The Science of Interstellar

2/18/2015
Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Interstellar(film)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Interstellarisa2014epicsciencefictionfilm
directedbyChristopherNolan,starringMatthew
McConaughey,AnneHathaway,JessicaChastain
andMichaelCaine.Thefilmfeaturesacrewof
astronautswhotravelthroughawormholeinsearch
ofanewhomeforhumanity.BrothersChristopher
andJonathanNolanwrotethescreenplay,merginga
scriptJonathandevelopedin2007withChristopher's
ideas.ChristopherNolanproducedthefilmwithhis
wife,EmmaThomas,andLyndaObst.Theoretical
physicistKipThorne,whoseworkinspiredthefilm,
actedasscientificconsultantandexecutiveproducer.
WarnerBros.,ParamountPictures,andLegendary
Picturescofinancedthefilm,whileSyncopyand
LyndaObstProductionsservedasproduction
companies.CinematographerHoytevanHoytema
shotthefilmonanamorphic35mmandIMAX70
mmphotography.Filmingcommencedinlate2013
inAlberta,CanadaIcelandandLosAngeles.The
filmfeaturesanextensiveuseofpracticaland
miniatureeffects,whileDoubleNegativecreated
additionaldigitaleffects.
InterstellarpremieredonOctober26,2014,inLos
Angeles.InNorthAmerica,itwasreleasedinfilm
stocktotheatersstillequippedtoprojecttheformat
beforeexpandingtovenuesusingdigitalprojectors.
Itwassuccessfulattheboxofficeandreceived
positivereviewsfromcritics,whogaveparticular
attentiontothefilm'sscientificaccuracy,musical
scoreandvisualeffects.Atthe87thAcademy
Awards,thefilmreceivedfivenominationsBest
OriginalScore,BestSoundMixing,BestSound
Editing,BestVisualEffectsandBestProduction
Design,aswellasseveralotherawardsand
nominationsparticularlyforitsvisualeffects,
cinematography,musicalscore,andMackenzieFoy's
performance.
Interstellar
Theatricalreleaseposter
Directedby
Producedby
LyndaObst
Writtenby
3Production
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_%28film%29
JonathanNolan
ChristopherNolan
Starring
MatthewMcConaughey
AnneHathaway
JessicaChastain
BillIrwin
EllenBurstyn
MichaelCaine
Musicby
HansZimmer
Cinematography HoytevanHoytema
Production
companies
LeeSmith
LegendaryPictures
Syncopy
LyndaObstProductions
1Plot
2Cast
EmmaThomas
ChristopherNolan
Editedby
Contents
ChristopherNolan
Distributedby
ParamountPictures
(NorthAmerica)
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3.1Developmentandfinancing
WarnerBros.Pictures
3.2Writing
(International)
3.3Casting
Releasedates
October26,2014
3.4Filming
(TCLChineseTheatre)
3.5Productiondesign
November5,2014
(NorthAmerica)
3.6Sounddesignandmusic
November7,2014
3.7Visualeffects
4Influences
5Scientificaccuracy
6Marketing
(UnitedKingdom)
Runningtime
182minutes(Rerelease)
Country
7Release
7.1Theatricalrun
7.2Boxoffice
7.2.1NorthAmerica
7.2.2Otherterritories
169minutes[1]
UnitedKingdom[2]
UnitedStates[2]
Language
English
Budget
$165million[3]
Boxoffice
$671.9million[3]
7.3Criticalresponse
7.4Homevideo
8Accolades
9Sequel
10Seealso
11Notes
12References
13Furtherreading
14Externallinks
Plot
Inthefuture,cropblighthascausedcivilizationtoregressintoafailingagrariansociety.FormerNASA
pilotCooper(MatthewMcConaughey)runsafarmwithhisfamily.Murphy(MackenzieFoy),Cooper's
10yearolddaughter,believesherroomishauntedbyaghosttryingtocommunicatewithher.They
discoveranIndiandroneandthe"ghost"isanunknownintelligencesendingcodedmessagesusing
gravitationalwaves,leavingbinarycoordinatesinthedustthatdirectthemtoasecretNASAinstallation
ledbyProfessorJohnBrand(MichaelCaine).Brandrevealsthatawormhole,apparentlycreatedbyan
alienintelligence,leadstonewplanetsthatmayofferhopeforsurvival.NASA's"Lazarusmissions"
haveidentifiedthreepotentiallyhabitableworldsorbitingtheblackholeGargantua:Miller,Edmunds,
andMann,namedaftertheastronautswhosurveyedthem.BrandrecruitsCoopertopilotthespacecraft
Endurancetorecovertheastronauts'dataifoneoftheplanetsishabitable,humanitywillfollowon
spacestations.Cooper'sdeparturedevastatesMurphy,andtheypartonbadterms.
OnEndurance,CooperjoinsBrand'sdaughter,biotechnologistAmelia(AnneHathaway)scientists
Romilly(DavidGyasi)andDoyle(WesBentley)androbotsTARSandCASE.Theyenterthe
wormholeandheadtoMiller,butdiscovertheplanetissoclosetoGargantuathatitexperiencessevere
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gravitationaltimedilation:eachhouronthesurfaceissevenyearsonEarth.Ateamdescendstothe
planet,whichprovesinhospitableasitiscoveredbyashallowoceanroiledbyenormoustidalwaves.As
AmeliaattemptstorecoverMiller'sdata,awavehits,killingDoyleanddelayingtheshuttle'sdeparture.
WhentheothersreturntoEndurance,23yearshavepassed.
OnEarth,theadultMurphy(JessicaChastain)isnowaNASAscientisthelpingBrandwithanequation
thatwillenableNASAtolaunchthespacestationsviagravity.Withhislastbreath,Brandadmitshe
alreadysolvedtheproblemanddeterminedtheprojectisimpossible.Heconcealedhisfindingstokeep
hopealiveandputhisfaithin"PlanB":usingfrozenembryosaboardtheEndurancetostarthumanity
anew.However,MurphyconcludesthatBrand'sequationcouldworkwithadditionaldatafromablack
hole'ssingularity.
Lowonfuel,EndurancecanonlyvisitonemoreplanetbeforereturningtoEarth.Afteratensevote,the
teamselectsMann'splanet,asMannisstilltransmitting.However,theydiscoveritisicyand
inhospitableMann(MattDamon)alwaysknewPlanBwasthemission'struegoal,andfakeddataabout
hisplanet'sviabilitysoEndurancewouldrescuehim.MannbreaksCooper'sspacesuitvisorandleaves
himtodie,andfleestoEnduranceonashuttleRomillyiskilledbyabombMannsettoprotecthis
secret.AmeliarescuesCooperusingtheothercargoshuttle,andtheyarriveatEnduranceintimeto
witnessManndockingimproperly.Theairlockexplodes,killingMannandcausingseriousdamage,but
CooperusesthecargoshuttletogetEnduranceundercontrol.
Nearlyoutoffuel,CooperandAmeliaplantoslingshotEndurancearoundGargantuaonacourse
towardEdmundswhileyearspassonEarth.TARSandCooperdetachtheirshuttlesintotheblackhole,
sacrificingthemselvestocollectdataonthesingularityandtopropelAmeliabydroppingtheship's
mass.Theyemergeinanextradimensional"tesseract",wheretimeappearsasaspatialdimensionand
portalsshowglimpsesofMurphy'schildhoodbedroomatvarioustimes.Cooperrealizesthatthe
wormhole'screatorsarefuturehumanstranscendingtimeandspace,whohaveconstructedthisspaceso
hecancommunicatewithMurphyasher"ghost"andsavehumanity.Usinggravitationalwaves,Cooper
encodesTARS'sdataonthesingularityintotheadultMurphy'swatch,allowinghertosolveBrand's
equationandevacuateEarth.CooperawakensaboardaNASAspacestationandreuniteswiththenow
elderlyMurphy(EllenBurstyn),whohasledhumanity'sexodus.MurphyconvincesCoopertosearchfor
Amelia,whoisimplementingPlanBonEdmunds'splanet.
