Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

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review for chapter 18 in regular chemistry

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Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Explain how the concentrations of A, B, C, and D change from the time when A and B are first combined to
the point of equilibrium. A + B -> C + D
The concentrations of A, B, C, and D change because initially, the concentrations of C and D are zero
and A and B are at max. As A and B are used up, the concentrations change,
a)
Write a general expression for an equilibrium constant.
[C]x[D]y / [A]n[B]m
b)
What info is provided by K ?
The equilibrium constant for a specific temperature
In general, what reaction is favored if the value of K is
a)
Equal to one? -> neither
b)
Very small? -> Reverse
c)
Very large? -> forward
Forward or reverse reaction for the following pressure changes?
a)
Increased pressure -> Forward
b)
Decreased pressure -> Reverse
In heterogeneous reactions, what types of substances do not appear in the equilibrium expression? Why?
Pure liquids and solids because in an equilibrium expression, they are not affected by changes in
pressure and are always a value of one.
Explain the effect of a catalyst on an equilibrium system.
Catalysts speed up the process but neither favors a forward or reverse change.
Predict the effect of each for the equation:
H2(g) + Cl2(g) > 2HCl(g) + 184 kJ
a)
Addition of Cl2 -> forward
b)
Removal of HCL -> forward
c)
Increased pressure -> forward
d)
Decreased temperature ->forward
e)
Removal of H2 -> reverse
f)
Decreased pressure -> reverse
g)
Addition of a catalyst -> no effect
h)
Increased temperature -> reverse
i)
Decreased system volume -> reverse
How would A-I affect [HCl] and K value?
a) [HCl] = increase; K = same
b) [HCl] = decrease; K = same
c)
[HCl] = same; K= same
d)
[HCl] = increase; K= increase
e)
[HCl] = decrease; K= same
f)
[HCl] = same; K= same
g)
[HCl] = same; K= same
h)
[HCl] = decrease; K= decrease
Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

i)

[HCl] = same; K= no effect

Changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products have no impact on the value of K . Why?
Such changes have an equal effect on the numerator and denominator of the chemical equilibrium
expression. So, all concentrations give the same value for K .
What relative (high or low) pressure would result in the production of the maximum level of CO2 in this
equation?
2CO(g) + O2(g) > 2CO2(g)
High because the higher the pressure, the more the molecules collide, producing the max of products
available.
A combustion reaction proceeding in air under standard pressure is transferred to an atmosphere of pure
oxygen under the same pressure.
a)
What do you observe? -> It would proceed at a faster rate.
b)
How can you account for this? -> Because of the increase in [O2].
What two factors determine the extent to which reacting ions are removed from solution?
The solubility of the compound formed and, if the compound is soluble, on the degree of ionization.
Identify three conditions under which ionic reactions can run to completion.
Formation of a gas -> H2CO3(aq) -> H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Formation of a precipitate
Formation of a slightly ionized product
Determine the value of each equilibrium constant.
a)
[A]= 2, [B]= 3, [C]= 4
answer: .67
b)
[A]= 1.5, [B]2= 2, [C]= 1.8, [D]3= 1.2

answer: .52

The value of K for the rxn below is 40.0. What would be the value of that constant for the reverse
reaction under the same conditions?
K = .25
If M = 0.015mol/L for H2 + I2 2HI and K = 54.34, what is the [HI]?
Get [HI] by itself. So, multiply 0.015x0.015 for the reactants and then multiply that with K. Square
root that and your answer is [HI] = 0.111mol/L

Le Chatelier s Principle
When a system at equilibrium is disturbed by application of a stress, it attains new equilibrium
position that minimizes the stress. A stress is typically a change in concentration, pressure or temperature.
NB: Exothermic reactions move forward
Endothermic favor reverse
Cooling shift to the right; heating shifts to left
Common Ion Effect
*The adding of an ion common to 2 solutes produces a precipitate that reduces ionization.
Vocabulary
3

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Reversible Reaction is a chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants
Chemical equilibrium is a reversible chemical equation when the rate of its forward reaction equals the rate of
its reverse reaction and the concentrations of its products and reactants remain unchanged.

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

Chemistry Study Guide 3 - Chapter 18

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