FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS

Based on the queuing theory

Rules of thumb for annual throughput capacity :
* General cargo berth = 100.000 150.000 ton
* Container = 500.000 1.000.000 ton
Analytical solutions :
1. Berths :
* Exponential service time distribution (for general cargo
ports / larger ports)
* Constant service time distribution (for bulk carriers)
* Poisson distribution (for small general cargo ports)
2. Storage facilities : based on average throughput, stowage
factor & storage time. (uncertain)
3. Equipment : based on down-time, productivity, cargo
handling work force & maintenance. (uncertain)

GENERAL ASPECTS OF PLANNING PORT FACILITIES

Extreme high water (flooding of quays, damage of

cargo handling and fixed installations)
Extreme low water ( ships to leave berths not to
enter port)
Extreme wind conditions (Interruption of cargo
handling, Ships to leave berths, damage to building)
Extreme currents (Interruption of arrival & departure of
ships, erosion damage to structures)
Extreme wave actions (Damage to breakwaters interruption
of cargo handling, ships to leave berths, siltation of basins)

Aft

Forward

Bridge
Stem

Midships

Bow

Length between perps

Length overall
Port side
Astem

Ahead
Starboard side

Min freeboard
Moulded depth
Draf scantling
= max draft

Keel

Width or Beam

Figure. Ship Definitions

BERTH & TERMINAL DESIGN IN GENERAL

Weight, Fdist, size, manoeuvrability of Che

structures, foundations & pavement.
Existing fixed facilities

influences lay out & design of

influence the choice of CHE.

Cargo units

the choice of CHE & storage facilities.

Storage facilities & CHE system

General cargo berths

flexible.

require a continuos land area or

combination of

supported deck & land area immediately adjacent to

the ship along their entire length.
(Connected to berthing, mooring & CH).

Liquid bulk terminal

* CH talces place in mid-ships manifold.

* Need 1 loading platform.
* Need berthing & mooring platform.

Dry bulk terminal

* Loading / unloading through no. of haches along

the ship.
* Permanent conueying systems.
* Finger piers & offshore installations

land.

Container terminal

: Similar to drybulk terminals

Ro / Ro

: Similar to liquid bulk terminals need only one loading

platform (Ramp).

Calculation the required capacity terminal

to handle agiven traffic demand :
a)

For conventional break-bulk cargo : first.

* To ascertain the number of berthing point

to keep

ship waiting time down to economic level.

b)

For container cargo : first to determine the area needed to

handle the annual through put.

c)

For specialized bulk cargo : first to find the hourly rate of

dischage or loading
The calculation method requires

to handle the ship in accp.time.

:

Study of productivity.

No & size of facilities needed.

The level of service to be provided.

For development plans (basic feature) ; Terminal capacity X level

of service provided

Total No. of Boxes/year

No.TEU/year
=
% 40'

100

% 40'x Total No. of Boxes

100

No. of 40 Boxes

No. of 20 Boxes

= - No. of 40 + Total No. of Boxes

Length Berth

= LoA + 20 m

Nbr. Of Container Boxes/ship

Time At Berth for land or unload =

No. Ships per year

Ship. Capacity TEU

% 40'

100

No. of Cont / ship

No. of moves per gantry xNo.gantry/Berth

No. Total Boxes/ year

No.Cont Boxes / ship

No. Ships per week

= No. Ship / year

Ships call / week

= Round up

Required Berth time

= Time at berth x No. of ships / year

Available time/berth

= 365 x 24 x Max. berth occupation

52

Theorical required no of berth

No. ships / week

Requiredberth time
Available time per berth

Eff. No. of Berth

Requiredberth time
= Roundup
Available time per berth

Quay Length

= Eff. No. of Berth x Length of berth

Effective berth occupation

100 x Requiredberth time

365 x 24 x Eff. No of berth

365
No of cont through one storage unit =
Dwiil time (Cont. days in CY)

N0. of TEU / year

N0. of cont.through one storage unit

CY Capacity inTEU

Bottom area / stack

= Area ratio x 6 x 2,5

CY area for full berth

= CY Cap. in TEU x bottom area/stack

Stackingheight

CY capacity for gantry

= CY Cap. in TEU Full x % Empty TEU

Total CY area

100

Depth CY Empty
Quay length

For General Cargo :

C=

Starting from; Q (tons)

Qt
375
Vol =

Loading Capacity

= Q.sf

ton

year

Surface =

Vol
h

For Ro / Ro :
Starting from; No. of caps N

N x Sf

Surface( m3 / car)

( m3 / car)
Loading Capacity; C =

N.t car

365 year

SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES

SHIP CHARACTERISTICS
MAIN DIMENSIONS :
Length
Beam
Draft

GOVERNING /
DETERMINATION

Length & layout of

terminal, length of
quay, location of
transit sheds
The reach of CHE
Water depth along the
berth, in channels &
basins

INFLUENCE ON PORT
FACILITIES

Widtha & bends of

channels, the size of
port basins
Width of channels &
basins

CARGO CARRYING CAPACITY

Minimum storage
requirement for full ship
load

Handing rate

CARGO HANDLING GEAR

(CRANE & PUMPS)

Cargo handling rates

Types of CHE (quay

cranes & booster pumps)

TYPES OF CARGO UNITS

(BULK, CONTAINER, ETC)

Handling equipment &

storage

SHAPE OF HULL & MOTION

Mooring & fender design

MOORING EQUIPMENT
(ROPES & WIRES)

Motion of ships & their

mooring forces

MANOEUVRABILITY AT LOW
SPEED

Channels, port entrance,

basin layout & harbor tug