Cast
Astronautcrew
MatthewMcConaugheyasCooper
AnneHathawayasAmeliaBrand
DavidGyasiasRomilly
WesBentleyasDoyle
BillIrwinasthevoiceoftherobotTARS
JoshStewartasthevoiceoftherobotCASE
OnEarth
JessicaChastainasMurphy"Murph"Cooper
MackenzieFoyasyoungMurphy
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EllenBurstynaselderlyMurphy
MichaelCaineasProfessorJohnBrand
CaseyAffleckasTomCooper
TimotheChalametasyoungTom
JohnLithgowasDonald
LeahCairnsasLoisCooper
TopherGraceasGetty[4]
DavidOyelowoasSchoolprincipal
WilliamDevaneasWilliams
ElyesGabelastheAdministrator
ColletteWolfeasMs.Hanley
Inspace
MattDamonasDr.Mann[5]
Production
ChristopherNolandirector,producer,writer
JonathanNolanwriter
EmmaThomasproducer
LyndaObstproducer
HoytevanHoytemacinematographer
NathanCrowleyproductiondesigner
MaryZophrescostumedesigner
LeeSmitheditor
HansZimmermusiccomposer
PaulFranklinvisualeffectssupervisor
KipThorneconsultant,executiveproducer
Developmentandfinancing
ThepremiseforInterstellarwasconceivedbyfilmproducerLyndaObstandtheoreticalphysicistKip
Thorne,whocollaboratedonthe1997filmContactandhadknowneachothersinceCarlSaganonceset
themuponablinddate.[6][7]BasedonThorne'swork,thetwoconceivedascenarioabout"themost
exoticeventsintheuniversesuddenlybecomingaccessibletohumans",andattractedfilmmakerSteven
Spielberg'sinterestindirecting.[8]ThefilmbegandevelopmentinJune2006,whenSpielbergand
ParamountPicturesannouncedplansforasciencefictionfilmbasedonaneightpagetreatmentwritten
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byObstandThorne.Obstwasattachedtoproducethefilm,whichVarietysaidwould"takeseveral
yearstocometogether"beforeSpielbergdirectedit.[9][10]ByMarch2007,JonathanNolanwashiredto
writeascreenplayforthefilm,titledInterstellar.[11]
SpielbergmovedhisproductioncompanyDreamWorksin2009fromParamounttoTheWaltDisney
Company,andParamountneededanewdirectorforInterstellar.JonathanNolanrecommendedhis
brotherChristopher,whojoinedtheprojectin2012.[12]ChristopherNolanmetwithKipThorne,then
attachedasexecutiveproducer,todiscusstheuseofspacetimeinthestory.[13]InJanuary2013,
ParamountandWarnerBros.announcedthatChristopherNolanwasinnegotiationstodirect
Interstellar.[14]Nolansaidhewantedtoencouragethegoalofhumanspaceflight.[15]Heintendedto
writeascreenplaybasedonhisownideathathewouldmergewithhisbrother'sscreenplay.[16]Bythe
followingMarch,NolanwasconfirmedtodirectInterstellar,whichwouldbeproducedunderhislabel
SyncopyandLyndaObstProductions.[17]TheHollywoodReportersaidNolanwillearnasalaryof
$20millionagainst20%ofwhatInterstellargrosses.[18]Toresearchforthefilm,NolanvisitedNASA
aswellastheprivatespaceprogramSpaceX.[13]
ThoughParamountandWarnerBros.aretraditionallyrivalstudios,WarnerBros.,whoreleasedNolan's
BatmanfilmsandworkswithNolan'sSyncopy,soughtastakeinNolan'sproductionofInterstellarfor
Paramount.WarnerBros.agreedtogiveParamountitsrightstocofinancethenextfilmintheFriday
the13thhorrorfranchiseandtohaveastakeinafuturefilmbasedontheTVseriesSouthPark.Warner
Bros.alsoagreedtoletParamountcofinance"atobedeterminedAlistWarnersproperty".[19]In
August2013,LegendaryPicturesfinalizedanagreementwithWarnerBros.tofinanceapproximately25
percentofthefilm'sproduction.Althoughitfailedtorenewitseightyearproductionpartnershipwith
WarnerBros.,LegendaryreportedlyagreedtoforegofinancingforBatmanvSuperman:Dawnof
JusticeinexchangeforthestakeinInterstellar.[20]
Writing
ScreenwriterJonathanNolanwashiredbySpielbergtowriteascriptforInterstellar,andheworkedon
itforfouryears.[6]Tolearnthescience,hestudiedrelativityattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology
whilewritingthescript.[21]JonathansaidhewaspessimisticabouttheSpaceShuttleprogramending
andhowNASAlackedfinancingforamannedmissiontoMars.Thescreenwriterfoundinspirationin
sciencefictionfilmswithapocalypticthemes,suchasWALLE(2008)andAvatar(2009).Entertainment
Weeklyhascommented:"Hesetthestoryinadystopianfutureravagedbyblightbutpopulatedwith
hardyfolkwhorefusetobowtodespair."[12]Jonathan'sbrother,directorChristopherNolan,hadworked
onothersciencefictionscriptsbutdecidedtotaketheInterstellarscriptandchooseamongstthevast
arrayofideaspresentedbyJonathanandKipThorne,pickingwhathefeltheasadirectorcouldget
"acrosstotheaudienceandhopefullynotlosethem",beforehemergeditwithascripthehadbeen
workingonforyearsonhisown.[22][23]ChristopherkeptinplaceJonathan'sconceptionofthefirsthour,
whichissetonaresourcedepletedEarthinthenearfuture.ThesettingwasinspiredbytheDustBowl
thattookplaceintheUnitedStatesduringtheGreatDepressioninthe1930s.Christopherinstead
revisedtherestofthescript,inwhichateamtravelsintospace.[6]Afterwatchingthe2012documentary
TheDustBowlforinspiration,ChristophercontacteddirectorKenBurnsandproducerDaytonDuncan,
requestingpermissiontousesomeoftheirfeaturedinterviewsinInterstellar.[24]
Casting
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DirectorChristopherNolansaidhebecameinterestedincastingMatthewMcConaugheyafterseeing
himinanearlycutofthe2012filmMud,[25]whichhehadanopportunitytoseesincehewasfriends
withoneofitsproducers,AaronRyder.[6]WhileMcConaugheywasinNewOrleans,Louisiana,filming
fortheTVseriesTrueDetective,Nolaninvitedtheactortovisithimathishome.AnneHathawaywas
alsoinvitedtoNolan'shome,whereshereadthescriptforInterstellar.[26]Paramountannouncedin
April2013thatbothactorswerecastinthefilm'sstarringroles.[27]NolancalledMcConaughey's
characteraneverymanwithwhom"theaudiencecouldexperiencethestory".[28]JessicaChastainwas
contactedwhileshewasfilmingMissJulieinNorthernIreland,andascriptwasdeliveredtoher.[26]
MattDamonwascastinlateAugust2013inasupportingroleandfilmedhisscenesinIceland.[5]
Filming
NolanfilmedInterstellarwithanamorphic35mmandIMAXfilmphotography.[4]Cinematographer
HoytevanHoytemawashiredforInterstellar,asWallyPfister,Nolan'scinematographeronallofhis
pastfilms,wasworkingonhisdirectorialdebut,Transcendence.[29]IMAXcameraswereusedfor
InterstellarmorethanforanyofNolan'spreviousfilms.Tominimizetheuseofcomputergenerated
imagery,thedirectorhadpracticallocationsbuilt,suchastheinteriorofaspaceshuttle.[25]Van
HoytemaretooledanIMAXcameratobehandheldforshootinginteriorscenes.[6]Someofthefilm's
sequenceswereshotwithanIMAXcamerainstalledinthenoseconeofaLearjet.[30]
Nolan,whoisknowntokeepdetailsofhisproductionssecret,strovetoensuresecrecyforInterstellar.
