1)

982 men who died, 221 died from some heart disease. Of 932 men,
334had at least one parent who had heart disease. Of the latter
334men, 111 died from some heart disease. Man is selected from
the982, given that neither of his parents had some heart disease; find
the conditional probability that this man has died of some heart
disease.
A)
Using Bayes' Formula:

Here A =HD;B=N
In this case, where HD signifies a death from heart disease and N signifies that
neither parent had heart disease:

=
2)
Confused on these. P(A)=.7, P(B)=.5, and P([A U B]')=.1
A) Find P(A
B)
B) Calculate P(A|B)
C) Calculate P(B|A)
A)

(a)

(b)

(c)
3) you roll a fourteen-sided die (with numbers one through fourteen). what is the
probability that the value of the roll will be a number greater than nine?
A)

All numbers have an equal chance of occurring so probability =

You have numbers 1- 14 here so there are 5 numbers greater than 9(10, 11, 12, 13,
14) out of a possible 14 outcomes.

Probability =
4)
The starting salaries of college instructorshave a standard deviation of $2000. How
large a sample is needed ifwe wish to be 95% confident that our sample mean will
be within$500 of the true average salary of all college instructors?
A)

=2000, =0.05, E=500

Thus, take n=62.

5)

The confidence level is 99% andthe sample mean is within 5 miles of the actual
populationmean. The standard Deviation is 10 miles.
How large will the sample beif you want to know the
proportionof people farther than 4 miles? The confidence levelneeds to be 99%
with an confidence interval of 5%of the actual population proportion?
A)

6)

If Bradleys systolic blood pressure is taken at a randomly chosen moment, what is the
probability that it will be,
a. 135 or less? _______
b.175 or more?__________
c. between 125 and 165?___________
a)
z(x) = (x - ) /
In this problem, we know = 145 and = 20.
A) P(X < 135) = p(135)
z(135) = (135 - 145) / 20 = -.5 --> p = .3085
B) P(X > 175) = 1 - P(X < 175) = 1 - p(175)
z(175) = (175 - 145) / 20 = 1.5 --> p = .9332
P(X > 175) = 1 - .9332 = .0668
C) P(125 < X < 165) = P(X < 165) - P(X < 125) = p(165)- p(125)
z(165) = (165 - 145) / 20 = 1 --> p = .8413
z(125) = (125 - 145) / 20 = -1 --> p = .1587
P(125 < X < 175) = .8413 - .1587 = .6826

7)
The amount of nicotine in individual Dytusoon cigarettes has a distribution with mean = 0.943
grams and standard deviation =0.306 grams. Let x denote the mean nicotine content of 44
cigarettes randomly selected from the production line.
a.). What is the expected value E(x) of the sampling distribution of x?
b.). What is the standard deviation SD(x) of the sampling distribution of x? (use 6 decimal places
in your answer)
A)
E(X) =

8)
Two dice are rolled. Find the probability of getting a sum of 8.
A)

Among the 36 possible outcomes in the random experiment of rolling two dice the favorable
cases for getting a sum of 8 are{(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)}, i.e. 5.
The probability of getting a sum of 8 =
9)
The number of surface flaws in plastic panels used in the interior of automobiles has a Poisson
distribution with a mean of 0.05 flaws per square foot of plastic panel. Assume an automobile
interior contains ten square feet of plastic panel.
a. What is the probability that there are no surface flaws in anautos interior?
b. All panels are resurfaced if three or more flaws are found in anautos interior. What is
the probability that the panels for a particular automobile must be resurfaced?
A)

10)
What is the probability of picking an orange ball and a white ball out of a bag
containingseven orange balls, eight green balls, and two white balls?

There are total 17(=7+8+2) balls.

The probability is

11)
Suppose 1000 coins are tossed. Use the normal curve approximation to the binomial
distribution to find the probability of getting the following result. Exactly 510 heads.
The probability of getting exactly 510 heads is ___. (Round to 4 decimal places.)
p(H) = 0.50
s = v[p(1 - p)] = v[0.5(1 - 0.5)] = 0.5
= 0.5(500) = 250
s(500) = 250
x = 262
z = (262 - 250)/250 = 0.024
P(x > 262) = 0.5 - 0.0090 (by interpolation)
P(x > 262) = 0.4910
mean = (1/2)1000 = 500
std = sqrt(1/2*500) = sqrt(250) = 15.81
-----P(509.5 < x < 510.5) = normalcdf(509.5,510.5,500,sqrt(250)) = 0.0260
12)
A study is to be conducted of the percentage of homeowners who at least two
television sets. How large a sample is required if we wish to be 99% confident that
the error in estimating this quantity is less than 0.001?
Given =0.01, Z(0.005)=2.58 (check normal table)
E=0.001
n=(Z/E)^2*p*(1-p) = (2.58/0.001)^2*0.5*(1-0.5) = 1664100
13)

Suppose that under severe operating conditions the lifetime, in months, of a transistor is
exponentially distributed with parameter

=0.2.

a) Find the probability that such a transistor lasts longer than 8 months?
b) Find the probability that the lifetime of a transistor is between 4 and 10 months?
c) Find the 25th percentile of the lifetime?

