans: d
The limiter stage of an FM receiver
a. prevents any amplitude modulation of the IF signal
b. limits the amount of frequency deviation in the IF signal
c. limits the overall bandwidth of the IF stages
d. corrects any deviation in carrier frequency
ans: a
High selectivity occurs when the degree of coupling between a receiver's RF st
ages is
a. tight
b. loose
c. critical
d. adjusted for maximum power transfer
ans: b
A carrier is phase modulated by a test tone. If the amplitude and the frequenc
y of the tone are both doubled, the amount of the deviation is
a. doubled
b. unchanged
c. halved
d. multiplied by four
ans: d
The degree of selectivity desirable in the IF circuitry of a single-sideband r
eceiver.
a. 1 kHz
b. 2.4 kHz
c. 4.2 kHz
d. 4.8 kHz
ans: b
The base in an RF amplifier is grounded in order to
a. avoid the requirement of neutralizing the stage

b. raise the input impedance

c. lower the output impedance
d. obtain maximum power output
ans: a
The AM detector performs two basic functions in the receiver.
a. Rectifies and filters
b. Amplifiers and filters
c. Buffer and amplifier
d. Buffer and detector
ans: a
A varactor diode can be used in a/an
a. direct FM modulator circuit
b. AFC circuit in a direct FM transmitter
c. phase-modulator circuit
d. all of these
ans: d
Receiver interference is not reduced by including a/an
a. crystal filter
b. insulating enclosures around the receiver
c. wave trap
d. RF stage
ans: b
What is the emission C3F?
a. RTTY
b. SSB
c. Television
d. Modulated CW
ans: c
What is the approximate dc input power to a class AB RF power amplifier stage
in an unmodulated carrier transmitter when the PEP output is 500 W?
a. Approximately 1000 W
b. Approximately 800 W
c. Approximately 250 W
d. Approximately 600 W
ans: a
Which of the following stages in an FM receiver is responsible for drastically
reducing the effect of static noise during the reception of a signal?
a. De-emphasis circuit
b. Mixer stage
c. Squelch circuit
d. Limiter stage
ans: d
The letters "SSSC" stand for
a. single sideband, single carrier
b. suppressed sideband, single channel
c. suppressed sideband, single carrier
d. single sideband, suppressed carrier
ans: d
For many types of voices, what is the ratio of PEP-to-average power during a m
odulation peak in a single-sideband phone signal?
a. Approximately 1.0 to 1
b. Approximately 25 to 1

c. Approximately 100 to 1
d. Approximately 2.5 to 1
ans: d
In most mixers, the oscillator frequency is ______ than the carrier frequency
of he input signal.
a. higher
b. lower
c. the same
d. 10 kHz above
ans: a
Features of a transmitter's buffer stage include
a. high gain
b. harmonic generation
c. improvement in frequency stability of the oscillator
d. low input impedance
ans: c
Type of emission produced when an amplitude modulated transmitter is modulated
by a television signal.
a. F3F
b. A3C
c. F3C
d. A3F
ans: d
A pi-network is
a. a network consisting entirely of four inductors or four capacitors
b. a power incidence network
c. an antenna matching network that is isolated from ground
d. a network consisting of one inductor and two capacitors
ans: d
How is a G3E FM-phone signals produced?
a. A network consisting modulator on the audio amplifier
b. With a reactance modulator on the final amplifier
c. With a reactance modulator on the oscillator
d. With a balanced modulator on the oscillator
ans: c
A way of eliminating auto interference to radio reception
a. Installing resistive spark plugs
b. Installing capacitive spark plugs
c. Installing resistors in series with the spark plugs
d. Installing two copper-braid ground strips
ans: a
The carrier in an AM transmitter is the
a. transmitter's output signal when the modulation is zero
b. transmitter's output signal when the modulation is present
c. output signal from the crystal oscillator
d. RMS value of the AM signal
ans: a
What stage feeds the discriminator of an FM receiver?
a. Local oscillator
b. Mixer stage
c. Final IF amplifier, which also acts as a limiter stage
d. Buffer