TheWallStreetJournalreported:"Thefamouslysecretivefilmmakerhasgonetoextremelengthsto
guardthescriptto...Interstellar,justashedidwiththeblockbusterDarkKnighttrilogy."[31]Asone
securitymeasure,InterstellarwasfilmedunderthenameFlora'sLetter,[32]FlorabeingoneofNolan's
fourchildrenwithproducerEmmaThomas.[13]
Thefilm'sprincipalphotographywasscheduledtolastforfour
months.[5]ItbeganonAugust6,2013,intheprovinceof
Alberta,Canada.[20]TownsinAlbertawherefilmingtookplace
includedNanton,Longview,Lethbridge,andOkotoks.In
Okotoks,filmingtookplaceattheSeamanStadiumandtheOlde
TownPlaza.[32]Foracornfieldscene,productiondesigner
NathanCrowleyplanted500acresofcornthatwouldbe
destroyedinanapocalypticduststormscene,[12]intendedtobe
similartostormsexperiencedduringtheDustBowlin1930s
TheSvnafellsjkullglacierin
UnitedStates.[13]Additionalscenesinvolvingtheduststormand
Icelandwasusedasafilminglocation
McConaughey'scharacterwerealsofilmedinFortMacleod,
forInterstellar,doublingforMann's
wherethegiantdustcloudswerecreatedonlocationusinglarge
planet.
fanstoblowcellulosebasedsyntheticdustthroughtheair.[33]
FilmingintheprovincelasteduntilSeptember9,2013,and
involvedhundredsofextrasaswellasapproximately130crewmembers,mostofthemlocal.[32]
FilmingalsotookplaceinIceland,whereNolanhadpreviouslyfilmedscenesforhis2005filmBatman
Begins.[34]Thecrewtransportedmockspaceshipsweighingapproximately10,000pounds(4,500kg)to
thecountry,[13]whichwaschosentorepresenttwoextraterrestrialplanets:onecoveredinice,andone
coveredinwater.[6]AtwoweekIcelandshootwasscheduled[5]andacrewofapproximately
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350people,including130locals,workedonit.LocationsincludedtheSvnafellsjkullglacierandthe
townofKlaustur.[35][36]WhilefilmingawatersceneinIceland,actressAnneHathawayalmostsuffered
hypothermiabecausethedrysuitshewaswearinghadnotbeenproperlysecured.[13]
AftertheIcelandshoot,thecrewmovedtoLosAngelestofilmfor54days.FilminginCaliforniawas
relativelyunusualsinceCalifornia'staxcreditwasnotavailableforfilmswithabudgetgreaterthan
$75million.FilminglocationsincludedtheWestinBonaventureHotelandSuites,theLosAngeles
ConventionCenter,aSonyPicturessoundstageinCulverCity,andaprivateresidenceinAltadena.[37]
FilmingconcludedinDecember2013,andNolanstartededitingthefilmforitsreleasein2014.[38]
Productioncompletedwithabudgetof$165million,$10millionlessthanwhatwasallottedby
Paramount,WarnerBros.,andLegendaryPictures.[13]
Productiondesign
Interstellarfeaturesthreespacecraft:theRanger,
theEndurance,andtheLander.TheRanger's
functionissimilartotheSpaceShuttle's,being
abletoenterandexitplanetaryatmospheres.The
Endurance,thecrew'smothership,hasacircular
structureformedby12capsules:fourwith
planetarycolonizationequipment,fourwith
engines,andfourwiththepermanentfunctions
ofcockpit,medicallabsandhabitation.
ProductiondesignerNathanCrowleysaidthe
EndurancewasbasedontheInternationalSpace
Station:"It'sarealmishmashofdifferentkinds
oftechnology.Youneedanaloguestuffaswell
TheEndurancespacecraft(left)isbasedonthe
asdigitalstuff,youneedbackupsystemsand
InternationalSpaceStation(right).
tangibleswitches.It'sreallylikeasubmarinein
space.Everyinchofspaceisused,everything
hasapurpose."Lastly,theLandertransportsthecapsuleswithcolonizationequipmenttoplanetary
surfaces.Crowleycompareditto"aheavyRussianhelicopter".[6]
Thefilmalsofeaturestworobots,CASEandTARS.Nolanwantedtoavoidmakingtherobots
anthropomorphicandchoseafivefootquadrilateraldesign.Thedirectorsaid:"Ithasaverycomplicated
designphilosophy.It'sbasedonmathematics.You'vegotfourmainblocksandtheycanbejoinedin
threeways.Soyouhavethreecombinationsyoufollow.Butthenwithinthat,itsubdividesintoafurther
threejoints.Andalltheplacesweseelinesthosecansubdividefurther.Soyoucanunfoldafinger,
essentially,butit'sallproportional."ActorBillIrwinvoicedandphysicallycontrolledbothrobots,but
hisimagewasdigitallyremovedfromthefilmandhisvoicingforCASEwasreplaced.[6]
Sounddesignandmusic
GreggLandakerandGaryRizzoweresoundengineersforthefilm,taskedwithsoundmixing,while
soundeditorRichardKingsupervisedtheprocess.[39]ChristopherNolansaidhesoughttomixthefilm's
soundtotakemaximumadvantageofcurrentsoundequipmentintheaters.[40]Nolanpaidcloseattention
todesigningthesoundmix,forinstancefocusingonwhatbuttonsbeingpressedwithastronautsuit
gloveswouldsoundlike.[12]Thestudio'swebsitesaidthat"ThesoundonInterstellarhasbeenspecially
mixedtomaximizethepowerofthelowendfrequenciesinthemainchannelsaswellasinthe
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subwooferchannel."[41]Nolandeliberatelyintendedsomedialoguetoseemdrownedoutbyambient
noiseormusic,causingsometheaterstopostnoticesemphasisingthatthiseffectwasintentionalandnot
afaultintheirequipment.[42]
ComposerHansZimmer,whoscoredNolan'sBatmanfilmtrilogy&Inception,alsoscoredInterstellar.
