StudentNo.

_______________________

BarkerCollege

2003

TRIAL
HIGHERSCHOOL
CERTIFICATE

Biology

ANSWERSHEET
AMTUESDAY12AUGUST

StaffInvolved:
VBE*
MEB
RSH

RDF
TER

120copies

SectionAMultipleChoice
Choosethebestresponseandfillintheresponseovalcompletely
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_

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

BarkerCollege

2003

TRIAL
HIGHERSCHOOL
CERTIFICATE

Biology
StaffInvolved:
VBE*
MEB
RSH
RDF
TER

120copies

AMTUESDAY12AUGUST

Totalmarks100
GeneralInstructions

SectionI

Totalmarks(86)

Readingtime5minutes

Workingtime3hours

Writeusingblueorblackpen

Pages216

Therearetwopartstothissection,PartA
andPartB

PARTA
15marks
Boardapprovedcalculatorsmaybe AttemptQuestions115
Allowabout30minutesforthispart
used

Drawdiagramsusingpencil

WriteyourBarkerStudent
Numberonallanswerpages
submitted

PARTB
60marks
AttemptQuestions1628
Allowabout1hourand45minutesforthis
part
Pages1720

SectionII

25marks
AttemptQuestion29
Allowabout45minutesforthissection

SectionI
Totalmarks86
PartA
15marks
AttemptQuestions115
Allowabout30minutesforthispart
Usethemultiplechoiceanswersheet

SelectthealternativeA,B,CorDthatbestanswersthequestion.Fillintheresponseoval
completely.
Sample

2+4=

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Ifyouthinkyouhavemadeamistake,putacrossthroughtheincorrectanswerandfillinthe
newanswer.

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Ifyouchangeyourmindandhavecrossedoutwhatyouconsidertobethecorrectanswer,
thenindicatethisbywritingthewordcorrectanddrawinganarrowasfollows.
correct

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

________________________________________________________________________________

1.

2
Whichofthefollowinggraphsbestshowstherelationshipbetweenexternal
temperatureandbodytemperatureforanendothermandanectotherm?

2.

Whatisthepurposeofthemechanismsofhomeostasis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

3.

Whichcelltypeisrepresentedinthesequenceofeventsillustratedbelow?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.

Themaintenanceofequalnutrientsupplytoalltissues.
Theexcretionoftoxicwasteproducts.
Themaintenanceofastablecellularenvironment.
Themaintenanceofaconstantconcentrationofallbloodconstituents.

aTlymphocyte
aBlymphocyte
aphagocyte
anantibody

Whichofthefollowingconditionscouldbetreatedwithantibiotics?
Condition

Cause

(A)

DownSyndrome

additionalchromosome

(B)

Rubella

virus

(C)

Pneumonia

bacteria

(D)

BSE

prion
3

5.

Inwhichofthefollowingwayswillapersonacquirelonglasting

naturalimmunitytoaparticularantigen?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
6.

Whentheyreceiveasmallamountofvaccinebyinjection.
Whentheyaregivenantibodiesproducedbyanothermammal.
Whentheyrespondtotheantigenbymakingantibodies.
Whentheyreceiveantibodiesasababyduringsuckling.

Refertothediagrambelow

Whichlettersindicatethenormalnegativefeedbackcontrolofbodytemperature?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
7.

Inthenormalkidneyofahuman,whichofthefollowingsubstanceswouldnotbe
foundintheBowman'scapsule?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

8.

WandY
WandZ
XandY
XandZ

glucose
haemoglobin
water
urea

Manypopulationsofinsectpestshavedevelopedresistancetochemicalpesticides.
Whatdoesthisindicateabouttheireffectivenessinthecontrolofinsects?
(A) Pesticidescausemutationsininsects.
(B) Completecontrolofinsectpestsbychemicalmeansaloneisunlikelytobeachieved.

(C) Completecontrolofinsectpestsbychemicalmeanswilltakealongtime.
(D) Theapplicationofchemicalpesticidesshouldcease.
4

9.

Whatistheincubationperiodforadisease?
(A) Theperiodoftimethatcultureplatesareleftinanincubatortodevelopcoloniesof
organisms.
(B) Theperiodoftimebetweenthefirstsignsofthediseaseandthebodyovercoming
thedisease.
(C) Theperiodbetweeninfectionbyapathogenandthefirstsymptoms.
(D) Theperiodbetweenthethefirstsignsofinfectionandthefirstsymptoms.

10.

Thefossilrecordisanincompleterecordoflifeinthepast.InwhatwayisAchaeopteryx
animportanttransitionfossilintheunderstandingofevolutionarychange?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

11.

Plantscannotmoveawayfromextremesoftemperature.Whichofthefollowing
mechanismsmaybeemployedbyplantsinresponsetoalargeincreaseintemperature?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

12.

Increasetherateofphotosynthesis.
Openstomatestoallowforheatloss.
Closestomatestoallowforwaterconservation.
Openstomatestoallowforwaterconservation.