Report Abuse

14)
The amount of time that a surveillance camera will run without having to rest is a random
variable having the exponential distribution with =50 days. Find the proababilities that such a
camera will:
(a) Have to be reset in less than 20 days;
(b) Not have to be reset in at least 60 days.
Anonymous - 9 hours later

15)

Given that the switchboard of a consultant's office receives on the average 0.6 calls per minute,
find the probabilities that:
(a) In a given minute there will be at least 1 call;
(b) in a 4-minute interval there will be at least 3calls.
Part 2 - With reference to Part 1, find the probabilities that the time between successive calls
arriving at the switchboard of the consulting firm will be:
(a) Less than 1/2 minute;
(b) More than 3 minutes.

16)

A radioactive emits particles according to a poisson process at a mean rate of 2 per second. Let T
be the waiting time, in seconds, between emissions.
a) What is the probability that there are less than 3emissions in 3 seconds?
As per Poisson equation,

P(x) =
Where P(x) = probability of exactly x occurrences
= mean
e = 2.71828
a mean rate of 2 per second.
a) mean rate in 3 seconds = 2 x 3 = 6 emissions =
the probability that there are less than 3 emissions in 3seconds
=P(<3) = P(0)+P(1)+P(2)
=
+
+
=0.0025 +0.015 +0.045 =0.0625
17)

A certain Pizza store has estimated that the time it takes from an order being called in by a
customer to delivery is uniformly distributed between 30 minutes and one hour. Given that this
distribution is true, find the following:
a) Find the probability that a randomly selected customer will have to wait over 50 minutes for
their delivery to arrive.
b) Find the standard deviation of delivery times.
(a) Since we know that in case of uniform distribution the pdf is

So in this case
or
Now

(b) Standard Deviation is calculated with the help of the formulagiven below:
..........................(1)
also standard deviation is +ve square root of

find these values and put in eq (1), you get a solution

18)
. A study was conducted with vegetarians to see whether the numberof
grams of protein each ate per day was related to diastolic bloodpressure. The
data follow: Protein(g) Pressure 4 73 6.5 79 5 83 5.582 8 84 10 92 9 88 8.2 86
10.5 95 (a) Estimate and to develop thesimple linear regression line. (b) Find
the standard errors of theestimates and calculate 95% confidence intervals
for eachparameter. (c) Determine if there is a significant relationshipbetween
blood pressure and amount of protein. (d) If there is asignificant relationship,
predict the diastolic pressure of avegetarian who consumes 8g of protein per
day. Develop a 95%confidence interval for this value. Thank you. I am rather
stuck onthis question. Ok, incredibly stuck.
Anonymous - 9 hours later

19)

On a standard IQ test, the scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 30
a.) If I score 140, what percentile am I?
b.) 90?

mean , = 100
standard deviation , = 30
a.) If I score 140, what percentile am I?
P(X=140)
=P(
)
=P(z=1.33)
=0.9082
hence ur percentile = 90.82
b.) If I score 90, what percentile am I?
P(X=90)
=P(
)
=P(z=-0.33)
=0.3707
hence ur percentile = 37.07
20)

The lifespan of a certain brand of light blubs in aphotographic machine is normally distributed
with a mean of 210hours and a standard deviation of 50 hours
a.) Determine the z score of a light bulb that has a lifespanof exactly 124 hours
b.) What is the probability that a randomly chose nlightblub would have a lifespan of less than
180 hours?
c.) between 200 and 250 hours?
mean , = 210
standard deviation , = 50
a.) the z score of a light bulb that has a lifespan of exactly124 hours
=
=-1.72
b.) the probability that a randomly chose nlight blubwould have a lifespan of less than 180 hours
=P(X<180)
=P(
<
)
=P(z< -0.6)
=0.2743
c.) between 200 and 250 hours
=P(200<X250)
=P(
<
=P(-0.2 < z < 0.8)
=0.7881 - 0.4207
=0.3674

<

21)
In a 600 page manuscript there are 150 misprints. How do I figure the probability of
selecting a page with exactly two misprints?