ZimmerandNolanstrivedtodevelopauniquesoundforInterstellar.Zimmersaid:"Thetextures,the
music,andthesounds,andthethingwesortofcreatedhassortofseepedintootherpeople'smoviesa
bit,soit'stimetoreinvent.Theendlessstring(ostinatos)needtogobythewayside,thebigdrumsare
probablyinthebin."[43]ZimmeralsosaidthatNolandidnotprovidehimascriptoranyplotdetailsfor
writingmusicforthefilmandinsteadgavethecomposer"onepageoftext"that"hadmoretodowith
[Zimmer's]storythantheplotofthemovie".[44]NolanhasstatedthathesaidtoZimmer:"Iamgoingto
giveyouanenvelopewithaletterinit.Onepage.It'sgoingtotellyouthefableatthecenterofthe
story.Youworkforoneday,thenplaymewhatyouhavewritten",andthatheembracedwhatZimmer
composed.Zimmerconducted45scoringsessionsforInterstellar,whichwasthreetimesmorethanfor
Inception.ThesoundtrackwasreleasedonNovember18,2014.[12]
Visualeffects
ThevisualeffectscompanyDoubleNegative,whichdevelopedeffectsforNolan's2010filmInception,
workedonInterstellar.[45]VisualeffectssupervisorPaulFranklinsaidthenumberofeffectsinthefilm
wasnotmuchgreaterthaninNolan'sTheDarkKnightRisesorInception,butthatforInterstellar,they
createdtheeffectsfirst,sothatdigitalprojectorscouldbeusedtodisplaythembehindtheactors,rather
thanhavingtheactorsperforminfrontofgreenscreens.[6]Ultimatelythefilmcontained850visual
effectshotsataresolutionof5600x4000lines:150shotsthatwerecreatedincamerausingdigital
projectors,andanother700werecreatedinpostproduction.Ofthose,620werepresentedinIMAX,
whiletherestwereanamorphic.[46]
TheRanger,Endurance,andLanderspacecraftwerecreatedusingminiatureeffectsbyproduction
designerNathanCrowleyincollaborationwitheffectscompanyNewDealStudios,asopposedtousing
computergeneratedimagery,asNolanfelttheyofferedthebestwaytogivetheshipsatangible
presenceinspace.Createdthroughacombinationof3Dprintingandhandsculpting,thescalemodels
earnedthenickname"maxatures"bythecrewduetotheirimmensesizethe1/15thscaleminiatureof
theEndurancemodulespannedover7.6m(25feet),whileapyrotechnicmodelofaportionofthecraft
wasbuiltat1/5thscale.TheRangerandLanderminiaturesspanned14m(46feet)andover15m(50
feet),respectively.TheminiatureswerelargeenoughforHoytevanHoytematomountIMAXcameras
directlyontothespacecraft,thusmimickingthelookofNASAIMAXdocumentaries.Themodelswere
thenattachedtoasixaxisgimbalonamotioncontrolsystemthatallowedanoperatortomanipulate
theirmovements,whichwerefilmedagainstbackgroundplatesofspaceusingVistaVisioncamerasona
smallermotioncontrolrig.[47]NewDealStudio'sminiatureswereusedin150specialeffectsshots.[46]
Influences
DirectorChristopherNolansaidinfluencesonInterstellarincludedthe"keytouchstones"ofscience
fictioncinema:Metropolis(1927),2001:ASpaceOdyssey(1968),andBladeRunner(1982).[48]About
2001,Nolansaid:"Themoviesyougrowupwith,thecultureyouabsorbthroughthedecades,become
partofyourexpectationswhilewatchingafilm.Soyoucan'tmakeanyfilminavacuum.We'remaking
asciencefictionfilm...Youcan'tpretend2001doesn'texistwhenyou'remakingInterstellar."Healso
saidthatStarWars(1977)andAlien(1979)influencedInterstellar'
sproductiondesign:"Thosealways
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stuckinmyheadasbeinghowyouneedtoapproachsciencefiction.Ithastofeelusedasusedandas
realastheworldwelivein."[49]AndreiTarkovsky'sTheMirror(1975)influenced"elementalthingsin
thestorytodowithwindanddustandwater".[50]
NolancomparedInterstellartoTheTreasureoftheSierraMadre(1948),asafilmabouthuman
nature.[51]HealsosoughttoemulatefilmslikeStevenSpielberg'sJaws(1975)andCloseEncountersof
theThirdKind(1977).Hestated:"Whenyousayyou'remakingafamilyfilm,ithasallthesepejorative
connotationsthatit'llbesomehowsoft.ButwhenIwasakid,thesewerefamilyfilmsinthebestsense,
andtheywereasedgyandincisiveandchallengingasanythingelseontheblockbusterspectrum.I
wantedtobringthatbackinsomeway."HealsocitedthespacedramaTheRightStuff(1983)asan
exampletofollow,andscreeneditforthecrewbeforeproduction.[6]Toemulatethatfilm,hesoughtto
capturereflectionontheInterstellarastronauts'visors.Forfurtherinspirationgroundedinrealworld
spacetravel,thedirectoralsoinvitedformerastronautMarshaIvinstotheset.[13]Nolanandhiscrew
studiedtheIMAXNASAdocumentariesoffilmmakerToniMyersforvisualreferenceofspacefaring
missions,andsoughttoemulatethelookoftheiruseofIMAXcamerasintheenclosedspacesofa
spacecraftinterior.[52]
ThesettingofthefarmintheMidwestwasinspiredbyClarkKent'supbringinginManofSteel.[53]
Outsideoffilms,NolandrewinspirationfromthearchitectureofLudwigMiesvanderRohe.[13]
Scientificaccuracy
TheoreticalphysicistKipThornewasascientificconsultantfor
thefilm,toensurethedepictionsofwormholesandrelativity
wereasaccurateaspossible."Forthedepictionsofthe
wormholesandtheblackhole,"hesaid,"wediscussedhowtogo
aboutit,andthenIworkedouttheequationsthatwouldenable
tracingoflightraysastheytraveledthroughawormholeor
aroundablackholesowhatyouseeisbasedonEinstein's
generalrelativityequations."[54]
Increatingthewormholeandasupermassiverotatingblackhole
(whichpossessesanergosphere,asopposedtoanonrotating
blackhole),Thornecollaboratedwithvisualeffectssupervisor
PaulFranklinandateamof30computereffectsartistsatDouble
Negative.Thornewouldprovidepagesofdeeplysourced
theoreticalequationstotheartists,whothenwrotenewCGI
renderingsoftwarebasedontheseequationstocreateaccurate
KipThorne,theoreticalphysicist,
computersimulationsofthegravitationallensingcausedbythese
servedasscientificconsultantand
phenomena.Someindividualframestookupto100hoursto
executiveproducerforthefilm.
render,andresultedin800terabytesofdata.Theresultingvisual
effectprovidedThornewithnewinsightintotheeffectsof
gravitationallensingandaccretiondiskssurroundingblackholes,andwillleadtothecreationoftwo
scientificpapers,onefortheastrophysicscommunityandoneforthecomputergraphicscommunity.[55]
ChristopherNolanwasinitiallyconcernedthatascientificallyaccuratedepictionofablackholewould
notbevisuallycomprehensibletoanaudienceandwouldrequiretheeffectsteamtounrealisticallyalter
itsappearance.However,Nolanfoundthefinishedeffecttobeunderstandable,providedthathe
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maintainedconsistentcameraperspectives."Whatwefoundwasaslongaswedidn'tchangethepointof
viewtoomuch,thecameraposition,wecouldgetsomethingveryunderstandable".[56]
Theportrayalofwhatawormholewouldlooklikeisconsideredscientificallycorrect.Ratherthana
twodimensionalholeinspace,itisdepictedasasphere,showingadistortedviewofthetarget
galaxy.[57]TheaccretiondiskoftheblackholewasdescribedbyThorneas"anemicandatlow
temperatureaboutthetemperatureofthesun,"allowingittoemitappreciablelight,butnotenough
gammaandXraystothreatennearbyastronautsandplanets.[58]
Earlyintheprocess,Thornelaid
downtwoguidelines:"First,that
nothingwouldviolateestablished
physicallaws.Second,thatallthe
wildspeculations...wouldspring
fromscienceandnotfromthefertile
mindofascreenwriter."[10]Nolan
acceptedthesetermsaslongasthey
didnotgetinthewayofthemaking
ofthemovie.Atonepoint,Thorne
spenttwoweekstryingtotalkNolan
Computermodelofthesupermassiveblackhole"Gargantua"this
outofanideaaboutacharacter
simulationisapproximatelywhatapersonwouldseeinrealitymade
travelingfasterthanlightbefore
fromequationsofgeneralrelativityforthefilm.
