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Nonlinearfiniteelements/NewtonmethodforfiniteelementsWikiversity

Nonlinearfiniteelements/Newtonmethodforfiniteelements
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Newton'smethodfornonlinearfiniteelements
Thefiniteelementsystemofequationsisoftheform

Inordertowriteitintheform

,wedefinetheresidual

Then,theNewtoniterationformulabecomes

Theslopeofthetangent(thetangentstiffness)is

Thereforethetangentstiffnessis

SofarwehaveconsideredNewton'smethodonlyforsingleequations.Whatchangeshavetobemadeforasystemofequationssuch
astheonesencounteredinFEM?

Newton'smethodforasystemofequations
Forasystemofequations,allwehavetodoisastraightforwardextensionofthemethodasitappliestoonedimension.Inthiscase,
it'seasiertothinkintermsofmatricesinsteadofindividualcoefficientsofthematrices.Thus,wehave

Theresidualisdefinedas

Then,theNewtoniterationformulais

wherethetangentstiffnessmatrixisgivenby

Theiterativeprocedureisterminatedwheneithertheresidualisverysmallorthedifferencebetweensuccessivesolutionsislessthan
aspecifiedtolerance.

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Nonlinearfiniteelements/NewtonmethodforfiniteelementsWikiversity

However,boththeresidual andthesolution arevectors.Weusuallycomparethe

tolerance .Insymbolicform,wecheckthenormoftheresidualusing

(Euclidean)normofthevectorswitha

Forthedifferencebetweensuccessivesolutionswecheck

Howdowecalculatethederivativeof

withrespectto ?

Inequation(7)wehaveatermsthatinvolvesapartialderivativeofmatrix
letuslookatthecomponentformofthetangentstiffnessmatrix.

withrespecttothevector .Toseewhatthatmeans,

Thetangentstiffnessmatrixisdefinedas

Letusconsidera

stiffnessmatrixandseewhattheaboveequationmeans.Theresidualis

Expandingtheabovematrixequationoutweget

Takingderivativeswithrespectto

,weget

Inshorterform,wecanwrite

Similarly,takingderivativeswithrespectto

,weget

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Theshortformoftheaboveis

Finally,takingderivativeswithrespectto

givesus

Theshortformis

Combiningthethreeshortformsofthe9equations,weget

Eachofthesetermsrepresentsonecomponent

ofthematrix ,andfora

stiffnessmatrixweget

Inmatrixnotation,theaboveequationiswrittenas

Thisshowsushowtocomputethederivativeof

withrespectto andhence .

Notethatwecanformthetangentstiffnessmatrixoveranelementandassemblethecontributionsfromeachelementtogetthe
globaltangentstiffnessmatrix.Thereasonsarethesameasthoseforthestandardglobalstiffnessmatrix.
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