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Modied natural rubber latex having relatively high resistance to thermo-oxidative ageing was
prepared from in situ polymerization of lignin related compounds in the presence of styrene and
lignosulfonate salt. High tensile strength retention of the modied rubber latex lms on ageing were
shown to be attainable by addition of appropriate lignin related compounds in the modication
reaction. Molecular weight and gel content determination indicated that the simultaneous effect
of rubber degradation as a side effect of modication was negligible in the batches comprising
ferulic acid and coumaric acid. The viability of the modied rubber in the use as technological
rubber latex products which requires higher resistance to oxidative ageing was assessed.
Key words: modied natural rubber; thermo-oxidative; polymerization; lignin; styrene;
lignosulfonate salt; tensile strength; molecular weight; gel content
*Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, P.O. Box 10150, 50908 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
**Department of Material Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata,
940-2188 Japan
# Corresponding author (e-mail: asrul@lgm.gov.my)
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In the present study, lignin related compounds, consisting of coumaric acid, ferulic
acid and cinnamaldehyde were utilised to attain
improvement in the inherent properties of NR
latex. Together with styrene, these compounds
were polymerised in situ in the presence
of lignosulfonate in NR latex. Physical
properties and molecular weight changes
as the effects of modication were evaluated.
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COPYRIGHT MALAYSIAN RUBBER BOARD
Asrul, M. et al.: Modied NR Latex via in situ Polymerization of Lignin Related Compound
TABLE 1. MODIFICATION BATCHES WITH DIFFERENT LIGNIN RELATED COMPOUNDS
Ingredients added (g)
HA latex
Lignosulfonate
Ferulic acid
Coumaric acid
Cinnamaldehyde
Styrene
Control batch
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
3.00
3.00
23.33
12.48
3.00
19.70
12.48
3.00
26.90
12.48
FT-IR Analysis
Molecular Weight and Gel Content
91
Asrul, M. et al.: Modied NR Latex via in situ Polymerization of Lignin Related Compound
Tensile Properties
The tensile properties are shown in
Table 3. In general, the modulus at 300%
and 500% elongation were fairly similar
for all the unaged samples. The modied
rubber containing coumaric acid exhibited
higher tensile strength in comparison to the
control. While the modied rubber comprising
Mw/106
Mn/105
Mw/Mn
Control
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
52.32
48.69
51.08
23.91
2.28
2.54
2.45
1.97
6.03
7.29
7.54
4.58
3.78
3.48
3.24
4.30
Sample
Unaged
Control
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Aged (70C/22 h)
Control
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Tensile Stress
at Max Load
(MPa)
Modulus at
300%
(MPa)
Modulus at
500%
(MPa)
1.89 0.28
1.24 0.10
2.30 0.40
1.03 0.17
0.37 0.03
0.34 0.04
0.40 0.10
0.31 0.03
0.47 0.04
0.53 0.05
0.60 0.05
0.40 0.03
1.64 0.56
1.38 0.82
3.83 1.26
0.74 0.14
0.31 0.02
0.33 0.04
0.32 0.04
0.31 0.04
0.36 0.02
0.47 0.05
0.47 0.05
0.45 0.04
93
Modulus at
500%
(MPa)
2.01 0.35
1.92 0.52
2.74 0.42
ND
0.45 0.07
0.49 0.04
0.52 0.03
ND
Aged (70C/22 h)
Control
(HAb latex lm)
Batch 1a
(HA mixed with ferulic acid)
Batch 2a
(HA mixed with coumaric acid)
Batch 3a
(HA mixed with cinnamaldehyde)
1.50 0.48
1.60 0.80
2.02 0.32
ND
0.36 0.02
0.48 0.05
0.46 0.07
ND
Sample
Unaged
Control
Batch 1a
Batch 2a
Batch 3a
Average of ve readings
HA: High ammonia
ND: not detectable (samples coagulated)
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Asrul, M. et al.: Modied NR Latex via in situ Polymerization of Lignin Related Compound
CONCLUSION
95
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
1. SUGIMOTO, I. (2000) Biodegradable
Plastic Product Made from Coconut Husk
Fiber Powder Mixture. U.S. Patent No.
6083621.
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