ans: c
In an FM receiver, the stage that has the IF signal as input and the audio sig
nal as output.
a. Limiter
b. Audio amplifier
c. IF amplifier
d. Discriminator
ans: d
What is capture effect?
a. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an FM receiver
b. The loudest signal received is the only demodulated signal
c. All signals on a frequency are demodulated by an AM receiver
d. The weakest signal received is the only demodulated signal
ans: b
A double-sideband phone signal can be generated by
a. feeding a phase-modulated signal into a low-pass filter
b. modulating the plate voltage of a class-C amplifier
c. using a balanced modulator followed by a filter
d. detuning a Hartley oscillator
ans: b
Pre-emphasis is used in FM transmitters to improve the signal-to-noise ratio o
f
a. high modulating frequencies
b. low modulating frequencies
c. all modulating frequencies
d. frequency carrier
ans: a
The result of cross-modulation is that
a. the modulation of an unwanted signal is heard on the desired signal
b. a decrease in modulation level of transmitted signals
c. a receiver quieting
d. of inverting sidebands in the final stage of the amplifier
ans: a
Which of the following contains de-emphasis circuit?
a. FM transmitter
b. FM receiver
c. VHF transmitter
d. VHF receiver
ans: b
What is emission F3F?
a. AM
b. Facsimile
c. Television
d. RTTY
ans: c
What type of emission is produced when a frequency modulated transmitter is mo
dulated by a facsimile signal?
a. F3C
b. A3C
c. F3F
d. A3F
ans: a

Two AM transmitting antennas are close together. As a result the two modulated
signals are mixed in the final RF stage of both transmitters. What is the resul
tant effect on the other station?
a. Harmonic interference
b. Intermodulation interference
c. Spurious interference
d. Crossmodulation interference
ans: b
The term used to refer to the reduction of receiver gain caused by the signal
or a nearby station transmitter in the same frequency band?
a. Quieting
b. Cross-modulation interference
c. Squelch gain rollback
d. Desensitizing
ans: d
What is the bandwidth occupied by the carrier, both sidebands and harmonics?
a. Authorized bandwidth
b. Bandwidth of emission and occupied bandwidth
c. Operating bandwidth
d. All of these
ans: b
A class-C RF amplifier is collector amplitude modulated and its average dc lev
el collector current does not change. This means
a. a normal condition
b. excessive drive to the base
c. insufficient drive to the base
d. insufficient audio modulation
ans: a
What determines the percentage modulation of an FM transmitter?
a. Amplitude of the carrier
b. Modulating frequency
c. Carrier frequency
d. Amplitude of the modulating signal
ans: d
Deviation ratio of an FM transmitter is the ratio of the
a. maximum frequency swing to the highest modulating frequency
b. operating frequency of the assigned frequency
c. frequency swing to the modulating frequency
d. highest modulating frequency to the minimum frequency
ans: a
The main purpose of the beat frequency oscillator (BFO) is to generate
a. a 1 kHz not for morse reception
b. aid in the reception of weak voice-modulated signals
c. an output, whose frequency differs from the IF by 1 kHz
d. a signal, whose frequency is the same as the intermediate frequency
ans: c
Normally, a linear class B RF power amplifier operates with a bias approximate
ly equal to
a. twice cut-off
b. ten times cut-off value
c. 50 % of cut-off value
d. projected cut-off

ans: d
The purpose why an RF amplifier is operated under linear class-B conditions (a
s opposed to class-C) is to
a. generate only even harmonics
b. generate only odd harmonics
c. increase the efficiency
d. amplify an AM signal
ans: d
The term used to refer to the condition where the signal from a very strong st
ation are superimposed on other signal being received.
a. Cross-modulation interference
b. Intermodulation distortion
c. Receiver quieting
d. Capture effect
ans: a
__________ is the amplitude of the maximum negative excursion of a signal as v
iewed on an oscilloscope.
a. Peak-to-peak voltage
b. Inverse peak positive voltage
c. RMS voltage
d. Peak negative voltage
ans: d
The type of emission that suffer most from selective fading.
a. CW and SSB
b. SSB and TV
c. FM and double sideband AM
d. SSTV and CW
ans: c
In an FM-phone signal, _______ is the ratio between the actual frequency devia
tion to the maximum frequency deviation.
a. FM compressibility
b. modulation index
c. percentage of modulation
d. quieting index
ans: c
__________ is used to refer to the reception blockage of one FM-phone signal b
y another FM-phone signal.
a. Capture effect
b. Desensitization
c. Cross-modulation interference
d. Frequency discrimination
ans: a
A receiver selectivity of 10 kHz in the IF circuitry is optimum for what type
of signals?
a. SSB voice
b. Facsimile
c. FM
d. Double-sideband AM
ans: d
If the envelope of modulation is constant in amplitude this means
a. zero beat
b. under-modulation