In a 600 page manuscript there are 150 misprints.

mean no. of misprints = = 150/600 = 0.25
As per poisson equation,
P(x) =
where P(x) = probability of exactly x occurrences
= mean =0.25
e = 2.71828
the probability of selecting a page with exactly twomisprints
=
=0.024
22)
The probability that a person in the United States has type AB+blood s 3%. five
unrelated people in the United States are selectedat random.
(a) Find the probability that all five have AB+ blood.
(b) Find the probability that none of the five has type AB+blood.
(c) Find the probability that at least one of the five has type AB+blood.

The probability that a person in the United States has typeAB+ blood =p = 0.03.
sample size, n = 5
binomial probability formula goes as follows:
P(r) =
where r = exact no. of success
n = total no. of trials= 5 (in this case)
p = probability of success=0.03
q = probability of failure=1-p = 1-0.03 =0.97

(a) the probability that all five have AB+ blood = P(5) =
0.0000000243

(b) the probability that none of the five has type AB+ blood=P(0) =
=0.8587340257
(c) the probability that at least one of the five has type AB+blood = 1- probability that none of
the five has type AB+ blood
= 1-P(0) = 1- 0.8587340257
= 0.1412659743

23)
In 1992, the FAA conducted 86,991 pre-employment drug tests on jobapplicants
who were to be engaged in safety and security-relatedjobs, and found that 1,143
were positive. (a) Construct a 95percent confidence interval for the population
proportion ofpositive drug tests. (b) Why is the normality assumption not aproblem,
despite the very small value of p?

Anonymous - 2 hours later

24)

25)

Given =0.01, Z(0.005)=2.58 (check normal table)

The rejection region is
-2.58<Z or Z>2.58
26)
A royal family has children until it has a boy oruntil it has three children, whichever
comes first. Assume thateach child is a boy with probability 1/2. Find the expected
numberof boys in this royal family and the expected number of girls.

First, determine the pdf for this event.

Probability of having one child = probability of having a boy =0.5
Probability of having two children = probability of having a girland then a boy =
0.5*0.5 (since they are independent events)
Probability of having three children = probability of having a girland then another
girl and then a boy OR probability of having agirl and then another girl and then
another girl = 0.5*0.5*0.5 +0.5*0.5*0.5 = 1/4
Therefore,
There is always one and exactly one boy in the family with aprobability of 1-1/8 =
7/8
There is one girl with probability 1/4, two girls with probability1/8, three girls with
probability 1/8 and there is no girl in thefamily with probability 1/2.
Expected number of boys = 0*(1/8) + 1*(7/8) = 7/8
Expected number of girls = 1*(1/4) + 2*(1/4) + 3*(1/8) + 0*(0.5) =9/8
27)

The proportion of families who buy milk from Publix in Tampa isassumed to be p=0.6. If a
random sample of 10 families show that 3or less buy milk from Publix, we shall reject the null
hypothesis p= 0.6 in favor of the alternative hypothesis p < 0.6.
a) Find the probability of a type I error if thetrue proportion is p = 0.6.
b) Evaluate the probability of a type II error ifthe true value of p is equal to the following:
i) p = 0.3
ii) p = 0.4
ii) p = 0.5

28)
In a large experiment to determine the success of a new drug, 400 patients with a
certain disease are to be given the drug. If more than 300 and less than 340
patients are cured. We shall conclude that drug is over 80% effective. Find the
probability of committing a type I error . What is the probability of a type II error
if the new drug is only 70% effective? (Hint: Use the normal approximation to the
binomial)

29)

Let X be uniformly distributed on the interval[1,2] Find E(1/X). Is E(1/X) = 1/E(X)?

What I know: I know that E(1/X) is not equal to 1/E(X)because I was told that. I also know that
I need to use g(X)= 1/X and X ~ U[1,2] so fX(x) = 1, 1 <= x<= 2. and I need to use the
appropriate integration ofln(2). How do I do this and show that the histogram of Xbalances
exactly at e[X] = 3/2?

