Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning outcomes
Importance
Key terms
Cementation, ccm, is a measure of the shear strength of a soil from forces that
cement the particles.
Soil tension, ct, is a measure of the apparent shear strength of a soil from soil suction
(negative pore-water pressures or capillary stresses).
Cohesion, co, is a measure of the intermolecular forces.
Key terms
Undrained shear strength, su, is the shear strength of a soil when sheared at constant
volume.
Apparent cohesion, C, is the apparent shear strength at zero normal effective stress.
Critical state is a stress state reached in a soil when continuous shearing occurs at
constant shear stress to normal effective stress ratio and constant volume.
Dilation is a measure of the change in volume of a soil when the soil is distorted by
shearing.
Simple
Tresca
Critical
state
f (n ) f tan p (n ) f tan cs p
cs
cs is a constant for a given soil and is a fundamental soil property; p is not a constant for a given soil
normal effective stress and the ability of the soil to dilate.
it depends on the
WHAT IS DILATANCY?
10
ISSUES
USE
11
f n
tan cs p ,
f ccm n
f tan o
12
13
Friction angle
1 f 3 f
sin
OB
2
OA 1 f 3
(1 ) f (3 ) f
(1 ) (3 ) f
2 4 2
14
(n ) f
1 3 1 3
sin
2
2
1 3
cos
2
15
MC FAILURE CRITERION
Uncemented soils
at critical state
3
sincs = 1
1 3 cs
cs
1 3
cos cs
2
At peak state
3
sinp = 1
1 3 p
3
p = 1
cosp
2
MC FAILURE CRITERION
1 3
2C coto + 1 3
1
f = C tan o 1 1 sin o 3 1 sin o
2
Shear stress
16
Normal effective
stress, n
17
ISSUES
USE
18
19
TRESCAS MODEL
Soil fails when the shear stress is one-half the principal stress difference
(1 ) f (3 ) f
2
(1 ) f (3 ) f
2
20
TRESCAS MODEL
21
ISSUES
USE
22
23
24
d f z d z d z
Simplification:
d
f z
z
d
Critical state:
d z
0.
d
f tan cs ; tan cs
z
cs
Peak:
tan cs tan p
z
p
25
USE
26
Failure criteria
Failure occurs by
impending, frictional
sliding on a slip plane.
Mohr
Coulomb
Failure occurs by
Rigid, frictional
impending, frictional
material
sliding on the plane of
maximum principal
effective stress obliquity.
Tresca
Soil treated as
Rigid, frictional
material
Test data
interpretation*
Direct shear
27
Peak
p (n ) f tan (cs p ) ( n ) f tan p
Critical state
cs (n ) f tan cs
MohrCoulomb
3
sin p 1
1 3 p
(3 ) p 1 sin p
tan 2 45 p
(1 ) p 1 sin p
2
1 3
Cemented soils: sino
2C coto + 1 3
3
sin cs 1
1 3 cs
(3 )cs 1 sin cs
tan 2 45 cs
(1 )cs 1 sin cs
2
C co ct ccm
Inclination of the failure plane to the plane on which
the major principal effective stress acts.
Inclination of the failure plane to the plane
p
p =45o +
2
acts. cs 45o cs
2
Tresca
( su ) p
1 3 p
2
( su )cs
1 3 cs
2
28
29
su (kPa(
su (psf)
< 10
10-25
25 50
50 100
100 200
> 200
<200
200 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 4000
> 4000
30
Quiz 1
Which failure criterion (model) is best suited to analyze
the potential failure of the soil mass shown?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mohr-Coulomb
Coulomb
Tresca
None of the above
Dense sand
31
Quiz 2
The critical state friction angle of a soil is 30 degrees.
If the normal effective stress imposed by a building is
100 kPa, the shear stress (kPa) to cause failure is most
nearly
1.
2.
3.
4.
86.6
100
50
57.7
32
Quiz 3
The critical state friction angle of a soil is 30 degrees.
The ratio of the major principal effective stress to the
minor principal effective stress to cause failure is most
nearly
1.
2.
3.
4.
0.5
1
2
3
33
34
35
36
KEY POINTS
37
KEY POINTS
38
KEY POINTS