Whichofthefollowingadaptationswoulddecreasethechanceofsurvivalforamammal
livinginanextremelycoldhabitat?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

13.

Itprovidesevidencefortheancestryofamphibiansfromfish.
Itprovidesevidencefortheevolutionofreptilesfrombirds.
Itprovidesevidenceforthecommonancestryofbirdsandreptiles.
Itprovidesevidencefortheancestryofthepentadactyllimb.

lowsurfacearea:volumeratio
Beingpartlyaquatic.
Dilationofskinbloodvessels.
Migration.

Whichofthefollowingtechniqueswouldbeappropriatetomeasuretheextentofthe
evolutionaryrelationshiptwodifferentorganisms?
(A) Identifyingfossilsthataretransitionalbetweenthetwoorganisms.

(B) SamplingDNAandidentifyingsimilaritiesbetweentheanimalslisted.
(C) Comparingtheanatomicalfeaturesofeachanimal.
(D) Comparingtheembryosofeachanimal.

14.

Refertothediagramshownbelow:

Whichofthefollowingscientistspioneeredthisprocedure?
(A) RonaldRoss
(B) LouisPasteur

(C) RobertKoch
(D) MacFarlaneBurnet

15.

Epidemiologyisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweentheincidenceofdiseaseand
itspossiblecauses.
Whichofthefollowingincludesessentialfeaturesofanepidemiologicalstudy?
(A) Carefulexperimentaldesign,datacollectionfromasample,
statisticalanalysisofthedata.
(B) Carefulexperimentaldesign,datacollectionfromalargesample,
statisticalanalysisofthedata.
(C) Carefulexperimentaldesign,datacollectionfromalargesample,
statisticalanalysisofthedata,identificationofatreatment.
(D) Carefulexperimentaldesign,datacollectionfromasample,
statisticalanalysisofthedata,identificationofthecauseofthedisease.

StudentNo.____________________________
SectionI(continued)
PartB60marks
AttemptQuestions1628
Allowabout1hourand45minutesforthispart
Answerthequestionsinthespacesprovided.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Question16(2marks)
Refertothehaemoglobindissociationcurveshownbelowtoanswerthefollowing.

Marks

(a)

Thepartialpressureofoxygeninanactivelyrespiringmuscleisabout2kPa.
Statethepercentagesaturationofhaemoglobininthecapillariesofsuchamuscle.

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(b)

Identifyacurrenttechnologythatallowsthemeasurementofoxygenorcarbon
dixoideconcentrationsinblood.

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StudentNo.____________________________

Question17(6marks)
(a)

Normalvenouspressureinthefeetisabout25mmHg.Whenapersonstands
completelystill,thebloodpressureinthefeetrisesveryquicklytoabout90mmHg.
Applyyourunderstandingofthestructureandfunctionofbloodvesselstoexplain
thissituation.
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Marks

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(b)

Thechemicalcompositionofthebloodchangessignificantlyasittravelsaround
thebody.Describethemainchangesinconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheblood
andidentifythetissuesinwhichthesechangesoccur.

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Question18(4marks)
(a)

Inatransplantpatient,outlinewhyatransplantedkidneyfromtheiridenticaltwin
ismorelikelytosurvivethanakidneyfromanunrelatedindividual.

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(b)

Vaccinationsarefrequentlyusedtopreventinfection.Explainthewayinwhich
vaccinationsareusedtopreventthespreadandoccurrenceofanamedinfectious
disease.

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StudentNo.____________________________

Marks
Question19(4marks)
Thetablebelowshowstherelativeconcentrationsofanumberofsubstancesinnormal
blood,bloodplasmafromsomeonesufferingrenalfailureandindialysingfluidusedina
kidneydialysismachine.

Substance
glucose

100

100

125

26

200

sodiumions

142

142

133

chlorideions

107

107

105

80

80

urea

plasmaproteins

(a)

Relativeconcentrationin
normalblood
bloodplasma
dialysing
plasma
inrenalfailure
fluid

Whichofthesubstanceswillbeabletodiffusethroughthedialysismembrane?

.......................................................................................................................................

(b)

Inwhichdirectionwilleachofthesesubstancesdiffuse?

.......................................................................................................................................

(c)

Explainwhythedialysingfluidhasnourea.
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StudentNo.____________________________
Marks
Question20(6marks)
(a)

Distinguishbetweenconvergentanddivergentevolution,usingexamplesofeach.

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(b)

BlackcockatoosfromWesternAustraliashowmarkeddifferencesintheirbeak
structureandfoodpreferencetobirdsfoundintheeasternregions.

(i)

Namethetheorythatcouldaccountforthesedifferencesinthetwopopulations.

............................................................................................................................
(ii)

Outlinethemechanisminvolvedinthistheory.

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10

StudentNo.____________________________
Marks
Question21(7marks)
Inthecourseofyourstudiesyouhavecarriedoutafirsthandinvestigationtoidentify
microbesinfoodandwater.
Justifytheprocedureyoufollowedforoneofyourinvestigationsandthevalidityofthe
datayoucollected.