30)

Problem: Two fair dice are rolled. Find the jointprobability mass function of X and Y when:
(a) X is the largest value obtained on anydie and Y is the sum of the values.
Cramster provides an answer that says when X=2 and Y=3,the joint pmf is 2/36. When X =2 and
Y = 4, the joint pmf is1/36. Can someone please explain how the joint pmf answers of2/36 and
1/36 are derived?
Anonymous - 22 minutes later

31)

Find the Levels of the Confidence intervals that have the followingvalues of
A)

= 1.96

B)

= 2.17

C)

= 1.28

D)

= 3.28

32)
A random sample of married men all retired, were classifiedaccording to their
educational level
and number of children as shown in the table below. The idea is todetermine if the
size of a family is
independent on the level of education attained by the father.Compute the expected
values eij , and
hence Perform a contingency analysis on the data to determine ifthere is any
dependency between
the number of level of education attained by the father and thesize of his family.
Use = 0.05? to
answer your question you must complete the script shown below:
Number of Children
Educationlevel
0-1
2-3
over4 Row Total
Elementary
Secondary
College
Col Total
H0:

14
19
12
45
; H1:

Critical Region: =
Test Statistics: =
Degrees of Freedom (DF):=

37
42
17
96

32
17
10
59

83
78
39
200

Decision: Reject/Do not Reject H0

33)
How do you tell that A is ahead throughout the count? If AAABB andAABAB satisfy
that A is ahead, then why dont ABAAB or BAAAB worktoo?

34)

a random sample of n1=12 winter days in denver gave a sample meanpollution index of xbar
1=43. previous studies show that standarddeviation1= 21. for englewood, a random sample of
n2= 14 winterdays gave a sample mean pollution index of xbar2= 36. previousstudies show
standard deviation 2 = 15. assume the pollution indexis normally distributed in both englewood
and denver.
do these data indicate that the mean population pollutionindex of englewood is different (either
way) from that of denver inthe winter? use a 1% level of significance.
Denver:
sample size, n1=12,
sample mean, x1=43,
standard deviation, s1=21
Englewood:
sample size, n2=14,
sample mean, x2=36,
standard deviation, s2=15
Null hypothesis , Ho: 1= 2
Alternate hypothesis, Ha: 1

degree of freedom, df = n1+n2-2 =12+14-2=24

At =0.01, for two tail distribution and df = 24, criticalt =2.797
table)

(from t

The test statistic, t =

= 0.96

Since the test statistics (i.e 0.96) is less than the criticalstatistics (i.e 2.797), hence
we accept the null hypothesis.
Hence, there is not enough evidence to conclude that the meanpopulation pollution
index of englewood is different (either way)from that of denver in the winter
35)

for a experimental group n1= 30 children, the mean score on thevocabulary portion of a test was
xbar 1 = 368.4, with samplestandard deviation s1= 39.5. the average score on the
vocabularyportion of the test for the n2= 30 subjects in the control groupwas xbar 2 = 349.2,
with sample standard deviation s2= 56.6 use a 1% level of significance to test the claim that
theexperimental group performed better than the control group.
Statistics and Probability
Experimental group:
sample size, n1=30,
sample mean, x1=368.4,
standrd deviation, s1=39.5
Control group:
sample size, n2=30,
sample mean, x2 =349.2,
standrd deviation, s2 = 56.6
Null hypothesis, Ho:1 2
Alternate hypothesis, Ha:1>2
At =0.01, for a one tail distribution, critical z =2.33

(from z table)

The test statistic , z =

= 1.52
Since the test statistics (i.e 1.52) is less than the criticalstatistics (i.e 2.33), hence we accept the
null hypothesis.

hence, we do not have significant evidence to conclude that theexperimental group performed
better than the control group.
36)

Suppose we are interested in bidding on a piece of land and we know one other bidder is
interested. The seller announced that the highest bid in excess of $10,400 will be accepted.
Assume that the competitors bid x is a random variable that is uniformly distributed between
$10,400 and $15,100.
a. Suppose you bid $12,000. What is the probability that your bid will be accepted (to 2
decimals)?
If a random variable is uniformly distributed over the interval (a,b)
then P( X < c ) = (c-a) / (b-a) ; here c lies in the interval (a,b) .
P(bid will be accepted) = P(competitor bids less than$12,000)

= 0.34

37)

A basketball player makes 75% of her freethrows.Assuming the shots are independent,find the
probability of each event.
a) she will make at least 8 of her first ten shots.
b) she will make at most 8 of her first ten shots.
Binomial probability formula goes as follows:
P(r) =
Where r = exact no. of success
n = total no. of trials= 10 (in this case)
p = probability of success=0.75 = probability that basketballplayer makes her free throws
q = probability of failure=1-p = 1- 0.75 =0.25
a) Probability of she will make at least 8 of her first tenshots = P(r
=P(8)+P(9)+P(10)
=
=0.282 + 0.1877 + 0.056
=0.5257

b) probability of she will make at most 8 of her first tenshots = P(r

=1-probability of she will make more than 8 of her first tenshots
= 1-P(r>8)
= 1-[P(9)+P(10)]
= 1-(
= 1-(0.1877 + 0.056)
= 0.7563
38)