c. zero-modulation
d. over-modulation
ans: c
What is the approximate bandwidth of an FM with a modulation factor of 12.5 an
d a modulating frequency of 10 kHz?
a. 20 kHz
b. 270 kHz
c. 250 kHz
d. 45 kHz
ans: b
Amplitude modulation is the same as
a. linear mixing
b. analog multiplication
c. signal summation
d. multiplexing
ans: a
The negative half of the AM wave is supplied by a/an _________ in a diode modu
lator.
a. the tuned circuit
b. transformer
c. capacitor
d. inductor
ans: a
One of the following can produce AM.
a. Having the carrier vary a resistance
b. Having the modulating signal vary a capacitance
c. Varying the carrier frequency
d. Varying the gain of an amplifier
ans: a
Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with the modulating signa
l by passing it through an attenuator network is the principle of
a. rectification
b. amplification
c. variable resistance
d. absorption
ans: c
Which component is used to produce AM at very high frequencies?
a. Varactor diode
b. Thermistor
c. Cavity resonator
d. PIN diode
ans: d
A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V. What is the peak-to-peak a
mplitude of the modulating signal for 100 percent modulation?
a. 24 V
b. 48 V
c. 96 V
d. 120 V
ans: c
What circuit recovers the original modulating information from an AM signal?
a. Modulator
b. Demodulator

c. Mixer
d. Crystal set
ans: b
What is most commonly used amplitude demodulator?
a. Envelope detector
b. Balanced modulator
c. Mixer
d. Crystal set
ans: a
What circuit generates the upper and lower sidebands and suppresses the carrie
r?
a. Amplitude moderator
b. Diode detector
c. Class C amplifier
d. Balanced modulator
ans: d
_________ is a widely used balanced modulator.
a. Diode bridge circuit
b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
c. Lattice modulator
d. Balanced bridge modulator
ans: c
In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like
a. variable resistors
b. switches
c. rectifiers
d. variable capacitors
ans: b
The output of a balanced modulator is
a. AM
b. FM
c. SSB
d. DSB
ans: d
The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC balanced modulator is a
a. Differential amplifier
b. Rectifier
c. Bridge
d. Constant current source
ans: a
The most commonly used filter in SSB generators uses
a. LC networks
b. Mechanical resonators
c. Crystals
d. RC networks and op amps
ans: c
In the phasing method of SSB generation, one sideband is canceled out due to
a. phase shifting
b. sharp selectivity
c. carrier suppression
d. phase inversion
ans: a

A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB signal is called a/an

a. transponder
b. product detector
c. converter
d. remodulator
ans: b
Frequency translation is done with a circuit called a
a. summer
b. multiplier
c. divider
d. mixer
ans: d
Mixing for frequency conversion is the same as
a. Rectification
b. AM
c. linear summing
d. filtering
ans: c
Which of the following is not a major advantage of FM over AM?
a. Greater efficiency
b. Noise immunity
c. Capture effect
d. Lower complexity and cost
ans: d
The primary disadvantage of FM is its
a. higher cost and complexity
b. excessive use of spectrum space
c. noise susceptibility
d. lower efficiency
ans: b
Noise is primarily
a. high-frequency spikes
b. low-frequency variations
c. random level shifts
d. random frequency variations
ans: a
The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise is the
a. modulator
b. demodulator
c. limiter
d. low-pass filter
ans: c
The AM signals generated at a low level may only be amplified by what type of
amplifier?
a. Class A
b. Class B
c. Class C
d. All of these
ans: c
SSB means
a. Single sideband with suppressed carrier

b. Single sideband with carrier

c. Double sideband with no carrier
d. Single sideband with reduced carrier
ans: a
A circuit used to select the desired output from a mixer
a. Transformer
b. Resonant circuit
c. Filter
d. Phase-shift circuit
ans: c
What is the output of a balanced modulator?
a. AM
b. DSB
c. SSB
d. ISB
ans: b
The acronym SSSC refer to
a. Suppressed sideband, single carrier
b. Suppressed sideband, suppressed carrier
c. Single sideband, suppressed carrier
d. Single sideband, single carrier
ans: c
Which process occurs in the receiver?
a. Demodulation
b. Reception
c. Modulation
d. Recreation
ans: a
What is usually used to demodulate SSB or CW signal?
a. PLL
b. BFO
c. Ratio detector
d. All of these
ans: b
Which of the following is the most widely used amplitude modulator?
a. Diode detector
b. PLL circuit
c. VCO
d. All of these
ans: a
Which of the following is the most widely used balanced modulator?
a. Full-wave bridge circuit
b. Balanced bridge modulator
c. Lattice modulator
d. None of these
ans: c