Nolanfinallygaveup.[10][59]
AccordingtoThorne,theelement
whichhasthehighestdegreeofartisticfreedomisthecloudsoficeononeoftheplanetstheyvisit,
whicharestructuresthatprobablygobeyondthematerialstrengththaticewouldbeabletosupport.[10]
AstrobiologistDavidGrinspoonpointsoutthatevenwithavoraciousblightitwouldhavetaken
millionsofyearstodrawdowntheatmosphere'scontentofoxygen.Healsonotesthattheiceclouds
shouldhavebeenpulleddownbygravityandtheplanetorbitingtheblackholehadsunlightinthefilm
whenitshouldnot.[60]However,asThornementionedabove,thiskindofrotatingblackholehasan
accretiondiskthathasatemperaturesimilartothatofthesun,sothattheemissionoflightreachingthe
planetislikelyduetosuchanenergetic/radiatingaccretiondiskofmatterapproachingtheblackhole's
eventhorizon.Additionally,aneutronstarismentionedinthemoviebyCooperaspartofthesystem.
NeildeGrasseTysonhasexploredthesciencebehindtheendingofInterstellar.[61]
Dr.MichioKakupraisedthefilmforitsscientificaccuracyandhassaidInterstellar"couldsetthegold
standardforsciencefictionmoviesforyearstocome."Likewise,TimothyReyes,aformerNASA
softwareengineer,said,"Thorne'sandNolan'saccountingofblackholesandwormholesandtheuseof
gravityisexcellent."[62]
LawrenceKrausshascalledthescienceinInterstellar"miserable",andusedtheblightasan
example.[63]
Marketing
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2/18/2015
TheteasertrailerforInterstellardebutedDecember14,2013andfeaturedclipsrelatedtospace
exploration,accompaniedbyavoiceoverbyMatthewMcConaughey'scharacterofCooper.[64]The
theatricaltrailerdebutedMay5,2014attheLockheedMartinIMAXTheaterandwasmadeavailable
onlinelaterthatmonth.FortheweekendingMay19itwasthemostviewedmovietrailer,withover
19.5millionviewsonYouTube.[65]
ChristopherNolanandMcConaugheymadetheirfirstappearancesatComicConinJuly2014to
promoteInterstellar.Inthesamemonth,ParamountPictureslaunchedacomplexinteractiveInterstellar
website.ItreportedthatonlineusersuncoveredastarchartrelatedtotheApollo11moonlanding.[66]
InOctober2014,ParamountpartneredwithGoogletopromoteInterstellaracrossmultipleplatforms.[67]
Thefilm'swebsitewasrelaunchedtobeadigitalhubhostedonaGoogledomain.[68]Thewebsite
collectedfeedbackfromfilmaudiences,andlinkedtoamobileapp.[68]Theappfeaturedagamein
whichplayerscouldbuildsolarsystemmodelsanduseaflightsimulatorforspacetravel.[69]The
ParamountGooglepartnershipalsoincludedavirtualtimecapsulecompiledwithusergenerated
contenttobeavailablein2015.TheinitiativeGoogleforEducationwillalsousethefilmasabasisfor
promotinglessonplansformathscienceinschoolsaroundtheUnitedStates.[67]
ParamountisprovidingavirtualrealitywalkthroughoftheEndurancespacecraftusingOculusRift
technology.Ithostedthewalkthroughsequentiallyinfourtheaters,inNewYorkCity,Houston,Los
Angeles,andWashington,D.C.,fromOctober6throughNovember19,2014.[70][71]Thepublisher
RunningPressreleasedInterstellar:BeyondTimeandSpace,abookbyMarkCottaVazaboutthe
makingofthefilm,onNovember11,2014.[72]OnNovember7,2014,W.W.Norton&Company
releasedTheScienceofInterstellar,abookbyKipThorne.[73]
OnNovember18,2014WiredreleasedatieinonlinecomictitledAbsoluteZero,writtenbyChristopher
NolananddrawnbySeanGordonMurphy.Thecomicservesasaprequeltothefilmfollowing
Mann.[74]
Release
Theatricalrun
PriortoInterstellar'
spublicrelease,ParamountCEOBradGreyhostedaprivatescreeningon
October19,2014atanIMAXtheaterinLincolnSquare,Manhattan.[75]Paramountthenshowed
Interstellartosomeoftheindustry'sfilmmakersandactorsinafirstlookscreeningattheCalifornia
ScienceCenteronOctober22,2014.[76]Onthefollowingday,thefilmwasscreenedattheTCL
ChineseTheatreinLosAngeles,Californiaforover900membersoftheScreenActorsGuild.Actors
McConaughey,Chastain,andHathawayappearedafterwardforaQ&Asession.[77]Thefilmofficially
premieredonOctober26,2014attheTCLChineseTheatreinLos,Angeles,California.[78]Itpremiered
inEuropeonOctober29,2014atLeicesterSquareinLondon.[79]
InterstellarwasreleasedearlyonNovember4invarious70mmIMAXfilm,70mmfilmand35mmfilm
theatersandhadalimitedreleaseinNorthAmerica(UnitedStatesandCanada)onNovember5,2014
andawidereleaseonNovember7,2014.[80]ThefilmwasreleasedinBelgium,France,andSwitzerland
onNovember5,2014andinadditionalterritoriesinthefollowingdays,includingtheUnitedKingdom
onNovember7,2014.[81]ForthelimitedNorthAmericarelease,Interstellarisprojectedfrom70mm
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and35mmfilmin249theatersthatstillsupportthoseformats,includingatleast4170mmIMAX
theaters.[nb1]A70mmIMAXprojectorwasinstalledattheTCLChineseTheatreinLosAngeles,
Californiatodisplaytheformat.Thefilm'swidereleaseexpandedtotheatersthatshowitdigitally.[82]
ParamountPicturesisdistributingthefilminNorthAmerica,andWarnerBros.willdistributeitinthe
remainingterritories.[4]Thefilmwasexpectedtobereleasedinover770IMAXscreensworldwide,
whichwouldhavebeenthewidestglobalreleaseinIMAX
cinemas.[83][84]However,thefilmwasreleasedtoonly574
IMAXtheatersworldwide.[85]
InterstellarisanexceptiontoParamountPictures'goaltostop
releasingfilmsonfilmstockandtodistributethemonlyin
digitalformat.[86]AccordingtoPamelaMcClintockofThe
HollywoodReporter,theinitiativetoprojectInterstellarfrom
filmwouldhelppreserveanendangeredformat,[82]aninitiative
supportedbyChristopherNolan,J.J.Abrams,Quentin
Tarantino,JuddApatow,PaulThomasAnderson,andother
filmmakers.[87]McClintockreportedthatseveraltheaterowners
sawtheinitiativeas"backward",asnearlyalltheatersinthe
UnitedStateshavebeenconvertedtodigitalprojection.[88]
Boxoffice
TheTCLChineseTheatreinLos
Angeles,Californiahada70mm
IMAXprojectorinstalledtoshow
Interstellar.
