Cell Division Exercise

1. The genetic component of our skin cell is the same as the genetic component of
___________________.
I. the zygote
II. The egg
III. The sperm
IV. The red blood cell
2. Mitosis is important in all the following processes except ___________.
I.
Elongation of the shoot apex
II.
Elongation of the roots
III.
Increase in diameter of the plant
IV. Formation of the ovule
3. The following are all examples of regeneration except
I.
The yeast forming new cells
II.
The lizard growing a new tail
III.
The star fish forming a new arm
IV. The planaria growing a new part of its body
4. Give two reasons why mitotic cell division is important in living organism.
i.

____________________________________________________________

ii.

____________________________________________________________

5. Describe the process that takes place during the S phase.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. What is cytokinesis?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. How does a normal cell change into a cancerous cell?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

8. State two differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.

i.

_______________________________________________________________

ii.

_______________________________________________________________

Answer

Give two reason why mitotic cell division is important in living organism
Distributing an exact copy of each of their chromosomes to the new cells
For normal growth, development and maintenance

Describe the process that takes place during the S phase.

Synthesis of DNA occurs during the S phase. The DNA in the nucleus undergoes replication. Each
duplicated chromosome now consists of the two identical sister chromatids which contain identical
copies of chromosomes DNA molecule

3.

What is cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, occurs towards the end of telophase.

4.

How does a normal cell change into a cancerous cell?

When a cell divides through mitosis repeatedly, without control and regulation, it produce cancerous
cells
1.
State two differences between meiosis I and meiosis II.
Meiosis 1
During prophase I, homologous chromosomes
pair up and crossing over between non-sister
chromatids occurs.
During metaphase I, homologous
chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
(equator) of the cell
During anaphase I, homologous
chromosomes separate and move to opposite
poles. Sister chromtids are still attached
together and move as a unit.
At the end of telophase I, two haploid
daughter cells are formed. Each daughter cell
has only one of each type of chromosomes;
either the paternal or the maternal
chromosome

Meiosis 11
During prophase II, synapsis of
homologous chromosomes and
crossing over between non-sister
chromatids does not take place
During metaphase II, chromosomes
align at the metaphase plate (equator)
of the cell.
During anaphase II, sister chromatids
separate, becoming daughter
chromosomes that move to the
opposite poles.
At the end of telophase II, four haploid
daughter cells are formed. Each
daughter cell has the same number of
chromosomes as the haploid cell
produced in meiosis I, but each cell
has only one of the sister chromatids.