Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Representations
Digital Video Special Effects
Fall 2006
Analog-to-Digital (A-D)
Conversion
Sampling
Quantization
Coding
Sampling procedure
x[ nT ] =
x ( t ) f (t nT )dt
Simple sampling
Reconstruction: Discrete to
Analog
x (t ) =
x ( nT )sinc
n =
( t nT )
Quantization -- Digitization
Nonlinear quantization
Vector quantization
Examples
Sampling Rate Quantization
(KHz)
level (bits)
Bit Rate
(Kbps)
Telephone 8
64
AM Radio 16
16
256
FM Radio 22.05
16
352.8
CD Stereo 44.1
16
1411.2
DAT
48
16
1536
DVD
(Stereo)
192
24
9216
Speech Signals
Properties
MIDI
Color images
Sampling, quantization
Graphics Format
Computer Graphics
Computer animation
Computer Generated Images (CGI)
Photo-realistic rendering
Subsampling in Video
Y:C1:C2 -- 4:2:2
Video Quality
Videoconferencing quality
Super-CIF:
Data Compression
Lossless Compression
Lossy Compression
Compression Ratio
Compression ratio
original data size
------------------------- :
compressed data size