AsofFebruary13,2015,Interstellarhasearned$186,959,681in
NorthAmericaand$484,700,000inotherterritoriesfora
worldwidetotalof$671,659,681,againstaproductionbudgetof
$165million.[3]ThefilmsetanIMAXopeningrecordworldwidewith$20.5millionfrom574IMAX
theaters,surpassingthe$17.1millionrecordheldbyTheHungerGames:CatchingFireandisalsothe
bestopeningforanIMAX2D,nonsequelandNovemberIMAXrelease.[85]Thefilmhadaworldwide
openingof$132.6millionwhichisthetenthlargestopeningof2014.[89]Itreachedamilestoneof$200
millionin6days,$300millionin10days,[90]$400millionin17days[91]$500millionin24days[92]
and$600millionin37days.[93]Itisthetenthhighestgrossingfilmof2014.[94]Interstellaristhefourth
filmtogrossover$100millionworldwidefromIMAXticketsales.IttrailsAvatar,TheDarkKnight
RisesandGravityintotalIMAXboxofficerevenue.[95][96][97]
NorthAmerica
InterstellarandBigHero6openedthesameweekend(November79,2014)inNorthAmerica.Both
wereforecasttoearnbetween$55millionand$60million.TheWrapsaidthepairingwas"potentiallya
closerace".ScottMendelsonofForbescalledtheracebetweenthetwofilmsa"tightone"and
comparedittocompetitionsbetweenShrek2andTheDayAfterTomorrowaswellasMonsters
UniversityandWorldWarZ.[98]FandangoreportedthatpresalesforInterstellarwereoutpacing
ChristopherNolan'searlierfilmInception,aswellasDawnofthePlanetoftheApes,releasedearlierin
2014.
InNorthAmerica,thefilmisthe10thhighestgrossingfilmthatneverhit#1,withatoprankof#2its
openingweek.[99]InterstellarhadanearlylimitedreleaseintheUnitedStatesandCanadainselected
theatresonNovember4,2014at8:00pm,coincidingwiththe2014USmidtermelections.[100]Thefilm
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toppedtheboxofficethefollowingdayonWednesdayearning$1.35million(whichincludesitsgross
fromTuesdaynight)from249theatres(42ofwhichwereIMAXscreens)forwhichIMAXaccounted
for62%ofitstotalgross.[101]240ofthosetheatresplayedin35mm,70mm,andIMAX70mmfilm
formats.[102]Thefilmearned$3.6millionfromThursdaylatenightpreviewforapreviewstotalof$4.9
million(TuesdayThursday).[103][104][105]ThefilmwaswidelyreleasedonNovember7andtopped
theboxofficeonitsopeningdayearning$17million(whichincludestheThursdaypreviewhaulbutnot
theTuesdayWednesdaygrosswhichwouldmakeupto$19.15million)aheadofBigHero6($15.8
million).[106]Thefilmplayed52%maleand75%over25yearsold.[107]
Initsopeningweekendthefilmearned$47,510,360[nb2]from3,561theatres($13,342pertheatre)
debutinginsecondplaceafteraneckandneckcompetitionwithDisney'sBigHero6($56.2
million).[109][110][111]IMAXcomprised$13.2million(28%)ofitsopeningweekendgross,[112]while
otherpremiumlargeformatscreenscomprised$5.25million(10.5%)ofthegross.ItisNolan'sfirstfilm
tonotdebutatnumberonesince2002,whenInsomniadebutedatnumbertwo.[113][114]Commenting
abouttheheatofcompetitionbetweenthetwofilmsandtheirsubsequentresults,PhilContrino,vice
presidentandchiefanalystatBoxOffice.comsaid,"It'sgoodforthemarketplace".Headded:"The
programmingthisweekendwasveryintelligent,andwedidn'thavealotofthatthisyear.Neithermovie
hurttheotherone.Theywerebothoperatinginseparatecampsandtheybothfoundanaudience."[115]In
itssecondweekendthefilmfelltonumberthreebehindoldrivalBigHero6andnewcomerDumband
DumberToanddropped39%earning$29.12millionforatwoweekendtotalof$97.8million.[116][117]
Itearned$7.4millionfromIMAXtheatresfrom368screensinitssecondweekend.[118][119]Initsthird
week,thefilmearned$15.1millionandremainedat#3,belownewcomerTheHungerGames:
MockingjayPart1andBigHero6.[120]
Otherterritories
Interstellarwasreleasedin35marketsonNovember6includingmajormarketslikeGermany,Russia,
AustraliaandBrazilandearned$8.7millionintotal.[121]InitsopeningweekendInterstellarearned
$82.9millionfrom11.1admissionsonover14,800screensin62markets.[122]Itearned$7.3million
from206IMAXscreens,atanaverageof35,400pertheatre.[123]ThefilmwentnumberoneinSouth
Korea($14.4million),[124]Russia($8.9million)andFrance($5.3million).Otherhighopeningsinclude
Germany($4.6million),Italy($3.7million),Australia($3.7million),Spain($2.7million),Mexico
($3.1million)andBrazil($1.9million).[125]IntheUnitedKingdomthefilmdebutedatnumberone
earning5.37million($8.6million)initsopeningweekendwhichwaslowerthantheopeningsofThe
DarkKnightRises(14.36million),Gravity(6.24million)andInception(5.91million).[126]
InterstellarwasreleasedinChinaonNovember12andearned$5.4milliononitsopeningdayon
WednesdaywhichisNolan'sbiggestopeninginChinasurpassingthe$4.61millionopeningrecordof
TheDarkKnightRises.[127][128]Itwentontoearn$41.7millioninitsopeningweekend,accounting
55%ofthemarketshares.[129][130]ItisNolan'sbiggestopeninginChina,WarnerBros'biggest2D
opening[131]andthestudio'sthirdbiggestopeningofalltimebehindTheHobbit:TheBattleoftheFive
Armies($49.5million)[132]andPacificRim($45.2million).[133][134]
IttoppedtheboxofficeoutsideofNorthAmericafortwoconsecutiveweekendsbeforebeingovertaken
byTheHungerGames:MockingjayPart1initsthirdweekend.[131]31daysafteritsrelease,thefilm
becamethe13thmostsuccessfulfilmand3rdmostsuccessfulforeignfilminSouthKoreawith9.1
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millionadmissionstrailingonlybehindAvatar(13.3millionadmissions)andFrozen(10.3million
admissions).[135]ThefilmcloseddownitstheatricalruninChinaonDecember12,2014(onFriday,31
daysafteritsinitialrelease)withatotalrevenueof$122.6million.[93][136]
Criticalresponse
Interstellarreceivedgenerallypositivereviewsfromcritics.Ithasascoreof72%onreviewaggregator
websiteRottenTomatoesbasedon281reviews,witharatingaverageof7outof10.Thesite'scritical
consensusreads:"Interstellarrepresentsmoreofthethrilling,thoughtprovoking,andvisually
resplendentfilmmakingmoviegoershavecometoexpectfromwriterdirectorChristopherNolan,even
ifitsintellectualreachsomewhatexceedsitsgrasp."[137]OnMetacritic,anotherreviewaggregator,the