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11

StudentNo.____________________________
Marks
Question22(6marks)
Manylivingcellscontaintheenzymecatalasewhichcatalysesthebreakdownofhydrogen
peroxidetowaterandoxygen.

2H2 O2

catalase

2H 2 O + O2

Thegraphbelowshowstheresultofanexperimentcarriedoutat

withafixedamount
ofhydrogenperoxideandaconstantpH,usinggreencabbageextractasasourceofcatalase.

(a)

Definethetermenzyme.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

(b)

Identifythevariableintheexperiment.
.......................................................................................................................................

(c)

ExplaintheshapeofthegraphbetweenpointsXandY.

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Question22continuesonpage13

12
Question22(continued)

StudentNo.____________________________

Marks

(d)

Assumethecatalaseinthisexperimenthasanoptimumtemperatureof

Onthepairofaxesprovidedbelow,drawacurvetopredictthevolumeof

collected

perminute,iftheexperimenthadbeencarriedoutat

(e)

Catalaseisanintracellularenzyme,mostactiveinthepHrangeof6.57.5
DescribewhatwouldhappentotheactivityofthecatalaseifthepHrangeofits
environmentwasoutsidethisrange.

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EndofQuestion22

13

StudentNo.____________________________
Question23(4marks)
Identifyanamednoninfectiousdiseaseanddiscussitscause,symptoms,occurrenceand
treatmentormanagement.
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Question24(6marks)
Inordertoinvadeahuman,aninfectiousparticlemustovercomebothspecificand
nonspecificdefences.
Describethebody'sresponsetoaninitialviralinfectionandexplainhowthisreducesthe
chanceofsufferingfromthediseaseagain.
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StudentNo.____________________________
Marks

Question25(3marks)
(a)

Outlinethehistoricaldevelopmentofourunderstandingofthecauseofmalaria.

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(b)

Identify,andbrieflydescribe,amethodforthepreventionofmalaria.
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Question26(5marks)
Mammaliankidneysareveryefficientatproducingurineofvaryingconcentrationsdepending
onrequirements.Thetablebelowgivestherelativelengthsofnephrontubulesandmaximum
urineconcentrationsinthekidneysofanumberofdifferentmammals.

Mammal
Rat
Pig
Human
Kangaroorat
AnimalX

Relativetubule
length
5.2
1.3
2.6
7.8
9.8

Maximumurineconcentration
(arbitraryunits)
300
110
140
550
940

(a)

Describeandexplaintherelationshipbetweenurineconcentrationandtherelative
lengthofthenephrontubule.

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(b)

ProposethenaturalhabitatofAnimalX.Justifyyourchoice.

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15

StudentNo.____________________________
Marks
Question27(3marks)
IdentifyareasonforquarantineproceduresinAustraliaanddiscusstheeffectivenessof
suchproceduresusinganamedexample.
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Question28(4marks)
Australiahasagreatdiversityofhabitats,manyofwhichhavesignificantdailyandseasonal
temperaturechanges.
DescribeandcomparetheadaptationsofTWOnamedAustralianexamplesthatassistthem
intemperatureregulation.

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16

StudentNo.____________________________
SectionII
25marks
AttemptQuestion29
Allowabout45minutesforthissection
Answerthequestionsinthespacesprovided.
_________________________________________________________________________________

Marks

Question29Communication(25marks)
(a)

(i)

Refertothediagrambelow.

1. LabelthestructuresX,YandZ.

2. Describeinwhichdirectionanerveimpulsewilltravel.

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3. Outlinehowamessagepassesfromoneneuronetoanother.

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Question29continuesonpage18

17
Question29(continued)

StudentNo.____________________________

Marks
(ii)

Thediagrambelowrepresentsanactionpotentialinthemembraneofanerve.

DescribewhatishappeninginthemembraneofthenerveatpointsA,BandC.

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(b)

Outlineanexampleoftouch,tasteandsmellasaformofcommunicationinanamed
animal(s)otherthanhuman.
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Question29continuesonpage19

18
Question29(continued)

StudentNo.____________________________
Marks

(c)

(i)

Thesequenceofeventsinastimulusreponsemechanismcanbemodelledas:

Applythismodeltoanexampleofastimulusresponsemechanisminananimal.

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(ii)

Explainhowthismechanismassistsinthesurvivaloftheanimal.

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(d)

SoldiersfightinginIraqoftenworeredgoggleswheninbrightlightbeforegoinginto
dimlylitareas.Applyyourunderstandingofthefunctioningofrodcellstoexplain
thereasonforthis.
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Question29continuesonpage20

19
Question29(continued)

StudentNo.____________________________
Marks

(e)

Describethefollowingstructuresofthemammalianearandoutlinehowtheirstructure
relatestotheirfunction.
(i)

tympanicmembrane:...........................................................................................
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(ii)

earossicles:......................................................................................................
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(i)

organofCorti:..................................................................................................
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(f)

Outlinethestructuresofthelarynxthatassistintheproductionofsound.
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EndofPaper

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