8)

8)

A PC manufacturer buys bulbs from a supplier. The supplier specifies that 5% of the
bulbs are compact fluorescent. The manufacturer randomly and independently
selects and inspects 4 bulbs from a shipment.
a) what is the probability that two of the selected bulbs are compact fluorescent?
ANSWER MIGHT BE 0.015

b) what is the probability that between one and two selected bulbs are compact
fluorescent?
ANSWER MIGHT BE 0.185

c) Suppose that the PC manufacturer receives 8 shipments in a week, and randomly

selects and inspects 4 bulbs per shipment. What is the probability that there will be
1 shipment containing two compact fluorescent bulbs?
ANSWER: 0.108
This we can consider as Bionomial Distribution.............
Total No.of Bulbs = 4.
probability th getting compact fluroscent = p = 0.05
probability that notgetting compact one = q = 1-p = 0.95
a)what is the probability that two of the selected bulbs are compact fluorescent?
P(X=2) = 4 C 2 (0.05)^2 * (0.95)^2 = 6*0.05^2 * 0.95^2 = 0.015 Ans.
b) what is the probability that between one and two selected bulbs are compact
fluorescent?
P(x=1) + p(x=2) = 4 C 1 0.05*o.95^3 + 4 C 2 0.05^2 * 0.95^2
= 4*0.05*0.95^3 + 0.015
= 0.185 Ans.
c) Now we will use result of a here means
we will again consider this as bionomial distribution with N = 8 and
probability that two of the selected bulbs are compact fluorescent = p = 0.015
probability that two of the selected bulbs are not compact fluorescent = q = 10.015 = 0.985
Now
the probability that there will be 1 shipment containing two compact fluorescent
bulbs
= 8 C 1* 0.015*0.98567 = 0.108 Ans.
Where n c r represents n! / r!*(n-r)!
39)
In a family with 4 children, the number of children with blue eyes is a binomial
random variable X with n = 4 and p = .20.
What is the probability that all 4 children will have blue eyes?
What is the probability that exactly 3 children will have blue eyes?
If you are not familiar with the binomial distribution look on Wikipedia for the
binomial theorem and for the binomial distribution (2 separate related concepts).
Binomial coefficients are usually written as (n k) but vertically (n on top of k). (n k)
is the number of ways to pick k items in a set of n items. As an example if you have
12 CDs and your CD changer can only take 5, the number of different ways to chose
5 CDs from your collection to put in your player is (12 5) (order of the CDs not
counting).
(n k) = n! / [ k! (n-k)! ] where ! is the factorial symbol.
4! = 1x2x3x4
(a) That is simple because there is only one way to pick 4 children among 4.
P(4 blue eyed kids) = (4 4) x P(blue eyes)^4 x P(not blue eyes)^0
(4 4) = 1 (because 0! = 1)
P(not blue eyes)^0 = 1 because anything power 0 is 1
P(blue eyes)^4 = 0.20^4 = 0.0016 or 0.16%
So:
P(4 blue eyed kids) = 1 x 0.0016 x 1 = 0.0016
(b) What is the probability that exactly 3 children will have blue eyes?
P(3 blue eyed kids) = (4 3) x P(blue eyes)^3 x P(not blue eyes)^1
P(not blue eyes) = 1 P(blue eyes) = 1-0.2 = 0.8
P(blue eyes)^3 = 0.20^3 = 0.008
(4 3) = 4
P(3 blue eyed kids) = 4 x 0.20^3 x 0.80^1
P(3 blue eyed kids) = 4 x 0..008 x 0.80
P(3 blue eyed kids) = 0.0256 or 2.56%

40)
A machine has three independent components. The compoents are grouped
together into two groups. The first group contains a single component, which has
failed with probability q1. The second group contains the other 2 components,
connected in series. These components have failed with probabilities q2 and q3. The
two groups are connected in parallel. Draw a picture of the entrie machine. Whatis
the probability that the entrie machine has failed? ( Test yourgeneral formula: if q1

= 0.15, q2 = 0.1 and q3 = 0.05, then group 2 works with probability 0.855 and the
entire machine has failed with probability 0.02175.)

Probability of failure means that [q1 has failed] and [either q2 or q3 or both have failed].
Probability success on bottom loop is based on q2 has not failed and q3 has not failed
= (1-q2)*(1-q3)
Probability of bottom loop failure = 1- success = 1-(1-q2)*(1-q3)
Total failure = q1 * [1-(1-q2)*(1-q3)]
Test: Let q1 = 0.15, q2 = 0.1, q3 = 0.05
Answer =0.02175