filmhasascoreof74outof100onbasedon46critics,indicating"generallyfavorablereviews".[138]
ScottFoundas,chieffilmcriticatVariety,saidthatInterstellaris"asvisuallyandconceptually
audaciousasanythingNolanhasyetdone"andconsideredthefilmmorepersonalthanNolan'sprevious
films.[139]ClaudiaPuigofUSATodaypraisedthevisualspectacleandpowerfulthemes,while
criticizingthe"dull"dialogueand"tediouspatchesinsidethespacevessel".[140]DavidStrattonofAtthe
Moviesratedthefilmfourandahalfstarsoutoffive,praisingthefilm'sambition,effectsand70mm
IMAXpresentation,thoughcriticizingthesoundforbeingsoloudastomakesomeofthedialogue
inaudible.Conversely,cohostMargaretPomeranzratedthefilmthreeoutoffive,asshefeltthehuman
dramagotlostamongstthefilm'sscientificconcepts.[141]HenryBarnesofTheGuardianscoredthefilm
threeoutoffivestars,callingit"agloriousspectacle,butaslightdrama,withfewcharactersandtoo
rareflashesofhumour."[142]
OliverGettell,writingforLosAngelesTimes,reportedthat"FilmcriticslargelyagreethatInterstellaris
anentertaining,emotionalandthoughtprovokingscifisaga,evenifitcanalsobeclunkyand
sentimentalattimes."[143]JamesDyer,reviewingthefilmforEmpire,awardedthefilmafullfivestars,
describingitas"Brainy,barmyandbeautifultobehold...amindbendingoperaofspaceandtimewitha
soulwrappedupinallthescience."[144]DaveCalhounofTimeOutLondonalsograntedthefilma
maximumscoreoffivestars,statingthatitis"abold,beautifulcosmicadventurestorywithatouchof
thesurrealandthedreamlike".[145]NewYorkPostcriticLouLumenickdeemedInterstellar"asoulful,
mustseemasterpiece,oneofthemostexhilaratingfilmexperiencessofarthiscentury."[146]Richard
RoeperofChicagoSunTimesawardedthefilmafullfourstarsandwrote,"Thisisoneofthemost
beautifulfilmsIhaveeverseenintermsofitsvisuals,anditsoverridingmessageaboutthepowerful
forcesoftheonethingweallknowbutcan'tmeasureinscientificterms.Love."[147]
DescribingNolanasa"merchantofawe",TimRobeyofTheTelegraphfeltInterstellarwas
"agonisingly"closetoamasterpiece,highlightingtheconceptualboldnessandthe"deepdigging
intelligence"ofthefilm.[148]ToddMcCarthy,reviewingforTheHollywoodReporter,said,"This
grandlyconceivedandexecutedepictriestogiveequalweighttointimatehumanemotionsand
speculationaboutthecosmos,withmixedresults,butisneverlessthanengrossing,andsometimesmore
thanthat."[149]RichardCorlissofTimegavethefilmapositivereview,callingit"amusttakeridewith
afewnarrativebumps".Heconcededthat"Nolan'sreachoccasionallyexceedshisgrasp"butaccepted
thisoccurrence.[150]InhisreviewforTheAssociatedPress,JakeCoylepraisedthefilmforits"big
screengrandeur",whilefindingsomeofthedialogue"clunky".Hefurtherdescribeditas"anabsurd
endeavor"and"oneofthemostsublimemoviesofthedecade".[151]ScottMendelsonofForbeslisted
Interstellarasoneofthemostdisappointingfilmsof2014,statingthatthefilmhasalackofflow,loss
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2/18/2015
ofmomentumfollowingtheclimax,clumsysoundmixing,and"thincharacters"despiteseeingthefilm
twiceinorderto"giveitasecondchance".MendelsonwritesthatInterstellar"endsupasastripped
downandsomewhatmutedvariationonanynumberof'gointospacetosavetheworld'movies."[152]
NewYorkTimescolumnistDavidBrooksconcludesthatInterstellarexplorestherelationshipsamong
"scienceandfaithandscienceandthehumanities"and"illustratestherealsymbiosisbetweenthese
realms."[153]WaiCheeDimock,intheLosAngelesReviewofBooks,writesthatNolan'sfilmsare
"rotatableat90,180,and360degrees,"andthat"althoughthereisconsiderablemagicalthinkinghere,
makingitalmostanantiscififilm,holdingouthopethattheendoftheplanetisnottheendof
everything,itreversesitself,however,whenthatmagicfallsshort,whenthepoeticlicenseisnakedand
plainforalltosee.Inthosemoments,itsuddenlydawnsuponusthattheoceanthatrisesup90degrees
andcomesatuslikeawallisnotjustaspecialeffectonsomefarawayplanet,butascenarioalltoo
closetohome."[154]
Homevideo
InterstellarwillbereleasedonhomevideoMarch31,2015.[155]
Accolades
InterstellarwasnominatedforOriginalScorefortheHollywoodMusicinMediaAwards,contending
withsixotherfilms.TheadvisoryboardreceivedafiveminutetrailerforthefilmthatincludedHans
Zimmer'smusic.[156]
ListofAccolades
Award/FilmFestival
Category
Result
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Pending
BestSoundEditing
RichardKing
Pending
BestSoundMixing
MarkWeingarten,
GaryRizzo,Gregg
Landaker
Pending
BestProductionDesign
NathanCrowley,Gary
Fettis
Pending
BestVisualEffects
PaulFranklin,Andrew
Lockley,IanHunter,
ScottFisher
Pending
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
AcademyAwards[157]
AllianceofWomenFilm
Journalists[158]
Recipient(s)
AmericanFilmInstituteAwards[159] MoviesoftheYear
EmmaThomas,
ChristopherNolan,
LyndaObst(shared
withAmericanSniper,
Birdman,Boyhood,
Foxcatcher,The
ImitationGame,Into
theWoods,
Nightcrawler,Selma,
Unbroken,and
Nominated
Won
(shared)
15/32
2/18/2015
Whiplash)
ArtDirectorsGuild[160]
ExcellenceinProduction
DesignforaFantasyFilm
NathanCrowley
BlackReelAwards[161]
OutstandingBreakthrough
PerformanceMale
DavidGyasi
Pending
BestOriginalMusic
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
NathanCrowley,Gary
Nominated
Fettis
BestSpecialVisualEffects
PaulFranklin,Scott
Fisher,Andrew
Lockley
BritishAcademyFilm
Awards[162][163]
Nominated
Won
JessicaChastain(Also
CentralOhioFilmCritics
Association[164]
ChicagoFilmCritics
Association[165]
ActoroftheYear
forTheDisappearanceof
Nominated
EleanorRigby,MissJulie,
AMostViolentYear)
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestDirector
ChristopherNolan
Nominated
BestArtDirection
NathanCrowley,Gary
Nominated
Fettis
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
CinemaAudioSocietyAwards[166]
MarkWeingarten,
GaryRizzo,Gregg
OutstandingAchievementin
Landaker,Alan
SoundMixingforaMotion
Meyerson,ThomasJ.
PictureLiveAction
OConnell,MaryJo
Lang
CostumeDesignersGuild[167]
ExcellenceinContemporary
MaryZophres
Film
Nominated
Pending
BestYoungPerformer
MackenzieFoy
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
NathanCrowley
Critics'ChoiceMovie
Award[168][169]
BestArtDirection
BestEditing
(ProductionDesigner),
GaryFettis(Set
Decorator)
LeeSmith
BestVisualEffects
Nominated
Nominated
BestSciFi/HorrorMovie
DallasFortWorthFilmCritics
Association[170]
Nominated
Won
BestScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
2ndPlace
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
BestDirector
ChristopherNolan
Won
Nominated
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2/18/2015
DenverFilmCriticsSociety[171]
BestScienceFiction/Horror
Film
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
BestVisualEffects
FloridaFilmCriticsCircle[172][173]
GeorgiaFilmCritics
Association[175][176]
Nominated
Won
Won
BestArt
NathanCrowley,Gary
Runnerup
Direction/ProductionDesign Fettis
BestScore
GayandLesbianEntertainment
CriticsAssociation[174]
Nominated
HansZimmer
VisuallyStrikingFilmofthe
Year
Nominated
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
NathanCrowley,Gary
Nominated
Fettis
BestScore
HansZimmer
Won
DavidOyelowo(Also
GoldenGlobeAwards[177]
HoustonFilmCriticsSociety[178]
InternationalOnlineFilmCritics'
Poll[179]
LasVegasFilmCriticsSociety
Awards[180]
MakeUpArtistsandHairStylists
Guild[181]
MotionPictureSoundEditors
GoldenReelAwards[182]
NevadaFilmCriticsSociety[183]
NorthTexasFilmCritics
Association[184]
PhoenixFilmCritics
Society[185][186]
BreakthroughAward
forDefault,AMostViolent
Year,Nightingale,Selma)
Won
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestVisualEffects
Nominated
BestVisualEffects
Won
BestContemporaryMake
Up
LuisaAbel,Jay
Wejebe
BestContemporaryHair
Styling
PatriciaDeHaney,Jose
Nominated
L.Zamora
Nominated
FeatureEnglishLanguage
RichardKing
Effects/Foley
Nominated
FeatureMusic
AlexGibson
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Won
BestVisualEffects
HansZimmer
Won
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Won
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestFilmEditing
LeeSmith
Nominated
NathanCrowley
Nominated
BestVisualEffects
AndrewLockley,Ian
Hunter
BestPerformancebya
MackenzieFoy
Won
17/32
2/18/2015
YouthFemale
SanDiegoFilmCriticsSociety[187]
SatelliteAwards[188]
St.LouisGatewayFilmCritics
Association[189][190]
VisualEffectsSociety
Awards[191][192]
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
NathanCrowley
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestVisualEffects
AndrewLockley,Ian
Hunter,PaulFranklin, Nominated
ScottFisher
BestSupportingActress
MackenzieFoy
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestVisualEffects
Won
BestMusicScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
OutstandingVisualEffects
inaVisualEffectsDriven
Photoreal/LiveAction
FeatureMotionPicture
PaulFranklin,Kevin
Elam,AnnPodlozny,
Nominated
AndrewLockley,Scott
Fisher
OutstandingCreated
Environmentina
TomBracht,Graham
Page,ThomasDhlen,
KirstyClark(for
OutstandingVirtual
Cinematographyina
MotionMediaProject
FarazHameed,
StephenPainter,Hoyte
Nominated
vanHoytema,Dorian
Knapp(forTesseract)
Won
Tesseract)
RaphaelHamm,Isaac
OutstandingCompositingin
Layish,SebastianVon
aPhotoreal/LiveAction
Nominated
Overheidtm,Tristan
Myles(forWater)
NathanCrowley
BestArtDirection
WashingtonD.C.AreaFilmCritics
Association[193]
WomenFilmCriticsCircle[194]
(ProductionDesigner),
GaryFettis(Set
Decorator)
Nominated
BestCinematography
HoytevanHoytema
Nominated
BestEditing
LeeSmith
Nominated
BestOriginalScore
HansZimmer
Nominated
BestYouthPerformance
MackenzieFoy
Nominated
AWoman'sRighttoMale
RolesinMovies
JessicaChastain
Won
Sequel
OnthepossibilityofpotentialsequelMcCounaugheysaid,"Itsteedupforthatpossibility."[195]
18/32
2/18/2015
Seealso
Blackholesinfiction
Bootstrapparadox
Interstellarspacecraft
Interstellartravel
Listoftimetravelsciencefiction
Wormholesinfiction
Listoffilmsfeaturingdrones
Notes
1. ^Thesequencesshoton65mmIMAXfilmaredisplayedintheirfull1.43:1aspectratioon70mmIMAX
screens(the5mmdifferenceisduetotheadditionoftheaudiotrackonthefilmprint),butarecroppeddown
toaslargeas1.9:1ondigitalIMAXscreens,downto2.20:1onregular70mmscreens,anddownto2.35:1
tomatchthe35mmanamorphicfootageon35mmfilmandallotherdigitalscreenings.
2. ^TheopeningweekendgrossdoesnotincludetherevenueitearnedfromTuesdayandWednesdaynight
previews.Intotalthefilmearned$2,151,453fromthetwolatenightshowingswhichwouldbringitsopening
weekendgrossto$49,661,813.[108]
References
1. ^"Interstellar"(http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/interstellarfilm).BritishBoardofFilmClassification.
October20,2014.RetrievedOctober20,2014.
2. âb"Interstellar(2014)"(http://explore.bfi.org.uk/5452c65e2de78).BritishFilmInstitute.Retrieved
December10,2014.
3. âbc"Interstellar(2014)"(http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=interstellar.htm).BoxOfficeMojo.
RetrievedFebruary15,2015.
4. âbcFleming,Mike(August13,2013)."ChristopherNolanStarts'Interstellar' "
(http://www.deadline.com/2013/08/christophernolanstartsinterstellar/).Deadline.com.Retrieved
August13,2013.
5. âbcdJagernauth,Keith(August28,2013)."Exclusive:MattDamonJoinsChristopherNolan's
'Interstellar,'LinesUpDirectorialDebut'TheForeigner' "(http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/exclusive
mattdamonjoinschristophernolansinterstellarlinesupdirectorialdebutamurderforetold20130828).
ThePlaylist(IndiewireNetwork).RetrievedNovember18,2013.
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2/18/2015
Furtherreading
Thorne,Kip(November7,2014).TheScienceofInterstellar.Bookaboutthesciencebehindthe
film.W.W.Norton&Company.ISBN9780393351378.
Vaz,MarkCotta(November11,2014).Interstellar:BeyondTimeandSpace.Bookaboutthe
makingofthefilm.RunningPress.ISBN9780762456833.
MacKay,John."OnINTERSTELLAR(2014)(preliminarynotes)."[1]
(https://www.academia.edu/9240536/On_INTERSTELLAR_2014_?
auto=download&campaign=weekly_digest)
Externallinks
Officialwebsite(https://interstellar.withgoogle.com)
Interstellar(http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0816692/)atthe
InternetMovieDatabase
Interstellar(http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v576585)at
AllMovie
Wikiquotehasquotations
relatedto:Interstellar
(film)
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoInterstellar.
Interstellar(http://www.metacritic.com/movie/interstellar)
atMetacritic
Interstellar(http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/interstellar_2014/)atRottenTomatoes
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Interstellar_(film)&oldid=647676534"
Categories: 2014films Englishlanguagefilms 2010sdramafilms 2010ssciencefictionfilms
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Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

101. ^AnitaBusch(November6,2014)." 'Interstellar'ReportsGrossesBeforeWeekendShowdownAgainst'Big

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

131. ^abNancyTartaglione(November16,2014)." 'Interstellar'BlastsPast$200MWith$42MChinaLiftOff:

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

147. ^Roeper,Richard(November4,2014)." 'Interstellar':EpicBeautyInItsEffectsandItsIdeas"

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Interstellar (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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